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2005年TEXT1Text1Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman,“withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueofwgoodsandserviceswthanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan*sandDr.deWaal*sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.Intheworldofcapuchins,grapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.InthewiId,theyareaco-operative,group-1ivingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby.posingacontrastjustifyinganassumptionmakingacomparisonexplainingaphenomenonThestatement“itisalltoomonkeyw(Lastline,Paragraph1)impliesthatmonkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivalsresentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys,naturemonkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachothernoanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions解题点在ASWELL表示猴子和人一样，分析人的例子。答案在BC之间。例子是为了说明中心，B更接近文章中心。Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheygetattentivetoresearchers*instructionsniceinbothappearanceandtemperamentmoregenerousthantheirmalecompanionsDr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys.prefergrapestocucumberscanbetaughttoexchangethingswillnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheatedareunhappywhenseparatedfromothersWhatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.最后一段，最后一句话，2个点相遇的同义替换选项。考研2006年T3Text3Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals.Theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansoniMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today*svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthewshiftingbaseline."Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness.Theextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthat.例子题。largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironmentsmallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappearedlargeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattodayslow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingonesWecaninferfromDr.MyersandDr.Worm'spaperthat.推断题数学计算：文章中有的数字基本上都是错的。正确答案是依据文章内容推断出的数字，这一点和四级听力很像，与四级阅读不同，请同学们注意。thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesastherewere15yearsagothecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalamountthenumberoflargerpredatorsdroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheoldBysaying"thesefiguresareconservative*(Line1,paragraph3),Dr.Wormmeansthat.句子题。1)可以看文章中心。分论点支持中心论点。2)可以看例子，例子证明分论点。fishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidlythecatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanrecordedthemarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterlossthedatacollectedsofarareoutofdateDr.Myersandotherresearchersholdthat.针对最后一段。peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcanworkforalongertimefisheriesshouldkeeptheiryieldsbelow50%ofthebiomasstheoceanbiomassshouldberestoredtoitsoriginallevelpeopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetothechangingsituationTheauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries,.变相的主旨题。managementefficiencybiomasslevelcatch-sizelimitstechnologicalapplicati2006年TEXT1Text1Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifferenceJAmericansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.单词题，上下文逻辑关系，转折关系典型例子。Thereis“thedemocratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourse,andthecasualnessandabsenceofdeference“characteristicofpopularculture.Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption^^launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite/9thesewerestores“anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshoppingintoapublicanddemocraticact.”Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareotherforcesforhomogenization.Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.WritingfortheNationalImmigrationForum,GregoryRodriguezreportsthattoday'simmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelsnorresistanttoassimilation.In1998immigrantswere9.8percentofpopulation;in1900,13.6percent.Inthe10yearspriorto1990,3.1immigrantsarrivedforevery1,000residents;inthe10yearspriorto1890,9.2forevery1,000.Now,considerthreeindicesofassimilation-language,homeownershipandintermarriage.The1990Censusrevealedthat“amajorityofimmigrantsfromeachofthefifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish'well'or'veryweiraftertenyearsofresidence.ThechildrenofimmigrantstendtobebilingualandproficientinEnglish.“Bythethirdgeneration,theoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrantfamilies.^^HencethedescriptionofAmericaasa“graveyard''forlanguages.By1996foreign-bomimmigrantswhohadarrivedbefore1970hadahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,higherthanthe69.8percentrateamongnative-bornAmericans.Foreign-bornAsiansandHispanics“havehigherratesofintermarriagethandoU.S.-bornwhitesandblacks.^^Bythethirdgeneration,onethirdofHispanicwomenaremarriedtonon-Hispanics,and41percentofAsian-Americanwomenaremarriedtonon-Asians.RodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworldarefansofsuperstarslikeArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantslivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation'sassimilativepower.^^AretheredivisiveissuesandpocketsofseethingangerinAmerica?Indeed.Itisbigenoughtohaveabitofeverything.ButparticularlywhenviewedagainstAmerica'sturbulentpast,today'ssocialindiceshardlysuggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialenvironment.Theword“homogenizing”(Line2,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeansidentifyingassociatingassimilatingmonopolizingAccordingtotheauthor,thedepartmentstoresofthe19thcentury[A]playedaroleinthespreadofpopularculturebecameintimateshopsforcommonconsumerssatisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableeliteBC排除，因为你想定位对应于insteadof后面的一定是错的。oweditsemergencetothecultureofconsumption没有提到owedto的该你那。ThetextsuggeststhatimmigrantsnowintheU.S..areresistanttohomogenizationfB]exertagreatinfluenceonAmericanculturearehardlyathreattothecommoncultureconstitutethemajorityofthepopulationWhyareArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksmentionedinParagraph5?Toprovetheirpopularityaroundtheworld.Torevealthepublic'sfearofimmigrants.Togiveexamplesofsuccessfulimmigrants.ToshowthepowerfulinfluenceofAmericanculture.Intheauthor'sopinion,theabsorptionofimmigrantsintoAmericansocietyis.rewardingsuccessfulfruitless[D]harmful2010T1Text1OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage. 中心句+敏感词2个点。Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.递进+中心'2个，点。Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,"Newmanwrote,uthatIamtemptedtodefine4journalism9as4atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.'”Unfortunately,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland'sforemostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.IsthereanychancethatCardus'scriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospectseemsremote.Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2that推断题artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers.English-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviews.high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders.youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedby细节题freethemes.casualstyle.elaboratelayout.radicalviewpoints.WhichofthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon?又是agreeon大家应该很熟悉了。Itiswriters*dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.[CJWritersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.[D]Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.BD反义2选1。WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?推断题Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.Hisstylecaterslargelytomodemspecialists.Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.根据最后两段，答案在最后一段。倒数2段出干扰。Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?主旨题NewspapersoftheGoodOldDaysTheLostHorizoninNewspapersMournfulDeclineofJournalismProminentCriticsinMemory关键词一定要出现，报纸，消失。Horizon是关键词的同义替换（比喻手法）2007年t4Text4Itneverrainsbutitpours.Justasbossesandboardshavefinallysortedouttheirworstaccountingandcompliancetroubles,andimprovedtheirfeeblecorporationgovernance,anewproblemthreatenstoearnthem-especiallyinAmerica-thesortofnastyheadlinesthatinevitablyleadtoheadsrollingintheexecutivesuite:datainsecurity.Left,untilnow,toodd,low-levelITstafftoputright,andseenasaconcernonlyofdata-richindustriessuchasbanking,telecomsandairtravel,informationprotectionisnowhighontheboss'sagendainbusinessesofeveryvariety.Severalmassiveleakagesofcustomerandemployeedatathisyear-fromorganizationsasdiverseasTimeWarner,theAmericandefensecontractorScienceApplicationsInternationalCorpandeventheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley一haveleftmanagershurriedlypeeringintotheirintricateITsystemsandbusinessprocessesinsearchofpotentialvulnerabilities.“Dataisbecominganassetwhichneedstobeguardedasmuchasanyotherasset,“saysHaimMendelsonofStanfordUniversity'sbusinessschool."Theabilitytoguardcustomerdataisthekeytomarketvalue,whichtheboardisresponsibleforonbehalfofshareholders.^^Indeed,justasthereistheconceptofGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciples(GAAP),perhapsitistimeforGASP,GenerallyAcceptedSecurityPractices,suggestedEliNoamofNewYork'sColumbiaBusinessSchool.“Settingtheproperinvestmentlevelforsecurity,redundancy,andrecoveryisamanagementissue,notatechnicalone,“hesays.Themysteryisthatthisshouldcomeasasurprisetoanyboss.Surelyitshouldbeobvioustothedimmestexecutivethattrust,thatmostvaluableofeconomicassets,iseasilydestroyedandhugelyexpensivetorestore-andthatfewthingsaremorelikelytodestroytrustthanacompanylettingsensitivepersonaldatagetintothewronghands.Thecurrentstateofaffairsmayhavebeenencouraged-thoughnotjustified-bythelackoflegalpenalty(inAmerica,butnotEurope)fordataleakage.UntilCaliforniarecentlypassedalaw,Americanfirmsdidnothavetotellanyone,eventhevictim,whendatawentastray.Thatmaychangefast:lotsofproposeddata-securitylegislationisnowdoingtheroundsinWashington,D.C.Meanwhile,thetheftofinformationaboutsome40millioncredit-cardaccountsinAmerica,disclosedonJune17",overshadowedahugelyimportantdecisionadayearlierbyAmerica'sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)thatputscorporateAmericaonnoticethatregulatorswillactiffirmsfailtoprovideadequatedatasecurity.Thestatement“Itneverrainsbutitpours“isusedtointroduce类似于例子题。