考研考博-英语-三门峡社会管理职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-三门峡社会管理职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Withtheincreasingunemploymentrate,femaleworkerswhoare45to55yearsoldareusuallythefirsttobe（

）.

问题1选项

A.laidaside

B.laidup

C.laidout

D.laidoff

【答案】D

【解析】动词词组辨析题。layaside“放弃（某种习惯），积蓄（金钱），把…放在一边”；layup“放置不用，贮存，储蓄，使（某人）待在床上或室内”；layout“设计;展示，安排”；layoff“暂时解雇，裁员，停止工作”；根据句意‘随着失业率不断上升，45-55岁的女性工人通常最先被（

）。’确定D选项正确。

2.单选题

Willyouplease（）thisarticletoseeifthereisanymisprint?

问题1选项

A.lookup

B.goover

C.dwellon

D.workout

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。lookup“查阅，拜访”；goover“复习，仔细检查”；dwellon“详述，细想”；workout“解决，算出，锻炼”。根据下半句的内容“看看是否有打印错误”，可知应该是仔细检查一下这篇文章，所以选项B符合句意。

3.单选题

Forpeoplewithhearingdifficulties,telephoneswithvolumecontrolsprovidethebest（

）.

问题1选项

A.answer

B.response

C.result

D.solution

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“答案”；B选项“反应”；C选项“结果”；D选项“解决方法”。句意：对那些有听力障碍的人，有音量控制的手机提供了最好的（）。有音量控制的手机为听力障碍的人解决了一个生活中的难题，所以手机是一个解决办法，所以答案选D。

4.单选题

Inmyeyes,theoldgenerationisalways（）.

问题1选项

A.economic

B.costly

C.expensive

D.thrifty

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项economic“经济的；经济学的”；B选项costly“昂贵的；代价高的”；C选项expensive“昂贵的”；D选项thrifty“节检的；节约的”。句意：在我眼里，老一辈总是……的。关键词theoldgeneration老一辈的消费观偏向于节约。故选D。

5.单选题

Becauseoffather’spoorcircumstances,myuncle（）myeducation.

问题1选项

A.finances

B.maintains

C.supplies

D.affords

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项finances“负担经费，供给……经费”；B选项maintains“维持，保持”；C选项supplies“供应，提供”；D选项affords“买得起，提供”。句意：由于父亲的贫苦处境，我叔叔（）了我的教育。可以看出因为父亲的条件不好，所以是叔叔“资助了我的学习”，因此A选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Heopenedhislipsasif（）something.

问题1选项

A.saying

B.havingsaid

C.tohavesaid

D.tosay

【答案】D

【解析】考查asif的用法。asif引导从句，结构是“主语+系动词”，并且主语跟系动词都可以省略。本句完整的句子应该是：heopenedhislipsasifhewasgoingtosaysomething.其中asif引导的从句的主语跟系动词可以省略，所以选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Youhavetohaveyourlibrarycardwithyouifyouwanttoborrowbooks,______?

问题1选项

A.haven’tyou

B.willyou

C.mustn’tyou

D.don’tyou

【答案】D

【解析】考查附加疑问句。附加疑问句，即反意疑问句，指在陈述句后面对陈述句所叙述的事实提出的疑问。这个句子的陈述部分用的动词是haveto，表示肯定，且是一个实义动词，所以反意疑问句应该使用助动词do的否定，D项符合。A选项存在的前提是前面的陈述句里用了助动词have，如：Youhavedoneit,haven’tyou?但是这个句子里面的haveto是一个实意动词，A项错误。B项和C项同理，都需要陈述句里有will或must才正确。因此，该题选择D项。

8.填空题

TheUnitedStatesisanationofsuburbs.The1990census（人口普查）makesitofficial.Nearlyhalfthecountry’spopulationnowlivesinsuburbs,upfromaquarterin1950andathirdin1960.

ThethirdcenturyofAmericanhistoryisshapingupasthesuburbancentury.Until1920mostAmericanslivedinruralareas.By1960thecountrywasathirdurban,athirdrural,andathirdsuburban.Thatbalancedidn’tlastlong,however.By1990theurbanpopulationhadslippedto31percentandtheruralpopulationwasdowntolessthanaquarter.Wearenowasuburbannationwithanurbanfringeandaruralfringe.

