考研考博-英语-中央财经大学考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中央财经大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Suchasanguineconclusionmayseemoddatatimewhenfuriousargumentsarenodoubtragingbehindthescenes.

问题1选项

A.puissant

B.sapient

C.propitious

D.berserk

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项puissant“强大的，强盛的；有势力的，有权力的”；B选项sapient“聪明的；伶俐的；装聪明样的；有见识的”；C选项propitious“适合的；有利的；顺利的”；D选项berserk“狂怒的，失控的：（激动得）控制不住的”。句意：在激烈的争论毫无疑问正在幕后肆虐之际，这样一个乐观的结论可能显得有些奇怪。sanguine“乐观的；满怀希望的；面色红润的”，C选项与该词意思最相近，因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Shedecidedtoaccepthisofferofmarriageafterhe（

）herformonthswithflowersandexpensivepresents.

问题1选项

A.wrung

B.wriggled

C.wonted

D.wooed

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项wring“蠕动、扭动”；B选项wriggle“使蠕动、蠕动到”；C选项wont“使习惯于”；D选项woo“追求、求爱”，根据句中关键词“marriage结婚；flowersandexpensivepresents鲜花和昂贵的礼物”可知woo“追求、求爱”符合语境，句意为：在他以鲜花和昂贵的礼物向她求爱数月之后，她决定接受他的求婚。故正确答案选D。

3.单选题

Themayorisawomanwithgreatand（

）,thereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialsupport.

问题1选项

A.intention

B.instinct

C.integrity

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项intention“意图，目的”；B选项instinct“本能，天性”；C选项integrity“正直，完整”；D选项intensity“剧烈，强度”。句意：市长是一位十分正直的女性，所以值得我们给予政治和经济上的支持。A，B和D项不与with搭配，结合句意，C选项正确。

4.单选题

Whenthepartyfinishedat11o’clock,theballoonsmyunclehad（）atourdinnertablehadmostofthemexploded.

问题1选项

A.blownup

B.blownover

C.blownout

D.blownin

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。blowup“吹胀”，本句意为“……叔叔吹胀放在餐桌上的气球，大部分都爆了”，想要的表达的意思是吹胀的气球爆了。选项A正确。

5.单选题

Inthosedays,executivesexpectedtospendmostoftheirlivesinthesamefirmand,unlesstheyweredismissedfor（）,toretireattheageof65.

问题1选项

A.denial

B.deduction

C.integrity

D.incompetence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项denial“否认，拒绝”，B项deduction“扣除，减除”，C项integrity“完整，正直”，D项incompetence“无资格，无能力”。根据句中的关键词dismissed（被解雇）可知，只有D项可以成为被解雇的理由。句意：在那些日子里，高管们希望在同一家公司度过他们的大部分生命，除非他们因为不称职而被解雇，否则他们将在65岁退休。因此，该题选择D项正确。

6.单选题

Shewassofatthatshecouldonlyjust（）throughthedoor.

问题1选项

A.assemble

B.appear

C.squeeze

D.gather

【答案】C

【解析】句意:她如此胖，以至于只能挤过这扇门。

考查动词辨析。assemble聚集，集合，收集;appear出现，显得，似乎，看来；squeeze挤，紧握，勒索；squeezethrough挤过，勉强通过;gather收集，收割，使……聚集。故C符合句意。

7.单选题

MostAmericansbelievethatoursocietyofconsumption-happy,fun-loving,jet-travelingpeoplecreatesthegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumber.Contrarytothisview,Ibelievethatourpresentwayoflifeleadstoincreasinganxiety,helplessand,eventually,tothedisintegrationofourculture.Irefusetoidentifyfunwithpleasure,excitementwithjoy,businesswithhappiness,orthefaceless,buck-passing"organizationman"withanindependentindividual.

