Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元测试题-高中英语人教版必修第一册

必修一unit4单元测试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。ATakeacloserlookatthewondersofKewGardensbyjoiningaguidedwalkingtour.Ledbyourknowledgeablevolunteerguides,itisafunandinformativewaytoexplorethegrounds.

Freedailywalkingtours

Toursleaveat11amand1:30pmfromtheinformationdeskatVictoriaGatePlaza.Eachguidepresentstheirowntourandtakesinthehighlights(最精彩的部分）oftheseason.

Themedtours

Toursleaveat12fromtheinformationdeskatVictoriaGatePlaza.OurguidesofferattractiveseasonalthemesincludingAutumnColourandWinterEvergreens.

Expert-guidedtours

EveryTuesdaythroughouttheyearat11：30amand2：30pmwe’llbeholdinganexpert-guidedtour.Thetourwillfeature(以...为特色)adifferentplanteachmonthandyou’llgobehindthescenesandtalktoKewstaffabouttheirwork.You’llfindoutinterestingfactsaboutthefeaturedplantorfungus(真菌），includingwhyit’sgrownatKewandhowit’susedandcaredfor.

Price

Thecostis£60perguide(thisdoesnotincludeyourentrytotheGardens).Eachguidecantakeupto15people.Groupsofmorethan15mustbookmorethanoneguide.Smallergroupsarealsoacceptedbutthecostremains£60.Tourstakeaboutonehourandmaybebookedfrom10ameveryday.Pleasenotethatnorefunds（退款）canbegivenonceticketsarebooked.

1.Whattimecanyouchooseifyougotofreedaily'walkingtours?

A.9am. B.10am. C.11am. D.2：30pm.

2.Whatcanwelearnaboutexpert-guidedtours?

A.Peoplecangetintouchwithexpertsaheadoftime.

B.PeoplehavenochoicebuttogoonTuesday.

C.Peoplecanbewarmlyreceivedbythestaff.

D.Peoplecanhaveatasteoffungi,

3.Howmuchistheguidecostfor5people?

A.£60. B.£120. C.£150. D.£300.

