考研考博-英语-北京农学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京农学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Prof.White,myrespectedtutor,frequentlyremindsmeto（）myselfofeverychancetoimprovemyEnglish.

问题1选项

A.assure

B.inform

C.avail

D.notify

【答案】C

【解析】副词词义辨析。根据句意：我尊敬的导师White教授经常提醒我要利用一切机会提高我的英语水平。选项C最为恰当，表示有益于，有助于。

2.单选题

Thecar,atleastasweknowit,isonthewayout,becauseitsexhaust（

）athreattotheenvironment.

问题1选项

A.originates

B.poses

C.offends

D.paralyzes

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。originate起源，发源；pose造成问题等；offend冒犯，进攻；paralyze使麻痹。句意：至少就我们所知，汽车正在被淘汰，因为它的废气对环境造成了威胁。poseathreatto为固定搭配，表示“对...造成威胁”，所以选项B正确。

3.单选题

Informationistheprimarycommodityinmoreandmoreindustriestoday.

By2005,83%ofAmericanmanagementpersonnelwillbeknowledgeworkers.EuropeandJapanarenotfarbehind.

By2005,halfofallknowledgeworkers(22%ofthelaborforce)willchoose“flextime,flexplace”arrangements,whichallowthemtoworkhome,communicatingwiththeofficeviacomputernetworks.

IntheUnitedStates,theso-called“digitaldivide''seemstobedisappearing.Inearly2000,apollfound,that,wherehalfofwhitehouseholdsownedcomputers,sodidfully43%ofAfrican-Americanhouseholds,andtheirnumbersweregrowingrapidly.Hispanichouseholdscontinuedtodagbehind,buttheirrateofcomputerownershipwasexpandingaswell.

Company-ownedandindustry-widetelevisionnetworksarebringingprogrammingtothousandsoflocations.BusinessTVisbecomingbigbusiness.

Computercompetencewillapproach100%inUSurbanareasbytheyear2005,withEuropeandJapannotfarbehind.

80%ofUShomeswillhavecomputersin2005,comparedwithroughly50%now.IntheUnitedStates,5ofthe10fastest-growingcareersbetweennowand2005willbecomputerrelated.Demandforprogrammersandsystemsanalystswillgrowby70%.ThesametrendisacceleratinginEurope,Japan,andIndia.

By2005,nearlyallcollegetextsandmanyhighschoolandjuniorhighbookswillbetiedtoInternetsitesthatprovidesourcematerial,studyexercises,andrelevantnewsarticlestoaidinlearning.OtherswillcomewithCD-ROMsthatoffersimilarresources.

Internetlinkswillprovideaccesstothecardcataloguesofallthemajorlibrariesintheworldby2005.ItwillbepossibletocalluponaPCscreenmillionsofvolumesfromdistantlibraries.Websitesenhancebooksbyprovidingpictures,sound,filmclips,andflexibleindexingandsearchutilities.

Implications:AnyonewithaccesstotheInternetwillbeabletoachievetheeducationneededtobuildaproductivelifeinanincreasinglyhigh-techworld.ComputerlearningmayevenreducethegrowingAmericanprisonpopulation.

Knowledgeworkersaregenerallybetterpaidthanless-skilledworkers.Theirwealthisraisingoverallprosperity.

Evenentry-levelworkersandthoseinformerlyunskilledpositionsrequireagrowinglevelofeducation.Foragoodcareerinalmostanyfield,computercompetenceisamust.Thisisonemajortrendraisingthelevelofeducationrequiredforaproductiveroleintoday’sworkforce.Formanyworkers,theopportunityfortrainingisbecomingoneofthemostdesirablebenefitsanyjobcanoffer.

1.InformationtechnologyisexpectedtohaveimpactonallthefollowingEXCEPT_____.

2.“digitaldivide”inthe4thparagraphrefersto______.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?

4.WhichofthefollowingareasisNOTdiscussedinthepassage?

5.Attheendofthepassage,theauthorseemstoemphasize_______inanincreasinglyhigh-techworld.

问题1选项

A.Americanmanagementpersonnel

B.Europeanmanagementpersonnel

C.Americanpeople’schoiceofcareer

D.traditionalpracticeatwork

问题2选项

A.thegapintermsofcomputerownership

B.thetendencyofcomputerownership

C.thedividinglinebasedondigits

D.theethnicdistinctionamongAmericanhouseholds

问题3选项

A.By2005allcollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillturnelectronic.

B.By2005printedcollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillbesupplementedwithelectronicmaterial.

C.By2005somecollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillbeaccompaniedbyCD-ROMs.

D.By2005Internetlinksmakeworldwidelibrarysearchapossibility.

问题4选项

A.Futurecareers.

B.Natureoffuturework.

C.Ethnicdifferences.

D.Schoolsandlibraries.

问题5选项

A.thevarietyofeducation

B.thecontentofeducation

C.theneedforeducation

D.thefunctionofeducation

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第二段中的By2005,83%ofAmericanmanagementpersonnelwillbeknowledgeworkers.EuropeandJapanarenotfarbehind.（到2005年，美国83%的管理人员将成为知识型员工。欧洲和日本紧跟其后）与A、B选项对应；第七段中的IntheUnitedStates,5ofthe10fastest-growingcareersbetweennowand2005willbecomputerrelated.（在美国，从现在到2005年10个发展最快的职业中，有5个是与计算机相关的）与C选项对应。通过排除法排除A、B、C选项，因此选D。

2.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的wherehalfofwhitehouseholdsownedcomputers,sodidfully43%ofAfrican-Americanhouseholds,andtheirnumbersweregrowingrapidly（一半的白人家庭拥有电脑，43%的非裔美国家庭拥有电脑，而且他们的数量正在迅速增长）可知“digitaldivide”指的是拥有电脑方面的差距，因此选A。

3.推理判断题。由文章第八段中的By2005,nearlyallcollegetextsandmanyhighschoolandjuniorhighbookswillbetiedtoInternetsitesthatprovidesourcematerial,studyexercises,andrelevantnewsarticlestoaidinlearning.（到2005年，几乎所有的大学课本和许多高中和初中书籍都将与互联网网站联系在一起，这些网站提供资源、练习和相关的新闻文章，以帮助学习）可知互联网知识作为辅助一种辅助工具，因此A选项表述不正确。

4.细节事实题。文章第七段中的IntheUnitedStates,5ofthe10fastest-growingcareersbetweennowand2005willbecomputerrelated.（在美国，从现在到2005年10个发展最快的职业中，有5个是与计算机相关的）与A选项对应。第四段中的wherehalfofwhitehouseholdsownedcomputers,sodidfully43%ofAfrican-Americanhouseholds,andtheirnumbersweregrowingrapidly（一半的白人家庭拥有电脑，43%的非裔美国家庭拥有电脑，而且他们的数量正在迅速增长）与C选项对应；倒数第四段中的Internetlinkswillprovideaccesstothecardcataloguesofallthemajorlibrariesintheworldby2005.（到2005年，互联网链接将提供世界上所有主要图书馆的卡片目录）与D选项对应。通过排除法排除A、C、D选项，因此选B。

5.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Evenentry-levelworkersandthoseinformerlyunskilledpositionsrequireagrowinglevelofeducation.（即使是初级工人和以前非技术性职位的工人也需要越来越高的教育水平）可知选C。

4.单选题

Withmostonlinerecruitmentservices,job-huntersmustchoosetheirwordscarefully,（

）thesearchenginewillnevermakethecorrectmatch.

问题1选项

A.therefore

B.whereas

C.provided

D.otherwise

【答案】D

【解析】考查逻辑连接词。therefore为连接性副词，表示“因此”；whereas“然而”；provided“假如，以……为条件”；otherwise“否则就”。句意：求职者通过在线求职服务求职时必须仔细选择用词，否则搜索引擎无法正确匹配。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Thestaffinthekitchenhas____themessagethatacustomerwantedaspecialdish.

问题1选项

A.ordered

B.received

C.pointed

D.accepted

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.ordered点餐B.received接收

C.pointed指定D.accepted接受

【考查点】动宾搭配与语义衔接

【解题思路】原句语义为“厨房里的工作人员____顾客想要一份特色菜的信息”，原句想表达的是厨房里的人知道有位顾客想要一份特色菜这件事了，空格处所填动词搭配的宾语是“消息；信息（message）”。B选项received“接收”符合动宾搭配和语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】

A选项ordered“点餐”，不符合动宾搭配；

C选项pointed“指定”，不符合动宾搭配；

D选项accepted“接受”，侧重于指认同所收到的信息，不太符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】厨房里的工作人员接收到了顾客想要一份特色菜的信息。

6.单选题

Sinceneithersidewasreadyto______whatwasnecessaryforpeace,hostilitywasresumedin1980.

问题1选项

A.precede

B.recede

C.concede

D.intercede

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项precede“领先”；B选项recede“后退；减弱”；C选项concede“让步”；D选项intercede“调解，调停”。句意：由于双方都不愿意对和平的必要条件______，1980年又恢复了敌对状态。根据语境，这里指双方不肯让步，C选项concede“让步”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

Ifinnovatorsarenotfinanciallyrewardedfortheirinnovations,theincentiveforpath-breakinginnovationwilleventuallydryup.

问题1选项

A.investment

B.resource

C.inspiration

D.stimulus

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。incentive表示“动机，刺激”；A项investment“投资”，B项resource“资源”，C项inspiration“灵感，鼓舞”，D项stimulus“刺激，激励”。句意：如果创新者的创新没有得到经济上的奖励，那么对开创性创新的激励最终会枯竭。根据句意可知，选择D项正确。

8.单选题

Thesecurityguard（）twomenwhowereyellinginthecourtroom.

问题1选项

A.dispelled

B.propelled

C.repelled

D.expelled

【答案】D

【解析】句意:保安将两名在法庭上大喊大叫的男子驱逐了出去。

考查动词辨析。dispel驱散，消除(尤指感觉或信仰);propel推进，驱使：repel击退，抵制：expel驱逐，开除。根据关键词“大喊大叫的男子”可知D项符合句意。

9.单选题

StateswillbeabletoforcemorepeopletopaysalestaxwhentheymakeonlinepurchasesunderaSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaythatwillleaveshopperswithlighterwalletsbutisabigfinancialwinforstates.

TheSupremeCourt'sopinionThursdayoverruledapairofdecades-olddecisionsthatstatessaidcostthembillionsofdollarsinlostrevenueannually.Thedecisionsmadeitmoredifficultforstatestocollectsalestaxoncertainonlinepurchases.

Thecasesthecourtoverturnedsaidthatifabusinesswasshippingacustomer'spurchasetoastatewherethebusinessdidn'thaveaphysicalpresencesuchasawarehouseoroffice,thebusinessdidn'thavetocollectsalestaxforthestate.Customersweregenerallyresponsibleforpayingthesalestaxtothestatethemselvesiftheyweren'tchargedit,butmostdidn'trealizetheyoweditandfewpaid.

JusticeAnthonyKennedywrotethatthepreviousdecisionswereflawed.“EachyearphysicalpresencerulebecomesfurtherremovedfromeconomicrealityandresultsinsignificantrevenuelossestotheStates,”hewroteinanopinionjoinedbyfourotherjustices.Kennedywrotethattherule“limitedstates'abilitytoseeklong-termprosperityandhaspreventedmarketparticipantsfromcompetingonanevenplayingfield.”

Therulingisavictoryforbigchainswithapresenceinmanystates,sincetheyusuallycollectsalestaxononlinepurchasesalready.Now,rivalswillbechargingsalestaxwheretheyhadn'tbefore.Bigchainshavebeencollectingsalestaxnationwidebecausetheytypicallyhavephysicalstoresinwhateverstateapurchaseisbeingshippedto.A,withitsnetworkofwarehouses,alsocollectssalestaxineverystatethatchargesit,thoughthird-partysellerswhousethesitedon'thaveto.

Untilnow,manysellersthathaveaphysicalpresenceinonlyasinglestateorafewstateshavebeenabletoavoidchargingsalestaxeswhentheyshiptoaddressesoutsidethosestates.SellersthatuseeBayandEtsy,whichprovideplatformsforsmallersellers,alsohavencollectingsalestaxnationwide.UndertherulingThursday,statescanpasslawsrequiringout-of-statesellerstocollectthestate'ssalestaxfromcustomersandsendittothestate.

Retailtradegroupspraisedtheruling,sayingitlevelstheplayingfieldforlocalandonlinebusinesses.Thelosers,saidretailanalystNeilSaunders,areonline-onlyretailers,especiallysmallerones.Thoseretailersmayfaceheadachescomplyingwithvariousstatesalestaxlaws.TheSmallBusiness&EntrepreneurshipCounciladvocacygroupsaidinaastatement,"businessesandinternetentrepreneursarenotwellservedatallbythisdecision.”

1.TheSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaywill（

）.

2.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraphs2and3thattheoverruleddecisions（

）.

3.AccordingtoJusticeAnthonyKennedy,thephysicalpresencerulehas（

）.

4.WhoaremostlikelytowelcometheSupremeCourtruling（

）.

5.IndealingwiththeSupremeCourtdecisionThursday,theauthor（

）.

问题1选项

A.endetterbusiness'revolutionswithstates

B.putmostonlinebusinessinadilemma

C.makemoreonlineshopperspaysalestax

D.forcessomestatestocutsalestax

问题2选项

A.haveledtothedominanceofe-commerce

B.havecostconsumersalotovertheyears

C.werewidelycriticizedbyonlinepurchases

D.wereconsideredupfavorablebystates

问题3选项

A.hinderedeconomicdevelopment

B.broughtprosperitytothecountry

C.harmedfairmarketcompetition

D.boostedgrowthinstatesrevenue

问题4选项

A.Internetentrepreneurs

B.Big-chainowners

C.Third-partysellers

D.Smallretailers

问题5选项

A.givesafactualaccountofitanddiscussesitsconsequences

B.describesthelongandcomplicatedprocessofitsmaking

C.presentsitsmainpointswithconflictingviewsonthem

D.citiessomecasesrelatedtoitandanalyzestheirimplications

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.本题为细节题，根据题干关键字“theSupremeCourtdecisionThursday”定位到原文第一段“StateswillbeabletoforcemorepeopletopaysalestaxwhentheymakeonlinepurchasesunderaSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaythat...”前半句已经明确提出各州的在线购物可能要交税，对应选项C，原词“online”加“shoppers”是对“purchase”的同义替换。其他三个选项均为提及。

2.根据题干“learned”可知本题为推理题，根据关键字“theoverruleddecisions”定位到原文第二段的两句，大意为“州政府抱怨以前的政策使每年税收损失惨重，因此以前的政策很难再收取网上营业税”两句表示出的意思都是对州政府的不利，对比四个选项，得出答案D，州政府认为原政策对州会不利，因此驳回这项决定会对州有利，为正话反说。

3.本题为细节题，根据题干关键词“JusticeAnthonyKennedy”“thephysicalpresencerule”定位到原文第四段的第二句和第三句，大意为实体店规定导致州政府税收亏损，接着下一句Kennedywrotethattherule“limitedstates'abilitytoseeklong-termprosperityandhaspreventedmarketparticipantsfromcompetingonanevenplayingfield.”该规定限制了各州长期繁荣，并妨碍市场参与者参与公平竞争。对比四个选项，C选项为“破坏了公平市场竞争”和原文“competing”“marketparticipants”一一对应，为正确答案。

4.根据题干“likely”得出本题为推理题，利用关键词“welcometheSupremeCourtruling”定位到原文第五段第一句“Therulingisavictoryforbigchainswithapresenceinmanystates,since...”对于大公司来说这项规定是一种胜利，因为……只需找到关键词“bigchain”即可选出B选项：大型连锁公司。

5.本题为主旨题，需找出作者的相应观点与论证，根据题干关键词“IndealingwiththeSupremeCourtdecisionThursday”回顾每段首尾句，推测每段大意。第一段讲述最高法院通过了征收在线营业税的决定，第二段介绍之前的裁决及后果是对州政府不利的，第三段介绍了原来裁决涉及到的案例，第四段陈列了法官的观点，即以前的裁决是有问题的，第五段主要讲述新判决会对大型连锁超市产生有利的影响，第六段讲述新裁决对州外卖价的影响，第七段表示新的判决得到零售界的肯定，因此本文的思路为：首段引出新判决，二三四段列举相关案例，五六七段对其影响进行讲述，对比四个选项，得出D：作者在讲述这个判决时引用了相关案例并分析了它们的影响。

10.单选题

BetweentheeighthandeleventhcenturiesA.D.，theByzantineEmpire(拜占庭帝国)stagedanalmostunparalleledeconomicandculturalrevival,arecoverythatisallthemorestrikingbecauseitfollowedalongperiodofsevereinternaldecline.Bytheearlyeighthcentury,theempirehadlostroughlytwo-thirdsoftheterritoryithadpossessedintheyear600,anditsremainingareawasbeingraidedbyArabsandBulgarians,whoattimesthreatenedtotakeConstantinopleandextinguishedtheempirealtogether.Thewealthofthestateanditssubjectswasgreatlydiminished,andartisticandliteraryproductionhadvirtuallyceased.Bytheearlyeleventhcentury,however,theempirehadregainedalmosthalfofitslostpossessions,itsnewfrontiersweresecure,anditsinfluenceextendedfarbeyonditsborders.Theeconomyhadrecovered,thetreasurywasfull,andartandscholarshiphadadvanced.

ToconsidertheByzantinemilitary,cultural,andeconomicadvancesasdifferentiatedaspectsofasinglephenomenonisreasonable.Afterall,thesethreeformsofprogresshavegonetogetherinanumberofstatesandcivilizations.RomeunderAugustusandfifth-centuryAthensprovidethemostobviousexamplesinantiquity.Moreover,anexaminationoftheapparentsequentialconnectionsamongmilitary,economic,andculturalformsofprogressmighthelpexplainthedynamicsofhistoricalchange.

ThecommonexplanationoftheseapparentconnectionsinthecaseofByzantiumwouldrunlikethis:whentheempirehadturnedbackenemyraidsonitsownterritoryandhadbeguntoraidandconquerenemyterritory,Byzantineresourcesnaturallyexpandedandmoremoneybecameavailabletopatronizeartandliterature.Therefore,Byzantinemilitaryachievementsledtoeconomicadvances,whichinturnledtoculturalrevival.

Nodoubtthishypotheticalpatterndidapplyattimesduringthecourseoftherecovery.Yetitisnotclearthatmilitaryadvancesinvariablycamefirst.Economicadvancessecond,andintellectualadvancesthird.Inthe860’stheByzantineEmpirebegantorecoverfromArabincursionssothatby872themilitarybalancewiththeAbbasidCaliphatehadbeenpermanentlyalteredintheempire’sfavor.Thebeginningoftheempire’seconomicrevival,however,canbeplacedbetween810and830.Finally,theByzantinerevivaloflearningappearstohavebegunevenearlier.Anumberofnotablescholarsandwritersappearedby788and,bythelastdecadeoftheeighthcentury,aculturalrevivalwasinfullbloom,arevivalthatlasteduntilthefallofConstantinoplein1453.Thus,thecommonlyexpectedorderofmilitaryrevivalfollowedbyeconomicandthenbyculturalrecoverywasreversedinByzantium.Infact,therevivalofByzantinelearningmayitselfhaveinfluencedthesubsequenteconomicandmilitaryexpansion.

41.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthetext?

42.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheByzantineEmpiresustainedsignificantterritoriallosses___.

43.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthormostprobablyprovidesanexplanationoftheapparentconnectionsamongeconomic,military,andculturaldevelopmentinorderto___.

44.WhichofthefollowingdoestheauthormentionascrucialevidenceconcerningthemannerinwhichtheByzantinerevivalbegan?

45.Accordingtotheauthor,“Thecommonexplanation”(paragraph3)ofconnectionsbetweeneconomic,military,andculturaldevelopmentis___.

问题1选项

A.TheByzantineEmpirewasauniquecaseinwhichtheusualorderofmilitaryandeconomicrevivalprecedingculturalrevivalwasreversed.

B.Theeconomic,cultural,andmilitaryrevivalintheByzantineEmpirebetweentheeighthandeleventhcenturieswassimilarinitsordertothesequenceofrevivalinAugustanRomeandfifth-centuryAthens.

C.After810Byzantineeconomicrecoveryspurredamilitaryand,later,culturalexpansionthatlasteduntil1453.

D.TherevivaloftheByzantineEmpirebetweentheeighthandeleventhcenturiesshowsculturalrebirthprecedingeconomicandmilitaryrevival,thereverseofthegenerallyacceptedsequenceofprogress.

问题2选项

A.in600

B.duringtheseventhcentury

C.acenturyaftertheculturalachievementsoftheByzantineEmpirehadbeenlost

D.soonaftertherevivalofByzantinelearning

问题3选项

A.suggestthattheprocessofrevivalinByzantiumaccordswiththismodel

B.setupanorderofeventsthatisthenshowntobenotgenerallyapplicabletothecaseofByzantium

C.castaspersionsontraditionalhistoricalscholarshipaboutByzantium

D.suggestthatByzantiumrepresentsacaseforwhichnohistoricalprecedentexists

问题4选项

A.TheByzantinemilitaryrevivalofthe860’sledtoeconomicandculturaladvances.

B.TheByzantineculturalrevivallasteduntil1453.

C.TheByzantineeconomicrecoverybeganinthe900’s.

D.TherevivalofByzantinelearningbegantowardtheendoftheeighthcentury.

问题5选项

A.revolutionaryandtoonewtohavebeenappliedtothehistoryoftheByzantineEmpire

B.reasonable,butanantiquatedtheoryofthenatureofprogress

C.notapplicabletotheByzantinerevivalasawhole,butdoesperhapsaccuratelydescribelimitedperiodsduringtherevival

D.equallyapplicabletotheByzantinecaseasawholeandtothehistoryofmilitary,economic,andculturaladvancesinancientGreeceandRome

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】41.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段开头BetweentheeighthandeleventhcenturiesA.D.,theByzantineEmpirestagedanalmostunparalleledeconomicandculturalrevival,arecoverythatisallthemorestrikingbecauseitfollowedalongperiodofsevereinternaldecline.（在公元8世纪到11世纪之间，拜占庭帝国上演了一场几乎无与伦比的经济和文化复兴，这种复兴之所以格外引人注目，是因为它经历了一段长时间的严重内部衰退）和最后一段结尾Thus,thecommonlyexpectedorderofmilitaryrevivalfollowedbyeconomicandthenbyculturalrecoverywasreversedinByzantium.Infact,therevivalofByzantinelearningmayitselfhaveinfluencedthesubsequenteconomicandmilitaryexpansion.（因此，在拜占庭，人们普遍期望的军事复兴，随后是经济复苏，然后是文化复苏的秩序被逆转了。事实上，拜占庭学习的复兴本身可能影响了后来的经济和军事扩张）可知选D选项“拜占庭帝国在8世纪和11世纪之间的复兴显示了经济和军事复兴之前的文化复兴，与普遍接受的进步秩序相反”；根据第二段开头ToconsidertheByzantinemilitary,cultural,andeconomicadvancesasdifferentiatedaspectsofasinglephenomenonisreasonable.Afterall,thesethreeformsofprogresshavegonetogetherinanumberofstatesandcivilizations.（将拜占庭的军事、文化和经济进步视为单一现象的不同方面是合理的。毕竟，这三种形式的进步在许多国家和文明中是同时发生）可知A选项“拜占庭帝国是一个独特的例子，在文化复兴之前，通常的军事和经济复兴的秩序被逆转了”错误，文中只是说明了拜占庭帝国的发展顺序与一般的不一样，但并未说明唯一；B选项“810年后，拜占庭的经济复苏刺激了军事和文化的扩张，这种扩张一直持续到1453年”，C选项“8世纪拜占庭学术的复兴是一种无法解释的现象，它的经济和军事先驱尚未被发现”只是文章中的部分内容，并不能概括文章主旨。因此D选项符合题意。

42.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到原文第一段Bytheearlyeighthcentury,theempirehadlostroughlytwo-thirdsoftheterritoryithadpossessedintheyear600…（到了八世纪初，帝国在公元600年失去了大约三分之二的领土）可以推断出在七世纪时拜占庭帝国遭受到了严重的领域损失，所以到八世纪初，帝国失去了大约三分之二的领土，选B选项“在七世纪”，同时可知A选项“600年”错误；C选项“拜占庭帝国的文化成就消失后的一个世纪”和D选项“拜占庭学习复兴后不久”和原文不符，排除。因此B选项正确。

43.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到第三段ThecommonexplanationoftheseapparentconnectionsinthecaseofByzantiumwouldrunlikethis:whentheempirehadturnedbackenemyraidsonitsownterritoryandhadbeguntoraidandconquerenemyterritory,Byzantineresourcesnaturallyexpandedandmoremoneybecameavailabletopatronizeartandliterature.Therefore,Byzantinemilitaryachievementsledtoeconomicadvances,whichinturnledtoculturalrevival.（在拜占庭的例子中，对这些明显联系的一般解释是这样的：当帝国拒绝了敌人对自己领土的袭击，并开始突袭和征服敌人的领土时，拜占庭的资源自然扩大了，更多的钱可以用来资助艺术和文学。因此，拜占庭的军事成就导致了经济的发展，经济的发展反过来又导致了文化的复兴）证明拜占庭的情况和常见的事件顺序不一样，则选B选项“建立一个事件的顺序，然后显示不普遍适用于拜占庭的情况”，同时可知A选项“认为拜占庭的复兴过程符合这个模式”错误；C选项“对关于拜占庭的传统历史学术进行诽谤”不是作者的意图，在文章中看不到与之相关的线索；D选项“表明拜占庭代表了一个没有历史先例的案例”也未在原文确定。因此B选项正确。

44.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。定位到最后一段Thebeginningoftheempire’seconomicrevival,however,canbeplacedbetween810and830.Finally,theByzantinerevivaloflearningappearstohavebegunevenearlier.（然而，罗马帝国的经济复苏开始于810年至830年之间。最后，拜占庭式的学习复兴似乎更早开始）以及最后一句Infact,therevivalofByzantinelearningmayitselfhaveinfluencedthesubsequenteconomicandmilitaryexpansion.（事实上，拜占庭学习的复兴本身可能影响了后来的经济和军事扩张）可知选D选项“拜占庭学习的复兴开始于8世纪末”，同时可知A选项“拜占庭军事的复兴导致了经济和文化的进步”和C选项“拜占庭的经济复苏开始于900年”错误；B选项“拜占庭文化的复兴持续到1453年”在原文中有提及，但是不符合题目所问关于拜占庭复兴方式的关键证据，排除。因此D选项正确。

45.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第三段ThecommonexplanationoftheseapparentconnectionsinthecaseofByzantiumwouldrunlikethis:whentheempirehadturnedbackenemyraidsonitsownterritoryandhadbeguntoraidandconquerenemyterritory,Byzantineresourcesnaturallyexpandedandmoremoneybecameavailabletopatronizeartandliterature.（在拜占庭的例子中，对这些明显联系的一般解释是这样的：当帝国拒绝了敌人对自己领土的袭击，并开始突袭和征服敌人的领土时，拜占庭的资源自然扩大了，更多的钱可以用来资助艺术和文学）以及结合第四段开头Nodoubtthishypotheticalpatterndidapplyattimesduringthecourseoftherecovery.（毫无疑问，在经济复苏的过程中，这种假设模式有时确实适用）可知选C选项“不适用于拜占庭的整个复兴，但可能准确地描述了复兴期间的有限时期”，同时可知A选项“革命性的，太新了，不适合应用于拜占庭帝国的历史”以及D选项“同样适用于整个拜占庭案件以及古希腊和罗马的军事、经济和文化进步的历史”错误；B选项“合理的，但是一个关于进步本质的过时的理论”原文未涉及，排除。因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

Thecustomsinspectorwas______forsmugglers.

问题1选项

A.ontheguard

B.onthewatch

C.onwatch

D.onalert

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项搭配不正确，应为onguard“站岗，警惕，提防”；B选项onthewatch“留神，守候，注意”；C选项onwatch“值班，放哨，监视”；D选项onalert“提防着，警惕着”。根据Thecustomsinspector（海关稽查员）与smugglers（走私者）可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：海关稽查员在密切关注着走私者。

12.单选题

SanFranciscoclimbsandfallsovernumeroushills,whichprovide（

）viewsofthewidebayandtheGoldenGateBridge.

问题1选项

A.flashy

B.transient

C.breathtaking

D.ambiguous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。flashy“闪光的，瞬间的”；transient“短暂的”；breathtaking“惊人的，惊险的，令人激动的”；ambiguous“模糊不清的”。句意：旧金山位于高低起伏的小山上，能让人们看到令人激动的大湾以及金门桥。由climbsandfallsovernumeroushills以及空格后的widebay“宽阔海湾”可知海湾和金门桥的景象是令人激动的。答案C

13.翻译题

Mydictionarydefineshappyas“lucky”or“fortunate”,butIthinkabetterdefinitionofhappinessis“thecapacityforenjoyment.”Themorewecanenjoywhatwehave,thehappierweare.It’seasytooverlookthepleasurewegetfromlovingandbeingloved,thecompanyoffriends,thefreedomtolivewhereweplease,evengoodhealth.

Iaddedupmylittlemomentsofpleasureyesterday.FirsttherewassheerblisswhenIshutthelastlunchboxandhadthehousetomyself.ThenIspentanuninterruptedmorningwriting,whichIlove.Whenthekidscamehome,Ienjoyedtheirnoiseafterthequirtoftheday.Later,peacedescendedagain,andmyhusbandandIenjoyedanotherpleasure—intimacy.Sometimesjusttheknowledgethathewantsmecanbringmejoy.

【答案】

我的字典把幸福定义为“幸运”或“好运”。但是我想幸福更好的定义是“享受的能力”。我们越能享受所拥有的一切，我们就越快乐。我们很容易忽视从爱与被爱、朋友的陪伴、住在想住的地方的自由，甚至健康的身体中获得的快乐。

我总结一下我昨天的幸福时刻：首先是我合上最后一个午餐饭盒，独自在家时，我感到无比幸福；然后过了一个写作不受干扰的上午，这令我愉快；等到孩子们回家，我享受安静的一天过后他们吵闹的声音。不久，宁静再次降临，我和丈夫享受另一种快乐——亲密。有时候，只要想到他需要我，就能给我带来快乐。

14.单选题

Whenseeninthislight,thelanguagethesereportersuseismorecomplexthanit_____.

问题1选项

A.needs

B.needsto

C.needstobe

D.needstobeso

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.needs需要B.needsto需要

C.needstobe需要D.needstobeso需要这样

【考查点】比较级than的用法。

【解题思路】在than的比较状语从句中，与主句相同部分可以省略，而不同部分需要写出；在这个句子中主句是thelanguageismorecomplex（语言更加复杂），与从句共同的部分是morecomplex，所以从句需要把主谓写出来，即itneedstobe。因此，该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、B选项不符合语法；

D选项不需要加副词so。

【句意】从这个角度看，这些记者使用的语言比需要的更加复杂。

15.单选题

Inthemorningthechildrenweredelightedtofindthateverythingwasundera（）ofsnowoutside.

问题1选项

A.coat

B.cloak

C.frock

D.shawl

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项coat“外套；表层”；B选项cloak“斗篷；宽大外衣”；C选项frock“女装；连衣裙；罩袍”；D选项shawl“围巾；长方形披巾”。句意：早上孩子们高兴地发现，外面的一切都在一层雪的下面。固定搭配acoatof“一层”，结合此处语境，A选项正确。

16.单选题

[A]Amilk[B]canprovideprotein[C]foracheap,[D]nutritionallybalanceddiet.

问题1选项

A.A

B.canprovide

C.foracheap

D.nutritionally

【答案】A

【解析】【考查点】冠词的使用。

【解题思路】Milk（牛奶）是不可数名词，因此不能用不定冠词a修饰，故去掉a。该题选择A项。

【句意】牛奶可以提供蛋白质，提供便宜、营养均衡的饮食。

17.单选题

______，theshortisinsomewaysnotreallynew.

问题1选项

A.Likemanyanothernewthings

B.Likemuchothernewthings

C.Likemanyothernewthings

D.Likemanyanothernewthing

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法知识。another“又一，另一个”，一般用来修饰或代指可数名词单数，因此排除A和D选项；much不能用来修饰可数名词，排除B选项。因此C选项符合题意。

18.单选题

Imissedthelastflight,anddecided（

）tostaythenightattheairport.

问题1选项

A.however

B.therefore

C.moreover

D.meanwhile

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子前后逻辑关系。句意：我错过了上一趟飞机，因此我决定整晚待在机场。选项B符合题意。

19.单选题

Overthepastdecade,Americancompanieshavetriedhardtofindwaystodiscourageseniormanagersfromfeatheringtheirownnestsattheexpenseoftheirshareholder.Thethreemostpopularreformshavebeenrecruitingmoreoutsidedirectorsinordertomakeboardsmoreindependent,linkingbosses’paytovariousperformancemeasures,andgivingbossesshareoptionssothattheyhavethesamelong-terminterestsastheirshareholders.

ThesereformshavebeenwidelyadoptedbyAmerica’slargercompanies,andsurveyssuggestthatmanymorecompaniesarethinkingoffollowingtheir,lead.Buthavetheydoneanygood?ThreepaperspresentedattheannualmeetingoftheAcademyofManagementinBostonthisweeksuggestnot.Asisusuallythecasewithboardroomtinkering,theconsequenceshavedifferedfromthoseintended.

Startwiththoseindependentboards.Onthefaceofit,dismissingtheboss’sfriendsfromtheboardandreplacingthemwithoutsiderslooksaperfectwaytomakeseniormanagersmoreaccountable.ButthatisnottheconclusionofastudybyProfessorJamesWestphal.Instead,hefoundthatbosseswithaboardroomfullofoutsidersspendmuchoftheirtimebuildingalliances,doingpersonalfavorsandgenerallypleasingtheoutsiders.

Alltoooften,theseseductionssucceed.Mr.Westphalfoundthat,toaremarkabledegree,“independent”boardspursuestrategiesthat