Fromthiscriticalviewourratesofalcoholism,suicideanddivorce,aswellasjuveniledelinquency,gangrule,actsofviolenceandindifferencetolife,arecharacteristicsymptomsofour“pathologyofnormalcy”.Itmaybearguedthatallthesepathologicalphenomenaexistbecausewehavenotyetreachedouraim,thatofanaffluentsociety.Itistrue,wearestillfarfrombeinganaffluentsociety.Butthematerialprogressmadeinthelastdecadesallowsustohopethatoursystemmighteventuallyproduceamateriallyaffluentsociety.Yetwillwebehappierthen?TheexampleofSweden,oneofthemostprosperous,democraticandpeacefulEuropeancountries,isnotveryencouraging:Sweden,asisoftenpointedout,inspiteofallitsmaterialsecurityhasthehighestalcoholismandsuicideratesinEurope,whileamuchpoorercountrylikeIrelandranksamongthelowestintheserespects.Coulditbethatourdreamthatmaterialwelfareperseleadstohappinessisjustapipedream?

Certainlythehumanistthinkersoftheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,whoareourideologicalancestors,thoughtthatthegoaloflifewasthefullfoldingofaperson'spotentialities;whatmatteredtothemwasthepersonwhoismuch,nottheonewhohasmuchorusesmuch.Forthemeconomicproductionwasameanstotheunfoldingofman,notanend.itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends,thatnotonly“Godisdead”，asNietzschesaidinthenineteenthcentury,butalsomanisdead,thatwhatisalivearetheorganizations,themachines;andthatmanhasbecometheirslaveratherthanbeingtheirmaster.

Eachsocietycreatesitsowntypeofpersonalitybyitswayofbringingupchildreninthefamily,byitssystemofeducation,byitseffectivevalues(thatis,thosevaluesthatarerewardedratherthanonlypreached.)Everysocietycreatesthetypesof“socialcharacter”whichisneededforitsproperfunctioning.Itformsmenwhowanttodowhattheyhavetodo.Whatkindofmendoesourlargescale,bureaucratizedindustrialismneed?

Itneedsmenwhocooperatesmoothlyinlargegroups,whowanttoconsumemoreandmoreandwhosetastesarestandardizedandcanbeeasilyinfluencedandanticipated.Itneedsmenwhofeelfreeandindependent,yetwhoarewillingtobecommanded,todowhatisexpected,tofitintothesocialmachinewithoutfriction;menwhocanbeguidedwithoutforce,ledwithoutleaders,promptedwithoutanaimexcepttheaimtobeonthemove,tofunction,togoahead.

1.TheauthorusestheexampleofSwedeninthesecondparagraphtoshowthat（）.

2.Comparedwiththinkersofthe18thand19thcenturies,peopletoday（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichtypeofindividualmightbemostwelcomeintoday’ssociety?

5.Theauthorwritesthisarticleto（）.

问题1选项

A.anaffluencesocietywillbefreefromthosepathologicalphenomena

B.SwedenisabettersocietythananyotherinEurope

C.aprosperouscountywillhavehigheralcoholismandsuicideratesthanapoorcountry

D.happinesshasnothingtodowithmaterialwelfare

问题2选项

A.aremoreconcernedabouthowtobringintofullplaypeople'spotentials

B.carelessaboutthematerialthingsoflifethanaboutthespiritualthings

C.regardmaterialthingsthemostimportantinlife

D.haveabsolutecontroloftheworld

问题3选项

A.theauthorstronglyopposeseconomicproduction

B.theauthorisinfavoroftheideologyofthethinkersofthe18thand19thcenturies

C.theauthorisafollowerofNietzsche

D.theauthorthinksthatprioritiesshouldbegiventoeconomicproduction

问题4选项

A.Peoplewhoarerebellious

B.Peoplewhohavetheorganizingability.

C.Peoplewhoareconformists.

D.Peoplewhocanoperatemachinesproperly.

问题5选项

A.describe

B.inform

C.narrate

D.comment

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第二段提出了问题:物质进步和人们的幸福之间是否有联系？随后通过列举Sweden的例子进行了回答:TheexampleofSweden...isnotveryencouraging(发生在瑞典的例子却并不是那么振奋人心)。由此可知瑞典的例子说明了物质的富裕与人们的幸福之间没有直接联系。因此D项“幸福与物质福利没有多大关系”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。A:更关注如何充分发挥人的潜能。B:不重视物质生活而更重视精神生活。C:视物质财富为生命中最重要的事。D:已经绝对掌控世界。第三段指出:Forthemeconomicproductionwasameanstotheunfoldingofmannotanend.Itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends(对于他们来说，经济成果是展现个人潜能的方式，而不是个人潜能的终结。但是如今，这种展现个人潜能的方式似乎已经不存在了)。以及:...manisdead,thatwhatisalivearetheorganizations,themachines;andthatmanhasbecometheirslaveratherthanbeingtheirmaster(人死了，活着的是组织和机器；人成了它们的奴隶，而不是主人)。由此可知，A项和D项错误。B项不符合原文所述。因此C项正确。