问这个句子的写作目的。文章第一句要么是中心，要么是引出中心。中心就要总结后面，引出中心答案还是在后面。thefiercebusinesscompetition.fB]thefeebleboss-boardrelations.thethreatfromnewsreports.theseverityofdataleakage.AccordingtoParagraph2,someorganizationschecktheirsystemstofindout[A]whetherthereisanyweakpoint.fB]whatsortofdatahasbeenstolen.定位点前干扰fC]whoisresponsiblefortheleakage.无responsible[D]howthepotentialspiescanbelocated.InbringinguptheconceptofGASPtheauthorismakingthepointthat[A]shareholders'interestsshouldbeproperlyattendedto.没有提到。informationprotectionshouldbegivendueattention.等于中心。businessesshouldenhancetheirlevelofaccountingsecurity.比喻的地方一定是干扰。themarketvalueofcustomerdatashouldbeemphasized.没有emphasized的概念。AccordingtoParagraph4,whatpuzzlestheauthoristhatsomebossesfailtoseethelinkbetweentrustanddataprotection.perceivethesensitivityofpersonaldata.realizethehighcostofdatarestoration.appreciatetheeconomicvalueoftrust.中心句同义替换。ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatdataleakageismoresevereinEurope.与括号矛盾。fB]FTC'sdecisionisessentialtodatasecurity.Californiatakestheleadinsecuritylegislation.legalpenaltyisamajorsolutiontodataleakage.与中心相关，中心的同义替换。2007年t2Text2Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.^^PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228-thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(whoseIQis100)as,What'sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?It'snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.Clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms:theStanford-BinetIntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelligenceScales(bothcomeinadultandchildren'sversion).Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.SuperhighscoreslikevosSavanfsarenolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.Otherstandardizedtests,suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateRecordExam(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.(最后一，段推断题,第一步找中心。)Inhisarticle"HowIntelligentIsIntelligenceTesting?",Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.Moreover,IQtestsdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership-thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-takingskillalsomatters,whetherit'sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoskip.Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligencetest?细节题Answeringphilosophicalquestions.[BJFoldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.Tellingthedifferencesbetweencertainconcepts.Choosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenones.定位点后干扰直接排除AC,BD随机蒙一个。B,文章提到的是想象折叠以后的形状，而不是去剪纸。常识判断，也是错误。WhatcanbeinferredaboutintelligencetestingfromParagraph3?推断题。PeoplenolongeruseIQscoresasanindicatorofintelligence.MoreversionsofIQtestsarenowavailableontheInternet.Thetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybedifferent.Scientistshavedefinedtheimportantelementsofhumanintelligence.非常简单的题目“：”“()”两个点相遇就是答案。PeoplenowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasvosSavant'sbecause原因题。thescoresareobtainedthroughdifferentcomputationalprocedures.creativityratherthananalyticalskillsisemphasizednow.vosSavant'scaseisanextremeonethatwillnotrepeat.thedefiningcharacteristicofIQtestshaschanged.明确给出事实和原因，同义替换就是答案。非常简单。Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat推断题。testscoresmaynotbereliableindicatorsofone'sability.IQscoresandSATresultsarehighlycorrelated.testinginvolvesalotofguesswork.traditionaltestareoutofdate.思路一：中心句的同义替换一定是答案。思路2：两个点相遇，也可以做出来。C不对，是因为，不能更说明中心。Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsIQtests?两正两负的观点态度题。Supportive.Skeptical.Impartial.[DIBiased.观点态度：看中心，或者看最后一段中心句。2007年tlText1Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2006*sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatermonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.第一段讲例子，中心看下段。Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?设问句表中心。答案二这句话内容。Hereareafewguesses:a)certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;b)winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacity,whichincreasessoccerstamina;c)soccer-madparentsaremore1ikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania;d)noneoftheabove.AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove."EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.Hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers."Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20hoursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,“Ericssonrecalls."Hekeptimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisento