考研考博-英语-云南农业职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南农业职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Themostexcitingkindofeducationisalsothemostpersonal.Nothingcanexceedthejoyofdiscoveringforyourselfsomethingthatisimportanttoyou!Itmaybeanideaorabitofinformationyoucomeacrossaccidentally—orasuddeninsight,fittingtogetherpiecesofinformationorworkingthroughaproblem.Suchpersonalencountersarethe“payoff”ineducation.Ateachermaydirectyoutolearningandevenencourageyouinit—butnoteachercanmaketheexcitementorthejoyhappen.That’suptoyou.

Aresearchpaper,assignedinacourseandperhapscheckedatvariousstagesbyaninstructor,leadsyoubeyondclassroom,beyondthetextsforclassesandintoaprocesswherethejoyofdiscoveryandlearningcancometoyoumanytimes.Preparingtheresearchpaperisanactiveandindividualprocess,andideallearningprocess.Itprovidesastructurewithinwhichyoucanmakeexcitingdiscoveries,ofknowledgeandofself,thatarebasictoeducation.Buttheresearchpaperalsogivesyouachancetoindividualizeaschoolassignment,tosuitapieceofworktoyourowninterestsandabilities,toshowotherswhatyoucando.Writingaresearchpaperismorethanjustaclassroomexercise.Itisanexperienceinsearchingout,understandingandsynthesizing,whichformsthebasisofmanyskillsapplicabletobothacademicandnonacademictasks.Itis,inthefullestsense,adiscovering,aneducation.So,toproduceagoodresearchpaperisbothausefulandathoroughlysatisfyingexperience!

Tosome,thethoughtofhavingtowriteanassignednumberofpages,oftenmorethaneverproducedbefore,isdisconcerting.Toothers,theveryideaofhavingtoworkindependentlyisthreatening.Butthereisnoneedtoapproachtheresearchpaperassignmentwithanxiety,andnobodyshouldviewtheresearchpaperasanobstacletoovercome.Instead,consideritagoaltoaccomplish,agoalwithinreachifyouusethehelpthisbookcangiveyou.

11.Accordingtothewriter,personaldiscoveries____.

12.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwritingaresearchpapergivesonechances____.

13.Fromthecontext,theword“disconcerting”(Para.3)mostprobablymeans____.

14.Thewriterarguesinthepassagethat____.

15.Whatwillprobablyfollowthispassage?

问题1选项

A.willgiveoneencouragementanddirection

B.arehelpfulinfindingtherightinformation

C.arethemostvaluablepartofone’spersonaleducation

D.willhelponetosuccessfullycompleteschoolassignments

问题2选项

A.tofullydevelopone’spersonalabilities

B.tousetheskillslearntintheclassroom

C.toprovethatoneisaproductivewriter

D.todemonstratehowwellonecanaccomplishschoolassignment

问题3选项

A.misleading

B.embarrassing

C.stimulating

D.upsetting

问题4选项

A.oneshouldexplorenewareasinresearch

B.oneshouldtrustone’sownabilitytomeetcourserequirements

C.oneshouldconsiderresearchpaperwritingapleasure,notaburden

D.oneshoulduseallone’sknowledgeandskillswhendoingresearch

问题5选项

A.Howtowritearesearchpaper.

B.Theimportanceofresearchineducation.

C.Howtomakenewdiscoveriesforoneself.