ThefirstcenturyofAmericanlifewasdominatedbytheruralmyth:thesturdyandself-reliantJeffersonianfarmer.Bytheendofthenineteenthcentury,however,Americansweregettingoffthefarmsasfastastheycould,toescapethehardshipandbrutalityofrurallife.

Mostofthetwentiethcenturyhasbeendominatedbytheurbanmyth:themeltingpot;NewYork,NewYork;thecitiesasthenation’sgreatenginesofprosperityandculture.Allthewhile,however,Americanshavebeengettingoutofthecitiesassoonastheycanaffordtobuyahouseandacar.Theywanttoescapethecrowdinganddangersofurbanlife.Butthereismoretoitthanescape.AsKennethT.JacksonarguesinCrabgrassFrontier,ahistoryofsuburbanizationintheUnitedStates,thepullfactors(cheaphousingandtheidealofasuburban“dreamhouse”)havebeenasimportantasthepushfactorspopulationgrowthandracialprejudice).

The1990Censustellsthestoryoftheexplosivegrowthofsuburbs.Thatyearfourteenstateshadamajoritysuburbanpopulation,includingsixofthetenmostpopulousstates(California,Pennsylvania,Ohio,Michigan,Florida,andNewJersey).

Suburbangrowthisnotlikelytoendanytimesoon.Accordingtothepolls,43percentofBostonresidents,43percentofpeoplewholiveinLosAngeles,and60percentofthosewholiveinNewYorkCitysaytheywouldleavethecityiftheycould.WhentheGallupPollaskedAmericansin1989whatkindofplacetheywouldliketolivein,only19percentsaidacity.

Isthereasuburbanmyth?Surethereis.IthasbeenastapleofAmericanpopularculturesincethe1950s,fromtelevisionshowslikeTheAdventuresofOzzieandHarrietandLeaveIttoBeavertomovieslikeE.T.ThedebunkingofthesuburbanmythhasnowreachedAmericanpopularculture,wheretelevisioncomediesaboutlowermiddle-classfamilieslikeRoseanneandtheSimpsonsportraytheharshrealitiesofsuburbanlife-unemployment,troubledfamilies,and,aboveall,stress.

Write“A”forTrueor“F”forFalseinthebrackets:

_____61.ThegreaterpartoftheAmericanpopulationnowlivesinthesuburbs.

_____62.CheaphousingisoneofthereasonsforAmericanswantingtoliveinthesuburbs.

_____63.IntheU.S.ahouseinthesuburbsisasymbolofprosperityandculture.

_____64.In1989mostAmericansstillsaidtheypreferredlivinginurbanareas.

_____65.ThemainpartofAmericanpopularculturesincethe1950shasbeendominatedbythesuburbmyth.

【答案】F

T

F

F

F

【解析】1.定位到第一段Nearlyhalfthecountry’spopulationnowlivesinsuburbs,upfromaquarterin1950andathirdin1960.（美国现在有近一半的人口住在郊区，而1950年只有四分之一，1960年只有三分之一。）题干与原文不符，因此不对。

2.定位到第四段thepullfactors(cheaphousingandtheidealofasuburban“dreamhouse”)havebeenasimportantasthepushfactorspopulationgrowthandracialprejudice.（牵引力因素——廉价住房和郊区“梦想之家”的理想与人口增长和种族偏见一样重要），可以得知廉价的住房也是他们离开的原因之一，因此题干表达正确。

3.定位到第四段thecitiesasthenation’sgreatenginesofprosperityandculture.（城市是国家繁荣和文化的重要引擎。）而不是美国的房子是繁荣和文化的象征。因此题干和原文的表达是不符的，错误。

4.定位到倒数第二段WhentheGallupPollaskedAmericansin1989whatkindofplacetheywouldliketolivein,only19percentsaidacity.（1989年，盖洛普民意测验询问美国人他们想住在什么样的地方，只有19%的人回答是城市。）这一句和题干不相符，只有19%的人们表示喜欢居住在城市，并不是题干说的大部分，因此错误。

5.定位到第三段和第四段ThefirstcenturyofAmericanlifewasdominatedbytheruralmyth:thesturdyandself-reliantJeffersonianfarmer.Bytheendofthenineteenthcentury,however,Americansweregettingoffthefarmsasfastastheycould,toescapethehardshipandbrutalityofrurallife.Mostofthetwentiethcenturyhasbeendominatedbytheurbanmyth（美国人生活的第一个世纪被乡村神话所主宰：强壮而自立的杰斐逊式农民。然而，到了19世纪末，美国人开始尽可能快地离开农场，以逃避农村生活的艰难和残酷。20世纪的大部分时间里，都市神话一直占据着主导地位）原文并没有说是具体哪一年被谁主导，因此题干的表述也是不对的，错误。

