(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题突破专题六　非谓语动词 (含答案)

专题六非谓语动词-2-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅰ.单句填空1.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskofdying(die)earlybyrunning.2.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlongto

see(see)thebenefit.

3.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofriceto

improve(improve)waterquality.

4.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhilefeeding(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank’sJuergen

Voegele.5.(2018·北京卷)DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogetherto

share(share)ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.

-3-高考感悟考点归纳6.(2018·北京卷)Ordinarysoap,used(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.7.(2018·江苏卷)Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod,exceeding(exceed)theexpectednumberof12,000heldbymarketanalysts.8.(2018·北京卷)Traveling(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.9.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)Hewasjustsaying:“I’mkingofthisforest,andhereisyourreminder!”Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedmeto

stay(stay)andwatch.

10.(2018·浙江卷)Istillremembervisiting(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.-4-高考感悟考点归纳11.(2018·浙江卷)Whileregularlyeatingoutseemstohave

become(become)commonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears.

12.(2018·天津卷)IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotographstaken(take).13.(2018·天津卷)Ittookhimalongtimeto

acquire(acquire)theskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.

14.(2018·天津卷)Ididn’tmean

to

eat

(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelptrying(try)it.

-5-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.sell→selling2.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)Everyonewassilent,waittoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisandherparagraphaloud.wait→waiting3.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)Someofuswereconfidentandeagertakepartintheclassactivity;otherswerenervousandanxious.在take前加to4.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)Iwasafraidthattospeakinfrontofalargegroupofpeople.去掉that-6-高考感悟考点归纳5.(2017·全国Ⅱ卷)Whensummercomes,theywillinvitetheirstudentspickthefreshvegetables!在pick前加to-7-高考感悟考点归纳考点一

非谓语动词的形式-8-高考感悟考点归纳Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying

connected.对那些同家庭成员相隔甚远的人来说,个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面起着重要的作用。Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithoutbeing

recognized.这位影星戴着太阳镜。因此,他可以在购物的时候不被别人认出来。To

catchtheearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.为了赶上早班飞机,我们提前预订了一辆出租车并且早早起床。-9-高考感悟考点归纳考点二

非谓语动词的时态和语态1.不定式、动词-ing形式的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,就用完成式;否则,用一般式。不定式、动词-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间若是主动关系,就用主动式,否则,用被动式。要注意此处的完成式并不等同于谓语动词的现在完成时,现在完成时强调相对于现在已经完成,非谓语动词的完成式只强调动作的先后关系。Theyworkeddayandnight,sendingsuppliestothefloodareas.他们夜以继日地工作,为洪灾地区发送物资。(虽然send动作已经完成,但相对于work来说却是同时发生的,不是发生在它之前,因此不能用havingsent)-10-高考感悟考点归纳Having

spentthepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.作为交换生在香港待了一年,琳达看上去要比她的同龄人更成熟。(先在香港待过一年,然后才有看起来成熟的状态)I’msorryto

have

keptyouwaitinglong.对不起让您久等了。(先等待,然后说对不起)Therearestillmanyproblemsto

be

solvedbeforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.(问题被解决)在我们准备好长期待在月球上之前仍有许多问题要去解决。-11-高考感悟考点归纳2.beingdone所表示的时间概念并非全是正在进行。Being

exposedtothesunforsolongwilldoharmtoourskin.暴露在阳光下很长时间对我们的皮肤有害。(只强调动作是被动,并不表示动作正在进行)3.判断语态时学会找非谓语动词的逻辑主语:做定语时,被修饰的词是其逻辑主语;做状语时,句子的主语是其逻辑主语;做补足语时,句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。若是系动词则一定用主动式,非谓语形式后面接宾语也多为主动式。The

teachercamein,followingourmonitor.老师进来了,跟在我们班长后面。-12-高考感悟考点归纳考点三

非谓语动词做宾语-13-高考感悟考点归纳-14-高考感悟考点归纳-15-高考感悟考点归纳AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress,AnneBenedictwent

on

to

thankallthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后,安妮·本尼迪克特接下来感谢了所有在事业上帮助过她的人。注意动词不定式和动词-ing形式做主语或宾语时,可以用it做形式主语或者形式宾语。It’snousearguingwithhim.Ithinkiteasyto

have

donesomuchinonlyoneday.我认为仅在一天之内就做了这么多很容易。-16-高考感悟考点归纳考点四

非谓语动词做状语1.非谓语动词及其短语做状语时,可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随情况等,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是主动关系,用doing表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或进行的动作;havingdone表示do的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如果非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是被动关系,则用done,若强调这个被动的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,则用havingbeendone。Whentheclerksawakindfacewrinkledinanapologeticsmile,shestoodrootedtotheground,wonderingwhethertostayorleave.当这名职员看到一张和蔼的、带着歉意的笑纹的脸时,她站在那里不动了,不知道是该留下还是该离开。-17-高考感悟考点归纳Theteachersstoodtheretalking,surroundedbythestudents.老师们站在那里交谈,被学生围着。(Theteachers和talk之间为主动关系,Theteachers和surround之间为被动关系)Having