D.Theskillofputtingpiecesofinformationtogether.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】11.判断推理题。题干“作者认为个人发现____”可定位到原文第1段第4句Suchpersonalencountersarethe“payoff”ineducation.（这种个人发现是教育的“回报”。）这里的“personalencounters”指的就是第2句Nothingcanexceedthejoyofdiscoveringforyourselfsomethingthatisimportanttoyou!（没有什么能比你自己发现对你来说重要的东西更让你开心！）中的“发现”，由此可知，作者认为个人发现是教育的回报，C选项“（个人发现）是一个人的个人教育中最有价值的部分”，一个东西的回报肯定是它最有价值的，C选项表述与原文相符；A选项“会给鼓励和指引”可定位到原文第1段倒数第2句Ateachermaydirectyoutolearningandevenencourageyouinit（老师会指导你学习，甚至会鼓励你），由此可知，“鼓励和指引”是老师带来的，而非个人发现，排除；B选项“（个人发现）会帮助你找到正确的信息”可定位到第1段第3句Itmaybeanideaorabitofinformation…workingthroughaproblem.（这也许是你偶然的一个想法或发现……可以解决问题。）这句话承接的是第2句中提到的“发现”，所以“找到正确信息”是“发现”的内容，而不是个人发现的作用，B选项表述与原文不符，排除；D选项“（个人发现）有助于学生顺利完成学校作业”，可定位到第2段第3句Itprovidesastructurewithinwhichyoucanmakeexcitingdiscoveries…（它给你提供一个框架，在这个框架里你可以做出令人兴奋的发现），这句话中的it指的是前文的Preparingtheresearchpaper（准备研究论文），即“学校的作业”。由此可知，学校作业为个人发现提供框架，D选项表述与原文不符，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

12.判断推理题。题干“从文章中可以推断出，写一篇研究论文给____提供了机会”可定位到原文第2段第6句Itisanexperienceinsearchingout,understandingandsynthesizing,whichformsthebasisofmanyskillsapplicabletobothacademicandnonacademictasks.（这是一种探索、理解和综合的经历，它构成了许多技能的基础，适用于学术和非学术任务。）由此可知，写研究论文锻炼了各种技能，A选项“充分发展个人能力”表述与原文相符。B选项“运用课堂上所学的技能”、C选项“证明自己是个多产的写作者”、D选项“证明自己能很好地完成学校布置的作业”原文均未提及。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

13.语义推测题。根据题干定位到原文第3段第1句Tosome,thethoughtofhavingtowriteanassignednumberofpages,oftenmorethaneverproducedbefore,isdisconcerting.（对一些人来说，想到要写指定的页数，往往比以前写的页数还要多，是____。）原文中“disconcerting”与“想到要写比以前还要多页数的研究论文”有关。第3段第3句Butthereisnoneedtoapproachtheresearchpaperassignmentwithanxiety（但没有必要焦虑地完成研究论文作业），but表示转折，由此推断disconcerting的意思跟“焦虑”差不多，D选项“令人心烦意乱的”符合语境；A选项“误导的”、B选项“尴尬的”、C选项“刺激的”均不符合语境。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

14.主旨大意题。题干“作者在文中论证了____”。本文一共3段，第1段主要内容——个人发现的重要性：它是个性化教育中最令人兴奋和快乐的成果；第2段主要内容——写研究论文的作用：写一篇个性化的研究论文有助于个人发现，有助于发展个人能力；第3段主要内容——作者的倡议：不要带着焦虑写研究论文，而应该把它看成一个可以实现的目标。由此可知，本文层层引入，意在说明写研究论文很重要，要把写研究论文当成可实现的目标，而不是障碍。C选项“人们应该把写研究论文当成一种乐趣，而不是一种负担”最符合原文；A选项“人们应该探索新的研究领域”、B选项“一个人应该相信自己满足课程要求的能力”、D选项“做研究时应该运用所有的知识和技能”均不太相符。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

15.判断推理题。题干“接下来的段落可能会讲什么”。根据原文最后一句话Instead,consideritagoaltoaccomplish,agoalwithinreachifyouusethehelpthisbookcangiveyou.（相反，你应该把它当作一个可以实现的目标，一个只要你使用这本书的帮助就可以达到的目标。）这里的it指的是前文的theresearchpaper（研究论文）。由此可知，选段应该是一本书的引言，而后文将要写的内容应该是如何实现这个目标，即完成一篇研究论文。A选项“如何写一篇研究论文”最符合原文。B选项“研究在教育中的重要性”是文章第2段的内容，排除；C选项“自己怎么有新发现”、D选项“整合碎片化的信息的技能”均偏离行文逻辑。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

2.单选题

TheaudiencecheeredasNumberthreehadrowedhimselfoutandwasslumpedoverhisoaratthe（）.