9.单选题

CardinalMEZZOFANTIofBolognawasasecularsaintwhowassaidtospeak72languages.Or50.Noonewascertainofthetruefigure,butitwasalot.VisitorsflockedfromallcomersofEuropetotesthimandcameawaystunned.Twocondemnedprisonerswereduetobeexecuted,butnooneknewtheirlanguagetoheartheirconfession.Mezzofantilearneditinanight,heardtheirsinsthenextmorningandsavedthemfromhell.

Orsothelegendgoes.In“BabelNoMore”,MichaelErardhaswrittenthefirstseriousbookaboutthepeoplewhomastervastnumbersoflanguages—orclaimto.Ajournalistwithsomelinguisticstraining,Mr.Erardisnotahyperpolyglothimself(hespeakssomeSpanishandChinese),butheapproacheshistopicwithbothwonderandahealthydashofscepticism.

Tofindoutwhetheranyonecouldreallylearnsomanylanguages,Mr.ErardsetouttofindModernMezzofantis.Thepeoplehemeetsarecertainlyinteresting.Onemanwithamentalageofninehasavastmemoryforforeignwordsandtheuseofgrammaticalendings,buthecannotseemtobreakfreeofEnglishwordorder.KenHals,whowasalinguistattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyanddiedin2001,wassaidtohavelearned50languages.Professionallinguistssillswearbyhistalent.Butheinsistedhespokeonlythree(English,SpanishandWarlpiri—fromAustralia’sNorthernTerritory)andcouldmerely“talk”inothers.Mr.Erardsaysthattruehyperpolyglotterybeginsatabout11languages,andthatwhilelegendsabound,triedandtestedexemplarsarefew.

Attheendofhisstory,however,ErardfindsasurpriseinMezzofanti’sarchive:flashcards.Stacksofthem,inGeorgian,Hungarian,Arabic,Algonquinandnineothertongues.Theworld’smostcelebratedhyperpolyglotreliedonthesametoolsgiventofirst-yearlanguagelearnerstoday.Theconclusion?Hyperpolyglotsmaybeginwithtalentbuttheyaren’tgeniuses.Theysimplyenjoytasksthataredrudgerytonormalpeople.Thetalentandenjoymentdriveavirtuouscyclethatpushesthemtofeatsotherssimplyshaketheirheadsat.

1.Theword“hyperpolyglot”(para.2)referstotheonewho（）.

2.By“ahealthydashofskepticism”,theauthordemonstratesMr.Erard’s（）.

3.Mr.Erard’seffortstofindtheModernMezzofantis（）.

4.Whatistheemphasisinthelastparagraph?

5.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof（）.

问题1选项

A.enjoyslearninglanguages

B.receivesstrictlanguagetraining

C.speaksmanylanguages

D.excelsinlanguagetests

问题2选项

A.biasedopinion

B.objectiveattitude

C.strongmotivation

D.extremecuriosity

问题3选项

A.arenotveryfruitful

B.willnotendinvain

C.seemtopayoff

D.arehighlyappreciated

问题4选项

A.Thereisnoshortcutinlanguagelearning.

B.Weallhavethepotentialtobeagoodlanguagelearner.

C.Somepeoplearemoregiftedtolearnlanguages.

D.Goodlanguagelearnershavespeciallearningtechniques.

问题5选项

A.aresearchpaper

B.asciencefiction

C.anewsreport

D.abookreview

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.语义推测题。根据第二段第三句Ajournalistwithsomelinguisticstraining,Mr.Erardisnotahyperpolyglothimself(hespeakssomeSpanishandChinese)，（埃拉尔是一名记者，接受过一些语言学训练，但他自己并不是（），他会说一点西班牙语和汉语），会说一点西班牙语和汉语用来补充解释前面的hyperpolyglot，和C选项“会说多种语言”对应，hyperpolyglot是“语言狂人”，故C选项正确。A选项“喜欢学语言”文章没有提到。B选项“接受严格的语言训练”：Erard学过一些，说不上严格。D选项“擅长语言测试”，文章没有讲语言测试。因此C选项正确。

2.语义推测题。根据第三段最后一句Mr.Erardsaysthattruehyperpolyglotterybeginsatabout11languages,andthatwhilelegendsabound,triedandtestedexemplarsarefew.（埃拉尔说，真正的语言狂人大约从会11种语言开始，虽然传说比比皆是，但经过验证的例子却很少。），可知实际上语言狂人没有大家所知的那么多，所以Erard的怀疑是客观的，故B选项“客观的态度”正确，A选项“有偏见的观点”错误。C选项“强烈的动机”和D选项“极度的好奇心”和事例无关。因此B选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据第三段第一句Tofindoutwhetheranyonecouldreallylearnsomanylanguages,Mr.ErardsetouttofindModernMezzofantis.（为了弄清楚是否真的有人能学会这么多语言，埃拉尔开始寻找现代的Mezzofantis。），和第三段最后一句triedandtestedexemplarsarefew（通过验证的例子很少），表明Erard的调查目的起码有些成效，故C选项“似乎有回报”正确。A选项“都不是很有成效”：在这过程中Erard遇到很多有趣的人，做了一些测试，得到一些结果。B选项“不会徒然结束”：没有提到后续相关事情。D选项“高度赞赏”：文中没有对调查结果的评价。因此C选项正确。

4.语义推测题。根据第四段最后两句Theysimplyenjoytasksthataredrudgerytonormalpeople.Thetalentandenjoymentdriveavirtuouscyclethatpushesthemtofeatsotherssimplyshaketheirheadsat.（他们只是喜欢那些对普通人来说是苦差事的工作。天赋和乐趣驱动着一个良性循环，推动他们去完成别人根本不屑的壮举。），天赋和乐趣推动掌握多种语言的人持续不断的学习，也就是对普通人来说是苦差事又不屑的壮举，故A选项“语言学习没有捷径”正确。B选项“我们都有潜力成为一个好的语言学习者”和C选项“有些人在学习语言方面更有天赋”：有的人一开始或许是有天赋，但有天赋还不够，而持续学习不是普通人会做的。D选项“好的语言学习者有特殊的学习技巧”：根据最后一段第三句Theworld’smostcelebratedhyperpolyglotreliedonthesametoolsgiventofirst-yearlanguagelearnerstoday.（世界上最著名的语言狂人使用的工具和今天给一年级语言学习者是一样的。），可知D选项“好的语言学习者有特殊的学习技巧”错误。因此A选项正确。

5.主旨大意题。根据文章通过多个例子证明自己的观点，可知本文是议论体裁，故A选项“研究论文”正确。B选项“科幻小说”：没有幻想和科技的成分。C选项“新闻报道”：讲述事例不够客观。D选项“书评”：没有详细评价和介绍书。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Wetriedtonegotiatebuttheywereadamant.

问题1选项

A.disagreeable

B.confident

C.hostile

D.unyielding

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.disagreeable不愉快的，厌恶的，脾气坏的B.confident自信的，确定的

C.hostile敌对的，敌意的D.unyielding不屈的，坚强的，坚定的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】由but可知，前后句意为转折，前面提到“我们试图谈判”，所以推断adamant表示“态度坚决”。因此，D选项词义与划线部分单词含义最为接近，故本题正确答案为D选项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项与划线单词的意思不符合。

【句意】我们试图谈判，但他们态度坚决。

11.单选题

Whenthedoctordoesageneralexperimentaboutthehumanmind,heselectspeople（）andasksthemalotofquestions.

问题1选项

A.atrandom

B.atlength

C.inessence

D.inbulk

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项atrandom“胡乱地；随便地；随意地”；B选项atlength“最后，终于；详细地”；C选项inessence“本质上；其实；大体上”；D选项inbulk“散装；大量”。句意：当医生对人类的大脑做一个综合性实验时，他随意挑选人且问他们很多问题。结合句意，A选项正确。

12.单选题

Thediversityoftropicalplantsintheregionrepresentsaseemingly（）sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilized.

问题1选项

A.Inexhaustible

B.exploited

C.remarkable

D.controversial

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。inexhaustible“取之不尽的，用不完的”;exploited“被开发利用的”;remarkable“卓越的，非凡的”;controversial“有争议的”。句意:该区域热带植物的多样性似乎是取之不尽用之不竭的原料来源，其中只有少数得到利用。选项A符合句意。

13.单选题

Ifyouplaywithelectricity,youmaygetanelectric______.

问题1选项

A.strike

B.beat

C.shock

D.knock

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项strike“击，打，踢；打击”；B选项beat“有规律的敲击（声）；（音乐、诗歌等的）节拍”；C选项shock“电击”，electricshock；D选项knock“敲，击；（常为无意地）碰，撞”。句意：如果你玩弄电，就可能会______。根据语境，这里指被电打到，C选项shock“电击”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

Earlylastyearthecompanyresearchedthepossibilityof（）anewlate-night

show.

问题1选项

A.launching

B.longing

C.leading

D.landing

【答案】A

【解析】句意：去年年初，这个公司研究了（）新的深夜秀的可能性。A选项launching发动；开展（活动、计划等）；B选项longing渴望；C选项leading领导；引导；D选项landing登岸；

降临。选项A符合句意。

15.单选题

Thereis（）whatwillhappentothem.

问题1选项

A.notelling

B.nottelling

C.nottotell

D.nottobetold

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。thereisnotelling意为：难以预料，很难说。句意：很那说他发生了什么事。

16.单选题

Thefollowingqualificationsareessentialforthepost:anhonorsdegreeinEnglish,_______inshorthandandtypewritingandsomeexperienceinjournalism.

问题1选项

A.proficiency

B.expertise

C.knowledge

D.familiarity

【答案】A

【解析】proficiency精通,熟练;expertise专门技术;familiarity熟悉。句意：应聘该职位必须具备以下条件:英语荣誉学位,速记和打字熟练,有一定的新闻工作经验。选项A符合句意。

17.单选题

Thesepollutantscanbe（

）hundredsandeventhousandsofkilometersbylargeairmasses.

问题1选项

A.conveyed

B.conjectured

C.conjured

D.conserved

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。convey“传播，输送”；conjecture“推测”；conjure“用魔法变出，想象”；conserve“保全，保护”。句意为：这些污染物会因为强大的气团而被传播至百里，甚至千里之外。选项A符合句意。

18.单选题

26-30

问题1选项

A.Hewastheownerofagrocerystore.

B.Hewasaconvictlaboringatajunkyard.

C.Hestruggledunderthestrainofpoverty.

D.Helivedhappilywithhiswifeandthreekids.

问题2选项

A.Heisastockbroker.

B.Heisaninvestmentadvisor.

C.Heisthemanagerofamutualfund.

D.Heisateacheratlocalcommunitycollege.

问题3选项

A.Indecision.

B.Arrogance.

C.Ignorance.

D.Fear.

问题4选项

A.Hebeganteachingoninvestmentatcollege.

B.Hebeganreadinginvestmentbooksandthenbeganpracticing.

C.Hebeganlearninghowtobecomeasuccessfulstockbroker.

D.Hebeganinvestingbigmoneyinamutualfundeachmonth.

问题5选项

A.Manerrsaslongashestrives.

B.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.

C.Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.

D.Thegoodseamanisknowninbadweather.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】Twentyyearsago,JeffHarrishardlyseemedontheroadtowealth.(26)Hewasacollegedropoutwhostruggledtosupporthiswife,DeAnn,andthreekids,workingasagrocerystoreclerkandatajunkyardwherehemeltedscrapmetalalongsideconvicts.“Attimesweweresobrokethatwewashedourclothesinthebathtubbecausewecouldn'taffordthelaundromat.”(27)Nowhe’sa49-year-oldinvestmentadvisorandmultimillionaireinYork,SouthCarolina.

TherewasonebigreasonJeffpulledaheadofthepack:Healwaysknewhe’dberich.Therealityisthat80percentofAmericansworthatleast$5milliongrewupinmiddle-classorlesserhouseholds,justlikeJeff.

“Wantingtobewealthyisacrucialfirststep,”saysHarvEker,authorofSecretsoftheMillionaireMind.“(28)Thebiggestobstacletowealthisfear.Peopleareafraidtothinkbig,butifyouthinksmall,you’llonlyachievesmallthings.”

ItallstartedforJeffwhenhemetastockbrokerataChristmasparty.“Talkingtohim,itfeltlikediscoveringfire,”hesays.(29)“Istartedreadingbooksaboutinvestingduringmybreaksatthegrocerystore,andIbeganputting$25amonthinamutualfund.”Nexthetaughtaclassatalocalcommunitycollegeoninvesting.Hisstudentsbecamehisfirstclients,whichledtohisinvestmentpractice.(30)“Therewerelotsofstruggles,”saysJeff,“butwhatgotmethroughwasbelievingwithallmyheartthatIwouldsucceed.”

26.WhatwastrueaboutJeffHarrisdonow?

【解析】细节题。文中讲到他在废品站和杂货铺工作来支持家庭生活，故选C。

27.WhatdoesJeffHarrisTwentyyearsago?

【解析】细节题。文中讲到现在他是一个49岁的investmentadvisor。

28.AccordingtoHarvEker,authorofSecretsoftheMillionaireMind,whatisthebiggesthurdletowealth?

【解析】细节题。文中讲到获取财富最大的障碍是fear。

29.WhatdidJeffHarrisdoafterhemethisluckystar—astockbroker?

【解析】细节题。他首先在杂货店里开始学习投资方面的书，然后在本地社区大学里教投资课程，他的学生成了他的第一拨客户。

30.WhichofthefollowingmottoswouldyouassociateJeffHarriswith?

【解析】主旨题。通过全文推理可知，Jeff最开始贫困潦倒，通过不懈努力获得成功。

19.单选题

Theseeffectsresultinnutrientimbalancesinplants,______reducingplantgrowth.

问题1选项

A.consecutively

B.subsequently

C.consequently

D.consistently

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A项consecutively“连续地”，B项subsequently“随后，其后”，C项consequently“因此，结果”，D项consistently“一贯地”。根据关键词nutrientimbalancesinplants（植物的营养失衡）和reducingplantgrowth（减少了植物的生长）可知，前后是因果关系，所以C项符合。句意：这些影响导致植物营养失衡，从而降低植物生长。因此，该题选择C项正确。

20.单选题

Pleaseputyouremptycigarettepacketsandpaperbagsinthe______binsprovided.

问题1选项

A.junk

B.litter

C.scrap

D.deposit

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。junk“废物”；litter“垃圾”；scrap“残余物”；deposit“沉淀物”。Litterbin指“垃圾箱”，因此B选项符合题意。

21.单选题

Somepeoplethinkthata（

）translation,orword-for-wordtranslation,iseasierthanafreetranslation.

问题1选项

A.literal

B.literary

C.liberal

D.linear

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。literal“照原文的，逐字的”；literary“文学的”；liberal“自由的”；linear“直线的”。句意：一些人认为直译或者逐字的翻译要比意译简单。选项A符合题意。

22.单选题

BarackObama'shealthreformsWHENBarackObamasignedasweepingsetofhealthreformsintolawonMarch23rd2010,heknewitwasahistoricmoment-andnotjustbecauseJoeBiden,thevice-president,whisperedintohisearthatitwasa"bigfuckingdeal".Hehadsuccessfullyriddenthewaveofpopularsupportthatbroughthimintoofficetodeliveruniversalhealthcoverage,afeatthateludedallhispredecessors.

Buttherealityofpoliticshasobstructedthatgranddream.RepublicanleadersinCongressaretryingtorepealthelawoutright.Severalfederaljudgeshaveruledthatoneofthecentralprovisionsofthenewreforms,an"individualmandate"requiringeveryonetopurchasecoverage,isunconstitutional.AndarecentpollbytheKaiserFamilyFoundation(KFF),anon-partisanoutfit,revealedthathostilitytothelawsamongpoliticallyvitalindependentshasshotupsharply.Oneyearon,howfaresMr.Obama'sproudestachievement?

Thechiefstrategyusedbytheadministrationtowinoverskepticsandtounderminelegalchallengesistopresentthenewlawsasanunstoppablejuggernaut.Forexample,whenKathleenSebelius,thesecretaryofhealthandhumanservices,spokeaboutthereformtotheSenateFinanceCommitteeonMarch16th,shepointedtoevidenceofan"enormousdifferenceithasmadeinthelivesofAmericans".

True,theadministrationhasrushedintoforceprovisionsaffectingconsumersdirectly,inaneffortwinpopularsupport.Forexample,someforbidinsurersfromdenyingcoveragetochildrenwithpre-existingconditions,orimposinglifetimepayoutcapsonanyone.Thenewlawsalsoalreadyrequireinsurerstocoverchildrenupto26ontheirparents'policies,whichwillbenefitsome1.2myoungpeople.Nearly48mpeopleonMedicare,thegovernmenthealthschemefortheelderly,aretogetfreepreventiveservicessuchascolonoscopiesandmammograms.In2010nearly4mofthemgot$250tax-freerebatestohelppayfordrugs.

Allthatseemsimpressive,buthere’stherub:manyAmericansdonotbelieveMrs.Sebelius.RoughlyhalfofthosepolledbyKF'FthoughtObamacarehadalreadybeenrepealedorwereunsureoffooting.Itremainsthelawoftheland.

Theadministrationisalsoforgingaheadwithlessvisibleaspectsofthenewlaws.By2014,whenthebulkofthereform’sprovisionskickin,statesarerequiredtohaveputregulatedinsuranceexchangesinplacesothatconsumerscanbuyplansthatmeetminimumstandardsforcoverage.Allwouldberequiredtobuyinsurance,butthelesswell-offwillgetsubsidies.Thefederalgovernmentisofferingtechnicalassistanceaswellasmoneytostatestonudgethemtowardsestablishingsuchmarket-places.Alas,inthistooMr.Obamahashitsnags.SomeRepublican-ledstates,firstamongthemAiaskaandFlorida,arerefusingtotakethemoney,whilemanyothersaredemandingtherules.Tothesurpriseofsome,Mr.ObamaannouncedatarecentmeetingofgovernorsattheWhiteHousethathesupportsaplan-firstproposedbyRonWyden,asparkyDemocraticsenator-togrant"innovationwaivers"startingin2014.Aslongasstatesmeetgeneralgoalsoncoveringmorepeopleandcurbingcosts,theywillbegivenflexibilityinhowtheysetuptheirlocalinsurancemarkets.

1.BarackObamaknewhissetofhealthreformswasatahistoricmomentbecauseof（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsareNotTrue?

3.KathleenSenelius,thesecretaryofhealthandhumanservices,has（）.

4.AccordingtothepollbyKFF,Obamacare（）.

5.AccordingtoObamacare,statescanbefreeinwaysofbuildinglocalinsurancemarketsifthey（）.

问题1选项

A.JoeBiden,thevice-president,thoughtthatitwasa"bigfuckingdeal".

B.hehimselfwaspopularlysupported.

C.itwasafeatthatsurpassedalltheotherpresidents.

D.itwasauniversallycoveredhealthreform

问题2选项

A.ThatgranddreamofObama'shealthreformhasbeenpoliticallyconstructed

B.RepublicanleadersinCongressdisagreedwithObama'shealthreform.

C.IndependentstookahostileattitudetowardsObama'shealthreform.

D.SeveralfederaljudgeshaveregardedObama’shealthreformunlawful.

问题3选项

A.beenstronglysupportedbytheinsurers.

B.greatlyimpressedbythehealthreform

C.deniedanenormousdifferencethehealthreformmadeinthelivesofAmericans

D.comeacrossarubinpromotingthehealthreform

问题4选项

A.lackedlegalrootingandhasbeenrepealed.

B.wongreatsupportfromthosepulled.

C.seemsimpressiveandsuccessful

D.wasbelievedbynobody.

问题5选项

A.takethemoney

B.cancovermorepeopleandcontrolthecostsofinsurance.

C.regulatetheirinsurancemarkets

D.innovatethelaw.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:Hehadsuccessfullyriddenthewaveofpopularsupportthatbroughthimintoofficetodeliveruniversalhealthcoverage,afeatthateludedallhispredecessors(他借民意支持成功上位，以推行全民健康保险，这项功绩可谓前无古人)。所以，他认为此次医疗改革是历史性时刻的原因是这项功绩，即D项“这是一项全民医保改革”。

2.判断推理题。第二段指出:Buttherealityofpoliticshasobstructed

thatgranddream(但是，政治的现实性使得这一伟大梦想障碍重重)。因此，A项“从政治上说，奥巴马医改的伟大梦想得以建造”不符合原文所述。答案选A。

3.判断推理题。根据题干关键词KathleenSebelius定位至第五段:Allthatseemsimpressive,buthere’stherub:manyAmericansdonotbelieveMrs.Sebelius(这一切听起来甚是美好，可问题在于：许多美国人并不信任西贝利厄斯女士)。因此D项“她在推行医改中遭遇困难”正确，同时排除A和B项。第三段指出:shepointedtoevidenceofan‘enormousdifferenceithasmadeinthelivesofAmericans(她指出‘其在美国社会中业已产生的巨大影响‘这一证词),因此可排除C项。故答案选D。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词thepollbyKFF定位至第五段:RoughlyhalfofthosepolledbyKFFthoughtObamacarehadalreadybeenrepealedorwereunsureofitslegalfooting.Itremainsthelawoftheland(凯萨家庭基金会所收集的近一半投票都认为奥式医改方案己被撤销或是仍缺失法律基础。这仅是一时之策)。因此A项“缺乏法律基础并且已被撤销”正确。

5.细节事实题。根据题干关键词befreeinwaysofbuildinglocalinsurancemarkets定位至租后一段:Aslongasstatesmeetgeneralgoalsoncoveringmorepeopleandcurbingcosts,theywillbegivenflexibilityinhowtheysetuptheirlocalinsurancemarkets(只要该州达到使更多人参保并抑制成本的目标，就能拥有如何创建当地保险市场的自主权)。因此选B项“他们能覆盖更多人（参加保险）并且控制保险成本”。

23.单选题

Itisa(n)（

）thattheFrencheatsomuchrichfoodandyethavearelativelylowrateofheartdisease.

问题1选项

A.analogy

B.paradox

C.correlation

D.illusion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。analogy“类比”；paradox“悖论，反论”；correlation“相关，关联”；illusion“幻觉，错觉”。句意：法国人吃很多油腻的东西，但心脏病的发病率却比较低，这是一种很矛盾的现象。根据前后句句意及yet表转折可知，B项符合句意，答案B。

24.单选题

GregoryCurrie,aprofessorofphilosophyeattheUniversityofNottingham,recentlyarguedinTheNewYorkTimesthatweoughtnottoclaimthatliteratureimprovesusaspeople,becausethereisno“compellingevidencethatsuggeststhatpeoplearemorallyorsociallybetterforreadingTolstoy”orothergreatbooks.

Actually,thereissuchevidence.RaymondMar,apsychologistatYorkUniversityinCanada,andKeithOatley,aprofessorofcognitivepsychologyattheUniversityofToronto,reportedinstudiespublishedin2006and2009thatindividualswhooftenreadfictionappeartobebetterabletounderstandotherpeople,empathize(起共鸣)withthemandviewtheworldfromtheirperspective.Thislinkpersistedevenaftertheresearchersfactoredinthepossibilitythatmoreempatheticindividualsmightchoosetoreadmorenovels.

Recentresearchincognitivescience,psychologyandneurosciencehasdemonstratedthatdeepreadingofbooksisadistinctiveexperience,verydifferentfromtheinformation-drivenreadingwedoontheWeb.Althoughdeepreadingdoesnot,strictlyspeaking,requireaconventionalbook,thebuilt-inlimitsoftheprintedpageareuniquelyconducivetothedeepreadingexperience.Abook'slackofhyperlinksallowsthereadertoremainfullyimmersedinthenarrative,withouthavingtomakesuchdecisionsaswhethertoclickonalinkornot.

Thatimmersionissupportedbythewaythebrainhandleslanguagerichinsensorydetailandemotionalandmoralcomplexity,bycreatingamentalrepresentationthatdrawsonthesamebrainregionsthatwouldbeactiveifthescenewereunfoldinginreallife.Theemotionalsituationsandmoraldilemmasthatarethestuffofliteraturearealsovigorousexerciseforthebrain,propellingusinsidetheheadsoffictionalcharactersandevenincreasingourreal-lifecapacityforempathy.

Thisisnotreadingasmanyyoungpeoplearecomingtoknowit.Theirreading,mostlydoneonscreen,ispragmaticandinstrumental.Ifweallowourchildrentobelievereadingonscreenisallthereis,wewillhavedeprivedthemofanenjoyableandenlighteningexperiencethatwillenlargethemaspeople.Insteadmoldingoureducationaroundyoungpeople’sattachmenttodigitaldevicesandonscreenhabits,weneedtoshowthemsomeplacethey’veneverbeento,aplaceonlydeepreadingcantakethemto.

1.Prof,GregoryCurriearguesthat（）.

2.ThestudiesofRaymondMarandKeithOatleyshowthat（）.

3.Deepreadingofpaperbookscomparedwithreadingontheweb（）.

4.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethattheauthor（）.

问题1选项

A.literaturedoesn'tshowpeople’smoralorsocialstandards

B.onlygoodliteratureshowspeople’smoralandsocialvalues

C.readingfictionwon'timprovepeoplemorallyorsocially

D.onlyreadinggreatbooksbenefitspeoplemorallyandsocially

问题2选项

A.em