第3题:判断推理题。第三段开头先是介绍了18、19世纪人文思想家的观点:thegoaloflifewasthefullfoldingofaperson'spotentialities;whatmatteredtothemwasthepersonwhoismuch,nottheonewhohasmuchorusesmuch(人生的目标是充分展示个人潜在的能力；对他们来说重要的是人本身的价值，而并非占有和使用才是人的价值)。而后指出:Forthemeconomicproductionwasameanstotheunfoldingofman,notanend(对于他们来说，经济成果是展现个人潜能的方式，而不是个人潜能的终结)。此后是转折部分:Itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends,thatnotonly“Godisdead”，asNietzschesaidinthenineteenthcentury,butalsomanisdead,thatwhatisalivearetheorganizations,themachines;andthatmanhasbecometheirslaveratherthanbeingtheirmaster(但是如今，这种展现个人潜能的方式似乎已经不存在了。现如今，不仅是‘上帝已死’（尼采在19世纪所说），而且人也已经死了，活着也就是组织机构和机器。并且人已经变成了这些机构和机器的奴隶而不是主人)。由此推测，作者支持18、19世纪人文思想家的观点，但是作者并未表现出对经济成果的偏倚态度。故选B。

第4题:细节事实题。作者在第四段结尾提出问题:Whatkindofmendoesourlargescale,bureaucratizedindustrialismneed?(我们这个大规模的、官僚主义的工业化社会需要的是什么样的人群呢?)。而在最后一段对这种人群进行了说明:whosetastesarestandardized(品位标准化)。以及:...yetwhoarewillingtobecommanded,todowhatisexpected(乐意被指挥，乐意按照他人意愿做事)。由此可知现代社会需要的人是一些墨守成规的人，故选C。

第5题:判断推理题。文章开头提出:大多数人认为物质发展给社会带来了诸多幸福，但是作者持相反态度。接下来便是论证观点:物质财富并不能带来欢乐，本文是评论性质的文章，故选D项。

8.单选题

Questions11-13arebasedonthefollowingtalkaboutnapping.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions11-13.

11.Childrenunderfivehaveabundantenergypartlybecausethey（）.

12.Accordingtothespeaker,thesleeppatternofababyisdeterminedby（）.

13.Thetalksuggeststhat,ifyoufeelsleepythroughtheday,youshould（）.

问题1选项

A.sleepinthreedistinctparts

B.havemanyfiveminutenap

C.sleepinonelongblock

D.takeoneortwonapsdaily

问题2选项

A.itsgenes

B.itshabit

C.itsmentalstate

D.itsphysicalcondition

问题3选项

A.takesomerefreshment

B.gotobedearly

C.havealongrest

D.giveittosleep

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

【解析】第1题:

第2题:

第3题:

9.单选题

Hisfatherreadthenewspaperatthekitchentable,allthewhiledelivering（

）onthepoliticsofthedayforthebenefitofanyonewithinearshot.

问题1选项

A.complements

B.remarks

C.speech

D.animadversions

【答案】D

【解析】complement补语，补足物；remark言辞；speech演讲，讲话；animadversion批评，评语。句意：他的父亲坐在餐桌旁看报纸，一直批判当今政治只对极少数人有利。选项D更符合语境。

10.翻译题

许多人觉得跟计算机打交道比跟人打交道更自在。计算机更有耐心，不会对操作的人评头论足。许多学生向教师请教的时候，总会感到紧张，他们乐于向计算机提问。有些病人更愿意向计算机而不是向医生说明自己的病情，甚至出现了能够解决心理问题的计算机程序，因为许多人觉得与别人讨论自己的心理问题不太自在。

【答案】答：

Manypeoplefeelthatit’smorecomfortabletodealwithcomputersthanwithpeople.Theywillnotfeeljudgedbecausethecomputerismorepatient.Manystudentsfeelnervouswhentheyaskteachersforadvice,sotheyaremorewillingtoturntocomputers.Somepatientsprefertoexplaintheirillnesstoacomputerratherthanadoctor.Asaresult,thereareevencomputerprogramsthatcandealwithpsychologicalproblems,becausemanyfeeluncomfortablediscussingtheirpsychologicalproblemswithothers.

11.单选题

Nearlyalltreeshaveseedsthatfalltotheearth,takeroot,andeventually().

问题1选项

A.generatenewseeds

B.newseedsgenerated

C.generatesnewseeds

D.newseedsaregenerated

【答案】A

【解析】考查语法知识。本句的that用来引导定语从句修饰先行词seeds，定语从句中有三个并列的动作：fall，takeroot，generate；三个动作形式保持一致，因此A选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Theceremonywill（）assoonastheministerarrives.

问题1选项

A.complete

B.descend

C.disperse

D.commence

【答案】D

【解析】complete完成；descend下降；disperse分散；commence开始。句意：只要部长一到,典礼就开始。

13.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

20年来，中国从工业化、城镇化加快发展的国情出发，不断丰富可持续发展的内涵，积极应对国内外环境的复杂变化和一系列重大挑战，实现了经济平稳较快发展、人民生活显著改善，在控制人口总量、提高人口素质、节约资源和保护环境等方面取得了积极进展。同时，作为一个发展中国家，中国人口众多、‘生态脆弱、人均资源占有不足，人均国内生产总值尚排在全球百位左右，仍有1.22亿贫困人口，资源环境对经济发展的约束增强，区域发展不平衡问题突出，科技创新能力不强，改善民生的任务十分艰巨。

【答案】Overthepast20years,China,basedonitsnationalconditionsofbeingintheacceleratedindustrializationandurbanizationprocesses,hasenrichedtheconnotationsofsustainabledevelopment,activelyrespondedtothecomplexchangesintheenvironmentathomeandabroadandaseriesofmajorchallenges,andachievedsteadyandrapideconomicdevelopment,higherpeople’slivingstandards,andremarkableprogressinpopulationcontrol,populationqualityimprovement,resourcesconservationandenvironmentalprotection.Ontheotherhand,asadevelopingcountrywithalargepopulation,Chinaisfacedwithecologicalfragilityandinadequatepercapitaresources.Itspercapitagrossdomesticproduct(GDP)isstillrankedabout100thintheworldandtherearestill122millionpeoplelivinginpoverty.Moreover,giventhesevereresourcesandenvironmentconstrainsoneconomicdevelopment,pronouncedunevendevelopmentamongregions,andweakscientificandtechnologicalinnovationcapacities,Chinastillfacesandarduoustaskofimprovingpeople’slivelihood.

14.单选题

Wemustalsounderstandhowto（）betweenwhatshouldberememberedandwhatshouldbeforgotten.

问题1选项

A.differentiate

B.distinct

C.disengage

D.entangle

【答案】A

【解析】形近异义词解析。differentiate“区别，区分”；distinct“明显的”；disengage“使脱离，解开”，entangle“使纠缠，卷人”。句意：我们必须明白将需要记住的事和需要忘掉的事区分开来。选项A符合题意。

15.单选题

Duringthepreparationofpapersforseminars,Ihadtofacetheconsciousproblemofwritingaboutasystem（）silenceandlinkssuchreticencetoideasof'respect','order',and'discipline'inanall-encompassingpaternalism.

问题1选项

A.whatIknowprefers

B.whichIknowprefers

C.thatIknowpreferring

D.inwhichIknowtoprefer

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。根据题意，空格引导定语从句，先行词为system，由固定搭配inasystem“在系统里”，选项D符合题意。句意：在为研讨会准备论文的过程中，我不得不有意识地描写一个系统，在这个系统里面，我更愿意保持沉默，将这种沉默与“尊重”、“秩序”和“纪律”等概念联系在一起，形成了一种无所不包的家长式作风。选项D符合题意。

16.单选题

Inlargepartasaconsequenceofthefeministmovement,historianshavefocusedagreatdealofattentioninrecentyearsondeterminingmoreaccuratelythestatusofwomeninvariousperiods.Althoughmuchhasbeenaccomplishedforthemodernperiodpremoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.ThusitisnotparticularlysurprisingthatsomeearlierscholarshipconcerningsuchcultureshassofargoneunchallengeD.AnexampleisJohannBaehofen’s1861treatiseonAmazons,women-ruledsocietiesofquestionableexistencecontemporarywithancientGreece.

Startingfromthepremisethatmythologyandlegendpreserveatleastanucleusofhistoricalfact,Bachofenarguedthatwomenweredominantinmanyancientsocieties.HisworkwasbasedonacomprehensivesurveyofreferencesintheancientsourcestoAmazonianandothersocietieswithmatrilinealcustoms—societiesinwhichdescentandpropertyrightsaretracedthroughthefemaleline.Somesupportforhistheorycanbefoundinevidencesuchasthatdrawnfrom

Herodotus,theGreek“historian”ofthefifthcenturyB.C.,whopeaksofanAmazoniansociety,theSauromatae,wherethewomenhuntedandfoughtinwars.Awomaninthissocietywasnotallowedtomarryuntilshehadkilledapersoninbattle.

Nonetheless,thisassumptionthatthefirstrecordersofancientmythshavepreservedfactsisproblematiC.IfonebeginsbyexaminingwhyancientsrefertoAmazons,itbecomesclearthatancientGreekdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfact-realAmazoniansocieties-butrathertooffer"morallessons"onthesupposedoutcomeofwomen'sruleintheirownsociety.TheAmazonswereoftencharacterized,forexample,astheequivalentsofgiantsandcentaurs,enemiestobeslainbyGreekheroes.Theircustomswerepresentednotasthoseofrespectablesociety,butastheveryantithesesofordinary-Greekpractices.

Thus,IwouldarguethepurposeofaccountsoftheAmazonsfortheirmaleGreekrecorderswasdidactic,toteachbothmaleandfemaleGreeksthatallfemalegroups,formedbywithdrawalfromtraditionalsociety,aredestructiveanddangerous.MythsabouttheAmazonswerenotforthemale-dominatedstatusquo,inwhichgroupscomposedexclusivelyofeithersexwerenotpermittedtosegregatethemselvespermanentlyfromsocietyBachofenwasthusmisledinhisrelianceonmythsforinformationaboutthestatusofwomen.Thesourcesthatwillprobablytellcontemporaryhistoriansmostaboutwomenintheancientworldaresuchsocialdocumentsasgravestones,willsandmarriagecontracts.Studiesofsuchdocumentshavealreadybegunto,showhowmistakenwearewhenwetrytoderiveourpictureoftheancientworldexclusivelyfromliterarysources,especiallymyths.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.AllofthefollowingarestatedbytheauthorasproblemsconnectedwiththesourcesforknowledgeofpremodernculturesEXCEPT（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingispresentedinthepassageasevidencesupportingtheauthor'sviewoftheancientGreeks'descriptionsoftheAmazons?

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheprobablereactionsofmanymalesinancientGreecetotheideaofasocietyruledbywomencouldbestbecharacterizedas（）.

5.TheauthorsuggeststhatthemainreasonforthepersistinginfluenceofBachofen'sworkisthat（）.

问题1选项

A.comparecompetingnewapproachestounderstandingtheroleofwomeninancientsocieties

B.investigatetheramificationsofBachofen'stheoryaboutdominanceofwomeninancientsocieties

C.explaintheburgeoninginterestamonghistoriansindeterminingtheactualstatusofwomeninvarioussocieties

D.criticizethevalueofancientmythsindeterminingthestatusofwomeninancientsocieties

问题2选项

A.partialcompleteness

B.restrictedaccessibility

C.difficultyofinterpretation

D.limitedquantity

问题3选项

A.TherequirementthatSauromataewomenkillinbattlebeforemarrying

B.Thefailureofhistorianstoverifythatwomenwereevergovernorsofancientsocieties

C.TheclassingofAmazonswithgiantsandcentaurs

D.Thewell-establishedunreliabilityofHerodotusasasourceofinformationaboutancientsocieties

问题4选项

A.confusedanddismayed

B.waryandhostile

C.cynicalanddisinterested

D.curiousbutfearful

问题5选项

A.feministshaveshownlittleinterestisancientsocieties

B.Bachofen'sknowledgeofAmazoniancultureisunparalleled

C.reliableinformationabouttheancientworldisdifficulttoacquire

D.ancientsocietiesshowthebestevidenceofwomeninpositionsofpower.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章提及古代文化研究妇女在各历史时期的地位受到资料限制而且相互矛盾，之后谈及神话和传说对这一问题的分析，最后作者认为，对这类文献资料的研究早已开始证明，当我们通过神话来获取对古代世界的理解，是十分失误的。因此，综合考虑，这篇文章的主要目的是选项D。

2.细节事实题。通过题干关键词定位到原文“Althoughmuchhasbeenaccomplishedforthemodernperiodpremodemcultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.”，中文翻译：虽然在现代时期己经完成了很多，但前现代文化被证明是更困难的：来源受到限制，数量有限，不完整，难以解释，而且常常是矛盾的。因此最佳答案为B选项，只有B没有提及。

3.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文“IfonebeginsbyexaminingwhyancientsrefertoAmazons,itbecomesclearthatancientGreekdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfact-realAmazoniansocieties-butrathertooffer"morallessons"onthesupposedoutcomeofwomen'sruleintheirownsociety.”，中文翻译：如果我们先研究一下为什么古人会提到亚马逊人，下面的一点就变得清晰了，那就是古希腊对于这种社会的庙睡不是太多的被用来表达观察的历史事实一一真正的亚马逊社会的_——而是为了对于妇女在其社会中的统治的预期后果提供一种“道德教导”。以及原文中“TheAmazonswereoftencharacterized,forexample,astheequivalentsofgiantsandcentaurs,enemiestobeslainbyGreekheroes.Theircustomswerepresentednotasthoseofrespectablesociety,butastheveryantithesesofordinary-Greekpractices.”，原文翻译为：例如，亚马逊人经常被描述为巨人和马人的等份物，被希腊英雄杀死的敌人。他们的习俗并不是作为受人尊敬的社会的习俗来呈现的，而是作为普通希腊习俗的真实对照。由此可以推断出答案选择C。

4.推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文“...toteachbothmaleandfemaleGreeksthatallfemalegroups,formedbywithdrawalfromtraditionalsociety,aredestructiveanddangerous.MythsabouttheAmazonswerenotforthemale-dominatedstatusquo,Linwhichgroupscomposedexclusivelyofeithersexwerenotpermittedtosegregatethemselvespermanentlyfromsociety.”.”。中文翻译为：是教诲古希腊的男性和女性这样一个道理，即那些脱离了传统社会而形成的纯女性群体是破坏性的和危险的。有关亚马逊人的神话是用作论据来为男人统治的现状做辩护的，在这种现状下，纯粹地由任一性别构成的群体是不允许与社会永久性地隔绝开来的。由此可知，B项符合题目描述。

5.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到原文“Althoughmuchhasbeenaccomplishedforthemodernperiodpremoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.ThusitisnotparticularlysurprisingthatsomeearlierscholarshipconcerningsuchcultureshassofargoneunchallengeD.AnexampleisJohannBaehofen’s1861treatiseonAmazons,women-ruledsocietiesofquestionableexistencecontemporarywithancientGreece.”中文翻译为：虽然对现当代的研究成就斐然，但是古代文化的研究要证明更为困难：资料来源数量有限，支离破碎，难以解释且经常互相矛盾。因此，人们并不特别惊讶地发现，有关这些古代文化的早期学术研究迄今为止听凭其流传下来，而未遭到质疑。其中一个实例就是约翰•巴霍芬1861年论述亚马逊人的论文，而所谓亚马逊人，即那些由女性统治的社会，其难置可否的存在与古希腊同期。综合可知。C选项是其主要原因。

17.单选题

Forcenturies,explorershaveriskedtheirlivesventuringintotheunknownforreasonsthatweretovaryingdegreeseconomicandnationalistic.ColumbuswentwesttolookforbettertraderoutestotheOrientandtopromotethegreaterglowofSpain.LewisandClarkjourneyedintotheAmericanwildernesstofindoutwhattheU.S.hadacquiredwhenitpurchasedLouisiana,andtheApolloastronautsrocketedtothemooninadramaticshowoftechnologicalmuscleduringthecoldwar.

Althoughtheirmissionsblendedcommercialandpolitical-militaryimperatives,theexplorersinvolvedallaccomplishedsomesignificantsciencesimplybygoingwherenoscientistshadgonebefore.

TodayMarsloomsashumanity'snextgreatterraincognita.Andwithdoubtfulprospectsforashorttermfinancialreturn,withthecoldwararapidlyfadingmemoryandamidagrowingemphasisoninternationalcooperationinlargespaceventures,itisclearthatimperativesotherthanprofitsornationalismwillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetheirtracksontheplanet'sreddishsurface.Coulditbethatscience,whichhaslongplayedaminorroleinexploration,isatlastdestinedtotakealeadingrole?Thequestionnaturallyinvitesacoupleofothers.ArethereexperimentsthatonlyhumanscoulddoonMars?Couldthoseexperimentsprovideinsightsprofoundenoughtojustifytheexpenseofsendingpeopleacrossinterplanetaryspace?

WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen.Theissueofwhetherlifeeverexistedontheplanet,andwhetheritpersiststothisday,hasbeenhighlightedbymountingevidencethattheRedPlanetoncehadabundantstable,liquidwaterandbythecontinuingcontroversyoversuggestionsthatbacterialfossilsrodetoEarthonameteoritefromMars.AmoreconclusiveansweraboutlifeonMars,pastorpresent,wouldgiveresearchersinvaluabledataabouttherangeofconditionsunderwhichaplanetcangeneratethecomplexchemistrythatleadstolife.IfitcouldbeestablishedthatlifearoseindependentlyonMarsandEarth,thefindingwouldprovidethefirstconcretecluesinoneofthedeepestmysteriesinallofscience:theprevalenceoflifeintheuniverse.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thechiefpurposeofexplorersingoingtounknownplacesinthepastwas（

）.

2.Atpresent,aprobableinducementforcountriestoinitiatelarge-scalespaceventuresis

（

）.

3.WhatisthemaingoalofsendinghumanmissionstoMars?

4.Bysaying"WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen"(Line1,Para.4),theauthormeansthat

（

）.

5.ThepassagetellsusthatproofoflifeonMarswould（

）.

问题1选项

A.todisplaytheircountry'smilitarymight

B.toaccomplishsomesignificantscience

C.tofindnewareasforcolonization

D.topursuecommercialandstateinterests

问题2选项

A.internationalcooperation

B.nationalisticreasons

C.scientificresearch

D.long-termprofits

问题3选项

A.Tofindoutiflifeeverexistedthere.

B.Toseeifhumanscouldsurvivethere.

C.Toprovethefeasibilityoflarge-scalespaceventures.

D.Toshowtheleadingroleofscienceinspaceexploration.

问题4选项

A.withMarstherisksinvolvedaremuchgreaterthananypreviousspaceventures

B.inthecaseofMars,therewardsofscientificexplorationcanbeveryhigh

C.inthecaseofMars,muchmoreresearchfundsareneededthaneverbefore

D.withMars,scientistsargue,thefundamentalinterestsofscienceareatissue

问题5选项

A.makeclearthecomplexchemistryinthedevelopmentoflife

B.confirmthesuggestionthatbacterialfossilstraveledtoEarthonameteor

C.revealthekindofconditionsunderwhichlifeoriginates

D.provideanexplanationwhylifeiscommonintheuniverse

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Forcenturies,explorershaveriskedtheirlivesventuringintotheunknownforreasonsthatweretovaryingdegreeseconomicandnationalistic.（几个世纪以来，探险家们冒着生命危险去探索那些不为人知的地方，或多或少是由于经济的或国家利益的原因）可知D选项“追求商业和国家利益”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Andwithdoubtfulprospectsforashorttermfinancialreturn,withthecoldwararapidlyfadingmemoryandamidagrowingemphasisoninternationalcooperationinlargespaceventures,itisclearthatimperativesotherthanprofitsornationalismwillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetheirtracksontheplanet'sreddishsurface.（由于短期财政回报的前景令人怀疑，冷战记忆的迅速消失，以及人们对大型太空探险国际合作的日益重视，很显然，现实需求已压倒经济利益和民族主要诉求，促使人类离开通向这座表面呈红色的星球的轨道）可排除B、D选项，A选项“国际合作”是进行太空探险的方式，故排除，因此选C。

3.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Theissueofwhetherlifeeverexistedontheplanet,andwhetheritpersiststothisday,hasbeenhighlightedbymountingevidencethattheRedPlanetoncehadabundantstable,liquidwaterandbythecontinuingcontroversyoversuggestionsthatbacterialfossilsrodetoEarthonameteoritefromMars.（越来越多的证据显示，这颗红色星球曾经有过大量稳定的液态水，关于掉落到地球的火星陨石上有细菌化石的说法一直存在争议，这些都突出了一个问题——火星上是否存在生命，以及这些生命到现在是否还一直生存在火星上）可知A选项“看那里是否存在生命”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的IfitcouldbeestablishedthatlifearoseindependentlyonMarsandEarth,thefindingwouldprovidethefirstconcretecluesinoneofthedeepestmysteriesinallofscience（如果可以确定生命是在火星和地球上独立产生的，这一发现将为所有科学中最深奥的奥秘之一提供第一条具体线索）可推测风险越大，回报越高，因此选B。

5.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的AmoreconclusiveansweraboutlifeonMars,pastorpresent,wouldgiveresearchersinvaluabledataabouttherangeofconditionsunderwhichaplanetcangeneratethecomplexchemistrythatleadstolife.（一个关于火星上生命的更确切的答案，无论是过去的还是现在的，都会给研究人员提供宝贵的数据，了解到行星在何种条件下都可以产生导致生命的复杂化学物质）可知C选项“揭示生命起源的类型”符合题意。

18.翻译题

迈克尔是那种你真想恨一恨的家伙，他总是乐呵呵的，总是说些积极向上的话。如果有人问他近况如何，他会这样回答：“如果我还能再好，我就成双胞胎了”。他生来就会让人积极进取。

如果哪位雇员有天过得很糟糕，迈克尔会告诉他如何看待问题的积极一面。他的这种方法着实让我好奇，所以有一天我找到迈克尔问：“我真弄不明白。你怎么能总是那样积极乐观？你是如何做到这一点的？”

迈克尔回答说，“每天早上醒来我对自己说，迈克，今天你有两种选择。你可以选择心情愉快，你也可以选择心情恶劣。”我选择心情愉悦。每次心情不愉快的事情发生时，我可以选择成为一个牺牲品，也可以选择从中吸取教训。我选择从中吸取教训。每次有什么人找我来抱怨，我可以选择接受他们的抱怨，也可以选择向他指出生活的积极面。我选择指出生活的积极面。

【答案】Michaelisthekindofguyyoulovetohate.Heisalwaysinagoodmoodandalwayshassomethingpositivetosay.Whensomeonewouldaskhimhowhewasdoing,hewouldreply,‘IfIwereanybetter,I’dbetwins!”Hewasanaturalmotivator.

Ifanemployeewashavingabadday,Michaelwastheretellingtheemployeehowtolookonthepositivesideofthesituation.Seeingthisstylereallymademecurious,soonedayIwentuptoMichaelandaskedhim,‘Idon’tgetit.Youcanbepositiveallthetime.Howdoyoudoit?

Michaelreplied,‘eachmorningIwakeupandsaytomyself,Mike,youhavetwochoicestoday.Youcanchoosetobeinagoodmoodoryoucanchoosetobeinabadmood.Ichoosetobeinagoodmood.Everytimesomethingbadhappens,IcanchoosetobeavictimorIcanchoosetolearnfromit.Ichoosetolearnfromit.Everytimesomeonecomestomecomplaining,Icanchoosetoaccepttheircomplainingorpointoutthepositivesideoflifetothem.Ichoosetopointoutthepositivesideo