问题1选项

A.deadline

B.finishedline

C.finishingline

D.finishline

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。deadline“截止线，界线”；finishline“终点线”，finishedline“竣工线”；没有搭配deadline和finishingline，选项A和C可排除。句意：当三号选手筋疲力尽地划到终点，伏倒他的桨上，观众们欢呼起来。选项D符合题意。

3.翻译题

Marketingisimportanttoorganizationsandconsumersalike.Ittouchesthelivesofallmembersofsociety.Allthegoodsandservicesyoubuy,thestoreswhereyoushopandtheradioandTVprogramspaidforbyadvertisingaretherebecauseofmarketing.Eachofyouhasbeeninvolvedinmarketingactivitiesatonetimeoranother.Perhapsyouhavetriedtosellausedtextbookbacktothecampusbookstoreortoconvinceyourparentstofinanceaspringvacation.Youmaynothaveknownitatthetime,butyouwereperformingmarketingactivities.Marketingoftenhasspecialimportanceforstudents.Manyofyouwillworkinmarketing——whetherinsales,retailing,advertising,oranotherfieldinafor-profitfirmoranonprofitorganization.Throughthischapteryouwillfindsomeinformationindifferentareasofmarketing—insales,advertising,marketingconcept,marketingmix,marketingresearch,understandingbuyerbehavior,marketsegmentation(细分)andotherareas.

Whatdoesabusinessfirmdoinoureconomy?Reducedtobasics,businesseshavetwomajorfunctions:productionofgoodsorcreationofservicesandmarketingthosegoodsandservices.Tobesuccessfulintoday’scompetitivemarketplace,peopleinbusinessrealizethattheymustfirstdeterminepeople’sneedsandwants,andthenproducegoodsandservicestosatisfythem.Acompany,whetheritisFordMotorCompanyorasmallretailer,isinbusinesstocreatewant-satisfyinggoodsandservicesforitscustomers.Goodsandservicesthatdonotsatisfyconsumersareforcedoutfromthemarket,sinceconsumersdonotbuythem.

【答案】市场营销对组织来说很重要，对于消费者来说也同样重要。它涉及所有社会成员的生活。你购买的所有商品和服务，购物的商店，以及通过广告付费的广播和电视节目，都是源于市场营销。你们每个人都曾或多或少地接触过营销活动。也许你试图把一本用过的教科书卖给校园书店，或者说服你的父母为你的春节假期提供资金。你当时可能不知道，但你确实在进行营销活动。市场营销对学生来说往往具有特殊的重要性。你们中的许多人将在营利性公司或非营利性组织从事市场营销工作，无论是销售、零售、广告推销还是其他领域。经过这一时期，你会发现不同领域市场营销的一些信息，如销售、广告、营销概念、营销组合、市场调研、消费者行为分析、市场细分等其他领域。

企业在我们的经济中扮演什么样的角色呢？从根本上来说，企业有两个主要功能：生产商品或创造服务，以及对这些商品和服务进行市场营销。为了在当今竞争激烈的市场中取得成功，商界人士意识到他们必须首先确定人们的需求，然后生产商品和服务来满足这些需求。任何一家公司，无论是福特汽车公司还是一家小型零售商，都致力于为客户创造满足需求的商品和服务。无法让消费者满意的商品和服务将被市场淘汰，因为消费者不会购买。

4.单选题

Theterm"folkcustom"isverybroad,butithasbeenusedbyfolkloriststorefertothosesharedpatternsofbehaviorsinaparticularfolkgroup.Thosepatternsofbehaviorsareregardedasthetraditionalandestablishedwaysofmembersoftheparticularfolkgroup.FolkcustomistransmittedbyWordofmouth,demonstrationorimitation.ThefolkloreandfolkcustomsofEnglandarerichandvaried.Manycustomsareancient,andpasseddowngenerationaftergenerationfromourGermanicandCelticancestors.Othersaremoremodemcreations.

Oneofthegreatestproblemsinassessingmostaccountsoffolkcustomsisthattheytendtogiveonlytheantiquary'spointofview.Afterall,tomostobservers,thepeopletheywerelookingatweresimpleandilliterate,unmindfulofthetruesignificanceofthecustomstheyhadpreserved.Whyquestionthematlengthiftheydidn'tunderstandtheessentialnatureofwhattheyweredoing?Soafolkloristislikelytoemphasizeaspectsofatraditionwhichreflecthisorherowninterestsorwhichfitinwithpreconceivedideas,whilepossiblyignoringorgivingonlypassingmentiontoaspectswhichmay,infact,beofequalimportance.

Oneaspectwhichgenerallygetsleftoutofaccountsistheviewpointoftheparticipantsthemselves:forinstance,whytheyindulgeinaparticularactivityataparticulartimeofyearoroftheirlivesandwhatfeelingstheyexperiencewhiledoingso.Andnow,ideasderivingfromfolklorestudiesateso-widespreadthattheymayeasilyhavebecomeanintegralpartoftheattitudeoftheparticipantsinacustom.Sothefolkloristisratherlikeamanstaringatasceneinamirrorwhomustbeaware,tofullyunderstandthatscene,thathisownreflectionisamajorpartofwhatheislookingat.

Itis,however,alsotruetosaythatmanycontemporarystudentsoffolklorearcfullyawareoftheproblemswhichbesettheirenquiries.Liketruescientiststheydrawtheirconclusionsbylookingatavailableevidence,rather-thanselectingevidencewhichfitsinwithexistingtheories.Somehavealsolookedawayfromthe"obviously"ancientandturnedtheirattentiontofolklorewhereitthrives,inthesociallifeofmoderncities,inindustryandsport,etc.Theymay,forexample,enduplookingattheloreofthemotorcar,orofpopularmusic,andatcustomswhich,thoughtheyhavenohintsofpaganism,neverthelesshavemuchincommonwiththeolderactivitieswhichdo.

Manyfolkloristshavegraduallycometotheconclusionthatfolkloreisnotnecessarilyathingofthepast,arelicofancientandoutmodedwaysofthinking,butthemeansbywhichpeopletrytomakesenseoftheworld(ortoconfrontitslackofsense)andtrytoalleviateboredomandsuffering.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassageisprobably（）.

2.Theearlyaccountsoffolkcustomsareunreliablebecause（）.

3.Thereasonwhystudyingfolkloreisdifficulttodayisthat（）.

4.Whatisnewaboutfolkloriststoday?

5.Whatdoesparticipationinfolkcustomsmeantopeople?

问题1选项

A.FolkloreandFolkCustoms

B.ProblemsandTendencyofFolkCustoms

C.TheRevivalofFolkCustoms

D.FolkloreandFolklorists

问题2选项

A.folkloristsundervaluedtheopinionsoftheparticipants

B.theparticipantsdidnotrevealthesignificanceoftheircustoms

C.theparticipantswerenotawareofthemeaningoftheircustoms

D.folkloristsdidnotconsidertheparticipantssmartenoughtoanswerthequestions

问题3选项

A.participantsarenowinfluencedbyearlierstudiesoftheiractivities

B.participantsinsistontheaccuracyoftheirowninterpretations

C.folkloristsaretooconcernedtojustifytheirowntheories

D.folkloristsareoftenmisledbyunreliableearlierstudies

问题4选项

A.Theyarenowmorecautiousabouttheevidencetheyaccept.

B.Theywanttoinvestigatethemoreobscureareasoffolklore.

C.Theyarestudyingthecreationoffolkloreinpresent-daysociety.

D.Theywanttodiscoverthelinkbetweenpaganismandsocialcustoms.

问题5选项

A.Itenablesthemtoescapetheproblemsofthemodemworld.

B.Itisanattempttoreconstructwhatislostforever.

C.Itcanbeameansofregainingancientwisdom.

