大学体验英语视听说教程第二册答案

大学体验英语视听说教程第二册答案Unit1Questions1.Whatisthisinterviewmainlyabout?ItisaboutMcDonald’sbusinesslessonsrevealedbyPaul.2.WhatwasMcDonald’srecentlyvotedfor?Itwasvotedoneofthebestplacestowork.3.Asidefrombeingtheauthorofthebook,whatelsedoyouknowaboutPaulfromtheinterview?HewasaformerMcDonald’sExecutive.4.WhydidPauldecidetowriteabookforotherbusinesspeopleandclients?Hewantedtoteachthembusinesslessonsbecausetheylackedbasicprinciples.5.WhatquestionisPaulconstantlyasked?"TellmehowyoudiditinMcDonald's."HomelisteningInternationalbusinessisatermusedtocollectivelydescribeallcommercialtransactions(privateandgovernmental,sales,investments,logistics,andtransportation)thattakeplacebetweentwoormorenations.Usually,privatecompanies1)undertakesuchtransactionsforprofit;governmentsforprofitandforpoliticalreasons.Itreferstoallbusinessactivitieswhichinvolvecross2)bordertransactionsofgoods,servicesandresourcesbetweentwoormorenations.Transactionofeconomicresourcesincludecapital,skills,people,etc.forinternationalproductionofphysicalgoods,andservicessuchasfinance,banking,3)insuranceconstruction,etc.Theincreaseininternationalbusinessandinforeign4)investmenthascreatedaneedforexecutiveswithknowledgeofforeignlanguagesandskillsincross-culturalcommunication.Americans,however,havenotbeenwelltrainedineitherareaand,consequently,havenotenjoyedthesamelevelofsuccessin5)negotiationinaninternationalarenaastheirforeigncounterparts.Negotiatingistheprocessofcommunicatingbackandforthforthepurposeofreachinganagreement.Itinvolvespersuasionandcompromise,butinorderto6)participateineitherone,thenegotiatorsmustunderstandthewaysinwhichpeoplearepersuadedandhowcompromiseisreachedwithinthecultureofthenegotiation.InstudiesofAmericannegotiatorsabroad,severaltraitshavebeen7)identifiedthatunderminethenegotiator’sposition,twoofwhich,inparticular,aredirectnessand8)impatience.Furthermore,Americannegotiatorsofteninsistonrealizingshort-termgoals.Foreignnegotiators,ontheotherhand,mayvaluetherelationshipestablishedbetweennegotiatorsandmaybewillingtoinvesttimeinitforlong-termbenefits.9)Inordertosolidifytherelationship,theymaychooseindirectinteractionswithoutregardforthetimeinvolvedingettingtoknowtheothernegotiator.Clearly,perceptionsanddifferencesinvaluesaffecttheoutcomesofnegotiationsandthesuccessofnegotiators.10)ForAmericanstoplayamoreeffectiveroleininternationalbusinessnegotiations,theymustputforthmoreefforttoimprovecross-culturalunderstanding.Unit2T&FT1.SaraBongiornilivedayearwithoutbuyingChinesegoods.F2.Sararefusedtobuy“MadeinChina”productsforpoliticalreasons.(It’snothingagainstChina)T3.Saradidn’treplacethebrokencoffeemakerbecauseallinexpensiveonescamefromChina.F4.Saraspent35dollarsonanon-Chinapairofshoes.(Anon-Chinapaircostthem65bucks)T5.NormallySarawouldnotspendmuchmoneyonsunglasses.Questions1.WhywasCBSNewsinvitedtothefactory?ToconvinceAmericathatChinaiscleaningupitstoymakingact.2.Whatcangiveconsumersconfidence?Goodquality.3.Howmanytimesaresupplieslikepaintchecked?Threetimes4.Howmanytoymanufactureswereshutdown?800.5.Whoelseistoblamefortheuseofcheaperleadpaint?AmericancompaniesHomelisteningToday’sleadingChinesebrandsmustlearnhowtocreateandmanagetheirbrandvalueonaglobalscale.Itistimeforthemtore-thinktheirglobalbrand1)strategy,andfollowthebestpracticesoftheworld’smostpowerfulmulti-nationalbrands.WhilewearestillseveralyearsawayfromaChinesebrandappearingonInterbrand