been

shownaroundthelab,thevisitorswenttothelibrary.被带领参观实验室后,参观者去了图书馆。(beshownaround“被带领参观”的动作完成之后,才发生went这个动作)Clearlyandthoughtfullywritten,thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.这本书写得清晰有深度,它激发了那些想寻求属于自己的答案的学生们的信心。(不强调write的动作先完成,只是强调thebook和write之间为被动关系,也就是说这里的write只表示被动,不表示完成)-18-高考感悟考点归纳表示时间关系的非谓语动词(短语)可由连词when/while引导。Whileworking,theylistenedtothesongs.工作的时候,他们听着歌。-19-高考感悟考点归纳2.做目的状语和结果状语通常用不定式,动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式一般做时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和伴随状语。不定式放句首做状语,只表示目的;做结果状语时,表示出乎意料的、令人不愉快的结果。而动词-ing形式不能表示目的,做结果状语时表示伴随谓语动词动作的发生而产生的自然结果(同时发生),有时在前面加上thus,谓语动词与动词-ing形式是因果关系。To

freeourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions,weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.要想把我们自己从身心紧张的状态下解脱出来,我们每个人都需要沉思以及内心的宁静。-20-高考感悟考点归纳3.要注意非谓语动词的逻辑主语为句子的主语。因此要注意主语前后一致。To

improve

English,hisfatherboughthimmanybooks.(×)(improve的逻辑主语为he,而不是hisfather)Walkinginthestreet,acarknockedtheboydown.(×)(walk的逻辑主语为theboy,而不是acar)4.不定式可以跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词后面做原因状语或用于too...todosth.,so...astodosth.,enough...todosth.等结构中做结果状语。Iamhappyto

meetyouhere.我很高兴在这里见到你。Theboyisoldenoughto

gotoschool.这个男孩已经到了上学的年龄了。-21-高考感悟考点归纳5.独立成分做状语,其形式不受前后文的影响。如considering...(鉴于/考虑到……);generallyspeaking(一般来说);judgingby/from...(从……来看,依据……来判断);supposingthat...(假如……);providingthat...(假如……);owingto...(由于……);speakingof...(谈及……);given...(考虑到……);providedthat...(如果……);totellthetruth(实话实说);tobehonest(老实说)等。Generally

speaking,itishotinsummerinthisarea.一般来说,夏天这个地区很热。-22-高考感悟考点归纳考点五

非谓语动词做补足语-23-高考感悟考点归纳-24-高考感悟考点归纳-25-高考感悟考点归纳注意find,leave(使……处于某种状态),keep(使……保持某种状态)后一般跟动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式做补足语,而不跟动词不定式。Whatyousaidleftmethinking.你所说的令我思考。-26-高考感悟考点归纳考点六

非谓语动词做定语1.不定式做定语不定式做定语可表示该动作尚未发生;被修饰的词为ability,chance,idea,fact,promise,attempt,belief等抽象名词时,一般用不定式做定语;不定式常用于不定代词或被thefirst/next/only/last等修饰的名词后做定语;如果做定语的不定式与被修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。Theairportto

be

completednextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.明年要竣工的飞机场将有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。Hehasachanceandhasbecomethefirstto

goabroadinourtown.他拥有一个机会而且已经成为我们镇上第一个出国的人。Hewantedtofindahouseto

live

in.他想找个房子住。-27-高考感悟考点归纳2.动词-ing形式做定语当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为主动关系时用动词-ing形式;当为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时用beingdone的形式;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为被动关系且动作已经完成时要用havingbeendone的形式,havingbeendone不做定语。动词-ing形式做定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在说话时该动作正在进行,否则就用定语从句。动词-ing形式做定语表示被修饰词的用途时,与被修饰词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。-28-高考感悟考点归纳Todaytherearemoreairplanescarryingmorepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.与以前相比,如今天空中有更多的飞机来运送更多的乘客。Thehousesbeing

builtareforthestudents.正在盖的这些房子是给学生的。Asleepingpillwillhelpyoutofallasleepquickly.安眠药会帮助你很快入睡。3.动词-ed形式做定语动词-ed形式做定语与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,表示动作已完成。及物动词的-ed形式做定语表示被动和完成,少数不及物动词的-ed形式做定语只表示完成,不表被动。Theretiredworkerissweepingthefallenleavesontheroad.这位退休工人正在扫路上的落叶。-29-高考感悟考点归纳考点七

