考研考博-英语-云南城市建设职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南城市建设职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Britishfoodhasagoodreputation,butEnglishcookinghasabadone.Itisdifficulttoexplainthereasonforthis.Unfortunately,however,superbrawingredientsareoftenminedfromthekitchensothattheycometothetablewithoutanyofthenaturalflavorandgoodness.

ThisbadreputationdiscouragesalotofpeoplefromeatinginanEnglishrestaurant.Iftheydogotoone,theyareusuallyfullofprejudiceagainstthefood.Itisapity,becausethereareexcellentcooksinEngland,excellentrestaurants,andexcellenthome-cooking.How,then,hasthebadreputationbeenbuiltup?

PerhapsonereasonisthatBritain’sIndustrialRevolutionoccurredveryearly,inthemiddleofthenineteenthcentury.Asaresult;thequalityoffoodchangedtoo.ThiswasbecauseBritainstoppedbeingalargelyagriculturalcountry.Thepopulationofthetownsincreasedenormouslybetween1840and1870,andpeoplecouldnolongergrowtheirownfood,orbuyitfleshfromafarm.Hugequantitiesoffoodhadtobetakentothetowns,andalotofitlostitsfreshnessontheway.

Thislackoffreshnesswasdisguisedby“dressingup”thefood.Therichmiddleclassesate16ngelaboratemealswhichwerecookedforthembyFrenchchefs.Frenchbecame,andhasremained,theofficiallanguageofthediningroom.Out-of-seasondelicacieswereservedinspiteoftheirexpense,fortherewerealargenumberofextremelywealthypeoplewhowantedtoestablishthemselvessocially.The“look”ofthefoodwasmoreimportantthanitstaste.

Inthe1930s,thesupplyofservantbegantodecrease.Peoplestilltriedtoproducecomplicateddishes,however,buttheyeconomizedonthepreparationtime.TheSecondWorldWarmadethingsevenworsebymakingrawingredientsextremelyscarce.Asaresult,thereweremanywomenwhoneverhadtheopportunitytochooseapieceofmeatfromawell-stockedbutcher’sshop,butwerecontentandgratefultoacceptanythingthatwasofferedtothem.

FoodrationingcontinuedinBritainuntiltheearly1950s.Itwasonlyafterthishadstopped,andbutter,eggsandcreambecamemoreplentiful,anditwaspossibletotravelabroadagainandtasteotherwaysofpreparingfood,thattheEnglishdifferencetoeatingbecamereplacedbyanewenthusiasmforit.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,itisdifficulttoexplain（）.

2.ThenegativeeffectofBritain’sIndustrialRevolutiononEnglishcookingisthat（）.

3.AsaresultoftheIndustrialRevolution,（）.

4.TheSecondWorldWarworsenedtheproblembecause（）.

5.AnewenthusiasmforeatingemergedinBritain（）.

问题1选项

A.whyexcellentingredientsarespoiledintheprocessofcooking

B.whypeopledonotlikeEnglishcooking

C.whyBritishfoodoftenhasanaturalflavor

D.whypeoplepreferhome-cookingtoreadymadefood

问题2选项

A.thepopulationinthecountrysidedecreaseddramatically

B.peoplenolongergrewtheirownfoodontheirownfarms

C.thefreshnessoffoodwaslostonthewaytothecities

D.Britainwasnolongeranagriculturalcountry

问题3选项

A.moreattentionwasgiventothelookofthefood

B.FrenchbecametheofficiallanguageinEnglishrestaurants

C.alargenumberofextremelywealthypeopleateinFrenchrestaurants

D.out-of-seasondelicaciesbecameveryexpensive

问题4选项

A.therewasanincreasingdemandforservants

B.therewasalackofrawingredientsupply

C.manywomenrefusedtochoosemeatfrombutcher’sshops

D.FrenchchefsdominatedEnglishrestaurants

问题5选项

A.whenmanywomenfinallyhadtheopportunitytopurchasefleshmeatfromawell-stockedbutcher’sshop

B.whenbutter,eggsandcreambecameavailable

C.whenpeoplestartedtravelingtoothercities

D.aftertheearly1950s

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段的一二句“Britishfoodhasagoodreputation,butEnglishcookinghasabadone.Itisdifficulttoexplainthereasonforthis.”可知，很难解释的是为什么人们不喜欢英国的烹饪。选项B符合原文。

2.根据关键词“IndustrialRevolution”定位到第三段，根据本段内容可知，英国工业革命对英国烹饪产生的一个负面影响是“Hugequantitiesoffoodhadtobetakentothetowns,andalotofitlostitsfreshnessontheway.”大量的食物被运到城镇，食物在运输的过程中不再新鲜。选项C符合原文。

3.根据第四段最后一句“The“look”ofthefoodwasmoreimportantthanitstaste.”工业革命使得人们更注重食物的外观而不是口感。选项A符合原文。

4.根据关键词“TheSecondWorldWar”定位到倒数第二段第三句“TheSecondWorldWarmadethingsevenworsebymakingrawingredientsextremelyscarce.”二战使得原材料极度匮乏，情况更加糟糕。选项B符合原文。

5.根据最后一段的内容可知，在1950年以后，英国出现了一种新的饮食热潮。选项D正确。

2.单选题

QuestionsgrewoverSilvioBerlusconi’sabilitytoholdhiscoalitiontogether,afterheonlynarrowlywonavoteof（）inthelowerhouseofItaly’sparliament.

问题1选项

A.confidence

B.account

C.thanks

D.support

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项confidence“信心，信任，秘密”；B选项account“账户，解释，账目，账单，理由，描述”；C选项thanks“谢谢”；D选项support“支持，帮助，支撑物，支撑，扶持，物质援助，安慰”。句意：西尔维奥•贝卢斯科尼(SilvioBerlusconi)在意大利议会下院仅以微弱优势赢得一票支持后，人们对他维持联盟团结的能力产生了质疑。avoteofsupport投票支持，因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

AseniorUnitedNationsChildren’s（UNICEF）officialonMay29praisedChinaforitsremarkableachievementsinchildren'swelfare.

A.H.M.Farook,UNICEF’soperationsareaofficerforChinaandMongoliasaidthatChina“canbeverysatisfiedtotellthewholeworldwhatcanbedonewithlimitedresourcestohelpitschildrentogrowhealthilyandhappily.”

China’schildpopulationmakesupone-fifthoftheworld'stotal.“ThereasonbehindthetremendousachievementisChina’slongtraditionofcaringforchildrenbothathomeandinsociety,hesaid.”

“What’smoreisthatChinesepeoplehavealwaysgivenspecialattentiontochildrenwhoareinspecialneed.”TheUNofficialmadetheremarkswhenaddressingagroupof50childrenandstafffromtheBeijingChildren’sWelfareHomeattheShangri-laHotel.Beijing.

Thehotelinvitestheorphanstosharesnacks,sing,danceandplaygamesataparkinsidethehotelfora“SharetheSunshine”party,asapreludetocelebrationstomarktheChildren’sDay.

TheBeijingchildren’sWelfareHome,setupsoonafterNewChinawasfoundedin1949,hasatpresentmorethan400children.

Aleadingofficialofthewelfareinstitutionsaidthatthechildrenliveahappylifeandthattheagencyspends400-500yuanamonthforanaverageorphan.AnaverageChineseworkersearned440yuanamonthduringthefirstquarterthisyear.GoXiaojin,deputysecretary-generaloftheChinaYouthDevelopmentFoundation（CYDF）saidpeoplefromallwalksoflifehavecontributedtothewelfareoftheChinesechildren.ShesaidthatCYDFsetuptheProjectHopein1989,whichcallsonpeopleacrossthecountrytodonatemoneytohelppoorchildrentocontinuetheirschooling.

Bytheendoflastyear,shesaid,CYDFhadcollectednearly700millionyuanindonations,whichhashelpedtheestablishmentof2,074hopeprimaryschoolsandenabledmorethan1.25milliondropoutstoreturntoschoolclassrooms.Three“HopeStars”alsoattendedtheparty.Theyweremode1teenagerschosenamongstudentswhoareeconomicallysupportedbytheProjectHopetofurthertheirnine-yearcompulsorystudiesinthepoverty-strickenregions.TheywillbetorchbearersfortheChineseTeamfortheupcomingAtlantaOlympicGamesthisyear.

1.Childrencangrowhealthilyandhappilyaslongas（）.

2.EveryyeartheBejingChildren’sWelfareHomespends（）ontheorphans.

3.CYDFcollected700millionyuanwiththepurposeof（）.

4.Wecaninferfromthetextthat（）.

5.Itispossiblethatthispassagewaswrittenin（）.

问题1选项

A.parentstakegoodcareofthembothathomeandinsociety

B.thewholesocietycareforchildrenaswellastheirparents

C.Schoolsandteacherspaymuchattentiontothegrowthofchildren

D.Chinesepeoplealwaysgivespecialattentiontochildrenwhoareinspecialneed

问题2选项

A.1,920,000yuan2,160.000yuan

B.2,160.000yuan

C.over2,400.000yuan

D.2.200.000yuanorso

问题3选项

A.reducingdropouts

B.helpinghomelessorphans

C.supportingtheChineseTeamforthecomingAtlantaOlympicGames

D.establishing2,074Hopeprimaryschoolsalloverthecountry

问题4选项

A.everyChinesechildhasitsownspecialneed,soweshouldpayspecialattentiontoeach

B.allthechildreninthepoverty-strickenregionsofChinaaretoopoortogotoschool

C.eversinceliberation,theChineseCommunistPartyhasbeenconcernedaboutthegrowthoftheyoungergeneration

D.withthehelpofUNICEFofficials,therearenomoredropoutsinChina

问题5选项

A.1992

B.1996

C.1998

D.2000

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干定位到第一段“ThereasonbehindthetremendousachievementisChina’slongtraditionofcaringforchildrenbothathomeandinsociety,hesaid.他说，这一巨大成就背后的原因是在中国，家庭和社会都照顾儿童的悠久传统。可知中国小孩可以健康快乐成长的原因是社会和家庭对儿童的共同关心。故B项正确。A项只强调了父母的作用；C项只强调了学校和老师的作用；D项“中国人总是关注那些有特殊需要的孩子”这句话只提到了有特殊需要的孩子(比如孤儿)，而题干问的是在什么样的条件下，孩子们才能健康快乐成长，显然题干是指所有的中国孩子。故D项不选。答案B。

2.推理计算题。由第六段TheBeijingchildren’sWelfareHome,setupsoonafterNewChinawasfoundedin1949,hasatpresentmorethan400children.以及第七段Aleadingofficialofthewelfareinstitutionsaidthatthechildrenliveahappylifeandthattheagencyspends400-500yuanamonthforanaverageorphan.可知用于400多名孤儿的福利院的开支为400x12x400=1920,000到400x12x500=2400,000之间，因为文中并未给出孤儿的确切数量和每个孤儿每月的确切开支，故福利院每年用于孤儿身上的开支是不确定的，只能是一个大概范围内的数字，范围为1920000-2400000之间。故D项正确。

3.细节事实题。由最后一段Bytheendoflastyear,shesaid,CYDFhadcollectednearly700millionyuanindonations,whichhashelpedtheestablishmentof2,074hopeprimaryschoolsandenabledmorethan1.25milliondropoutstoreturntoschoolclassrooms.她说，截至去年年底，中国青少年发展基金会已筹集7亿元捐款，帮助建立了2074所希望小学，使125多万失学儿童重返校园。可知D项正确。

4.推理判断题。由第六段“TheBeijingchildren’sWelfareHome,setupsoonafterNewChinawasfoundedin1949,hasatpresentmorethan400children.北京儿童福利院成立于新中国成立（1949）后不久，目前有400多名儿童。可知自新中国成立以来，北京福利院接收了400多名儿童，中国政府一直关心儿童的成长。故C项正确。A项“给每个孩子特特殊关注”是对原文“What’smoreisthatChinesepeoplehavealwaysgivenspecialattentiontochildrenwhoareinspecialneed.”的曲解。BD两项表述有误。

5.细节事实题。由最后一句TheywillbetorchbearersfortheChineseTeamfortheupcomingAtlantaOlympicGamesthisyear.他们将成为今年亚特兰大奥运会中国队的火炬手。可知这篇文章写于亚特兰大奥运会举办的那年，也就是1996年。故B项正确。

4.单选题

Themedicinewassupposedtocureallkindsof（）,rangingfromcoldstobackpains.

问题1选项

A.compliments

B.ailments

C.implements

D.commitments

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。compliment恭维，称赞；ailment疾病，多指小病；implement工具，器具；commitment承诺，保证。句意：据说这种药可以治疗各种各样的疾病，从感冒到背痛都可以。选项B符合句意。

5.单选题

Thisissuchaformidablelistthatwemightbetemptedtoassumethatresearchandhighereducationmustatleastbespeciesofthesamegenusofactivity,evenifnotactually（

）.

问题1选项

A.ideological

B.identical

C.practical

D.methodical

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容词辨析。ideological“意识形态的”；identical“相同的”；practical“实际的”；methodical“有条不紊的”。句意：这一清单令人心生敬畏，以至于有可能让我们觉得研究和高等教育必须至少属于同一类型的活动，即使他们并非真的完全相同。选项B符合句意。

6.翻译题

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

AsIhavesuggested,thenewbreedofinvestorshadbeenplayingwithinformationandturningitintomoney,anotherkindofinformation.However,theFederalReserveBankknewthatoncethegapbetweeninvestmentandproductionbecametoolarge,thesituationwouldresultincrisis.Nowthatithadhappened,onBlackMonday,whatwastobedone?(46)Theanswer,paradoxically,wastoinvestmoremoney—thatis,moreinformation—inthesystem.Evenattheriskoflosingthemoneyimmediately.Thiswouldshoreupthevaluemadefrominformationwithmoreinformation.Andinthisway,themarketwouldquicklyregainitscomposure.Therewas,ofcourse,nocauseforalarmonceinvestors’riskswerecoveredbythegovernment’srisk,thatis,bythewholeeconomyputtingitselfontheline.(47)Thatattitude,however,isboundtogenerateaseriesofotherfruitfulcrises,whichmayeventuallyteachusathingortwoabouttheshortcomingsofrepresentationalmoneyasamediumforsocialdevelopment.

Crisisisthemomentofchange,ofmetamorphosis:wecanimaginethatacaterpillarisindeepcrisisatthemomentitturnsintoabutterfly.Weallthinkthatthewordcrisismeanssomethingterrible,butitdoesn’t.Itmeanssomethingclever,peacefulandgood.CrisiscomesfromtheancientGreekwordkrino,whichmeans“toevaluate,judgeordecide.”Acrisisisatimeforjudgmentandanobjectofjudgment.(48)Thoughmanycrisesareoccasionedbytrulyunpredictableoccurrences,manymorearisefromthebreakdownofoldsystemsastheyareovertakenbythenew.TheBhopaldisasterinIndia,whichclaimedover4,000livesandinjuredmorethan400,000inaneruptionofitsdangerouschemicalMethylIsocyanate(MIC),mighthavebeenpredicted—ifnotaverted—bytrackingthesafetyrecordsofthelocalmanagementwhichactuallyprovedtobeappallinglynegligentandirresponsible.(49)Butarealbreakthroughwasthesuddendiscoveryofthenewcontextofpublicaccountabilityprovidedbyelectroniccommunications.Wehaveallbecomeourbrother’skeepersintheworldofinstantcommunications.Facingacrisis,manypeoplewastetheirtimewatchingtheoldordergodown,deploringtheirfateandregrettingtheworldthathasgoneby.(50)Butittakescriticaljudgmentincriticaltimestounderstandthattherealstoryiswhat’scoming.Thenthetaskofdecidingiseasyandfascinating.

【答案】【参考译文】

46.矛盾的是，答案是向系统投资更多的钱，也就是更多的信息。即使冒着马上失去金钱的风险。

47.然而，这种态度必然会产生一系列其他富有成效的危机，这些危机最终可能会给我们一些关于代表性货币作为社会发展媒介的缺点的教训。

48.尽管许多危机是由真正不可预测的事件引起的，但更多的是出现在旧体制的崩溃中，因为它们被新体制所取代。

49.但真正的突破是由电子通信提供的公共问责的新背景的突然发现。

50.但在关键时刻需要有批判性的判断力才能理解真实的故事是什么。那么做决定的任务就很简单，也很吸引人。

7.单选题

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy'shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes;thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshorteruntiltheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe"untidy"lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionsofthetopfashionhouse.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater,anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou’llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!

1.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare（）.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto（）.

3.Causesoffashionsare（）.

4.Presentdaysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes（）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearance

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

问题2选项

A.confidenceinlife

B.personaldress

C.individualhairstyle

D.personalfuture

问题3选项

A.uniform

B.varied

C.unknown

D.inexplicable

问题4选项

A.uniformity

B.formality

C.informality

D.individuality

问题5选项

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。A“对外表感到满意”与第一段中Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare“很少有人愿意接受我们本来的样子”；B“在意年老时候的外表”，根据文中第一段Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife“十几岁和二十几岁的我们比任何时期都更在意外在和在别人眼中的形象”可推断该选项不正确；C“完全不能忽视时尚”，文中第一段fewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion“几乎没人敢于忽视潮流”可知该选项符合题意；D“不愿意跟随时尚”错误。

2.事实细节题。A“生活中的信心”；B“个人衣着”；C“个人发型”；D“个人未来”。从文章第二段Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.“如果我们照做，电视和杂志告诉我们，我们可以自信地去见新面孔，从容应对任何场合”可知选项A符合题意，故选A。

3.事实细节题。A“全部相同的”；B“多变的，各式各样的”；C“未知的”；D“难以解释的”。根据文章第三段中的Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.“是什么引起时尚的改变？有时候便利或实际需求或仅仅对某个有影响力的人物的个人喜好都可以主导时尚”可知，改变时尚的因素是多种多样的，A、C、D三项均不符合题意，故选B。

4.判断推理题。A“单一性”；B“形式化”；C“非正式化，不拘泥于形式”；D“个性化”。根据第五段中Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushould“只要合理，你可以按照自己的喜好决定着装和发型，而不是你应该穿什么”及Thepopularityofjeansandthe"untidy"look...牛仔裤和不整洁外貌…”可知当今社会更自由和轻松因为当下强调“informality”，故选C。

5.判断推理题。A“在正式场合下要注重外表”；B“正式和非正式场合下的时尚”；C“在非正式场合下忽略外表”；D“在所有场合都忽略外表”。根据最后一段开头Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully“同时，在某些特定的场合,外表依然非常重要,这时候我们必须非常认真地挑选服装”以及下文列举的两个服装与场合不合宜的反面例子，可知A“在正式场合下要注重外表”符合题意，故本题答案为A。

8.单选题

France’s（

）ofnucleartestingintheSouthPacificlastmonthtriggeredpoliticaldebatesandmassdemonstrations.

问题1选项

A.assumption

B.consumption

C.presumption

D.resumption

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项assumption“假定，假设”；B选项consumption“消费，消耗”；C选项presumption“假设，推定”；D选项resumption“恢复，重联，（中断后）再继续”。句意：上个月法国在南太平洋重新进行核试验引发了政界的争论和群众游行示威。结合此处语境，谈及到法国重新进行核试验，因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

PatentmedicineusedinAmericadatesbacktotheearlydaysoftheRepublic,whendrugsimportedfromEuropeweresoldbypostmasters,goldsmiths,grocers,andtailors.TheiruseexpandedduringtheJacksonaneraasAmericansrebelledagainsttraditionaldoctorsandenthusiasticallyendorsed:quackery.Increasingurbanizationandindustrializationalsofedthemarketforpatentmedicines,asnewdrugswereneededtocombatepidemics.Butthese:sales,bymid-century,wereduetotwonon-medicalevents.

Patentlegislationin1793madeitpossibleformanufactures,toprotecttheirproductagainstcounterfeiters.Butmostmanufacturersdidnotseekpatentsontheformulasfortheirmedicines,sincethesewereoftencombinationsofcommonproductslikealcoholandvegetableextractswhichtheypreferrednottoreveal.Instead,theysoughtpatentsontheshapeofthebottle,promotionalmaterials,andlabelinformation.

Thenumberofnewspapers-publishedinthecountrygrewfrom200duringJefferson’sadministrationtoover4000atthetimeofLincoln'spresidency.Thepennypress,begunbyBenjaminDayin1833wasmarketedatamassaudienceandcostjustonecentperissue.Torecoverrevenuelostfromsubscriptionprices,Dayandotherssoughtprofitsthroughadvertising.Patentmedicinewasperfectproducttoadvertiseinpennypaperssinceitssensationalclaimsbuttressedthesensationalbentofthenewsandstoriesinthem.

“LydiaPinkham’sVegetableCompound”wasthemost,successfulpatentmedicineofthecentury,andMrs.Pinkham’sfacewasknownacrossthecountry.LikemostAmericans,shewasconvincedthatDivineProvidencehadstockedthepromisedlandwithvegetablesandherbsunknownelsewhere,whichcouldcuredisease.Mrs.Pinkhamreceivedthebasicformulaforhernostrumaspaymentforadebtowedbyherhusband.Asaresultofsevereeconomichardshipsforherfamily,shebeganheavypromotionofthemedicineinBostonnewspapersin1876,andhersonattachedhismother'spicturetotheproduct.Thuswasbornmodemadvertising.Mrs.Pinkhamwaspopularwithherfemalefollowersforherfeministbent,andforthefactthatsheencouragedthemtowriteherforadvice.AnanalysisofthecompoundbytheAMAin1914revealedthatitwas20percentalcohol,withtherestmadeofvegetableextracts.

1.Whataspectofpatentmedicinedoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theauthorimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwasthereasonwhymostmanufacturerspreferrednottoseekpatentsontheirmedicines?

3.Accordingtoparagraph3,theresultofmarketingthepennypressatamassaudiencewas（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingdidpatentmedicineandthepennypresshaveincommon,accordingtothepassage?

5.WhydoestheauthormentionMrs.Pinkharn'sphoto?

问题1选项

A.Thedangers

B.Whyiswassopopular

C.Asanexampleofquackery

D.Themostsuccessfulproducts

问题2选项

A.Theymademaremoneyfromthebottlethanthecontents

B.Theyconsidereditwasn'tnecessarybecauseofthehighdemandfortheseproducts

C.Thepatentlegislationwasnotaneffectiveprotectionagainstcopies

D.Theyusuallyblendedcommonproductsintomedicines

问题3选项

A.adecreaseinrevenue

B.decreasedsubscriptions

C.increasedadvertising

D.increasedsalesofpatentmedicines

问题4选项

A.Anapproachtogainingattentionofthepublic

B.Abeliefinadvertising

C.Theneedtorecovermoney

D.Amassaudience

问题5选项

A.Becauseofherson

B.Asanexampleofthepromotionalapproach

C.Tohelpexplainwhyshewassopopularwithwomen

D.Becauseofherhusband

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.试题解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段主要介绍了专利药品在美国的起源以及当时销售的渠道；第二段主要介绍了专利权立法的作用以及制造商用它保护药品的产品包装，而不是药物本身的配方；第三段主要讲述了专利药广告在报纸上的刊登，能带来销量；第四段以具体的例子，介绍专利药受欢迎的原因。因此B选项“为什么这么受欢迎”最符合题意。

2.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Butmostmanufacturersdidnotseekpatentsontheformulasfortheirmedicines,sincethesewereoftencombinationsofcommonproductslikealcoholandvegetableextractswhichtheypreferrednottoreveal.（但是大多数制造商并没有为他们的药物的配方申请专利，因为这些药品通常是他们不愿意透露的普通产品的组合，如酒精和蔬菜提取物）可知D选项“他们通常将普通产品混合成药品”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Thepennypress,begunbyBenjaminDayin1833wasmarketedatamassaudienceandcostjustonecentperissue.Torecoverrevenuelostfromsubscriptionprices,Dayandotherssoughtprofitsthroughadvertising.（由BenjaminDay于1833年创办的廉价在大众受众中销售，每期仅售一分钱。为了弥补订阅价格损失的收入，Day和其他人通过广告寻求利润）可知向大众推销廉价报纸的结果是收入的减少，因此选A。

4.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Torecoverrevenuelostfromsubscriptionprices,Dayandotherssoughtprofitsthroughadvertising.Patentmedicinewasperfectproducttoadvertiseinpennypaperssinceitssensationalclaimsbuttressedthesensationalbentofthenewsandstoriesinthem.（为了弥补订阅价格损失的收入，Day和其他人通过广告寻求利润。专利药是在廉价报纸上做广告的完美产品，由于其耸人听闻的说法支持了新闻和故事的耸人听闻的倾向）可知专利药在报纸上做广告的目的是为了吸引观众，销售其产品来获利，廉价报纸的发行也是为了获利，因此选C。

5.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的的Asaresultofsevereeconomichardshipsforherfamily,shebeganheavypromotionofthemedicineinBostonnewspapersin1876,andhersonattachedhismother'spicturetotheproduct.Thuswasbornmodemadvertising.（由于家庭经济困难，她于1876年开始在波士顿报纸上大力推广这种药物，她的儿子把她的照片贴在产品上。因此，现代广告诞生了）可知作者提及Mrs.Pinkharn'sphoto的照片是把其当作推销手段中的一个例子，因此选B。

10.单选题

（

）quantitiesofwaterarebeingusednowadayswiththerapiddevelopmentofindustryandagriculture.

问题1选项

A.Excessive

B.Extensive

C.Extreme

D.Exclusive

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如今，随着工农业快速发展水的消耗很大。

形容词辨析。Excessive过多的，过分的;Extensive广泛的，大量的;Extreme极端的;exclusive独有的，排外的。因此B符合句意。

11.单选题

Practicingmindfulnessandmeditationisbecomingincreasinglypopularamonglawyersinorderto（）somuchofthestressthatgoesalongwithacareerasanattorney.

问题1选项

A.aggravate

B.alleviate

C.deteriorate

D.diminish

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项aggravate“加重，激怒”；B选项alleviate“减轻，缓和”；C选项deteriorate“恶化，变坏”；D选项diminish“减少，缩小”。句意：练习专注和冥想受到了越来越多的律师欢迎，他们以此来减轻伴随律师这个职业的诸多压力。选项B符合句意。

12.单选题

Onceyougettoknowyourmistakes,youshould（）themassoonaspossible.

问题1选项

A.rectify

B.reclaim

C.refrain

D.reckon

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项rectify“纠正”；B选项reclaim“开拓；回收再利用；改造某人”；C选项refrain“节制，克制；避免；制止”；D选项reckon“测算，估计；认为”。句意：一旦你认识到自己的错误，那么你应该尽可能快地纠正它们。结合句意，A选项正确。

13.单选题

Ifaman（）himselfandhisfamilyoffoodinordertobuyacat,wecouldconsiderhimmad.

问题1选项

A.deprived

B.robbed

C.rejected

D.denied

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项deprive表示“使丧失，剥夺”，deprivesb.ofsth表示“从某人处剥夺某物”；B选项rob表示“抢劫，掠夺；非法剥夺”，robsbofsth表示“抢劫某人的某物；C选项reject表示“拒绝；排斥；抵制；丢弃”；D选项deny表示“否定，否认；拒绝给予”，denysb.sth表示“拒绝给予某人某物”。根据句意可知，如果一位男士为了买一只猫使得自己和家人没有食物可吃，那么我们会认为他发疯了。故A项deprive（使丧失，剥夺）最符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为A项。

14.单选题

TheCardinalandDanieldeBosolaenterfromtheright.Inappearance,theCardinalissomethingbetweenanElGrecocardinalandaVanDykenoblelord.Hehasthetall,spareform—theelongatedhandsandfeatures—oftheformer;thetrimpointedbeard,theimperialrepose,thecommandingauthorityofthelatter.ButtheElGrecofeaturesarenotreallythoseofasceticismorinnermysticspirituality.Theyaretheindextoacold,refinedbutruthlesscrueltyinahighlycivilizedcontrolledform.Neitheristheimperialreposeanaloofmoodofprouddetachment.Itisarefinedexpressionofasatanicprideofplaceandtalent.Toadegree,theCardinal’scoldnessisartificiallycultivated.HehasdefinedhimselfagainsthisyoungerbrothertheDukeandistheoppositetotheoverwroughtemotionalityofthelatter.ButtheCardinal’saloofmoodisnotoneofblanddetachment.Itisthedeliberatedetachmentofamethodicalmanwhocollectshisthoughtsandemotionsintothemostcompactandformidableshape―thatwhenhestrikes,hemaystrikewiththemoreefficientanddevastatingforce.Hiseasymovementsarethoseoftheslowlycirclingeaglejustbeforetheswiftdescentwiththeexposedtalons.Above