’sBestGlobalBrands,thelessonsfromthe2)annualrankingareclear—greatbrandsknowtheirstrengthsandweaknessesandploteffectivestrategiesto3)_sustainandimprovetheirvalueinthefuture.Withthedownturnoftheglobaleconomy,thetransformationofthe“MadeinChina”labelandtheacceptanceofChinesebrandsoverseascannotbemade4)overnight.ThefirstchallengeistoimprovethequalityandsafetyofallChineseproducts.Thedefinitionandenforcementofstrict5)standardsandtheactiveengagementinenvironmentalprotectionisasocialresponsibilityforanyglobalplayer,andapre-requisiteforchangingconsumer6)perceptionsoverseas.TheChinesegovernmentcanplayaveryspecialroleinthesedifficulttimes.Leadershipmeanstakingshorttermactionstospur7)domesticdemandandenhancethecompetitivenessofexports.Butleadershipalsomeanscreatinganationalagenda—like8)innovationinJapan,designinKoreaorengineeringinGermany—thatservesasaguidinglightforChinesecompanieseagertomaketheirbrandmarkonglobalmarkets.Nowisthe9)_criticalmomentforChinesegovernmentandbusinessleaderstoconsiderthenextstageofgrowth.Thistransformationmustnotonlytakeplaceinareassuchastechnology,qualitycontrolandinternationalcooperation,butinbrandcreationandbrandmanagement.AsiancompanieslikeToyota,Sony,SamsungandHyundai10)whichhavealreadytraveledtheglobalizationpathknowthatbrandvalueisthekeytounlockingshareholdervalue.Unit3T&FT1.ArecentsurveyshowedthataveragesalariesinUScompanieshaveexperiencedthesmallestincreasethisyearinmorethan30years.T2.Ifthebossdoesn’tagreetoanegotiatedfutureraise,setadateforyournextdiscussion.F3.Ifthebosssaysthathecan’tgiveyoumoney,askforlessworktime.F4.Whentalkingwithyourbossaboutthesalaryraise,emphasizehowhardyouhavebeenworking.T5.Showingyourotherofferstoyourbosswouldbeabadidea.Questions1.DoesLakshmanAchuthanagreewiththecommondefinitionofrecession?Why?No,becausehethinks“recession”isreallyasequenceofevents.Hebelievesitisnecessarytolookatthesequenceofindicatorstodefinerecession.2.Whataretheconsequencesoffallingwages?Peoplecan’tbuythatmuchandsalesfall./Peoplespendlessandsalesfall.3.Howmanypeoplemadejoblessclaimslastweek?400,0004.Accordingtothereporter,whatsignsshowthatarecessionisactuallyinprocess?Inflationisgoingupatthefastestratein17years,whilewagesarenotkeepingup;andlastweek400,000peoplemadejoblessclaims.5.WhatisLakshmanAchuthan’sopiniononthecurrenteconomicsituation?Itisinashallowrecessionandtherearenosigns/foundationsofarecovery.HomelisteningGraduateunemploymenthasincreasedby44%in12monthsandisnowatits1)highestin12years,accordingtoresearchreleasedtoday.Some7.9%ofstudentswholeftuniversityin2008wereoutofworkinJanuary,theHigherEducationCareersServicesUnit(HECSU)found,upfrom5.5%the2)previousyear.HECSUwarnedthepicturecouldbeevenworseforthosegraduatingthisyear.Thelasttimelevelsof3)joblessnessweresohighwasin1995–96.Theresearchfoundthat4)recruitmentinthepublicsectorbuckedthedownwardgraduateemployment5)_trend,withthenumberofgraduatesentering6)_healthcareteachingandsocialworkincreasing.But7)architectureandbuildinggraduateswerehitparticularlybadly,8)_reflectingtheslumpintheconstructionindustry,withunemploymentnearlytriplingfrom2.9%in2007to8.5%forthosewholeftin2008.Theproportionofcivilengineeringgraduateswithoutajobincreasedfrom2.4%to7%.9)Theproportionofgraduatesemployedinbusinessorfinancialworkfellto7.5%,comparedwith8.7%theyearbefore.Andthenumberworkingasfinancialandinvestmentadvisersormortgageconsultantsdropped19%,withonly1,700ofthe220,065graduatessurveyedgettingthatkindofjob,comparedwith2,100in2007.10)_Amongthosewhorevealedhowmuchtheyearned,theaveragesalarywas_£19,677—up2%from2007.ButScotlandsawariseof5.6%,toanaverageof£19,953—higherthanthe£19,561reportedinthesouth-east,traditionallythehighest-paidregionafterLondon.Unit4T&FT1.ThesmallestclimatechangecanbreakthenaturalbalanceoftheGreatBarrierReef.F2.Turtlesmaybeextinctin14years.(andtheturtlepopulationisindecline.In40yearstheremaybenoneleft.)F3.Achangeofoneortwodegreeswillnotdisturbthecoralreef’snormallife.(Achangeofjustoneortwodegreescanwipeitout)F4.Coralreefscanlowerthetemperatureonhotdays.(Iftemperaturesgettoohot,coralrespondsbytryingtochangetheweather.)T5.Theprocessofbleachingwilleventuallyleadtothedeathofthecoral.Questions1.Whyisthecrown-of-thornsstarfishoneofthereef’sgreatestenemies?Becauseitcaneatthecoralalive.2.Howmanychildrencancrown-of-thornsstarfishproduceeveryyear?Sixmillion3.Whatallowsthestarfishpopulationtoexplode?Fertilizersfrominlandfarms.4.Howcanweeffectivelycontrolthenumberofcrown-of-thornsstarfish?Pickthemoffreeforinjectthemwithpoison.5.Whyhasthepopulationofcrown-of-thornsstarfishdecreasedinrecentyears?Becausethepollutionlevelshavedropped.HomelisteningThestudy,fromStanfordUniversityintheUnitedStates,makesgloomyassessmentsaboutthefuturehealthoftheworld’scoralreefs.Itfindsthatcarbondioxide1)_emissionsaremakingseawatersoacidicthatcoralreefscouldbegintodisintegratewithinafew2)_decades._Thereportstatesthatevenambitiousplanstostabilizegreenhousegasemissions,thoughtbymanytobethemain3)causeofawarmingclimate,willnotbeenoughtosavethereefs.Aboutathirdofcarbonemissionsissoakedupbytheworld’soceans,whereit4)_combineswithseawatertoformcarbonicacid.TheresearchcomesastheQueenslandstategovernmentinAustralia5)_announcesanewplantoprotecttheGreatBarrierReeffrom6)_agriculturalpollution.Theiconicreefisbeingdamagedbypesticidesandsedimentfromfarmsthatseepintowaterways.TheQueenslandgovernmentistospendan7)_extra$30,000,00toreducethishazardousrun-off.Farmersalsowillfacetougher8)_environmentalregulations.QueenslandPremierAnnaBlighsaysthatman-madethreatspresentseriouschallengestothereef,whichisaworldheritagesite.Coralreefsarecommoninwarmsouthernandequatorialoceans,andprovidehomesandfeedinggroundsforthousandsofspecies,9)_includingfishthatareimportanttothedietsofmillionsofpeopleinthedevelopingworld.InAsia,IndonesiaandPapuaNewGuineaareamongthemanycountriesthatrelyonreefstoprovidefoodandtodrawintouristseagertoexploretheocean.EnvironmentalgroupswelcometheQueenslandplantoprotecttheGreatBarrierReef.10)Farmers,however,arguethattheyhavealreadytakensignificantstepstostopthespreadofpollutantsfromtheirlands.Unit5T&FF1.BillGates,founderofMicrosoft,isnowCo-Chairoftheworldlargesteducationfoundation.(isnowCo-Chairoftheworld’slargestcharitablefoundation)F2.BillGateswasbornonOct.26th,1995.(BillGateswasbornOct.28th,1955)F3.BillGates’fatherwasalawyerandhismotherapolitician.(Hismotherwasveryengagedinpublicmatters)T4.InhischildhoodBillGateswassmarterthanmostchildren.T5.CardgamesatayoungagehelpedBillGatesdevelopacompetitivespirit.Questions1.WhatcareerdidObamaeventuallydecidetopursue?Acareerasacommunityorganizer.2.WhathadtroubledObamaformostofhislife?Racismandpoverty.3.WheredidObamamovetowork?Thecity's(Chicago)SouthSide.4.Whatdidmuchofthestruggleofpeoplewhohadbeenleftbehindinvolve?Laws5.HowdidObamapayhistuitioninHarvard?Bytakingoutheftystudentloans.HomelisteningAperson’smotivationiscombinationofdesireandenergydirectedatachievingagoal.1)influencingsomeone’smotivationmeansgettinghimorhertowanttodowhatyouknowmustbedone.Peoplecanbemotivatedbybeliefs,values,interests,fear,2)worthycauses,andothersuchforces.Someoftheseforcesare3)internal,suchasneeds,interests,andbeliefs.Othersareexternal,suchasdanger,theenvironment,or4)pressurefromalovedone.Thereisnosimpleformulaformotivation—youmustkeepanopenviewpointonhumannature.Thereisa5)complexarrayofforcessteeringthedirectionofeachperson,andtheseforcescannotalwaysbeseenorstudied.Also,ifthesameforcesaresteeringtwodifferentpeople,eachonewillactdifferently.Knowingthatdifferentpeoplereacttodifferentneedswill6)guideyourdecisionsandactionsincertainsituations.Asaleaderyouhavethepowertoinfluencemotivation.Youshouldallowtheneedsofyourpeopletocoincidewiththeneedsofyourorganization.Nearlyallpeopleareinfluencedbytheneedforjob7)_securitypromotion,raises,andapprovalfromtheirpeersandleaders.Internalforcessuchasvalues,moralsandethicsalsoinfluencethem.Likewise,theorganizationneedsgoodpeopleinawidevarietyofjobs.Ensurethatyourpeoplearetrained,8)_encouraged,andprovidedtheopportunitytogrow.Ensurethatthewayyouconductbusinesshasthesamevalues,moralsandethicalprinciplesthatyouseekinyourpeople.9)_Ifyouconductbusinessinadishonestmanner,yourpeoplewillbedishonesttoyou.Youshouldalsorewardgoodbehavior.10)_Althoughacertificate,letterorathankyoumayseemsmall,theycanbepowerfulmotivators.Therewardshouldbespecificandprompt.Donotsay,“fordoingagoodjob.”Citethespecificactionthatmadeyoubelieveitwasagoodjob.Inaddition,helpyourpeoplewhoaregood.Weallmakemistakesorneedhelptoachieveaparticulargoal.Unit6T&FF1.Mr.andMrs.Scarolafeelveryluckysincebothofthemhavetickets.(Shegotaticket.Hedidnot.)F2.ManyfansofMichaelJacksonfeelupsetthattheycan’tentertheStaplesCenter.(knowingthatIwasn’tgoingtogetin,youknow,justtobeherefortheatmosphereIlove)T3.Thenumberofpoliceofficersislargerthanatthe1984LosAngelesOlympics.F4.Accordingtothepolice,thecrowdsoutsidetheStaplesCenterarealmostoutofcontrol.(Thecrowdshavebeenrespectful,theyhavebeenorderly,noissueswiththat…)F5.FaithfulfansofMichaelJacksonhaveraisedfundstohelporganizethememorialservice.Questions1.HowmanysoccerfanswenttoGermanytosupporttheirteamforthelastWorldCup?Over100,0002.HowlongdidBritishfansstayinGermanytosupporttheirteam?Threeweeks.3.WhatarethemajorconcernsofEnglandfansaboutgoingtoSouthAfrica?Highcostsandsecurity.4.WhatdoesNeilMaclaurinsayaboutBritishfans?Theyarebigfollowersofsports./Theyareverypassionate.5.WhydidBritishfanstraveltoSouthAfricainJune2009?TosupporttheLionsRugbyTeam.HomelisteningWeallknowofcaseswherenegativefanbehaviorhasdrivensomeathletestoperformatlessthantheirbestorperhapsevenknockthemcompletelyoutofacompetition.“Athleteswanttoliveuptoahighpaying1)contractaswellasfanexpectations.ItisthesamewithOlympianswho2)strivetoliveuptoexpectations.Athletesmaysaytheyareimmunetofans,butweknowbetter.Theyareliketeenagerswhosaytheydon’tcarewhattheirparentsthink,”saidDanielL.Wann,whoheadstheAssociationforAppliedSportPsychology(AASP)SpecialInterestGrouponFandom.AccordingtoWann,therehasbeenagooddealofresearchonfansandtheirabilitytopumpupthehometeamornegatively3)impactonthevisitingteam.“Someathletesthriveunderthispressureandothersdon’t.Thisiswhereasportspsychology4)consultantcanhelp.”Wannhasbeenstudyingthepsychologyofsportsspectatorssincethemid1980s,withaparticularinterestinfanidentification(i.e.,afan’spsychologicalconnectiontoateam),spectator5)violence,andtheactionsofparentsasspectatorsatyouthsportingevents.AProfessorofPsychologyatMurrayState,Wannworkswithathletes,teachingthemhowto6)addressfanbehavior.Hehelpsthemdeveloptheirmentalabilities,whilethecoachesfocusontheirphysicalskills.“Thekeyisfor7)athletestolearntocompartmentalizewhattheypayattentionto,tobeabletotuneoutthefansbutnotthecoaches.Theyneedtobe8)selectivebetweenvaluableinformation(fromcoachesorteammates)versusnoise(fromfans).”Justasathletesareinvolvedintheirsportsforavarietyofreasons,fansaremotivatedfordifferentreasons.9)Itisimportanttorememberthatfansaredrivenbyavarietyofmotives.Youcan’tpaintthemwithonebrushstroke.Somearedrivenbytheentertainmentofthesports,somewanttoseeagoodcontest.10)Somearethereforsocialreasons,whileothersaretheretoseebeautifulplays.Unit7T&FT1.FormostJapaneseretirementmeansthestartofasecondlife.F2.ManyseniorcitizensinJapancontinueworkingmainlyduetolaborshortage.(contributetothesociety)F3.Peoplewhoworkingovernmentjobsusuallyretireattheageof55.（intheirlate50s）F4.Japan’smodelcan’tbeappliedtoChinaduetodifferentwelfaresystems.(canoffersomesuggestionstoChina)T5.SeniorcitizensinChinaaresuggestedtofindanewlifeafterretirement.Questions1.WhatpercentageofChina’populationareover65？Over8.3%2.HowdoesMrs.ZhoubenefitfromherstayatSijiqing?Thankstothetherapythere，herlegproblemhasbecomebetter.3.WhywasitnoteasyforMrs.ZhoutogetintoSijiqing?Shehadtowaitforseveralyearstogetaspotbecausedemandforaplacetherewassohigh.4.HowmanyseniorcitizensBeijingwanttoliveinanursinghome?Over3oo,ooo5.Accordingtothevideo,whatistheratioofnursinghomebedstotheseniorpopulationinChina?1.6to100.HomelisteningTraditionally,retirementcommunitiesandnursinghomeshavebeenthedestinationofseniorcitizens.ButmoreandmoreolderAmericanswanttogrowoldinfamiliar1)surroundingsTothem,thefocusisonstayingintheirownhomesandlivinginacommunitywithneighborswhohavebabiesorschoolagechildren.Itisa2)trendcalledaging-in-place.But,manypeoplerecognize,toremainintheirhomeaslongaspossible,theyaregoingtoneedsomehelp.So,theyhavejoinedagroupcalledCapitolHillVillage.Thisisafee-basedorganizationaimed3)primarilyatseniorcitizens.Itsexecutivedirector,GailKohn,organizesvolunteerstohelpmembers,andiftheyneed4)additionalservices,shemanagesareferrallistofreliable5)contractors.“Wehaveavendorandthatvendorisgoingtoprovideaserviceandthenwe6)arrangewiththevendortocallourmember,”sheexplains.Kohncoordinatesvolunteersandfinds7)reliableplumbers,electriciansandotherrepairmenforherseniorcitizenmembers.“Weaimathelpingthemdowhatneedstobedoneinorderforthemtoliveas8)comfortablyaspossible.”CapitolHillVillageisonemodelofinnovativeprogramsdesignedto9)allowseniorcitizenstoremainintheirhomesandpartoftheircommunities.WilliamDaroffofUnitedJewishCommunitiessays,“10)OurolderAmericanscanbeseenasagreatresource.Ifyoulookbackathowwedealtwithfolkswhowereaging20,30yearsago,itwasn’tverycreative,notveryinnovative.Buttoday’s70yearoldismorelikeyesterday’s50yearold.”Unit8T&FT1.Youcanfindfreesafetysoftwareontheinternet.F2.Virusesrarelychangeintonewforms.(notrarely)T3.Astomachvirusmaymakeusloseafewpounds.F4.Wecaninstallspywaretoavoidsomecomputerproblems.T5.Afirewallcanhelpusavoidsomeproblemsbroughtbytheinternet.Question1.Whatdoweneedtodowhensigningupforonlineserv