独立主格结构独立主格结构是英语中的一个特殊短语结构,它只有逻辑上的主语(名词或代词充当)和谓语(一般用非谓语动词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语来充当),而没有语法意义上的主语和谓语,主要用于书面语中,在口语中不常用,在句子中起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,表示时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随情况等,用于修饰整个句子。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”也是独立主格结构的一种形式。-30-高考感悟考点归纳Much

time

spentsittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.大部分时间都坐在办公桌前,办公室员工普遍受到健康问题的困扰。Thetreesthereareextremelytall,some

measuringover90meters.那里的树非常高,有些高达90多米。With

nothing

to

do,theywentoutforawalk.由于无事可做,他们出去散步。-31-高考感悟考点归纳考点八

不定式的主动形式表示被动含义1.在“be+表示特征、性质的形容词+不定式”结构中,常用的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous,cheap,fit,heavy,happy,glad,sorry,lucky,surprised,angry,able,right,ready,clever,foolish,quick,slow,polite,wrong等。这类形容词往往说明产生这种特性或情绪的原因。要注意不定式中动词要用主动式,且是及物动词或是“不及物动词+介词”的形式。Heiseasyto

get

along

with.他很容易相处。-32-高考感悟考点归纳2.不定式与疑问词连用时。Idon’tknowwhat

to

do.我不知做什么。3.某些动词(如blame/seek/let)的不定式与be动词连用时。Heisto

blamefortheaccident.他应为此次事故负责任。-33-ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅠ.单句填空1.Dressed(dress)inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.2.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise

going

(go)on.

3.Tomsoundsverymuchinterested(interest)inthejob,butI’mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.4.Hehurriedtothestationonlyto

find(find)thatthetrainhadleft.

5.Therepairscostalot,butit’smoneywell

spent

(spend).

6.Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy,withadiningtablealreadylaid(lay)foramealtobecooked7.Surprised(surprise)andhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.8.“Youcan’tcatchme!”Janetshouted,running(run)away.-34-ⅠⅡⅢⅣ9.Founded(found)intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren’sloveofart.10.Finding(find)thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.11.Whenwesawtheroadblocked(block)withsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.12.Having

eaten(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tina

didn’twanttoeatthereagain.

13.Tonylentmethemoney,hoping(hope)thatI’ddoasmuchforhim.14.Whenasked(ask)forhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditinterestingandrewarding.15.Time,used(use)correctly,ismoneyinthebank.-35-ⅠⅡⅢⅣ16.Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcarwashed(wash).17.Theabilityto

express(express)anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.

18.Ihavealotofreadingsto

complete(complete)beforetheendofthisterm.

19.To

find(find)outmoreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.

20.Mr.Smith,isn’tittimeyougotdowntomarking(mark)thepapers?21.Itisdifficulttoimaginehisaccepting(accept)thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.22.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonlyto

be

told(tell)thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.

-36-ⅠⅡⅢⅣ23.Don’tsittheredoing(do)nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.24.Oursolarsystemisadropintheoceanwhencompared(compare)tothehugeuniverse.25.Doyouwakeupeverymorningfeeling(feel)energeticandreadytostartanewday?-37-ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅡ.单句改错1.Modernpeopleknowmoreabouthealth,havebetterfood,andtoliveinclearersurroundings.去掉to2.SuddenlyMary,mybestfriend,askedmetolethertocopymyanswers.去掉copy前的to3.Iwanttothankyouagainforhavemeinyourhomeforthesummerholidays.have→having4.Ilookforwardtohearfromyousoon.hear→hearing-38-ⅠⅡⅢⅣ5.Iwasoftenalittletiredafteraday’sworkandwatchTVdemandsverylittleeffort.watch→watching6.Hehadtimeforaproperbreakfastandwasstillthefirstreachthefactory.first后加to7.I’dlikeverymuchcomebutIhaveanexaminationonMe前加to8.MyparentslovemeofcourseandwilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.make前加to-39-ⅠⅡⅢⅣ9.Asweclimbedthemountain,wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.visiting→visited10.IalsosharedwithmyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.taking→taken11.Buthisparentsthinkgotocollegeismoreimportantthanplayingsports.go→going12.SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmyselfinsimpleEnglish.talk→talking-40-ⅠⅡⅢⅣ13.It’slikegoingtoahugelibrarywithouthavetowalkaroundtofindyourbooks.have→having14.Ihavesomerecordsgivingtomeasbirthdaygifts.giving→given15.InoticedMotherlookingatanearbytableoccupybyanelderlywomanandayoungcouple.occupy→occupied-41-ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅢ.语篇填空Parentsareexamplesofchildrenandchildrenaretheappleofparents.Inafamilythatattachesimportancetoeducation,parentsaretheirkids’guidingstars.Preventionisbetterthancure.Parentsmustlearn1.to

lead(lead)byexample,butleadingbyexampledoesn’tcallforperfectionbyanymeans.Thereisnogood2.using(use)toomanywords.Thelessonsthatyouteachyourchildrenby3.doing(do)thingstherightwayintheirpresencearefarmorelonglasting

-42-ⅠⅡⅢⅣItisokay4.to

be(be)wronga