BIn1994,aviolentearthquakestruckLosAngeles.Despitetheloss,earthquakescientistshadsomegoodnewstoreport:Thedamageanddeathtoll(死亡人数)couldhavebeenmuchworse.Inthisearthquake,over60peoplewerekilled.Bycontrast,anearthquakeofsimilarintensitythatshookAmericain1988claimed25,000victims.TherewererelativelylessinjuriesanddeathsinLosAngelesbecausealthoughittookplaceinthedowntown,thequakeoccurredat4:31a.m.onaholiday,whentrafficwaslightonthecity’shighways.Moreover,changesmadetotheconstructioncodes(规范)inLosAngelesduringthelast20yearshavestrengthenedthecity’sbuildingsandhighways,makingthemmoreresistanttoquakes.Insteadofbraggingaboutthegoodnews,civilengineersaremakingfurthereffort.Pinnedtotheirdrawingboardsareblueprints(蓝图)forimprovedquake-resistant(抵御地震)buildings.Thenewdesignsshouldofferevengreatersecuritytocitieswhereearthquakesoftentakeplace.Inthepast,makingstructuresquake-resistantmeantfirmyetflexiblematerials,suchassteelandwood,thatbendwithoutbreaking.Later,peopletriedtoliftabuildingoffitsfoundation,andinsert(插入)rubberandsteelbetweenthebuildinganditsfoundationtoreducetheimpactofgroundvibrations(震动).Themostrecentdesignsgivebuildingsbrainsaswellasconcreteandsteelsupports.Calledsmartbuildings,thestructuresrespondlikelivingorganismstoanearthquake’svibrations.Whenthegroundshakesandthebuildingtipsforward,thecomputerwouldforcethebuildingtoshiftintheoppositedirection.Tothenewsmartstructures,alotofpeoplehavevoicedtheirview,andTom,adirectorfromabuildingcompanyisoneofthem.Hepostedhisviewonhisblog,“Theycouldbeveryexpensivetobuild.However,theywouldsavemanylivesandwouldbelesslikelytobedamagedduringearthquakes.”What’sthereasonwhythelossoflivesinLosAngelesearthquakeswasrelativelylow?A.Newcomputershadbeeninstalledinthebuildings.B.Ithappenedintheremotecountryareas.C.TheearthquakeinLosAngeleswasnotasstrongastheonethatshookAmericain1988.D.Improvementshadbeenmadeintheconstructionsofbuildingsandhighways.5.What’sthemeaningoftheboldwords“braggingabout”inparagraph4?A.layingaside B.showingoff C.puttingforward D.linkingto6.What’sTom’sopinionaboutthesmartbuildingsdiscussedinthepassage?A.Itwouldcauseseriousfinancialproblems.B.Itwouldpreventsomeslightearthquakesforgood.C.Itwouldbeworthwhilethoughcostly.D.Itwouldturnintolivingorganism.7.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.toencouragecivilengineerstomakewideruseofcomputersB.tocomparetheconsequencesoftheearthquakesthathappenedintheU.S.C.tointroducethehistoryofquake-resistantbuildingmaterialsD.toreportthedevelopmentsinconstructingquake-resistantbuildingsCFormerUKPrimeMinisterWinstonChurchill(1874-1965)oncesaid,“Wemakealivingbywhatweget,butwemakealifebywhatwegive.”Thesearecertainlywordsthatmillionsofvolunteers(志愿者)aroundtheworldcouldagreewith.IntheUS,AprilisNationalVolunteerMonth,whichrecognizesandthanksvolunteerswholendtheirtime,talent,andsupporttocauses(事业)theycareabout.Volunteeringmeanschoosingtoworkwithoutbeingpaidforit.Peoplewhovolunteerspendtheirtimedoingthingstheyfeelstronglyabout.Forexample,animalloversmayvolunteeratananimalsheltertohelpimprovethetreatmentandwell-beingofanimals.Forstudents,valuablelessonsmayalsobelearnedbyvolunteering.TakeAndrewMakhoul,asophomore(大二学生)attheUniversityofPennsylvania,asanexample.Makhouldidn’tspendthe2012springbreakpartying.Unlikehisclassmates,whoplannedonrelaxingafteratermofhardwork,the19-year-olddecidedtodosomethingforpeoplelessfortunatethanhimself.Hetraveledtoanorphanage(孤儿院)inGuatemalainCentralAmerica.Theorphanageisinoneofthepoorestandmostviolentpartsofthecountry,anddependsonvolunteerstostayopen.Makhouldoesn’tspeakmuchSpanish,buthefoundcommunicationwasn’taproblem:“Youcommunicatedwithlove,”accordingtoanarticleonhisuniversity’swebsite,“Youcouldseelovewhenyoulookedintheireyes.”Makhoul’sfirsttimeasavolunteeronlylastedaweek,butbytheendofthatweek,heknewhe’dbebacksoon–becausehesawloveandhope.USauthorSherryAndersononcewrote,“Volunteersdon’tgetpaid,notbecausethey’reworthless,butbecausethey’repriceless.”Andthisisperhapswhyvolunteersallaroundtheworldkeepdoingwhattheydo.WhyisWinstonChurchillmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A.Toleadinthetopic. B.Tosumupthemainidea.C.Toteachreadersalesson. D.Toinvolvereadersinastory.9.Accordingtothepassage,whyistheNationalVolunteerMonthheldintheUS?A.Tocollectmoneyforthevolunteers.B.Tooffercareaboutthecausesofvolunteers.C.Toencouragemoretobecomevolunteers.D.Toappreciatetheworkofvolunteers.10.HowdidMakhoulspendthe2012springbreak?A.Hethrewaparty. B.Herelaxedhimself.C.Hewenttoananimalshelter. D.Hevisitedanorphanage.11.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheworkofvolunteers?A.Worthless. B.Priceless. C.Highly-paid. D.Badly-needed.DWhichisbetterforEarth:anelectricorgas-poweredvehicle?Theanswertothisquestionmightseemblindinglyobvious.Ofcourseelectriccarsmustbebetterfortheenvironment,becausetheydon’tgiveoffgreenhousegasesaspeopledrive.However,electricvehicles(EVs)aren’tperfect,andtheycomewiththeirownsetofpollutingproblems.Theirbatteriesrequirealargeamountofenergytoproduce.Batteryproductionisjustonepartofanelectriccar’slifespan.AstudylookedattheentirelifecycleofanEV’semissions(排放),fromminingthemetalsforthebatteriestoproducingtheelectricityneededtopowerthem,andthencomparedthiswiththeaverageemissionsofagas-poweredvehicle.TheteamfoundthatwhenEVsarechargedwithcoal-poweredelectricity,they’reactuallyworsefortheenvironmentthangas-poweredcars.“OnlywhenconnectedtothecleanenergydoEVshaveanadvantageoverthegas-poweredcarsonagreenhousegasbasis,”saidColinSheppard,anexpertinenergyandtransportationsystems.That’swhymoreandmorecountriesaredecreasingthepowersupplyfromcoal.InChina,thenationalgridisimprovingwithmoreeffortsinrenewableenergy.Forexample,ithastwiceasmuchwindenergycapacityastheU.S.anditbuildsmoresolarpanelsperyearthananyothercountries.Sheppardhasmodelledafutureinwhichallcarsareelectric.“Wewanttounderstandwhatitmightbelikeifallpassengervehicleswereelectrified.”ThemodelsuggeststhatifallvehiclesintheU.S.wereelectric,greenhouse-gasemissionswouldbe46%lesseveryyear.Thisreductioncouldbeincreasedevenfurtherifthosevehicleswereusingatechniqueknownas“smartcharging”inwhichcarsarerechargedatchosentimes(oftenatnight)toreducethecostofelectricity.Inshort,it’sfareasiertoargueforbuyinganEVthanagas-poweredvehicle.Butwhataboutthecost?Aren’telectricvehiclestooexpensiveformostpeople?InwhichcasedoEVsgetmoreheavy-pollutedthangas-poweredcars?A.Beingpoweredonlybybatteries.B.Usingcoal-poweredelectricity.C.Startingtogiveoffgreenhousegases.D.Replacinggas-poweredvehiclesentirely.13.HowdoesSheppard’smodelshowthereductionofgreenhouse-gasemissions?A.Withadiscussion. B.Withanexamination.C.Withacomparison. D.Withaquestionnaire.14.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Chinaismakingadvancesinrenewableenergy.B.Comparedwithgas-poweredcars,EVsareatanadvantage.C.ThereisstillroomforthedevelopmentofEVs.D.It’snotachallengetochoosebetweenEVsandgas-poweredcars.15.Whatmighttheparagraphfollowingthepassagebeabout?A.Inventinggreengas-poweredvehicles.B.Developingenvironment-friendlygrids.C.Gettingridoffossilenergylikecoalandoil.D.Makingelectricvehiclesmoreaffordable.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)第三部分语言知识运用Fromthedawnofcivilization,paperrecordshavebeenamethodofkeepingtrackofimportantandnecessarydocumentation.Acommonexperiencethroughouttheworld'srecordkeepinghasbeenthenecessitytoensurethatalldocumentsarekepttogether,andnonearelost.___16___Theseincludedtyingribbonsthroughthepaper,andmeltingwaxtosecurethepapersinplace.Fornearly600years,thesewerethemethodsusedtosecurepapers.___17___In1835,amachinethatcouldmass-producestraightpinswasinventedbyHoweJ.I,anAmericaninventor.Althoughstraightpins(大头针)wereoriginallydesignedforsewingandtailoring,peoplebeganusingthemasaquickandeasywaytosecurepapers.___18___In1899hepatentedthedevice,whichconsistedofawirebentintoaparticularlyshapedhoopforthepurposeofsecuringpapers.Duringthistime,however,thepaperclip(回形针)wasnotawidelydistributeddevice.Therefore,theGemManufacturingCompanyofEnglanddevelopedamachinetomanufactureandstandardizethepaperclipdesign.___19___Todaythepaperclipisafamousinventionusedthroughoutoffices,schoolrooms,andbusinessthroughouttheworld.___20___A.Thenextpaperinventionwasthatofthestraightpin.B.Beforethepaperclip,peoplehadtobecreativetokeeppapertogether.C.Thehumbleitemonlycameintopopularusagearoundthemid-19thcentury.D.Later,inspiredbythestraightpin,NorwegianVaalerJ.cameupwiththeideaofthefirstpaperclip.E.Thismanufacturingdevelopmentallowedfortheexpansionofthemodernpaperclipworldwide.F.Beingawonderofsimplicityandfunction,thepaperclipremainsastandardofficesupplythroughouttheworldG.Therefore,fromtheearly13thcenturypeoplehadcreatedvariousmethodstoensuredocumentswerekepttogether.第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Technologynowallowsustostreamanddownloadourfavoritesongsthroughwebsitesandapps.Thismeansit'seasyto

