高中英语语法之定语从句课件

定语从句运用定语从句必须注意三点：由关系代词或关系副词所替代的成分在从句中不能再重复出现；定语从句和简单句一样，也要求句子结构既正确又完整；从句用陈述语序。Theyaremybrothers.Ilikethemverymuch.TheyaremybrotherswhomIlikethemverymuch.TheyaremybrotherswhomIlikeverymuch.关系代词和关系副词的选择：分析定语从句的成分，若从句中缺主语或宾语，则必须用关系代词（that/who/whom/which）;若从句缺少状语，则用关系副词（when/where/why）Thisistheplace______Ioncelived.Thisistheplace_____Ioncevisited.I’llneverforgetthedays_____Iworkedwithhim.I’llneverforgetthedays_____Ispentwithhim.Thereason______hegaveuswasunacceptable.Thereason______hegaveussomanythingswasunknown.wherethat/whichwhenwhich/thatwhich/thatwhy2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedwasElephantTrunkHill.他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部.4.当先行词被thevery，theonly，thesame等词修饰时。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.这正是我要买的词典。5.当主句已有who，which等疑问代词时。Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate？站在门边的那个人是谁？6.当先行词既有人也有物时。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool.他们讨论他们记得的学校里的人和事。(二)下列情况只用which引导定语从句，不用that1.关系词前有介词时。Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年住过的房间。2.非限制性定语从句中。Hehadfailedinthemathsexam，whichmadehisfatherangry.他数学考试没有及格，这让他父亲很生气。(三)who和that的区别当先行词指人时，可以用who，也可以用that；当those指人时，只用who引导定语从句。Peopleusuallydislikethosewhoarealwayslate.人们通常不喜欢那些总是迟到的人。(四)way作先行词时，其后的限制性定语从句常由that，(in)which来引导，引导词常被省略Theway(that/which)shethoughtoftogetenoughmoneywastosellherhair.她能想到的得到钱的方法是卖掉她的头发。(六)as和which引导非限制性定语从句的异同1.as和which都可以在定语从句中作主语或宾语，代指前面整个句子，从句谓语动词用单数。Heisfromthesouth，as/whichwecanknowfromhisaccent.他是南方人，我们可以从他的口音上知道。2.as引导的非限制性定语从句可放句首，句中，句末，which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放句末。3.as有“正如...；就像...”的意思，which没有(二)关系副词引导的定语从句可以用“介词＋关系代词”来替代Thehousewhere(inwhich)Ilived10yearsagohasbeenpulleddown.我十年前住过的房子已经被拆除了。三、介词和关系代词的搭配考查在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用whom(指人)和which(指物)。(二)不定代词some，all，any，neither...＋of＋关系代词

Therearemanyapplesonthetable，someofwhicharered.桌子上有很多苹果，其中一些是红色的。(三)复合介词(常表地点)＋关系代词which(通常用逗号与主句隔开，从句用倒装语序)

Wesettleddowninasmallvillage，infrontofwhichranawindingriver.我们在一个小村庄安顿下来，小村庄的前面有一条弯弯曲曲的小河。(四)形容词的比较级/最高级＋of+关系代词

Shehasthreesons，theoldestofwhomisaPLAman.她有三个儿子，最大的一个是位解放军战士。(五)名词/数词＋of+关系代词

Therearesixtystudentsinourclass，twentyofwhomaregirls.我们班有60名学生，其中20名是女生。定语从句和状语从句、同位语从句、并列句和强调句的区分1）定语从句：从句前有先行词(n/pron)，对先行词起到限定修饰的作用状语从句：从句前没有先行词，用于说明事情发生的地点、时间、原因等。I’llneverforgetthedayswhenwevisitedLondonlastyear.I’lltellhimthenewswhenhecomesback.2）定语从句：从句前有先行词(n/pron)，对先行词起到限定修饰的作用。that充当句子成分，作宾语时可省略。同位语从句：从句前有先行词(少数n：idea,suggestion,proposal等)，对先行词的内容进行解释说明，that只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，不能省略。Thenewsthatweheardontheradiowasnottrue.Thenewsthatourfootballteamwonthematchwasencouraging.3）定语从句：与主句之间是从属关系，由关联词连接，缺了关联词从句结构不完整。并列句：两个分句是并列关系，由并列连词或分词连接，缺了连词，分句的句子结构和意思都完整。Thatisherfather,whoworksinNewYork.Thatisherfather,andheworksinNewYork.选择适当的关系代词或关系副词填空，有的需加介词。1.HisauntisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,_____isthebestmonththere.2.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthose______weretrapped.3.HisfactoryproduceshalfamillionMP4everyyear,80%______aresoldabroad.4.Abookingofficeisaplace_____ticketsaresold.5.Wearelivinginanage_____manythingsaredoneoncomputer.whichwhoofwhichwherewhen6.He,____justheardthenewsofhisfather’sdeath,burstintotears.7.Ihopethedisaster______killedsomanypeoplewillneveroccur.8.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivors_______homeshadbeendestroyed.9.Passmetheenvelope______Iwillattachthestamp.10.Hefinallyfoundhissister________hehadlosttouchfornearlytwentyyears.whowhich/thatwhosetowhichwithwhom5.请递给我那本绿皮的书。___________________________________________________________6.去年夏天，我参观了人民大会堂(thePeople’sGreatHall)，在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议(conference)。________________________________________________________________________________________7.我想要一间窗户面向大海的房间。_____________________________________________________________8.他没来上学的原因是他病了。_____________________________________________________________Pleasepassmethebookwhosecover/thecoverofwhichisgreen.Lastsummer,IvisitedthePeople’sGreatHall,wheremanyimportantconferencesareheldeveryyear.I’dlikearoomwhosewindow/thewindowofwhichfacesthesea.Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tcometoschoolisthathewasill.9.他们将坐飞机去华盛顿，并计划在那儿逗留两三天。_________________________________________________________________________10.植物的生长速度(growingspeed)受多种因素影响，其中大多都是人力所不能及的(beyondone’scontrol)。________________