D.Itcanbeofpsychologicalbenefittothem.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨题。纵观全文，文章第一段介绍了民间习俗的概念，以及民间习俗的表现形式。文章第二段提到了民俗评估者对大多数记载民俗进行的评估。根据文章第三段开头“Oneaspectwhichgenerallygetsleftoutofaccountsistheviewpointoftheparticipantsthemselves”，可知通常被忽视的这个方面就是民俗传承人自己的观点。第四段谈及研究民俗的学生能确切意识到一些问题。最后一段是全文的总结，主要讲述了民俗学者对民俗的结论和理解。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“tomostobservers,thepeopletheywerelookingatweresimpleandilliterate,unmindfulofthetruesignificanceofthecustomstheyhadpreserved…Soafolkloristislikelytoemphasizeaspectsofatraditionwhichreflecthisorherowninterestsorwhichfitinwithpreconceivedideas…beofequalimportance.”，可知大多数观察者找的都是一些朴素的人，甚至是文盲，并不理解所保存习俗的真正含义，所以民俗家最终只维护自己的兴趣。可推断出民俗家忽略了参与者的观点。选项A符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“Andnow,ideasderivingfromfolklorestudiesateso-widespreadthattheymayeasilyhavebecomeanintegralpartoftheattitudeoftheparticipantsinacustom.Sothefolkloristisratherlikeamanstaringatasceneinamirror…”，可知民俗研究的结论普遍流传，这些结论很容易影响民俗传承人观点，所以民俗学者研究这些民俗时，就像照镜子一样。可推断出参与者现在会受到他早期研究结论的影响。选项A符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“…enduplookingattheloreofthemotorcar,orofpopularmusic,andatcustomswhich,thoughtheyhavenohintsofpaganism,neverthelesshavemuchincommonwiththeolderactivitieswhichdo…”，可知那些民俗研究者转而关注现今的现代城市生活等，在一些现代化物体中发现新的跟民俗相关的东西。可推断出他们正在研究现代社会中民俗的创作物或产物。选项C符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“…butthemeansbywhichpeopletrytomakesenseoftheworld(ortoconfrontitslackofsense)andtrytoalleviateboredomandsuffering.”，可知民俗是人们试图理解这个世界，试图减轻无聊和痛苦的方式。可推断出参与民俗对人们的心理带来一定的好处。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Themorningnewssaysaschoolbus（

）withatrainatthejunctionandagroupofpolicemenweresentthereimmediately.

问题1选项

A.crashed

B.collided

C.bumped

D.struck

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。crash“坠毁、撞坏”；collide“碰撞、抵触、冲突”，常与with搭配；bump“碰撞、撞击”，常与into连用；strike“打击、罢工、猛击”。句意：据新闻报道，一辆校车在交叉路口与一列火车相撞，警察立即抵达事故现场。B项能与with搭配，故答案B

6.单选题

Everyprofession,everyart,andeverysciencehasitstechnicalvocabulary,thefunctionofwhichispartlytodesignatethingsorprocesseswhichhavenonamesinordinaryEnglish,andpartlytosecuregreaterexactnessinnomenclature.Suchspecialdialects,orjargons,arenecessaryintechnicaldiscussionofanykind.Beinguniversallyunderstoodbythedevoteesoftheparticularscienceorart,theyhavetheprecisionofamathematicalformula.Besides,theysavetime,foritismuchmoreeconomicaltonameaprocessthantodescribeit.Thousandsofthesetechnicaltermsareveryproperlyincludedineverylargedictionary,yet,asawhole,theyareratherontheoutskirtsoftheEnglishlanguagethanactuallywithinitsborders.

Differentoccupations,however,differwidelyinthecharacteroftheirspecialvocabularies.Intradesandhandicraftsandothervocations,suchasfarmingandfishing,thathaveoccupiedgreatnumbersofmenfromremotetimes,thetechnicalvocabularyisveryold.Itconsistslargelyofnativewords,orofborrowedwordsthathaveworkedthemselvesintotheveryfiberofourlanguage.Hence,thoughhighlytechnicalinmanyparticulars,thesevocabulariesaremorefamiliarinsound,andmoregenerallyunderstoodthanmostothertechnicalities.Thespecialdialectsoflaw,medicine,divinity,andphilosophyhavealso,intheiroldstrata,becomeprettyfamiliartocultivatedpersons,andhavecontributedmuchtothepopularvocabulary.Yet,everyvocationstillpossessesalargebodyoftechnicaltermsthatremainessentiallyforeign,eventoeducatedspeech.Andtheproportionhasbeenmuchincreasedinthelastfiftyyears,particularlyinthevariousdepartmentsofnaturalandpoliticalscienceandinthemechanicarts.Herenewtermsarecoinedwiththegreatestfreedomandabandonedwithindifferencewhentheyhaveservedtheirturn.Mostofthenewcoinagesareconfinedtospecialdiscussionsandseldomgetintogeneralliteratureorconversation.Yet,noprofessionisnowadays,asallprofessionsoncewere,aclosedguild.Thelawyer,thephysician,thescientist,andtheclericassociatesfreelywithhisfellowcreatures,anddoesnotmeettheminamerelyprofessionalway.Furthermore,whatiscalledpopularsciencemakeseverybodyacquaintedwithmodernviewsandrecentdiscoveries.Anyimportantexperiment,thoughmadeinaremoteorprovinciallaboratory,isatoncereportedinthenewspapers,andeverybodyissoontalkingaboutit—asinthecaseoftheRoentgenraysandwirelesstelegraphy.Thus,ourcommonspeechisalwaystakingupnewtechnicaltermsandmakingthemcommonplace.

13.Theauthor’smainpurposeinthepassageisto__________.

14.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingspecialvocabulariesisunderstoodbymorepeople?

15.Whentheauthorreferstoprofessionsasnolongerbeing“closedguilds”hemeansthat_______.

16.Itseemsthatthepassageimplies__________.

问题1选项

A.proposeasolution

B.argueagainstabelief

C.describeaphenomenon

D.provideentertainment

问题2选项

A.Medicalvocabulary.

B.Legalvocabulary.

C.Politicalvocabulary.

D.Agriculturalvocabulary.

问题3选项

A.itismucheasiertobecomeaprofessionaltodaythanitwasinthepast

B.thereismoresocialinteractionbetweenprofessionalsandothers

C.popularsciencehastoldtheirsecretstotheworld

D.anyonecannowunderstandanythinginaprofession

问题4选项

A.thewordsoftheEnglishlanguagearealwayschanging

B.onecanneverbesureofwhatawordmeanswithoutconsultinganexpert

C.likeEnglish,alllanguagesarebecomingmoreandmoretechnical

D.technicaltermsinmostnon-scientificfieldshavelittlechanceofbecomingpartofthemainbodyofthelanguage

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】13.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。段首句Everyprofession,everyart,andeverysciencehasitstechnicalvocabulary,thefunctionofwhichispartlytodesignatethingsorprocesseswhichhavenonamesinordinaryEnglish,andpartlytosecuregreaterexactnessinnomenclature.（每一种职业、每一种艺术、每一门科学都有它的专业词汇，其作用部分是用来指定在普通英语中没有名称的事物或过程，部分是为了确保命名的更精确。）与结尾句Thus,ourcommonspeechisalwaystakingupnewtechnicaltermsandmakingthemcommonplace.（因此，我们的日常用语总是会接受新的技术术语，并使它们变得司空见惯。）扫描全文可知，文中主要对技术术语现象进行了介绍和描述。因此C选项“描述一种现象”正确，符合题意。A选项“提出一种解决方案”，B选项“辩论一种看法”，D选项“提供娱乐”均不符合题意，可排除。故选C。

14.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】客观细节题。第二段中谈及Intradesandhandicraftsandothervocations,suchasfarmingandfishing,thathaveoccupiedgreatnumbersofmenfromremotetimes,thetechnicalvocabularyisveryold.（在贸易、手工业和其他职业中，例如农业和渔业，这些从遥远的时代就占据了大量的人口，技术词汇非常古老。）以及后文Hence,thoughhighlytechnicalinmanyparticulars,thesevocabulariesaremorefamiliarinsound,andmoregenerallyunderstoodthanmostothertechnicalities.（因此，尽管这些词汇（农业和渔业）的词汇在许多细节上具有很高的技术性，但它们在读音上更为人所熟知，也比大多数其他技术性词汇更为通俗易懂。）由此可知，让更多人知道的特殊表达应该是与农业和渔业有关的词汇。因此D选项“农业词汇”正确，符合题意。A选项“医学词汇”，B选项“法律词汇”，C选项“政治词汇”均不符合题意，可排除。故选D。