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andplaythemusicwelike,sowecouldenjoyitwheneverandwhereverwelike.So,it'ssurprisingtoknowthatthe

22

ofsomeoldtechis

23

.

Anumberof

24

havebeenreleasingtheiralbumsonvinyl(黑胶唱片)andcassettetape.Whilethelattertechnologylacksthegooddigitalaudioqualitythatwe

25

toheartoday,initsheyday,itwasapopularwayforteenagerstoenjoyrecordedmusic.TheintroductionoftheWalkman,aportablecassette

26

,in1979meantpeoplecouldlistentomusiconthe

27

forthefirsttime.Bytheendof1989,83million

28

wereboughtbyBritishmusicfans,buttheinventionofthecompactdiskinthe1990s

29

that.

Inthefirstsixmonthsof2020,nearly65,000musiccassettesweresoldintheU.K.accordingtotheOfficialChartsCompany—doublethesalesfromthe

30

periodthepreviousyear.Althoughthisisonlyasmallfractionofoverallmusicsales,cassettetapesare

31

itemsthatcanbekeptandcollected—notstoredinthe

32

.Andtheresurgenceofthecassettehasbeenhelpedbyfamoussingerswhohaveusedthisformattoreleasetheirmusic.

Tolistentomusiconacassette,youneedatapeplayerorapersonalstereotoplayiton,butthishasn't

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thenewyoungeraudience—itsrecentpopularityseemstobemoreaboutbuyingmemorabilia(纪念品).Althoughcassetteswon't

34

streamingmediaasawayoflisteningtomusic,itdoesgotoshowhowsometech

35

dies!21.A.keep

B.make

C.access

D.release

22.A.appearance

B.existence

C.invention

D.popularity

23.A.decreasing

B.increasing

C.remaining

D.disappearing

24.A.dancers

B.musicians

C.fans

D.teenagers

25.A.expect

B.fail

C.refuse

D.agree

26.A.player

B.worker

C.ruler

D.receiver

27.A.march

B.watch

C.move

D.go

28.A.songs

B.disks

C.applications

D.tapes

29.A.stopped

B.changed

C.witnessed

D.knew

30.A.same

B.next

C.equal

D.past

31.A.worthwhile

B.valuable

C.spiritual

D.physical

32.A.television

B.cloud

C.box

D.file

33.A.attracted

B.threatened

C.prevented

D.described

34.A.kick

B.replace

C.become

D.praise

35.A.never

B.ever

C.even

D.always第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)missionreturnedtoEarthsafelyonApril16th,2022,___36___(conclude)thenationslongestmannedspaceflight.ndconductedaseriesofscientificexperimentsusingalargeroboticarmandother___37___(equip)toinstallandadjustdevices.Meanwhile,itwasthefirsttimethatafemaleChineseastronaut___38___(perform)aspacewalk.Besides,theastronauts,withthe___39___(assist)ofthestaffontheground,deliveredasciencelecture400kilometersaboveEarthtomillionsofstudents.Theyshowedviewers___40___theylivedandworkedinsidethespacestation.Theuniformcalleda“penguinjumpsuit”,___41___(special)designedtohelpthestonutsmintinthirmuslestngth,wsintodud.Thestonutslsodmonstatedduring___42___hecomparedthegrowthofcellsinartificialgravityandzero-gravit.TheShenzhouⅩⅢsspace-basedlessons,___43___(intend)topopularizespacescienceandsparkenthusiasminscienceamongoungsters,marksthestartoftheiangongClassseries.___44___itsspacestationconstructionadvancing,Chinawillshareitsbreakthroughsandstrengthencooperationwithothercountriestopushspaceexploration____45__(far)forward.第四部分:写作应用文写作(满分15分)假定你是李华,你正主持英语角活动。活动中大家以“外卖食品是否应该进校园”展开讨论。关于该问题有人赞同,有人反对,请你总结大家赞同和反对的原因,并提出自己的观点。注意:1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。参考词汇:takeoutfood外卖食品____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________读后续写(满分25分)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。Myteenageson,Jordan,alwayscomplainedabouthavingtobehomeearlierthanallhisfriends.Hewouldtellmethathewasalreadyseventeen,butstillhadacurfew(宵禁).Hebelievedhewaspracticallyanadult.Ipointedoutthathewasnotanadultashewasstillinhighschool.“Youdon’ttrustme!”heyelled.BeforeIcontinued,herolledhiseyes,slammedthedoorandwalkedaway.Isighed.HowcouldImakeJordanseethatIonlywantedtokeephimsafe?Idecidedtogoforawalk,hopingtheDecemberairwouldclearmyhead.Iopenedthefrontdoorandnearlysteppedonher:asmallblackcat,justlikeameatball.“Hi,Meatball,”Isaid,bringingherintomyarms.Iwalkedbackin,touchingherneckgently.Meatballseemedhappyenoughtocomeinthehouse,butafteranhourortwo,shesatbythedoor,meowingtogobackoutside.“Whywon’tshejuststayinwithusallthetime?”Nathan,myyoungestsonasked.Iexplainedtohimthatshewashappyherebutshelikedbeingabletocomeandgoasshepleased.“Thatmustbenice,”Jordanmutteredfromtheotherroom,complainingwhythecat,nothim,couldcomeandgo.HeevenaskedmetogiveMeatballacurfew.Meatballbecamearegular.Onenight,temperatureswereunusuallylow.Meatballstoodatthedoor,meowingtogooutside.Ishookmyheadather,afraidthatshemightfreezetodeath.Shestaredatmeandmeowedagain.Ipattedherhead,“Iknowyou’renothappy,butit’sforyourowngood.”“Mom’snotbeingmeantoyou,”Nathantoldthecat.“She’sjusttryingtokeepyoufromturningintoafrozenmeatball.”Webothlaughedathisjoke.Thenextmorning,Icouldn’tfindMeatball.Iaskedthekidsifanyonehadseenher.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Jordannodded,“Iletheroutlastnight.”_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________AsIdrovetotheanimalhospital,Jordansatintheback,holdingMeatballinsidehiscoat.________________