考研英语阅读题源

目录TOC\o"1-5"\h\z社会类l.AStheWatersRise 1.ACaseofGenderBiues 4.MakingYourGrassGreener 7.AbdicateandCapitulate 10文教类.CapitalofCulture 14.MysteryMan 16.GirlsGoingMild(er) 20.Who*saNerd,Anyway? 23经济类.AMatterofSovereignty 27.WordontheStreet 30.WorthaLot,butAreTheyWorthIt? 33科技类.1sSnuppythePuppyforReal? 37.Who'stheSmartSibing? 39.AlloyHoldsOutPromiseofSpeedierMemoryChip 43健康类.LestWeForgetorLestWeRemember? 46.Hollywood*sSmokeAlarm 49.CancerandStayingFit 53.TeachingDoctorstoTeachPatientsaboutLifestyle 57FromTheEconomistSept.27,2007AStheWatersRiseAsworldleadersmettodiscussclimatechangeattheUnitedNationsthisweek,protestersoutsideseemedunconvincedthatdrowningislandsandexpandingdesertsweretheplane'sbiggestwoe.LatinAmericanslamentedtheimperialismoftheUnitedStates.VietnamesewithBuddhistflagsdecriedtheirgovermnent'simpiety,whileemigresfromIrandeploredtheirrulers'religiousfervour.Insidethebuilding,concernswerealmostasdiffuse.Somethoughtthemostpressingaspectofclimatechangewasrisingsealevels;others,thegrowingintensityofstormsanddroughts;andothersthespreadofpestsanddiseases.Manypoorcountriesfeltmoremoneywasneededtoaddresstheproblem;richonesfrettedaboutalackofpoliticalwillandpopularenthusiasm.SouthAfricawantedmoreumainstreamingofwomenandyouth”.Bolivia'spresident,EvoMorales,calledcapitalismthe“worstenemy”,AsheikhfromtheUnitedArabEmiratessaidtoovigorousaresponsetoglobalwarmingcouldwreckoil-dependenteconomies.AndPresidentGeorgeBush,notcontentwiththeUNevent,heldhisownmeetingonclimatechangeonSeptember27th.Intheory,bothhisgatheringandtheUNoneaimedtofosterdebateaboutasuccessortotheKyotoprotocoltheUN'sexistingtreatyonclimatechange,whichexpiresin2012.Buttherhetoricsurroundingthetwodeliberationswasverydifferent.AttheUNmeeting,almosteveryleaderspokeof"commonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilities^^—jargonfortheideathatrichcountriesmustcuttheiremissionsofgreenhousegases,whilepooronescarryonasnormalunlesstherichworldpaysforthemtocleanuptheiract.TheWhiteHouseaffair,meanwhile,focusedondisseminatinggreentechnology.Theimplicitmessagewasthatbindingemissionstargetsarecounter-productive,andthatanysolutionmustinvolvepoorcountriesaswellasrichones.YvodeBoer,headoftheagencythatoverseesKyotoanditsprecursor,theUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange,saysthegulfbetweenAmericaandtherestislesswidethanitappears.AlthoughMr.Bushisnotyetreadytocontemplateabindinginternationaltreatythatwouldlimitgreenhouse-gasemissions,hedoesadvocatepoliciesthatcouldhelptrimAmerica'semissions.Asitis,statesrepresentingoverhalfofAmerica'semissionshavepledgedcutsofsomekind.Congress,meanwhile,iscontemplatingseveralbillsthatwouldimposeanationalcap.Australia,theotherrichcountrythatrejectedKyoto,isalsoworkingonanemissions-reductionplan.Poorcountries,forthemostpart,arestillrefusingtoacceptanytargetsoftheirown.TheyarguethatrichcountrieshavenotmadeenoughuseoftheCleanDevelopmentMechanism(CDM),aschemeunderKyotothatletscountrieswithemissions-reductiontargetsmeettheminpartthroughprojectsinpoorcountries.Cuba*sforeignminister,forone,dismissedrichcountries'effortstodateasmodestisimo:hequestionedthe"moralauthority“ofleaderslikeMr.Bush.Indiamerelyvowedthatitsemissionsperheadwouldneverexceedthelevelofrichcountries,aformulathatstillpermitsenormousgrowth.Butafewdevelopingcountrieshintedatamoreflexiblestance.MexicosuggestedtyingtheaidgiventopoorcountriesthroughprogrammesliketheCDMtotheireffortstocombatclimatechange.Indonesia'spresident,amidmoretalkof"differentiatedresponsibilities',,saidallcountriesshouldtakeonbiggerburdens,andtoldfellowleaderstoMthinkoutsidethebox".Therewasmuchdiscussion-albeitmostlyonthesidelines-ofpoorcountriestakingontargetsforemissionsperhead,orperunitofoutputincertainindustries.Allthishintsattheshapeofthingstocome.AmericaandAustraliacanprobablybeenticedtolimitemissions,especiallyif,asexpected,bothgetnewgovernmentsinthenextyearortwo.ButtheoversightandadministrationofsuchadealmightbelooserthanunderKyoto,givenAmerica'ssuspicionofglobalbureaucrats.Poorcountriesmightheinducedtotakeontargetsofsomesort,albeitofalessexactingsortthanthestraightemissionscutsfacedbyrichcountries.Butforgingsuchadealcouldtakeanage:neitherAmericanortheUNexpectanyconclusionbeforelate2008.Perhapsthoselow-lyingislandsshouldnotcountonstayingdry.词汇注解重点单词unconvinced/,O・切Q・'vinst/【文中释义】adj.不信服的【大纲全义】adj.不信服的漫无边际的;四散的，弥散的diffuse/di'fju:z/【文中释义】adj.散开的，弥漫的【大纲全义】V.扩散；传播adj.（文章等）冗长的，intensity/in'tensiti/【文中释义】n.强烈，剧烈【大纲全义】n.强烈，剧烈；强度drought/draut/【文中牌义】n.干旱【大纲全义】n.旱灾，干早fret/fret/【文中释义】v.烦恼，不满【大纲全义】n.烦躁，磨损，焦急v.烦恼，不满，磨损expire/iks'paiS/【文中释义】v期满，失效，终止【大纲全义】v.期满，失效，（期限）终止;呼气;断气，死亡deliberation/dijibs'refan/【文中释义】n.熟虑，熟思【大纲全义】n.熟虑，熟思，协议implicit/im'plisit/【文中释义】adj.暗示的，含蓄的，不讲明的【大纲全义】adj.含蓄的;（in）固有的;无疑问的;绝对的contemplate/'kDntempleit/【文中释义】v.注视，沉思，打算【大纲全义】v.盘算，计议;周密考虑;注视，凝视

bind/baind/【文中释义】V.绑，约束【大纲全义】V.捆，绑，约束，包括，束缚；装订；使结合treatyftrirti/【文中释义】n.条约，协定【大纲全义】n.条约，协议，协商reject/ri'dsekt/【文中释义】v.拒绝，驳回【大纲全义】v.拒绝，抵制，丢弃，排斥，退掉n.落选者，被拒贷品dismiss/dis'mis/【文中释义】v.解散，开除【大纲全义】V.免职，解雇，开除，解散;驳回，不受理vow/vau/【文中释义】V.立誓，起誓要，郑重地宣布【大纲全义】n.元音，元音字母V.立誓，起誓要，郑重地宣布formula/'formjula/【文中释义】n.客套语，公式，准则【大纲全义】n.公式;规则；分子式；药方超纲单词impiety超纲单词impietyn.无信抑，无信心,不虔诚sheikhn.阿拉伯首长（族长）differentiatev.区别，差别albeitconj.虽然（即使）fervourn.热情（白热状态）rhetoricadj花言巧语的precursorn.先驱者，前导，先进者重点段落译文本周，当世界各国领导人在联合国总部会聚一堂，探讨气候变化的问题时，大楼外的抗议者并未把岛屿被淹和沙漠扩张视为这个星球上最大的不幸：拉丁美洲的人民抱怨美国的帝国主义政策；越南的僧侣们痛斥他们政府对宗教的亵渎；来自伊朗的移民谴责伊朗当局的宗教狂热。联合国总部大楼内，不同的国家、不同的民族关心的问题也各不相同。一些国家认为当前最紧迫的问题是气候变化引起的海平面上升；有的国家认为是旱涝灾害的加剧；还有的认为是虫害和疾病的传播。许多贫困国家觉得他们需要获得更多的资金以解决问题；发达国家对国民普遍缺乏政治热情而焦虑不已；南非要求允许更多妇女和年轻人回归主流；玻利维亚总统伊•莫拉莱斯声称资本主义才是罪魁祸首；一位阿拉伯联合酋长国的酋长说对全球气候变暖的过分关注可能切断石油大国的经济命脉。而布什总统则无视联合国的事务，于9月27日在白宫召开了有关环境变化的会议。从理论上来讲，不论是布什的小会还是联合国大会，都是为寻求《京都协议》的后继条约而努力，联合国有关环境变化的现有条例将在2012年失效。但是，两个会议所高谈阔论的重点又是截然不同的。联合国大会上，大多数国家领导人都主张国际法所确立的‘'共同而有区别的责任”原则，这一原则规定发达国家必须减少温室气体的排放量，发展中国家维持现有的排放量，除非发达国家为他们的排放量买单。与此同时，白宫将主要问题放在绿色环保技术的推广上，也就是说，白宫认为在减排问题上如果将发达国家与发展中国家区别对待，效果只会适得其反。无论采取什么方法解决，对发达国家和发展中国家应该一视同仁。据京都议定书的监督者，《联合国气候变化框架协议》秘书处执行秘书伊弗•德布尔介绍，在温室气体的减排这一问题上，美国正在缩小与其他国家的差距。虽然布什尚未考虑制定一项限制温室气体排放的国际性公约，但他已同意采取措施削减美国的排放量，事实也的确如此，美国有一半以上的州已经做出减排及其他措施的保证。同时美国国会也正考虑设立议案限制温室气体的排放。如反对《京都协议》的其他一些发达国家，如澳大利亚也正在建立一个减少温室气体排放的计划。大部分发展中国家仍然拒绝他们的减排义务，他们认为发达国家并未完全遵守《京都协议》的清洁发展机制，这项机制允许一些国家为了符合减排要求，在发展中国家设厂投资。例如，古巴外交部长对发达国家的努力不以为然，他认为那是微不足道的，他对布什等一些所谓的道德政府表示质疑。印度领导人仅仅承诺他们的人均排放量绝不会超过发达国家，这就使印度未来排放量的大幅增长合理化了。FromNewsweekByLynnWaddellandArianCampo-FloresMar.12,2007ACaseofGenderBluesAfteralifetimeofagonizingoverhisgenderidentity,StevenStantondecidedtobecomeawomanabouttwoyearsago."Itwasn'tsomethingIwantedtodo,“saysStanton,48,thecitymanagerofLargo,Fla."ItwassomethingIhadtodo.^^Hestartedhormonaltherapy.graduallysheddingbodyhairandlosingmusclemass.Hebegantofeelbreastpainwhenhewentjogging—aproblemheremediedbyfollowingadoctor'srecommendationtowearasportsbra.Ontripsawayfromhome,hebeganventuringoutdressedasawoman.Althoughheconfidedallthistohiswifeandasmallcircleoffriends,heknewthatonedayhe'dhavetotellthetownspeopleheserved.Sohepreparedmeticulouslyfbrthatmoment一aimingforMay,whenhis13-year-oldsonwouldbeaway一andcreatedadetailedeightplan."Whenyoutellsomebodythis,it*sdevastating/hesays."Itislikeanelementofbetrayal.'1Stanton*splanfounderedtwoweeksagowhentheSt.PetersburgTimespublishedanarticleabouthisplansforasexchange.Intheensuingupheaval,churchleaderscondemnedhimandangryresidentsdemandedhisouster.AtatumultuousmeetinglastTuesday,citycommissionersvoted5-2tobegintheprocessoffiringStanton,whohasreceivedmostlysolidreviewsin14yearsascitymanager."Idonotfeelhehastheintegrity,northetrust,northerespect,northeconfidencetocontinue,"saidCommissionerMaryGrayBlack.Nowonpaidadministrativeleave,StantonhasuntilTuesdaytodecidewhethertoappeal.Civilrightsandtransgendergroupshaverushedtohisdefense."ItsbeenalongtimesinceI'veseenthatdegreeofjustflagrantdiscrimination,MsaysKarenDoering,seniorcounselfortheNationalCenterforLesbianRightsandnowStanton'slawyer.Stantonhasstruggledwithhisidentitysincehewasachild.Heusedtotryonhissistefsdressesandcontinuedaccumulatingwomen'sclothesovertheyears.Whenhemarriedin1990,hehopedtostiflehisyearningsandeventuallytriedcounseling.But"yougoandtrytogetfixed,"hesaidatlastweek'scommissionmeeting,*'andyoulearnyoucan'tgetfixed.11In2003,whilecityleadersweredebatingahuman-rightsordinancethatwouldprotecttranssexuals,thethenCommissionerPatBurkecriticizedStantonfornotlobbyinghardenoughfbrthemeasure(itdidn'tenduppassing,butthetowndidadoptaninternalpolicybarringdiscriminationonthebasisofgenderidentity).Stanton,whowaspossiblywaryofaccusationsoffavoritism,respondedbyconfidinghissecrettoBurke,whenheshowedherphotosofhimselfindrag,shelaughedaffectionatelyandofferedhimfashiontips.uItwasalightdress,anditdidn'twork."shesays.Stanton'scasecomesatatimewhenthetransgendercommunityisgainingacceptance.There*snagrowingtrendamongmental-healthprofessionalstogetthesocialenvironmenttoadapttothepersonratherthanforcethepersontoconformtogenderstereotypes/1sayspsychiatristJackDrescher.Federalcivil-rightslawoffersnoexplicitprotectionfortransgenderworkers,buteightstates(notincludingFlorida)andtheDistrictofColumbiado.Inthecorporateworld,122oftheFortune500companiesnowhavenodiscriminationpoliciesthatincludegenderidentity,accordingtotheHumanRightsCampaign.YetStanton'sexperienceshowsthelimitsofsuchacceptance.TheLargocitycommissioncouldvotetofinalizehisfiringasearlyasTuesday.Stanton,whoinitiallyrefusedtotakelegalaction,isnowcontemplatingit."Ineveranticipatedsomanypeoplecallingupfromthecommunitysaying,'Please,promisemethatyou'llfightthis*.*'AsStantontoldhisson,"Beingcourageousisbeingwillingtostandwhenothersarewillingtosit"Afteryearsofbattlinghimself,perhapshe*sreadytotakeonabroadenstruggle.词汇注解重点单词agonize/'aeganaiz/【文中释义】v.挣扎【大纲全文】V.(使)极度痛苦，折磨，挣扎shed/fed/【文中释义】V.脱落【大纲全文】v.流出；散发，散发，脱落，脱去n.棚屋，小屋remedy/'remidi/【文中释义】vi.治疗【大纲全文】n药品;治疗措施;补救方法;纠正方法;消除方法;补尝,赔偿，法律补救方法v.治疗，医治；纠正，补救betrayal/bi'treial/【文中释义】n.辜负，出卖【大纲全文】n背叛，暴露condemn/kan'dem/【文中释义】v.谴责

【大纲全文】V.谴责，指责：判刑，宣告有罪integrity/in'tegriti/【文中释义】n.正直，诚实【大纲全文】n.正直，诚实;完整，完全administrative/ad'ministr8tiv/【文中释义】adj行政的，【大纲全文】adj.行政的，管理的defense/di'fens/【文中释义】n.挥卫，辫护【大纲全义】n.防卫，防卫物acceptance/ak'septans/【文中释义】n.认可，接受【大纲全义】n.接受，接收，验收，接纳;承认认可;认可，欢迎explicit/iks'plisit/【文中释义】adj显然的，明确的【大纲全义】adj.详述的，明确的;坦率的；显然的contemplate/'kDntempleit/【文中释义】vt.打算【大纲全义】v.注视，沉思，打算超纲单词hormonaladj.时荷尔蒙的,townspeople超纲单词hormonaladj.时荷尔蒙的,townspeoplen.市民，镇民tumultuousadj.乱哄哄的，激素的喧哗的confidev.吐露，信托，信赖upheavaln.举起，隆起，大变动finalizev.使结束，使完结flagrantadj非常的，不能容忍的重点段落译文在经过对自己性别特性一生的痛苦挣扎后，现年48岁的佛罗里达州拉哥市执行长斯蒂芬•土丹顿在大约两年前决定变成一名女性。他说：“我也不想这么做，但我不得不这么做。”然后，他开始接受激素治疗，身上的体毛逐渐脱落，成块的肌肉也逐渐消失。当他慢跑时开始感到胸部疼痛一他听从了医生的建议，穿上了运动文胸，这个问题才得以解决。出门在外时，他开始尝试穿成女性的样子。尽管他把这一切告诉了妻子和一小部分朋友，但是他知道终有一天他不得不把这些告诉他所服务的市民。于是他为这一刻做了精心准备一时间选在5月份，他13岁的儿子恰好不在一制作了一份长达8页的详细计划。“告诉别人这些是会产生相当大的反响的，”他说：“这有些像某种程度的背叛。”两周前，当《圣彼得堡时报》发表了一篇关于土丹顿变性计划的文章时，他的计划失败了。在接下来的事情变化中，教堂领导人谴责他，愤怒的居民也要求将他驱逐出境。在上周二乱哄哄的会议上，城市委员会成员以5比2的选票表决决定解雇士丹顿，尽管他在担任市执行长的连续14年间受到了很多好评。委员会成员玛丽•格利•布莱克说：“我认为他没有诚实，不可信，没有受人尊敬的品格，也没有继续留任的信心。”虽然面临着行政职务被解雇的处罚，但是土丹顿直到周二才决定是否要上诉。而民权和跨性别团体都去为他辩护。同性恋权益中心的高级辩护律师、士丹顿现在的律师凯伦。多林说:“很久以前我就注意到了这种不能容忍的歧视J士丹顿变性事件正好发生在变性团体逐步得到人们认可的时期。精神病医师杰克•德雷舍说:“心理健康专业人士越来越倾向于想让社会适应像土丹顿这样的人，而不是强迫他们去遵从原本固有性别J虽然联邦民权法律没有为变性人提供明确的保护，但是有8个州（不包括佛罗里达）和哥伦比亚地区却提供了该项保护。根据人权运动，企业界中的财富500强中，有122家现今没有包括性别在内的歧视政策。然而土丹顿的变性事件披露了社会对变性认同的局限性.拉哥市委员会最早可以在周二通过选举来决定土丹顿的去留。最初不愿采取法律措施的士丹顿如今正在考虑阶段。“我没料到团体里会有这么多人打电话给我'请答应我你要继续战斗下去正如土丹顿对儿子所说的那样：“勇敢就是当其他人想坐着的时候而你愿意站着J经过几年的自我斗争，也许土丹顿已经决定进行一场更广泛的斗争。FromNewsweekByJaneBryantQuinnDec.4,2006MakingYourGrassGreenerKermitthefrogshouldloveit.Everybodywantstobegreen.Nowit*sthereal-estateindustry,outtosaveenergy,savetheplanetandsavemoneyfortheirclients.Withonlyalittleeffort,youcanfindgreenbrokers,greenhomes,greencontractors,evengreenmortgages.Topthatoffwithgreentaxcreditsandyou,too,mightacquireatint.CommercefollowstheZeitgeist.Somegreeniesaremovedbyconscience,othersbyfearsofrisingenergycosts.Innumbers,theyYestillanichemarket,buttheirinfluenceispushingintothemainstream.Here*swherethegreengrassgrows:Real-estatefirms.Whathappenswhentheygogreen?First,theyadvertiseaspro-planet,toattractlike-mindedclientsandstandoutfromthecrowd.Second,they'reuponyourissues:howtocutenergybills,findtaxbreaksorstategrantsforgreenremodeling,qualifyforagreenmortgage(moreonthisbelow)andconnectwithsympatheticarchitectsandcontractors.There'sevenanewdesignation-EcoBroker-foragentsandbrokerswhotakespecialonlinecoursesinenvironmentalandenergyissues.Sofar,nearly250peoplehavequalifiedin38states,theDistrictofColumbiaandpartsofCanada(listingsat).Some500moreareinthepipeline.Ifenergypriceskeeprising,you'llseeastampede.Ecobuilders.Variouslabelingprogramsexistfornewhousesbuiltwithenergysavingsinmind:EnergyStarHome,BuiltGreen,BuildItGreenandsoon.Toqualify,theyhavetobemoreefficientthanhomesbuilttoordinarybuildingcodes.Youcanexpecttightconstruction,superiorinsulation,advancedheatingandcoolingequipment,high-performancewindows,goodventilationand-forthosewhogofurther-recycledcomponentsandbuildingmaterialscontainingfewerchemicalsandlessglue.Morethan10percentofnewhomeslastyearwerelabeledEnergyStar,saysSteveBaden,headoftheResidentialEnergyServicesNetwork(RESNET).AndtheyYenotjusthigh-end.JohnBeldock,EcoBroker'sCEO,saysthatgreenresidentialbuildingnowteachesalmosteverypricerange.Existinghomesaregettinggreener,too.Tohelpwithenergyimprovements,yourstaremayofferlow-interestloansorgrants.Stateandfederaltaxcreditsareonthetable.Tofindagreenbuilderorremodeler,clickon"PartnerList'*at,Also,put"buildgreen'1andthenameofyourstateintoasearchengineandseewhatcomesup.Homeenergyratings.Yourutilitymayofferfreeorlow-costenergyauditstosuggestwaysofcuttingyourheatingandcoolingbills.Formoreformalaudits,greenbuildersandlendersareturningtocertified"raters.HHomesareawardedpointsonascaleofoneto100,dependingontheirenergyefficiency.Eachratingcomeswithalistofpossibleimprovementsyoumightwanttomake,aswellasanestimateofyoursavingsinenergybillsWhywouldyoupay$350to$600forarating?Lendersmightrequireit,ifyou'reborrowingmoneytoaddenergy-efficientsystemstoyourhome.Statesmightrequireitforpeopleapplyingtoaffordable-homelendingprograms.Inbumreal-estatemarkets,agoodratingmighthelpsellyourhouse-especiallyifyou'relistingwithwithagreenbroker.Forcertifiedraters,gotoresnet.usand(Buttryanyfreebiefromyourutilityfirst.)Greenmortgages-otherwiseknownasEnergyEfficientMortgages(EEMs).YouusuallyqualifyifyouYebuyinganewEnergyStarhomeorplanningcost-efficientupgradesonanolderhome.Varioustypesofloansexist;often,theyletyouborrowmoremoneythanwouldnormallybethecase.Iftheloanisdoneright,you'llbeabletohandlethehighermonthlypaymentsbecauseyou'resavingsomuchonyourenergybills.Youmightalsogetreducedclosingcosts.Thelargestprogramallowsloansupto$417,000,dependingonwhereyoulive,butit'spossibletoborrowupto$1millionormore.Ifyou'reupgradingahome,partofthemoneygoesintoescrowuntilthejobisdone.Intheory,anylendercanofferEEMs.Inpractice,they'rehardtofind.Fewbankshavebotheredwiththeprogramsortrainedlendingofficerstohandlethem.Peopledon'tknowtheyexist,sothere'sslimdemand.Andbesides,mostbuyerscanalreadyborrowasmuchastheyneed.ButEEMsaregoodforextrafinancing,andlendersshouldsooncatchontotheirvalueasmarketingtools.Tofindtheseloans,it*shelpfultouseagreenmortgagebroker.LookfbrthenamesoflendersandbrokersontheEnergyStarsite.TheIndigoFinancialCroupservesfivestatesandispreparingtogonationwide.Indigo'sJoelWiesesayshisclientsaresaving20percentto50percentontheirutilitybills—morethanenoughtocovertheirhighermortgagepayments.Onewarning:bewarethe"greenwashers”.Thosearebrokersandbuilderswhosaythey'resavingtheplanetbut-liketheWizardofOz-justgiveoutgreenglasses,toturnabrownworldintoanemeraldshade.Gobeyondthepressrelease.Besuretogetrealgreenforyourgreen.词汇注解重点单词real-estate/'riali'steit/【文中释义】adj.房地产的，不动产的【大纲全义】n.不动产，房地产adj房地产的，不动产的client/'klaiant/【文中释义】n.顾客，客户【大纲全义】n.律师等的当事人，委托人;商店的顾客tint/tint/ I【文中释义】n.色彩【大纲全义】n.色彩v.给淡淡地着色

conscience/'kOnfans/【文中释义】n.良心【大纲全义】n.良心，良知qualify/'kwDlifai/【文中释义】v.使具有资格【大纲全义】v.（使）具有资格，证明合格;限制，限定;修饰sympathetic/simpa'Qetik/【文中释义】adj.合意的【大纲全义】adj.有同情心的;赞同的;和谐的n.交感神经architect/'a:kitekt/【文中释义】n.建筑师【大纲全义】n.建筑师;设计师;缔造者;创造者designation/,dezig'neijan/【文中释义】n.名称【大纲全义】n.指出，指明；任命，选派；称呼，名称labelfleibal/【文中释义】v.标注【大纲全义】n标签v.把…….称为;用标签于;用标签标明;标注ordinary/'3:dinari/【文中释义】adj.普通的【大纲全义】adj.普通的，平凡的，平常的;平庸的code/kaud/【文中释义】n.规划【大纲全义】n.代码，代号，密码;法典，法规，规划v.把……编码ventilation/venti'leijan/【文中释义】n.通风【大纲全义】n.通风，流通空气beware/bi'wza/【文中释义】vt谨防【大纲全义】v.当心，谨防remodelv.remodelv.改造pipelinen.审核中emeraldn.草绿色like-mindedadj.有兴趣的ecobrokern.生态经纪人stampeden.惊慌行为重点段落译文、青蛙柯米特（经典木偶剧里的角色）应该会喜欢这样。人人都想变成绿色。现在，为了节约能源、节省地球资源和为客户省钱，在房地产业也出现了绿色。你很轻松就能找到绿色经纪人、绿色房屋、绿色承包商甚至绿色抵押贷款;最后还有绿色税收抵免——可能你自己也沾上了点绿色。商业紧随时代风潮而行。一些环保产品的出现是出于良知，另一些是由于担心增加能源成本。从数量上看，绿色环保市场仍然是一个缝隙市场，但其影响正波及主流市场。某些行业中的绿色产业正处于发展之中：房地产公司。它们走绿色路线的表现是什么？首先，房地产公司在广告中以“亲近星球”自居，来吸引有此兴趣的客户并从众多公司中脱颖而出。其次，它们了解你所关注的问题:如何减少能耗支出;如何寻求税收减免或是得到州政府对房屋环保改造的补助;如何取得申请绿色抵押的资格（更多的抵押款）;或是如何联系到合意的建筑师和承包商。如今甚至出现了一个新的称呼用于指那些上过有关环境和能源知识的专门网络课程的代理商和经纪人一一生态经纪人。到目前为止，在美国的38个州、哥伦比亚特区和加拿大的部分地区，已有将近250人获得了这种资格（名单所在网址为）。还有500多人正在审核中。如果能源价格居高不下，可能会有更多的人对此趋之若鹫。生态建筑者。针对那些新修建的、带有节能理念的房屋，眼下有着各种各样的标签，比如:能源之星家园、绿色家园、绿色建筑等等。为了达标，这些房屋必须比按照普通建筑标准建造的房屋更加高效节能。它应该具备紧凑的结构、优良的隔热性能、先进的供热及制冷设备、高性能的窗户、良好的通风性以及一讨于那些更高标准的环保房屋而言一含较少化学成分及粘胶的再生部件及建筑材料。住宅能源服务网（RESNET）的老板史蒂夫•巴登说，去年有超过10%的新住宅被贴上了节能明星的标签。而且它们不全是高档住宅。生态经纪人公司的首席执行官约翰•贝尔多克表示，现在的绿色环保住宅几乎各种价位的都有。您要注意的是:要谨防“绿色骗子二很多经纪人和建筑商说是在节省地球资源一其实就像童话故事《绿野仙踪》里的巫女一样一仅仅是给人们绿色眼镜，使一个棕色的世界加上了绿色的遮蔽。不要尽信新闻报道。为了您的健康，要确保您得到的是真正的绿色。FromTheNewYorkTimesByAnonymousNov.11,2007AbdicateandCapitulateItisextraordinaryhowPresidentBushhasstreamlinedtheSenateconfirmationprocess.AswehaveseenmostrecentlywiththevotetoconfirmMichaelMukaseyasattorneygeneral,aboutallthatisleftofuadviceandconsent,'isthe"consent"part.Onceuponatime,theconfirmationofmajorpresidentialappointmentsplayedoutonseverallevels-starting,ofcourse,withpolitics.Itwasassumedthatapresidentwouldchooselike-mindedpeopleascabinetmembersandforotherjobsrequiringSenateapproval.Therewasapresumptionthatheshouldbeallowedhischoices,allotherthingsbeingequal.BeforeGeorgeW.Bush'spresidency,thoseotherthingsactuallycounted.Wasthenomineetrulyqualified,withaprofessionalbackgroundworthyofthejob?Wouldhedischargehisdutiesfairlyandhonorably,upholdinghisoathtoprotecttheConstitution?Eventhoughheanswerstothepresident,wouldthenomineerepresentallAmericans?WouldheorsherespectthepowerofCongresstosupervisetheexecutivebranch,andthepowerofthecourtstoenforcetheruleoflaw?Inlessthansevenyears,Mr.Bushhasmanagedtoboilthatlistdowntoitsleastcommondenominator:thepresidentshouldgethischoices.Atfirst,Mr.BushwasabettedbyaslavishRepublicanmajoritythatbalkedatonlyonemajorappointment-HarrietMiersforSupremeCourtjustice,andthenonlybecauseofdoubtsthatshewasfarenoughtotheright.TheDemocrats,however,alsodeservealargemeasureofblame.TheydidalmostnothingwhiletheywereintheminoritytodemandbetternomineesthanMt.Bushwassendingup.Andnowthattheyhaveattainedthemajority,theyarenotdoinganybetter.OnThursday,theSenatevotedby53to40toconfirmMr.Mukaseyeventhoughhewouldnotanswerasimplequestion:doeshethinkwaterboarding,aformofsimulateddrowningusedtoextractinformationfromaprisoner,istortureandthereforeillegal?Democratsofferexcusesfortheirsorryrecord,startingwiththeirrazor-thinmajority.ButitisoftensaidthatanyvoteintheSenaterequiresmorethan60votes-enoughtoovercomeafilibuster.SowhydidMr.Mukaeygetbywithonly53votes?GiventhesuccesstheRepublicanshavehadinblockingactionwhentheDemocratscannotmuster60votes,themainculpritappearstobetheDemocraticleadership,whichseemsuninterestedinorincapableofstandinguptoMr.Bush.SenatorCharlesSchumer,theNewYorkDemocratwhoturnedthetideforthisnomination,saidthatiftheSenatedidnotapproveMr.Mukasey,thepresidentwouldgetbywithaninterimappointmentwhowouldbeundertheswayof"theextremeideologyofVicePresidentDickCheney*'.HearguedthatMr.MukaseycouldbecountedontoreversethepoliticizationoftheJusticeDepartmentthatoccurredunderAlbertoGonzales,andthatMr.Mukasey'sreticenceaboutcallingwaterboardingillegalmightwellbecomemoot,becausetheSenatewasconsideringalawmakingclearthatitisillegal.ThatispreciselythesortofcozyrationalizationthatMr.SchumerandhiscolleagueshaveusedsomanytimestobackdownfromaconfrontationwithMr.Bush.Thetruthis,Mr.Mukaseyisalreadyinthegripofthat"extremeideology".Ifhewerenot,hecouldhaveansweredthequestionaboutwaterboarding.Mr.BushsaidMr.MukaseycouldnotdosobecauseitwouldrevealclassifiedinformationaboutCentralIntelligenceAgencyinterrogationtechniques.Thatisnonsense.Mr.MukaseywasnotaskedifCIAjailershaveusedwaterboardingonprisoners,somethinghecouldbeexpectedtoknownothingabout.Hewassimplyaskedif,asageneralmatter,waterboardingisillegal.Itwasnotadifficultquestion.WaterboardingisspecificallybannedbytheArmyFieldManual,anditisplainlyillegalunderthefederalAnti-TortureAct,federalassaultstatutes,theDetaineeTreatmentAct,theConventionagainstTortureandtheGenevaConventions.Itishardtoseehowanynomineeworthyofthepositionofattorneygeneralcouldfailtoanswer"yes".TherealreasontheWhiteHousewouldnotpermitMr.MukaseytoanswerwastherisktofederalofficialswhocarriedoutMr.Bush'sorderstoabuseandtortureprisonersafterthe9/11attacks:thetightanswercouldhaveexposedthemtocriminalsanctions.TherationalesthataccompaniedthevoteinfavorofMr.Mukaseywerenotreassuring.Thepromiseofalawbanningwaterboardingisnocomfort.Itisunnecessary,andevenifitpasses,Mr.Bushseemscertaintovetoit.Infact,itwouldplayintotheadministration'shandsbyallowingittoarguethattortureisnotcurrentlyillegal.TheclaimthatMr.MukaseywilldepoliticizetheJusticeDepartmentlosesitsallurewhenyouconsiderthathewouldnotcommithimselftoenforcingCongressionalsubpoenasintheUnitedStatesattorneys'scandal.AllofthisleavesuswonderingwhetherMr.SchumerandotherDemocraticleadersweremorefocusedonthe2008electionsthanondoingtheirconstitutionalduty.Certainlybeingmade

tolookweakonterrorismmightmakeitharderforthemtoexpandtheirmajorityWearenotsuggestingtheDemocratsrejecteverypresidentialappointee,orthatthepresident'spreferencesnotbetakenintoaccount.ButDemocratshavedonepreciouslittletoavoidthekindofspectacletheworldsawlastweek:theSenategivingthejobofattorneygeneral,chieflawenforcementofficerintheworld'soldestdemocracy,toamanwhodoesnotevenhavetheintegritytotakeastandagainsttorture.词汇注解’重点单词assume/s'sjurm/【文中释义】V.推断，假设【大纲全义】V.假装;假定,设想;承担，呈现，采取cabinet/*kaebinit/【文中释义】n.内阁【大纲全义】n.内阁，内阁会议;（带玻璃门存物品的）橱拒supervisefsjuipavaiz/【文中释义】V.监督【大纲全义】V.管理，监督court/k3：t/【文中释义】n.法院【大纲全义】n.法院，法庭;宫廷，朝廷;院子;球场slavish/'sleivif/【文中释义】adj.盲目的【大纲全义】adj.奴性的，卑屈的;无独创性的;盲从的simulate/'simjuleit/【文中释义】v.假装【大纲全义】v.模仿，模拟;假装，冒充extract/iks'trsekt/【文中释义】v.获取，提取【大纲全义】v./n.拔出，抽出;摘录n.抽取物;精华;选集razor/'reiza/【文中释义】adj像剃刀一样薄的【大纲全义】n..剃刀sway/swei/【文中释义】V.支配【大纲全义】V.（使）摇动;倾抖挽摇动;影响力ideology/,aidi'Dlad5i/【文中释义】n.意识形态【大纲全义】n.意识形态，（政治或社会的）思想意识超纲单词presumption超纲单词presumptionn.可能性honorablyadv.体面地abetv.怂葱,教唆musterv.召集nomineen.被提名的人denominatorn.限度filibustern.阻挠（的人）culpritn・罪人,犯人reticencen.沉默重点段落译文以前，要确认重要的总统委任，要经过好几道程序一当然首先从政治开始。据推断，总统将会选择志趣相投的人担任内阁成员或者其他需要参议院批准的职位。委任的确认有一个前提就是他的提议要被通过，同时其他事情也是如此。在乔治•布什当总统之前，事实上，还涉及其他一些事情。有专业背景知识的提名者真的能够胜任吗?他会公正无私、正大光明地履行他的职责，履行保护宪法的誓言吗?即使被提名的人符合总统的要求人选，他会代表所有美国人鸣?他或她会尊重国会监督行政机构的权力并尊重法院执法的权力吗？在不到7年的时间里，布什先生己经把上面这个列表缩减到了最低限度：总统应该有选择权。首先，布什先生在盲目的共和党多数派的怂恿下在一个重要的任命即提名哈里特•迈尔斯担任最高法院大法官前裹足不前，当时仅仅因为有人怀疑她跟右翼离得足够远。然而民主党很大程度上也应该受到指责。当他们受到少数人支持时，他们并没有要求布什提名出更好的合适人选。现在，他们已经受到大众的支持，但与以前相比，他们的做法几乎毫无改善。周四，参议院以53票对40票通过对麦卡锡先生的提名，即使他回答不了一个很简单的问题：在他看来，用水刑 种模拟溺水的方式来从囚犯口中获取信息是酷刑，因此是违法的吗？民主党人为他们不尽人意的做法寻找各种借口，往往多数情况下是站不住脚的。但我们常说，参议院的任何表决至少需要60票―这个数字足以说服阻挠的人。那为什么麦卡锡先生仅53票就通过呢?如果说民主党不能召集到60票，是共和党成功的阻挠行动在起作用那主要的罪人好像是民主党的领袖，因为他好像毫无兴趣或者没有能力与布什先生对抗。扭转了提名局势的纽约州民主党人士参议员查尔斯•舒默说，如果参议院不通过总统对麦卡锡先生的提名，总统会在“副总统迪克•切尼的极端意识”支配下，用临时委任蒙混过去。他认为，麦卡锡先生会扭转司法部在阿尔贝托•冈萨雷斯时期的政治局面，而他在水刑非法问题上的沉默可能会引发一场辩论，因为参议院正考虑出台一部法律明确说明它的非法性。FromTheEconomistOct.4,20075.CapitalofCultureWashington,DChastraditionallybeenanunbalancedcitywhenitcomestothelifeofthemind.Ithasgreatnationalmonuments,fromtheSmithsonianmuseumstotheLibraryofCongress.Butday-to-dayculturallifecanbethin.Itattractssomeofthecountry'sbe