15.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由关键词定位在最后一段Yet,noprofessionisnowadays,asallprofessionsoncewere,aclosedguild.（然而，如今没有一种职业像所有职业曾经那样，是一个封闭的公会。）Thelawyer,thephysician,thescientist,andtheclericassociatesfreelywithhisfellowcreatures,anddoesnotmeettheminamerelyprofessionalway.（律师和物理学家，以及科学家和牧师能自由地与同伴结交，并且在专业区域之外也能会面。）Furthermore,whatiscalledpopularsciencemakeseverybodyacquaintedwithmodernviewsandrecentdiscoveries.（此外，被称为通俗科学的东西使得每个人都熟悉时髦的观点和最近的发现。）因此，不再是closedguilds“封闭的公会”是因为现在不同专业的人之间也可以互相交流了。因此B选项“专业人员和其它人之间有更多的社交互动”正确，符合题意。A选项“如今相比过去更容易变成一位专业人员”，C选项“大众科学已经将他们的秘密告知了世界”，D选项“任何人如今都能理解一个专业方面的任何事情”，均不符合题意，可排除。故选B。

16.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位在最后一段Thus,ourcommonspeechisalwaystakingupnewtechnicaltermsandmakingthemcommonplace.（因此，我们的通用语一直在吸收新的技术术语，并让它们变成通用语）。可以知道我们所说的通用语都是将新的词汇融入后而形成的。因此A选项“英语语言词汇一直都在变化”正确，符合题意。B选项“在不咨询专家的情况下，一个人从不能确定一个单词的意思”，C选项“如英语一样，所有的语言正变得越来越专业”，D选项“大多数非科学领域的技术术语很少有机会变成语言主体的一部分”。B，C，D选项均未在文中提及，可排除。故选A。

7.单选题

Theteamshouldhaveprojectedtroubleaheadwhentheroad（

）intoagravelpath.

问题1选项

A.interrogated

B.dwindled

C.transformed

D.collapsed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。interrogated质问，审问；dwindled减少，缩小；transformed转换，改变；collapsed倒塌，瓦解。句意：当道路变为砂砾路时，这个团队本应该提前预测到困难。C项符合句意。

8.翻译题

Evenwithouttheseprotections,individualscanacttoprotecttheirownprivacy.Insomecases,marketforcescancreateincentivesforcompaniestoprotectprivacyifconsumersconsistentlycallforsuchprotection.Consumersshouldstudyacompany’sprivacypolicyinitspromotionalliterature.Ifsuchapolicyisweakornonexistent,itisreasonabletoassumethatthecompanyusesanypersonalinformationitcapturesineverywayitlegallycan.

Consumerscanalsoprotecttheirprivacywhenfacedwithwhattheyconsiderexcessiverequestsforinformationbyaskingwhytheinformationispertinentorbyrefusingtoanswerthequestions.Finally,individualscantakeinitiativebyinformingothercitizensaboutspecificprivacyproblems.Manythreatstoprivacyremainunpublicizedsimplybecausetherearetoomanyofthemforexistingprivacyadvocatestotrack.EvensimpleresearchonanunpublicizedprivacyproblemcanhaveanimpactwhensubmittedtoarelevantInternetforum,watchdoggroup,ormediaoutlet.

【答案】即使没有这些保护措施，个人也可以采取行动保护自己的隐私。有时候，如果消费者一直呼吁隐私保护的话，市场力量可以为公司进行隐私保护而创造动机。消费者应该在公司的宣传推广资料中研究隐私权政策。如果这种政策不中用或者不存在的话，那么公司使用任何从合法渠道获取的个人信息会被认为是合理的。

当面对他们所认为的过分的信息要求时，消费者也可以通过询问信息为什么是相关的或者拒绝回答问题，以进行隐私保护。最后，个人可以通过告知其他公民关于具体的隐私问题来采取主动权。许多对隐私的威胁没有公开仅仅是因为对于目前的隐私提倡者来说，其中有太多隐私威胁需要追踪了。当提交给相关网络论坛、监察组织或者媒体时，甚至有关未公开的隐私问题的简单研究都能产生影响。

9.单选题

Thecompanyhascapitalized（）theerrorofjudgmentmadebyitsbusinesscompetitor

问题1选项

A.in

B.over

C.with

D.on

【答案】D

【解析】句意:这个公司利用商业竞争者做的错误判断而获利。

考查固定搭配。capitalizeon充分利用某事物，从某事物中获利。

10.单选题

Thesefundswillcomewithstringentconditionsthatwillimposeexternalfinancialcontrolsand（）heavilyonIceland’shard-wonsovereignindependence.

问题1选项

A.impinge

B.affect

C.afflict

D.impact

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项impinge“妨碍，侵犯”；B选项affect“影响，感染”，一般和介词to搭配；C选项afflict“折磨，使痛苦”；D选项impact“影响，冲突”。句意：这些资金将附带严格的条件，强制实施外部金融控制，并严重侵犯了冰岛来之不易的主权独立。这里是指侵犯主权，所以选项A更符合语境。

11.单选题

Inspiteofthe______economicforecasts,manufacturingoutputhasrisenslightly.

问题1选项

A.gloomy

B.miserable

C.shadowy

D.obscure

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项gloomy“低迷的”，B项miserable“痛苦的”，C项shadowy“阴影的”，D项obscure“昏暗的”。根据句子意思“尽管经济前景……，制造业产量略有上升”可知，A项最符合句意。句意：尽管经济前景黯淡，制造业产出却略有上升。因此，该题选择A项正确。

12.单选题

Atthelastcommitteemeeting,themotionthattheclub（）openuntilmidnightwasdefeated.

问题1选项

A.remains

B.remain

C.remained

D.wouldremain

【答案】B

【解析】虚拟语气。motion表示提议、建议，后面要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，所以本题选B。

13.单选题

TheChinese,whobegansystematicastronomicalandweatherobservationsshortlyaftertheancientEgyptians,wereassiduousrecord-keepers,andbecauseofthis,canclaimhumanity’slongestcontinuous（

）ofnaturalevents.

问题1选项

A.defiance

B.documentation

C.maintenance

D.domination

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析。A选项“挑衅，蔑视”；B选项“文件编制，文档”；C选项“维持，保养”；D选项“支配，统治”；根据句意‘继古埃及人之后旋即展开了有系统的天文与气候观察的中国人可谓是勤勉不辍的文献记录者，并且基于这一原因，中国人可声称拥有人类历史上对自然事件最悠久连续的文献记载。’确定B选项正确。

14.单选题

I’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.

Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter.Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleetingthought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.

ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting.”Infreewritingtheobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostoppingnogoingback.Nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomeoutfromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.

Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepageasthedeadlinedrawsnear.

Insteadofstaringatablankscreenstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouravailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeandthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.

1.Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind“cannotworkinparallel”(Line4Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans（

）.

2.Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis（

）.

3.Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirststageofwriting?

4.Onecommonconcernofwritersabout“freewriting”isthat（

）.

5.Inwhatwaydoesthecriticalmindhelpthewriterinthewritingprocess?

问题1选项

A.noonecanbebothcreativeandcritical

B.theycannotberegardedasequallyimportant

C.theyareinconstantconflictwitheachother

D.onecannotusethematthesametime

问题2选项

A.puttingtheiridealinrawform

B.attemptingtoeditastheywrite

C.ignoringgrammaticalsoundness

D.tryingtocapturefleetingthoughts

问题3选项

A.Toorganizeone’sthoughtslogically.

B.Tochooseanappropriatetopic.

C.Togetone’sideasdown.

D.Tocollectrawmaterials.

问题4选项

A.itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemind

B.ittakestoomuchlimetoeditafterwards

C.itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticism

D.itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly

问题5选项

A.Itrefineshiswritingintobettershape.

B.Ithelpshimtocomeupwithnewideas.

C.Itsavesthewritingtimeavailabletohim.

D.Itallowshimtositonthesideandobserve.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据文章的第二段论最后一句Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthink