2020届北京市朝阳区高三一模英语试题(解析版)

北京市朝区高三年级考练习一英语试题（考试间分钟分120分本试卷页。考生务将答案答在题卡上在试卷上作无效。第一部：知识运用共两节45分）第一节语法填（共10小题；每小1.5分,共分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写个当的单词，在给提词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Withourgraduationdayaroundthecorner,busypreparingpresentsforfriends.Asusual,Iwalkedintotheclassroom,only

___1___

(find)boxstandingthere.Approaching,Iname

___2___

(write)onit.wasquiteshockedwhen

___3___

(open)saw“myselfastatue,sittinginsidesmilingupatme.wasacompletelossforwords.Itwasunique,unconventionalpresentmylife.【答案】tofind

written/waswrittenwasopened/opened【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了即将毕业，“我”在给朋友们准备礼物，当“我”走进教室却发现一个大箱子站在那里，里面是自己的雕像，这是对“我”来说最特别最珍贵的礼物了。【题解】考查动词不定式。句意：像往常一样，我走进教室，却发现一个大箱子站在那里。分析句子可，此处应用动词不定式作结果状语onlytosth.是个比较特殊的不定式结构，常用于表示一种意想不的结果。故填to。【题解】考查时态和语态非谓语动词。此动词与其逻辑主语name”间是被动关系，所以可以用过去分词作后置定语；动词saw后以加句子，根据文的时态用一般过去时可知，此处也用一般过去时，所以此处也可以用was。填written/was。【题解】考查时态和语态。此处动词open与逻辑主thebox”间是被动关系，根据全文时态用一般过去时可知，此处也用一般过去时，所以此处可以用，表示箱子被打开了；也以理解为箱子主动开了，用主动形式，时态用一般过去时，即opened。填opened/opened。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写个当的单词，在给提词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AnalysisfindsEarth’s有性的)fieldwasinplaceatleast3.7billionyearsasearlyarose.Scientiststhinkhavingamagneticfield___4___(make)Earthmorefriendlylife.Thefield,___5___isgeneratedbyliquidmovingaboutintheplanetcore,protects___6___energetic粒)flowingfromtheSun.helpstheplanetholdontoitsatmosphereandmaintainliquidwateronsurface.【答案】

makes5.

which

6.

from【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了磁场对地球的好处。【题解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：科学家认为有磁场使地球对生命更加友好。根据前面的“”知，时态用一般现在时从句的主语“havingamagnetic”单数所以动词用第三人单数形式填makes。【题解】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子可知，这是一个非限制性定语从句，且空格处在从句中作主，所以用which引该从句。故填。【题解】考查介词。protect是定短语，意为“保护……不受……”。故填from。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写个当的单词，在给提词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Doyouhaveamentor(导)helpingdecisionsyourlife?Ifyoudo,thenyouareaveryluckyperson.___7___ifnot,thenreadthebookTuesdayswithMorrie.Ittellsthestoryoftheauthor,Albom,andhisdyingformerprofessor,Morrie___8___youreadthisbook,youwilllearnsomeverymeaningfullessonsfromaprofessorLouGehrig’sdisease.WhenMitchvisitsMorrieeveryTuesday,the-year-professorshareswordsof___9___(wise)aboutlove,communication,values,opennesshisformerstudent.Asabeautiful___10___manypowerfullessonsaboutlife,bookshouldbehighoneveryone’sreading【答案】But

8.

As/When/Once/If/After9.

wisdom

10.

delivering【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了《相约星期二》这本书的主要内容。【题解】考查连词。根据空格前的you”和空格后的not”可知，空格前后之间是转折关系，应用转折连词but故填But。【题解】考查连词介词意读这书将从一位死于卢格里格病的教授身上学到一些非常有意义教训。根据空格后的句意和语境可知，此处可以用as“……时”或when当……时”或once“旦”或“果”或after“…之后”。填As/When/Once/If/After【题解】考查词性转换。介词of后名词，所以此处用名词形式。故填wisdom。【题解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于一个美丽的故事传递许多关于生活的强有力的教训，这本书应该每个人的阅读清单上的顶端。分析句子可知，该句的谓语动词是be，所以此处应用非谓语动词；词deliver与tale之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填delivering。第二节完形填（共20小题；每小1.5分，共30分）阅读下短文，掌握大意，每题所给的BC、四个项中，选出佳选项并在答题卡将该项涂黑Gidda’sTeamThedoorclosedbehindMalik,makingMimefordinner.WillyouGidda,please?”GiddawasstayinginMalik’sbedroom.Hedidn___12___givinguphisroomforhis--oldgrandmotheratfirst.Butthenshedidnleave.Malikoverhersuitcaseonthe“Sorry,”Giddasaid.’mjustanuisance(讨的)here.I’m___14___didnashehelpedherfromherchair.Atdinner,MamaaskedMalik,’s___15___withthecoach?Malikwascaptainofschoolsoccerteam,hehadtodiscussfundraiserwiththecoach.’dtoraisehundredsofdollarsto___16___theiroldshirts,andthatseemedunlikelyunlessMalikwith___17___plan.Unwillingly,said,justteamChanging___18___MalikturnedtoGidda.“Doyouwanttogositoutsideafterdinner?Giddaagreed.Inthesoftwarmthoftheevening,Giddasettledherselfbeneaththe无果tree.“Feelslikehome,sheBut___19___“Itdropsfigseverywhere.”Rightthen,figlandedhishead.Giddalaughed,pickeditup,andtooka___20___“Perfect.mebunch.Imakefigcakes.Thenextmorning,MalikfoundGiddafigcakesinthekitchen.SheofferedhimMalik,hopingwasnawful,puthismouth.Hiseyes___21___aswasdelicious.theinbackyard.Howmanycakescouldit

___22___Malikgrabbedhisphonestartedinarushexcitement.Anhourlater,mostofthesoccergatheredinthekitchen,andateupcakes.“Gidda极的FigCakes!”Malik“We__24___them!Giddasaidtheyweretomake;she

___25___us”Atdinnerthatnight,GiddasharedtheirplanwithMama,asrepeatedtheonher,“TeamGrandmother.”Thenextthekitchenwasfullof___27___Walkingslowlyamongtheexcitedboys,taughtmakecakes.thefigcakespiledup.As___28___FabulousFigCakeswerehitandtheyquicklysoldout.thenew___29___arrivedjustintimefortheopeningCoachGarciainvitedtowatch.Shearrivedearly,andwavedMalik.Thenshe___30___offshirt.OnweretheTeamGrandmother.A.A.allowA.A.uselessA.training

B.fetchB.enjoyB.handedB.unluckyB.appointment

C.visitC.considerC.trippedC.scaredC.negotiation

D.serveD.mindD.turnedD.nervousD.meetingA.buyA.A.planA.repeatedA.pictureA.widenedA.A.A.presentA.A.A.tensionA.A.socksA.back

B.replaceB.randomB.attitudeB.reportedB.testB.B.donateB.textingB.sendB.B.politelyB.hopeB.predictedB.bootsB.away

C.ironC.originalC.subjectC.explainedC.biteC.focusedC.deliverC.shoutingC.sellC.chooseC.shylyC.praiseC.C.uniformsC.down

D.D.personalD.wayD.complainedD.breakD.D.D.thinkingD.reserveD.writeD.bitterlyD.energyD.identifiedD.glovesD.around【答案】11.B12.D13.C14.A15.D16.B17.A18.C19.D20.C21.A22.A23.B24.25.B26.A27.D28.B29.C30.D【解析】本文是一篇记述文。文章主要讲述了吉达和马利克的团队通过制作无花果蛋糕捐钱更换他们的制服参加比赛的故事。【题解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：请你去接吉达好吗A.watch观，看守B.fetch请，吸引；visit拜；D.serve招，务于。由上一句timefor”可知，此处表示请吉达吃饭。故选。【题解】考查动词词义辨析意一始不介意把房间让给82的祖母allow允许enjoy享consider考虑；mind介。由下文Butthenshe’tleave.”结合语境可知，开始他不介意把房间让给82岁的祖母。故选D项【题解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：马利克在地板上被手提箱绊倒了A.looked看，注意；递，交给；C.tripped倒，跌倒D.turned转动。由下文Sorry,”said可，此处指马利克在地板上被手提箱绊倒了。故选项。【题解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我无用useless无的B.unlucky不运C.scared害的D.nervous紧张的。由上一句“’ma讨的人here.”知，吉达认为自己无。故选项【题解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你和教练的会面怎么样了A.training训；约；negotiation谈判；meeting会。由下文中的hehadtodiscussafundraiserwiththe”知，马利克跟教练见面商量筹款人的事情。故选D项16题解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们不得不筹集数百美元来更换旧衬衫，除非马利克想出一个绝妙计划，否则这似乎不太可能A.购买B.replace更换替换C.iron熨D.abandon抛由格后的“theirold”下文thenew______arrivedjusttimefortheopening”可知，此处指他们不得不筹集数百美元来更换旧衬衫。故选。【题解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们不得不筹集数百美元来更换旧衬衫，除非马利克想出一个绝的计划，否则这似乎不太可能A.brilliant绝的；random机的，任意的；original原的；D.personal个人的。由上文“unlikelyunlesscameupwitha(n)并结合语境可知，此处表示除非马利克想出一个绝妙的计划，否则这似乎不太可能。故选A项【题解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：转移话题，马利克转向吉达A.plan计；attitude态度C.subject话；D.way方。由上文Unwillingly,Maliksaid,“It’sjustteam合文容可知，此处指马利克转移话题。故选C项。【题解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但马利克抱怨说：“它到处都是无花果。A.repeated重；reported报告；C.explained解D.complained抱怨。由空格前的”空格后的dropsfigs”知，此处指马利克抱怨说道。故选D项【题解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：吉达笑了，拿起它，咬了一口A.picture照，图画B.test测；bite咬D.break休。由下文“Perfect.Pickmeabunch.’llmakefigcakes.”并结合语境可知，吉达笑了，拿它，咬了一口。abite意“吃一口”。故选C项【题解】考查动词词义辨析句他嚼边睁大眼睛A.widened放宽睁B.移C.focused使焦；D.opened开由下文Itwasdelicious.thetreethebackyard.”知此处表示因为好吃所以他边嚼边睁大眼睛。故选项。【题解】考查动词词义辨析。它制作多少无花果蛋糕A.produce生；donate捐赠；deliver递，交付；exchange交换。由上文的“’llmakefigcakes.”结合语可知，马利克问用它能制作多少无花果蛋糕。故选A项【题解】考查动词词义辨析句意马克拿起手机兴奋地发短信running跑B.texting发信C.shouting吼叫；thinking想考。由上文Malikgrabbedhis”下“hourlater,mostofthesoccergatheredinthekitchen,andateup”结合语境可知，兴奋地发短信。故选项。【题解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们会卖掉它们A.present赠，颁发B.send寄派遣；sell卖销售；D.reserve预。由下文theyquicklysold”结合语境可知，此处指卖掉它们。故选C项【题解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：吉达说它们很容易做，她会教我们怎么做的A.prepare准备；show展示；C.choose选；write写。由下文Giddataughtthemmakefig”结合语境可知，此处指她会教“我们”怎么做无花果蛋糕。故选B项【题解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上的晚餐上，吉达和妈妈分享了他们的计划，她骄傲地微笑，重复着马利克给她的头衔：“团队祖母”proudly骄傲地B.politely礼地C.shyly害地D.bitterly悲地。由下文theMalikgaveonher,‘TeamGrandmother结合语境可知，此处指她骄傲地微笑着。故选A项。【题解】考查名词词义辨析意二里充满了活力tension紧希praise赞energy活力。由下文Walkingslowlytheexcited”结合语境可知，此处指厨房里充满了活力。故D项。【题解】考查动词词义辨析意如利克预测的那样达无花果蛋糕非常畅销快卖完了promised承诺；predicted预；announced通告D.identified识。由上文Maliksaid.‘We______them!并结合可知，正如马利克预测的那样，吉达的无花果蛋糕很快就卖完了。故选B。【题解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当新制服刚好赶上首场比赛时，加西亚教练邀请吉达观看比赛socks袜子；B.boots靴uniforms制gloves套上文They’dhavetoraisehundredsofdollars______theiroldshirts”可知，新制服刚好赶上首场比赛故选项【题解】考查动词短语辨析句意后转过身来炫耀她的衬衫“回走挡”“避开”；turn“绝，关小”turnaround“身”。由下文“thebackwerethewordsGrandmother.”可知，此处指她转过身。故选D项第二部：阅读理解共两节40分）第一节共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下短文，从每所给的、B、C、四个项中，选出佳选项并在答题卡上该项涂。AMusicforLifeLearningmusicisimportantfortheeducationalandpersonalofyoungpeople!Learninganinstrument:howdopupilschoose?Allourteachersarehighlyqualifiedexperiencedmusicians,pupilslearntoplayarangeofinstruments,fromthekeyboardtodrums(鼓.opendayswhennewpupilswhoareunsurewhichinstrumentchoosecometocentre.Theyareabletospeaktoteachersaboutwhichinstrumentmightbebestforthem,theyalsohearclassesinaction.Whoresponsibleforbuyingtheinstruments?Parentsusuallyhaveprovideinstruments.parentsofbeginnersareadvisedtobuyaninstrumentuntiltheyarethataplaceisavailable.Theyshouldalsoouttheteacherthemostsuitableofinstrumenttoget.wheredolessonstakeplace?Lessonsareavailableinmanyschools,usuallyduringtheday.Iftherenolessonavailableforaparticularinstrumentaparticularschool,arrangementscanbemadeatoneofmusiccentresforlessonsSaturdayafternoonsorweekdayevenings.Howarepupilstaught?Pupilslearninsmallgroups,inclassesorindividually,dependingontheirneeds.Smallofthreepupilslessonsthatlastthirtyminutes.Classlessonslast-fiveminuteshaveatleasttenpupils.Individualofferedonlypupilswhoexperience.Startingyoung:whenpupilsbegin?Childrenaretooyoungtointerestedmusic.special“MusicalYouthclassesforchildrenfromtheto8.Thesearedesignedencourageyoungchildrentoenjoymusicthroughvarietyofactivitiesincludingsinging,musicalgames,listeningmovement.“MusicalYouth”classesplaceSaturdaymorningswithgroupsaboutchildren.Aparentotheradultmustattendeachsession,theyencouragedtowiththeirchildrenhelpthemtheactivities.31.welearnfromthepassage?Newpupilsseeclassesonanday.PupilslearnspecialinstrumentsonSundays.Parentsaccompanypupilsduringthelearningprocess.Teachersatthecentreprovidetheinstrumentsforpupils.32.thebestchoiceforchildrenwithexperience?A.Lessonsforgroupsoften.C.Lessonsforsmallgroupsthree.33.Thepassageisintendedfor_____.A.teachersC.musicians【答案】31.A32.33.B

B.Individuallessons.D.Special“MusicalYouthclasses.B.parentsD.pupils【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了父母应该如何给自己的孩子选择学习乐器以及课程的详细容。【题解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的Wehaveopendayswhennewpupilswhoareunsurewhichinstrumenttochoosecancometocentre.Theyabletospeakteachersaboutwhichinstrumentmightbestforthem,andcanalsohearclassesin”知，新来的学生可以在开放日听课。故选。【题解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句Individualofferedonlypupilswhosome”可知，对有经验孩来说，单班课是最好的选择。故选项【题解】的推理判断题观文其最后一句parentotheradultmustattendeachsession,theyencouragedtowiththeirchildrenhelpthemtheactivities.”知，这篇文章的目的是给父母介绍如何给自己的孩子选择学习乐器。故选B项BNenadSestanwasworkinginhisofficeoneafternoonin2016,whenheheardhislabmemberswhisperingexcitementovermicroscope.Herealizedsomethingbeyondtheirexpectationswashappening.Theresearchers,SchoolofinHaven,Connecticut,foundelectricalactivitybrainstakenfrompigs.Withthatshockingresult,Sestanrealizedwhatstartedasasideprojecttotobetterpreservebrainforresearchchangedintoadiscoverythatcouldredefineunderstandingoflifeanddeath.Theexcitementturnedconcern,theresearchersthoughttheysawwidespread,consistentelectricalactivitywhichindicateconsciousness(意).Sestanbroughtinneurologist,determinedthereadoutactuallyerror,thepossibilityfrightenedthem.Sestankepthiscoolimmediatelydidthings:shutdowntheexperimentcontactedtheUSNationalInstitutesofHealthaswellasa生伦理学)Overthenextfewmonths,expertsdiscussedthepotentialethicalimplications,aswhetherthebrainsbecomeconsciousandwhetherphysicianstoreconsiderthedefinitionbraindeath.TheysubmittedtheworkNature.beforethefinalpaperpublished,Sestanmetsharpcriticismthepress.Somesuggestedthattheresearcherswereengineering永)ormaintainingfulloflivingjars.Neitherhenorhisteamwantedtodiscusstheresultsuntilthepaperwasout,theirinboxesfilledwithconcernsandangeranimalrightsactivistsfuturists,Sestanbecamedepressed.Hefelttheycoulddo,however,wastoholdoffoncorrectingmisunderstandingsuntiltheexpertreviewprocesshadrunitscourse.SincepaperpublishedApril,2019,theteamsobusyfieldingquestionsthemediaandscientiststhathasnperformedanyfurtherexperiments.Sestanwantstofocusonoriginalquestionsandexplorehowlongthebrainscanbemaintainedwhetherthetechnologycanpreserveotherorgans.getoutsideopinionbeforewedoanything,”Sestansays.“Whenyouexploreunchartedterritory,youtoextremelythoughtful.”34.inthelabSchoolofinAbettermethodwasmaintainbraintissue.Researchersdiscoveredtoredefinebraindeath.Brainsfromdeadpigsaccidentallydiscoveredalive.Researchersarrivedattheexpectedresultsofexperiment.35.WhydidNenadSestanstoptheexperiment?Heassistancewiththefinalpaper.Hespottedmajormistakeinthefinalresult.Hefrightenedbypossibilityoffailure.Heconcernedabouttherelatedmoralissues.36.waspeople’sreactiontowardsNenadSestanexperiment?Thepresswerestronglyopposedtotheexperiment.Somepeoplesupportedtheresearchimmortality.Nobodytodiscusstheresultinadvance.Thepublicpositiveattitudetowardstheexperiment.37.couldbestdescribeSestan?A.Responsibleandreliable.C.Determinedandinspiring.

B.Cooperativeandcreative.D.Professionalandcautious.【答案】34.C35.D36.37.D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了研究员尼纳德塞斯坦在做实验时意外发现死猪的大脑还活，专业并谨慎地研究最后获得成功的事情。【题解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Theresearchers,SchoolofinHaven,Connecticut,hadfoundelectricalactivityinbrainstaken”知，2016年耶鲁大学医学院的实验室里，研究员意外发现死猪的大脑还活着。故选C项【题解】细节理解题。根据第二、三段内容和第四段中的Overthenextfewmonths,expertsdiscussedthepotentialethical”知塞斯坦识到初作为一个旨在寻找更好地保存脑组织以供研究的方法的附带项目，已经转变为一个可以重新定义我们对生与死的理解的发现；当研究人员认为他们看到了泛而一致的电活动，这些活动可以显示意识时，兴奋很快就变成了担忧，在接下来的几个月里，专家们论了潜在的道德影响。由此可推知，塞斯坦停止实验是因为他担心相关的道德问题。故选D项【题解】细节理解题。根据第五段第二句Butbeforethepaperwaspublished,Sestanmetsharpcriticismfromthepress.”知，在最后一篇论文发表之前，塞斯坦遭到了体的尖锐批评。故选A项。【题解】推理判断题。根据文中的Sestanbroughtinaneurologist,determinedthereadoutactuallyerror,thepossibilityhadfrightened”“kepthiscoolandimmediatelydidtwothings:heshutdowntheexperimentandcontactedtheNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH),aswellasaYale生物伦理学家”以及最后一段中的“youexploreunchartedterritory,toextremely可知，塞斯坦是一个专业和谨慎的人。故选D项CAbutterfly’swingscanmanyjobsbesideskeepinginsecthighuptheTheymaybeusedtoattractmates,ortowarnpotentialattackerstostayAlloftheseroles,though,dependontheirunchangingcolouration.Thisplaysintoideabutterflywingsaredeadtissue,likeabird’sfeathers.Inthat’snottrue.Forexample,insomespecies’havespecialcellsreleasingsomechemicalswhichattractfemales.NanfangYu,aphysicistColumbiaUniversity,inYork,haslookingintomatter.TogetherwithNaomiPierce,abutterflyspecialistatHarvardUniversity,heshown,inapaperpublishedNatureCommunicationsinFebruary,2020,thatbutterflyare,indeed,muchalive.Intheirexperiments,thetworesearchersa激)toheatupspotsonofdozensbutterflyspecies.thetemperatureofareaunderthelaserreached40°Corso,insectsrespondedwithinsecondsbydoingthingsthatstoppedtheirwingsheatingupfurther.Theseactionsincludedabutterflyturningaroundtominimizeprofilethemovingitswingsorsimplywalkingaway.Butterfliesinalloftheseminimisingactivitiesevenwhentheresearchersblindfoldedthem.Thatsuggestedrelevantsensorswereonthethemselves.DrYuandDrPiercethereforesearchedthosewingsforlikelylookingsensorycells.Theyfoundsome,inof神元thatweresimilartoheatdetectorsknownfromotherinsects.Theyalsouncovered-shapedcellsappearedtosimilartopressure-sensitiveneurons.guessthatthesearetheretodetectdeformationofwing—informationinsectcouldusetocontrolitsflightpattern.Thethirddiscoverytheymadetocontradict“deadwingideawassomebutterflyhaveaheartbeat.Abutterfly’swingshave静脉)carryabloodlikeliquidwhich,researchershavenowinmales,showsa脉)ofseveraldozenbeatsminute.sourcethispulseappearsthe气味pad,adarkspotthewingsproducesthe-attractingchemicals.Apparently,this“wingheart”actsasapumpthatbloodlikeliquidthroughthescentpad.Inalltheirexperimentssimulatingdifferentenvironmentalconditions,DrPierceconsistentlythat,differentpartsofthearecoveredbydifferentof鳞)Inparticular,tubespassthroughscalesoverthescentpads.Thisimprovestheirabilitytospreadheatawayandhelpskeepthepartsofabutterfly’swingsalive.38.bird’sfeathersinParagraphto_____.introducelatestresearchfindingsonabirdhighlightthespecialfeatureofbirdfeathersshowknowledgeaboutbutterflywingsstressthedifferenceabutterflyabird39.welearnfromandPierce’sexperiments?ButterflywingsarecomplicatedlivingButterflywingshavereactionexternalThescentonbutterflywingsaretheirhearts.Heat-activitieshelpdetectdeformationofthewings.40.thefunctionofscalesthepads?A.Attractingmates.C.Coveringpowerfultubes.

B.Increasingbloodflow.D.Producingthecoolingeffect.41.ofthefollowingwouldbethebestforthepassage?A.SeeingIsBelievingC.Seek,NothingFind

B.MoreThanMeetsEyeD.FeathersMakeFineBirds【答案】38.C39.A40.D41.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了蝴蝶的翅膀除了能让其在空中飞得很高外，还有许多功能并文中详细介绍了这些功能，旨在告诉我们有些事情并不像看到的那样简单。【题解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的Thisplaysintotheideathatbutterflywingsaredeadtissue,likeabird’sfeathers.Infact,that’snottrue.example,insomespeciesmales’havespecialcellsreleasingchemicalsattractfemales.可知，第一段提到鸟的羽毛是为了说明蝴蝶翅膀的常识。故选C项【题解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Inalltheirexperimentssimulatingdifferentenvironmentalconditions,DrandDrPierceconsistentlythat,differentpartsofarecoveredbydifferentof鳞屑”可知，从DrYu和Pierce的验中我们可以知道蝴蝶翅膀是复杂的活器官。故选项。【题解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Inparticular,tubespassthroughscalesoverscentThisimprovestheirabilitytospreadheataway”可知，气味垫上的鳞片的作用是生冷却效果。故选D项【题解】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了蝴蝶的翅膀除了能让其在空中飞得很高外，还有多功能，并文中详细介绍了这些功能。由此可推知，本文主要的目的是告诉我们有些事情并不像看到的样简单项意为“眼见为实”意为“超出所见并不像看到的那简单”项意为“无所求所获”；D项为人要衣佛要金装”。故选B项DFactorFiction?Non-fictioncanbebrokendownintomanycategories.Onecategoryisliteraryfiction,infactbutsomeofthestorytellingelementsthatfictionuses.Literary-includesatypeof自)calledmemoir.mostoftenfocusesonacertainperiodofauthor’sis,definition,rootedtruth.peoplequestionwhethermemoirshouldcategorizedasfictionAsnon-intendedtobefactual.Isthisreallythecase,though,consideringmemoirreliesonhumanOneclassicstudy,ledbypsychologistElizabethLoftus,showedhoweasilyaninterviewer’schoiceofwordingcaninfluenceaneyewitness’saccountofatrafficaccident.Itthereforereasonabletowonderwhethershouldcontinuebrandedasfiction.Certainly,humancanbeunreliable.However,amemoirauthorundoubtedlywritingaboutsignificantandimpactfulevents.Memoriesofsucheventsareactuallymorereliablethanothers.Studiesshowthatinfluentialaneventthemoreaccuratelypeoplerecallthedetails.emotionallychargedeventunfolds,theactivitychangesinawayamplifiessmalldetails.Thisactivityhelpsamorepreciseandaccuratememory.Ofcoursethebrainisnotthatcan“save”memoryperfectaccuracy.ifmemoirquestionabletoimperfectionsofmind,thencriticswillhavetotackle-morebroadly.Allwritersusingtheirmemorieswhentheycreate,andmoreover,arerelyingonthememoriesothers.Journalistsconductinterviewstellanewshistorywritersdependtheaccuracyofaccountslongago.theyrightfullyfallundertheumbrellaoffiction.Somepeoplemaydoubtnotbecausetheymistrusthumanmemory,butbecausetheymistrusttheauthormorality.Criticsmaysuspectauthorofmakingupevents.However,thereisnoreasontobesuspiciousofmemoirauthorintentions.Writingafactualmemoirthatappealsreadersthepotentialtobeprofitableforauthor,andtherenomotivationforamemoirwritertoknowinglychangeorbeautifytheLookingbeyondtheauthorlifeevents,informreadersabouttheworldinthesamewaythatothernon-can.Memoirhasawayofrelayingfactsaboutanythinganoccupationtobrieffashiontrends,allofitmeaningfultheauthor.42.TheauthorintroducesthetopicParagraph1_____.illustratingwhyitimportanttalkaboutmemoirlistingsomeinterestingfactsandfeaturesofdefiningkeytermsthatarediscussedlaterinthepassagemakingacomparisonbetweenautobiographyand43.doesunderlined“amplifies”inParagraphprobablyA.Collects.

B.Ignores.C.Enlarges.

D.44.Welearnfrompassagethat_____.criticsarguethatanewsstorybyajournalistisfictionaauthor’smemorycaninfluencedbytheintervieweesmemoircanshowreadersfactsaboutwhatanauthorexperiencedemotionalcancausethecreationofdetailed45.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorbelieves_____.theprofitablearethoseshowntobethemostfactualauthorsuntrustworthy,althoughmemoirsare-basedmemoirrightfullycategorizedundertheumbrellaofliterary-fictionistoounreliableformemoirconsideredatypeof-fiction【答案】42.C43.C44.45.【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了非小说的分类，并且作者认为回忆录在文学非小说的保护下被合理地分类。【题解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的Onecategoryliteraryfiction,basedinfactsomeofthestorytellingelementsthatfictionuses…Itis,bydefinition,rootedin”知，作者通过定义本文后面讨论的关键术语来介绍第1段中的主题。故选C项【题解】词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句Thisactivityhelpsbuildpreciseaccurate”知，这项活动有助于建立更精确和准确的记忆；再根据划线词所在句中的“

amplifiessmall”知，此处amplifies应为“放大”，与意思相近。故选C项【题解】细节理解题第段中的Studiesthatinfluentialaneventthemoreaccuratelypeoplerecallthedetails.Asanemotionallychargedeventunfolds,theactivitychangesinawayamplifiessmall”研究表明，一个事件的影响力越大，人们对细节的回忆就越准确。当一个充满感情的事件展开，大脑活动的变化会放大一些小细节。由此可知，情绪化的瞬间可以创造出更详细的记忆。故选D项【题解】细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句Yetallrightfullyundertheumbrellaof”知，然而，它们（回忆录）都理所当然地落入非小说的保护伞之下。由此可知，作者认为回忆录在文学非说的保护伞下被合理地分类。故选C项第二节共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短内容，从短后的七选项中选出填入空处的最佳选。选项有两项为多选项。WhatYourNoseKnowsYoursensesmellenrichesexperienceoftheworldaroundyou.Differentscentscanchangeyourortransportyoubacktodistantmemory.Yourabilitytosmellalsoplaysarolein___46___Thethingswesmellareactuallythetiny分)releasedbysubstancesaroundus.Whenwebreathethesemolecules,theystimulatespecializedsensorycellsinsidenose.___47___Butagivenmoleculecanstimulateacombinationthesereceptors,creatinguniquerepresentationinbrain.Weperceivethatrepresentationasmell.___48___不气的noseharmlessgrowthinthenosecanblockairandthusscentsfromreachingthesensorycells.Certainmedications,likesomebloodpressurecanchangesmell,buttheseeffectsareusuallytemporary.Yoursmellshouldcomeonceyourecoveredorstoppedthemedication.Butsomethingscancausealong-lastinglossofsmell.Ainjuryvirus,forexample,cansometimesdamagenervesrelatedtosmell.___49___toDavangereDevanand,experton经变性的diseasessmellloss,mainreasonappearsthatfunctioningofthebrainregionsinvolvedinsmellbecomesdamagedaswegrowolder.Butproblemsyourabilitytosmellmaythanaging.beearlyofserioushealthconditions,suchasParkinsondiseaseorAlzheimerdisease.Devanandgroupstudyingtherelationshipsbetweensmelldysfunctionandcertaindisease.Researchersarealsolookingfortoavoidsmellloss.SomestudiessuggestthatsmelltrainingmayyouimproveyourabilitydistinguishidentifyButthequestionremainstowhetherandhowthismightwork.thingscausesmellPeoplemaylosttheirabilitytosmellbeforenoticeit.Eachofthesesensorycellshasonlyonetypescentreceptor.Itmayyourbrain’sabilitytointerpretlowlevelsofscents.Aspeoplegetmanycouldn’tidentifycertainkindsmell.Ifyourabilitysmelldeclines,itaffectphysical-beingandeverydaysafety.Andwithage,thereadeclineinabilitysmelltosomeextentthebutmuchmoretheitself.【答案】46.F47.C48.A49.50.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了嗅觉能力对健康起着关键作用，很多东西会导致嗅觉丧失，着年龄的增长，与嗅觉和记忆有关的大脑区域功能受损。【题解】根据前一句Yourabilitytosmellalsoplaysarolein可知，你的嗅觉能力对你的健康也起着关键作用项如果你的嗅觉能下降会影响你的身体健康和日常安全”承接上文项的“Ifyourabilityto”与前面的Yourabilitytosmellalsoplaysakey相应，符合语境。故选。【题解】根据前一句“Whenwebreatheinthesemolecules,theystimulatespecializedsensorycellshighinsidethe可知当们吸入这些分子时它们会刺激鼻子里的特殊感觉细胞根后一句Butagivenmoleculestimulateacombinationofthesereceptors,creatingauniquerepresentationinbrain.”知，但是一个特定的分子可以刺激这些受体的结合大脑中形成一种独特的表现项每个感觉细胞只有一种气味受体”与上下文紧密衔接C项中的thesesensory”“receptor”分别与前的“sensory”“”相呼应，符合语境。故选C项【题解】根据第三段内容，尤其该段中的Butsomethingscancausealastinglossof”知，空格后讲述导致嗅觉丧失的一些事情。A项很多东西会导致嗅觉丧失”引起下文，符合语境。故选A项。【题解】根据后一句AccordingtoDavangereDevanand,anexpertneurodegenerative(神经变性)diseasesandsmellloss,mainreasonappearsthatfunctioningofthebrainregionsinvolvedinsmellbecomesdamagedaswegrow”知，根据神经退行性病和嗅觉丧失专家达文格雷德瓦南德博士的说法，主要原因似乎是随着年龄的增长，与嗅觉和记忆有关的大脑区域功能受损。G项而且随着年龄的增长，鼻子的嗅觉能力在一定程度上有所下降，但大脑本身的嗅觉能力下降得更多”与上下文紧衔接，G项中的“age”后面的“grow”呼应，符合语境。故选项【题解】根据前一句“Somestudiessuggestthatsmelltrainingmayhelpyouyourabilitytodistinguishidentifyscents.”知，一些研究表明，嗅觉训练可以帮助你提高辨别和辨别气味的能力；再根据后一句“thequestionremainsastowhetherandthismight”知，但问题是，这是否可行，以及如何可行项“它可以提高你的大脑解释低