考研考博-英语-北京劳动保障职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京劳动保障职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

IwantedtobuyacolourTVsetthisyear,butmybrotherrejectedtheidea（

）atriptothebeach.

问题1选项

A.insteadof

B.inviewof

C.infavourof

D.incaseof

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。insteadof“代替；而不是······”；inviewof“鉴于；考虑到”；infavourof“支持；赞成”;incaseof“万一；如果发生；假设”。句意：虽然我今年想要购买一台彩电，但是我的弟弟想去海滩所以拒绝了我的这个想法。选项C符合题意。

2.单选题

Theguiltyverdictwaswidelyexpected,althoughharsherthanmanyhadpredicted.

问题1选项

A.jury

B.crime

C.convict

D.judgment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。verdict表示“结论，裁定”。A项jury“陪审团”，B项crime“罪行”，C项convict“罪犯”，D项judgment“意见，判断力”；句意：有罪判决是普遍预期的，尽管比许多人预期的要严厉。根据句意该题选D。

3.单选题

Eyecontactisimportantbecausewrongcontactmaycreateacommunication（）.

问题1选项

A.tragedy

B.vacuum

C.question

D.barrier 

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。tragedy“悲剧，惨案”；vacuum“真空，空间”；question“问题，疑问”；barrier“障碍”。句意：眼神交流是很重要的，因为错误的交流会导致交流障碍。D项符合题意。

4.单选题

Tomdoesn’tthinkthatthe（）situationhereisasgoodashishometown’s.

问题1选项

A.economics

B.economic

C.economy

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】economics经济学；economic经济上的，经济学的；economy经济，节约；economical经济的，节约的。

根据句意可知，填空处应填入形容词，首先排除选项A和C；选项B符合句意。

5.单选题

Electronictrash,knownase-waste,ispilingupfasterthaneverinAmericanhomesandbusinesses.Peopledonotknowwhattodowitholdtelevisionsorcomputerssotheythrowtheminthetrash.

NationalSolidWastesManagementAssociationstateprogramsdirectorChazMillersaysthelargeamountofelectronicwasteAmericansgenerateisnotunexpected.“Wehavesomanyelectronicproductsthat“weuse”,saidMiller.“Theyarebeingfarmorewidelydistributedthroughoutthepopulationofthecountryandtheytendtohaverelativelyshortlifespans.Cellphonesthatlasttwoorthreeyears,computersthatlastmaybetwoorthreeyearsbeforetheygetreplaced.”

TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)estimatesmorethan400millionconsumerelectronicitemsaredumpedeachyear,andthereisapushbymorestatestobanthewastefromgarbagedumpsandcreaterecyclingprograms.

Forexample,asquicklyasoldelectronicsarriveatarecyclingfacilityinBaltimore,Maryland,theyaretornapartandsortedforusableparts.PlantmanagerMikeFannonsayse-wastehereisresoldtoothercompaniesthatfurtherbreakdownthecomponentsthatarevaluable.“Therearealotofvaluablemetalsthatcanberecoveredandreusedasopposedtojustputtingtheminthegarbagedump,andincertaincomponentstherearesomematerialsthatshouldnotreallybedumpedinthegarbagedump,Fannonexplained.Nearly20percentofelectronicwasteisrecyclednationwide.Goingback1.3years,itwasonlyaboutsixpercent.Recyclingratescontinuetoriseasmorecommunitieshavebannedelectronicsfromgarbagedumpsinanefforttokeepe-wastetoxins(毒素，毒质)，likeleadandmercuryoutofgarbagedumps.Manyplaceshavesetupfreedrop-offsiteswherepeoplecanbringolditemsforrecycling.FannonsayssomeitemslikeoldelectroniccircuitboardswillgetshippedtoCanada,while,otherpartswillbeshippedtocountriesinAsia.“Thesewillgooffactuallytoacoppersmelterwhereworkerswillrecovercopperwithinthecircuitboardaswellaspreciousmetalsthatareontheboard’’,addedFannon.“Thereisgoldplatingonalotofthematerial.Thereissilver.Soallthosepreciousmetalsarerecoveredinadditiontothecopper.’’

ThisyearseveralstateslikeVermontimposedabanonelectronicwasteingarbagedumps.Morecanbedonetoboostelectronicwasterecycling.

WastemanagementanalystssayU.S.facilitiescansafelyrecycleitems.Environmentalistsmaintaintheycanreducetheamountofelectronicwasteingarbagedumpsnowbyraisingconsumerawarenessaboutthebestwaystorecyclee-waste.

1.WhyistheresomuchelectronicwasteinAmerica?

2.AccordingtoEPA,whathelpstoreducethedumpede-waste?

3.WhatistherightwaytorecycletheoldelectronicsaccordingtoFannon?

4.AccordingtoFannon,whatpreciousmetalcanpeoplegetfromusedcircuitboard?

5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.Becauseithasnovaluetoberecycled

B.BecauseAmericansdon'tknowhowtorecycleit.

C.BecauseAmericansloveelectronicitemsmorethanothersdo

D.Becauseelectronicitemsarewidelyusedandfallintodisuseeasily

问题2选项

A.Thebanofe-wastefromgarbagedumps

B.ArecyclingfacilityinBaltimore.

C.Theshipmentofe-wastetoothercountries.

D.Anadvancedtechnologytomakee-products

问题3选项

A.Dumpthemintothegarbagedump

B.Tearthemapartathomeforvaluablematerials.

C.Leavetheminfreedrop-offsitesforrecycling

D.Burythemundergrounddirectly

问题4选项

A.Iron

B.Mercury

C.Gold

D.Lead

问题5选项

A.Peopleshouldtrytouseaslesselectronicproductsaspossible

B.Peoplecandealwiththeelectronicwasteinasafeway

C.Thegovernmentcandonearlynothinginfrontoftheelectronicwaste

D.Peoplearehelplessinfrontofelectronicwaste

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据原文第二段的内容可知，美国人产生的大量电子垃圾并不出人意料。我们有很多电子产品在使用，它们在全国人口中分布得更为广泛，而且电子产品的寿命往往相对较短。由此可推测，之所以有这么多电子垃圾，是因为电子产品被广泛使用，而且容易废弃。选项D符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据关键词“EPA”定位到第三段“TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)estimatesmorethan400millionconsumerelectronicitemsaredumpedeachyear,andthereisapushbymorestatestobanthewastefromgarbagedumpsandcreaterecyclingprograms.美国环境保护局估计，美国每年有4亿多件消费电子产品被倾倒，越来越多的州正在推动禁止倾倒垃圾，并建立回收项目。”由此可知，帮助减少电子垃圾倾倒是因为各州推行的禁止倾倒垃圾，选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据关键词“Fannon”定位到第四段第二句“PlantmanagerMikeFannonsayse-wastehereisresoldtoothercompaniesthatfurtherbreakdownthecomponentsthatarevaluable.工厂经理MikeFannon说，这里的电子垃圾被转售给其他公司，进一步拆分出有价值的组件。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据第四段最后一句“‘Thereisgoldplatingonalotofthematerial.Thereissilver.Soallthosepreciousmetalsarerecoveredinadditiontothecopper.’‘很多材料上都镀了金，以及银。所以除了铜以外，所有这些贵重金属都能被重新找到。’”。所以选项C正确。

5.判断推理题。根据最后一段的内容“废物管理分析人士说，美国的设施可以安全地回收物品。环保人士坚持认为，通过提高消费者对电子垃圾回收的最佳方式的认识，可以减少垃圾填埋场中电子垃圾的数量。”由此可以推断，人们可以用一种安全的方式处理电子垃圾。选项B符合原文。

6.单选题

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy’shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehatsforexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarII,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshortertheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy”lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofthetopfashionhouses.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater;anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou'llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!

1.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare______.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto______.

3.Causesoffashionsare_______.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes______.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearance

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

问题2选项

A.confidenceinlife

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.individualhairstyle

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

问题3选项

A.uniform

B.varied

C.unknown

D.inexplicable

问题4选项

A.uniformity

B.formality

C.informality

D.individuality

问题5选项

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations.

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations.

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations.

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.（我们中很少有人满足于接受自己的现状，也很少有人敢忽视时尚潮流）可知C选项“很难忽视时尚”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment（我们将能够充满信心地认识新的人，并且能够自信地、毫不尴尬地处理每一件事）可知时尚杂志和电视广告将时尚与人的自信联系在一起，因此选A。

3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.（有时是方便或实际需要，或仅仅是一个有影响力的人的幻想就能建立起一种时尚）可知导致时尚变化的原因是多变的，因此选B。

4.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.（不再需要像其他人那样穿衣服了。在合理的范围内，你可以穿自己喜欢的衣服，也可以用你喜欢的方式做头发，而不是你应该做的样子，因为这是时尚）可知当今社会更尊重个人选择，强调个性化，因此选D。

5.主旨大意题。由文章最后一段中的第一句Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.（同时，外表在某些情况下仍然很重要，所以我们必须谨慎地选择我们的衣服）可知A选项“在正式场合下需要注意外貌形象”符合题意。

7.单选题

Peopletendtobemoreimpressedbyevidencethatseemstoconfirmsomerelationship.Thusmanyareconvincedtheirdreamsarepropheticbecauseafewhavecometrue;theyneglectorfailtonoticethemanythathavenot.

Consideralsothebeliefthat“thephonealwaysringswhenI’mintheshower.”Ifitdoesringwhileyouareintheshower,theeventwillstandoutandberemembered.Ifitdoesn’tring,thatnoneventprobablywon’tevenregister(留下印象).

Peoplewanttoseeorder,patternandmeaningintheworld.Consider,forexample,thecommonbeliefthatthingslikepersonalmisfortunes,planecrashes,anddeaths“happeninthrees.”Suchbeliefsstemfromthetendencyofpeopletoallowthethirdeventtodefinethetimeperiod.Ifthreeplanecrashesoccurinamonth,thentheperiodoftimethatcountsastheir“happeningtogether”isonemonth;ifthreecrashesoccurinayear,theperiodoftimeisstretched.Flexibleendpointsreinforcesuchbeliefs.

Wealsotendtobelievewhatwewanttobelieve.Amajorityofpeoplethinktheyaremoreintelligent,morefair-mindedandmoreskilledbehindthewheelofanautomobilethantheaverageperson.Partofthereasonweviewourselvessofavorablyisthatweusecriteriathatworktoouradvantage.AseconomistThomasSchillingexplains,“Everybodyrankshimselfhighinqualitieshevalues:carefuldriversgiveweighttocare,skilleddriversgiveweighttoskill,andthosewhoarepolitegiveweighttocourtesy.”Thiswayeveryonerankshighonhisownscale.

Perhapsthemostimportantmentalhabitwecanlearnistobecautiousindrawingconclusions.The“evidence”ofeverydaylifeissometimesmisleading.

1.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorstatesthat______.

2.By“thingslike…”“happeninthrees”,theauthorindicatesthatpeoplebelieve______.

3.Theword“courtesy”probablymeans______.

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.

问题1选项

A.dreamscannotbesaidtobepropheticeventhoughafewhavecometrue

B.dreamsarepropheticbecausesomeofthemdidcometrue

C.dreamsmaycometrueifclearlyremembered

D.dreamsandrealityarecloselyrelated

问题2选项

A.personalmisfortunestendtohappeneverynowandthen

B.personalmisfortunes,planecrashes,anddeathsusuallyhappentogether

C.misfortunestendtooccuraccordingtocertainpatterns

D.misfortuneswillneveroccurmorethanthreetimestoapersoninhislifetime

问题3选项

A.goodmanner

B.appropriatespeech

C.friendlyrelations

D.satisfactoryservice

问题4选项

A.Happeningsthatgounnoticeddeservemoreattention.

B.Inaseriesofmisfortunesthethirdoneisusuallythemostserious.

C.Peopletendtomakeuseofevidencethatsupportstheirownbeliefs.

D.Believersofmisfortuneshappeningthethreesarecautiousininterpretingevents.

问题5选项

A.thereissometrutheveninthewidestdreams

B.oneshouldtakenoticeofotherpeople’smerits

C.thereisnoorderorpatterninworldevents

D.weshouldnotbaseourconclusionsonaccidentalevidence

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Thusmanyareconvincedtheirdreamsarepropheticbecauseafewhavecometrue;theyneglectorfailtonoticethemanythathavenot.（因此，许多人相信他们的梦是预言，因为少数人已经实现了；他们忽视或没有注意到许多没有实现的。），说明作者认为不应该以个别应验的梦境得出梦具有预言性这一推断，毕竟大多数的梦都是不会实现的。因此A选项“即使有几个梦成真了也不能说梦有预言性”正确。B选项“梦是预言性的，因为其中有些梦成真了”，C选项“如果清楚地记住了，梦就会成真”，D选项“梦和现实是密切相关的”均不符合原文内容，所以B,C,D错误。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一、三句Peoplewanttoseeorder,patternandmeaningintheworld.Suchbeliefsstemfromthetendencyofpeopletoallowthethirdeventtodefinethetimeperiod.（人们希望看到世界的秩序、模式和意义。这种信念源于人们倾向于让第三个事件来定义时间周期。），说明人们总是希望从复杂的事件中找出某种规律，从而印证人们头脑中早已形成的某种判断。因此C选项“不幸往往按照一定的模式发生”正确。A选项“个人的不幸往往每隔一段时间就会发生”，B选项“个人的不幸、飞机失事和死亡通常一起发生”，D选项“一个人一生中发生的不幸不会超过三次”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,D错误。

3.语义推测题。由题干关键词“courtesy”可以定位到文章第六段第四句Everybodyrankshimselfhighinqualitieshevalues:carefuldriversgiveweighttocare,skilleddriversgiveweighttoskill,andthosewhoarepolitegiveweighttocourtesy.（每个人都把自己看重的品质看得很高：谨慎的司机重视小心，熟练的司机重视技术，礼貌的司机重视礼貌。），说明“courtesy”在文中是指“礼貌”的意思。因此A选项“良好的礼貌”正确。B选项“适当的言语”，C选项“友好的关系”，D选项“令人满意的服务”均不符合题意，所以B,C,D错误。

4.主旨大意题。由全文可知，作者希望人们更加关注那些不为大家所关注的，不符人们总结出的“规律”的事件，来避免从个别事实中得出不严密的结论的做法。因此A选项“不被注意的事情值得更多关注”最能概括文章主旨。B选项“在一系列的不幸中，第三件通常是最严重的”在文中没有提及，所以B错误。C选项“人们倾向于利用支持自己信念的证据”只是文章的一个方面，不能完整概括文章主旨，所以C错误。D选项“相信不幸发生三次的人在解释事件时是谨慎的”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段Perhapsthemostimportantmentalhabitwecanlearnistobecautiousindrawingconclusions.The“evidence”ofeverydaylifeissometimesmisleading.（也许我们能学到的最重要的心理习惯是在得出结论时谨慎。日常生活的“证据”有时会引起误解。），说明不应该以随机证据为基础得出结论，因为它们有误导性。因此D选项“不应该把我们的结论建立在偶然的证据上”正确。A选项“即使在最宽泛的梦中也有一些真相”，B选项“人应该注意到别人的优点”，C选项“世界上的事件没有秩序和模式”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,C错误。

8.单选题

Somepeoplethinkthata（

）translation,orword-for-wordtranslation,iseasierthanafreetranslation.

问题1选项

A.literal

B.literary

C.liberal

D.linear

【答案】A

【解析】句意:一些人认为直译法，或逐字翻译比意译更容易。

考查形近词辨析。Literal文字的，逐字逐句的;literary文学的,书面的;liberal自由主义的，慷慨的;linear线型的，直线的，线状的。根据关键词easierthanafreetranslation(比意译更容易)可知这里是将直译与其作对比,故选A。

9.单选题

Themagicianpickedseveralpersons（）fromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelphimwiththeperformance.

问题1选项

A.byaccident

B.atrandom

C.onoccasion

D.onaverage

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组。A:byaccident“偶然”；B:atrandom“随机”；C:onoccasion“有时；间或”；D:onaverage“平均起来”。句意：魔术师从观众中胡乱挑选了几个人，请他们帮助他进行表演。根据语境和句意，B最合适。

10.单选题

Thepolicebelievethatthethiefisstillonthe（）.

问题1选项

A.premises

B.diversity

C.emission

D.engagement

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。premises“处所”；diversity“多样性”；emission“散发”；engagement“订婚”。句意：警察相信，这个小偷仍在他的住所。选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Histalkwasgenerallywellreceived,butasforthestatisticshe（

）,Idon'tthinkallofthemwereup-to-date.

问题1选项

A.referredto

B.relatedto

C.adjustedto

D.appealedto

【答案】A

【解析】referto谈到，提及；relateto涉及，有关；adjustto调节，调整以适应；appealto呼吁，上诉。句意：他的演讲受到了普遍的欢迎，但关于他提及的统计数字，我不认为所有的数据都是最新的。选项A符合句意。

12.单选题

ProfessorSmithandProfessorBrownwill（）ingivingtheclasslectures.

问题1选项

A.exchange

B.alter

C.shift

D.alternate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项exchange“交换；交易；兑换”；B选项alter“改变；变更”；C选项shift“转移；改变；替换”；D选项alternate“交替；轮流”。句意：史密斯教授和布朗教授将轮流给这个班级讲课。根据句中“givingtheclasslectures给这个班级讲课”可知“轮流”符合语境，因此D选项正确。

13.单选题

Webeganwithanexperiment.Themanaskedmetomakeadrawingonablankpieceofpaper.ImadeasketchofacreatureIhadinventedsometimeagotoamusemychildren.WhenIhadfinished,heaskedmetocoverthedrawingwithmyhand.ThenheaskedmetoconcentratehardandtotrytotransmitthethoughtofwhatIhadsketchedAminutewentbywithnoresult.Heshookhishead,"itseemsverycomplicated:isitakindofamoeba?"Slowlyandhesitantlyhebegantodrawthecreature’srightear-thespotwhereI’vealwaysbeginthedrawing.“you’vegotit.”Isaid."Goon!"Hecompletedthedrawingquickly.IhadcarefullyredrawnthepictureinmymindasItriedtotransmitit—whichprobablyaccountsfortheidenticalstartingpoint.

Themanthendemonstratedotherpower.Hemadethehandsofmywatchturnbacktwohoursandthedategoforwardtwodaysbystrokingacoinplacedoveritsface,explainingafterwardthathederivespowerfrommetal.Hehadalittletroubletryingtobreakmycarkey.However,heplaceditagainstametalradiator,andafterafewseconds,said,46Itisstartingtogo.Thekeysnappedintwo.

Thenhetriedtotransmitapicturetomebytelepathy.Iattemptedtomakemymindreceptive,butnoimagecameintoit.Feelingratherembarrassed,Ijustdrewthefirstthingthatcameintomyhead:checkmark.Themanshowedmethepieceofpaperhewasholding.ItcontainedamirrorimageofthesymbolIhaddrawn.Itcouldbesignificantinthisconnectionthatthemanisleft-handed.

AfterIlefttheroom,Ibegantosiftmyimpressions.Onlythedaybefore,anacquaintancehadwarnedmetowatchcarefullyforsleight-of-handtricks,especiallyasthemanhadearlierbeenastageconjuror.Ihadtoadmitthatmostofthethingshaddonecouldhavebeentricks.Forinstance,snappingthekeyswithhisfingersandalteringthehandsanddateonmywatchwiththewinderwouldhavebeenwellwithintheabilityofaskilledconjuror.ButhowcouldhehavefakedthedrawingofwhatIhaddrawn?Andifthatfeatwasduetogenuinetelepathicpower,theotherdemonstrationscouldalsobegenuine.

1.Inline11,“derives”mostnearlymeans（

）.

2.Itbeinferredfromline19-25thatthetelepathist’sdemonstrationswouldappearmostconvincingtoacriticalobserverifthetelepathistwereto

（

）.

3.The“acquaintance”mentionedinline19canbestbedescribedasa

（

）.

4.Whichphrasebestcharacterizestheauthor’sgeneralattitudeinthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Obtains

B.infers

C.connects

D.traces

问题2选项

A.providemoreinformationabouthisbackground

B.critiquetheperformancesofothertelepathist

C.performinarigorouslycontrolledenvironment

D.talkaboutwhatheisdoingasheperforms

问题3选项

A.skeptic

B.hypocrite

C.hoaxer

D.confidant

问题4选项

A.Completeindifferent

B.righteousindignation

C.Cynicalamusement

D.guardedacceptance

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.题干中的单词出现在第二段第二句Hemadethehandsofmywatchturnbacktwohoursandthedategoforwardtwodaysbystrokingacoinplacedoveritsface,explainingafterwardthathederivespowerfrommetal（通过抚摸放在脸上的硬币，他把我的手表指针调慢了两个小时，日期也调回到了两天前，他解释说这是为了从金属那里……力量）。可以推测“他解释这种力量是从金属那里得到的”，derive在这里是“获得，得到”的意思。选项A符合题意。

2.文章最后一段提到作者对于心灵感应者其他一些手段他能够识破，比如snappingthekeyswithhisfingersandalteringthehandsanddateonmywatchwiththewinderwouldhavebeenwellwithintheabilityofaskilledconjuror，但是作者对如何伪造画这一过程不明白，因为这是他重构的画（buthowcouldhehavefakedthedrawingofwhatIhaddrawn?），这件事也是作者正在做的一件事。因此可以推测，如果当表演的时候，谈论的是正在做的事情，那么心灵感应者的表演会更有说服力。选项D符合题意。

3.题干中的单词出现在文章最后一段第二句话Onlythedaybefore,anacquaintancehadwarnedmetowatchcarefullyforsleight-of-handtricks,especiallyasthemanhadearlierbeenastageconjuror（就在前两天，我的一个……还警告我要小心戏法，特别是当那个人以前是个舞台魔术师的时候。）警告者要作者当心舞台上的一些小把戏，证明他对魔术师的花招比较了解。选项A符合题意，这个警告者是一个怀疑者。

4.作者在最后一段提到他承认很多舞台上的表演其实是戏法，但是作者对如何伪造画这一过程不明白，因为这是他重构的画（buthowcouldhehavefakedthedrawingofwhatIhaddrawn?）。证明作者对有些部分还是有疑问的。所以选项D“有保留的接受”符合题意。

14.单选题

Letusbeginwithtwovignettes.

问题1选项

A.slogans

B.maxims

C.caveats

D.sketches

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.slogans口号B.maxims格言；箴言

C.caveats警告；告诫D.sketches幽默短剧，小品；素描

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】vignette是表示“人物特征、局势等的简介；（表演）小品”，四个选项中只有D项词义与之相近，故该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】让我们从两个小品开始。

15.单选题

（）bothsidesaccepttheagreement（）alastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.

问题1选项

A.Onlyif,will

B.Ifonly,would

C.Should,will

D.Unless,would

【答案】A

【解析】语法题——onlyif的用法。当onlyif位于句首时，其主句的谓语动词要部分倒装，根据四个选项，其谓语动词都提前了，而只有onlyif在句首，才部分倒装。句意：只有双方都接受这项协议，才能在这个地区建立持久的和平。因此A选项正确。

16.单选题

Effectivepreventionagainstphysicalharmshasneverbeen________urgentlyneeded,especiallyinschools.

问题1选项

A.more

B.as

C.such

D.quite

【答案】A

【解析】考查比较用法。句意：有效预防人身伤害从来没有（）迫切需要，特别是在学校。A选项more是比较副词，当一个句子没有出现对比对象时，可以用比较级来表示最高级。B选项as作副词的词义为“和……一样”，放入句中不符合逻辑；C选项such“如此的”后面一般接名词，这个地方如果想表达“如此的”意思时应该用so；D选项quite是程度副词“十分”，把D选项代入到句子中，整个句子将不符合逻辑，有效预防人身伤害从来没有十分迫切需要。因此答案选A。

17.单选题

Thetrainfromthecapitalwasderailedlastnightinthemountainarea,butfortunatelytherewereno（）,policesaid.

问题1选项

A.catastrophes

B.cataracts

C.casualties

D.caprices

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。catastrophe“大灾难”；cataract“大瀑布，洪水”；casualty“伤亡人员”；caprice“任性，反复无常；随想曲”。句意：昨晚，从首都出发的火车在山区脱离轨道，庆幸的是没有人员伤亡。选项C符合题意。

18.单选题

Heisayoungand（）coachwhoispreparedtoleadhisteamtowinthechampionshipinhisfirstseason.

问题1选项

A.realistic

B.humorous

C.ambitious

D.intimate

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项realistic“现实的；现实主义的；逼真的；实在论的”；B选项humorous“诙谐的，幽默的；滑稽的，可笑的”；C选项ambitious“野心勃勃的；有雄心的；热望的”；D选项intimate“亲密的；私人的；精通的”。句意：他是一个年轻而有（）的教练，他准备在他的第一个赛季带领他的球队赢得冠军。因此C选项正确。

19.单选题

Itiswellknownthatwhenanindividualjoinsagrouphetendstoacceptthegroup’sstandardsofbehaviorandthinking.Heisexpectedtobehaveinaccordancewiththesenormsinotherwords,thegroupexpectshimtoconform.Manyillustrationscouldbegivenofthisfromeverydaylife,butwhatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.

Inatypicalexperiment,theexperimenterasksforvolunteerstojoinagroupthatisinvestigatingvisualperception.Thevictimsarenot,therefore,awareoftherealpurposeoftheexperiment.Eachvolunteeristakentoaroomwherehefindsagroupofaboutsevenpeoplewhoarecollaboratingwiththeexperimenter.Thegroupisshownastandardcardwhichcontainsasingleline.Theyarethenaskedtolookatasecondcard.Thishasthreelinesonit.Oneisobviouslylongerthanthelineonthefirstcard,oneisshorterandonethesamelength.Theyhavetosaywhichlineonthesecondcardisthesamelengthasthelineonthestandardcard.Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.Thevolunteerseesthattheothermembersofthegroupunanimouslychoosealinewhichisobviouslynotthesamelengthastheoneonthestandardcard.

Whenitishisturntoanswerheisfacedwiththeunanimousopinionofthegroup—alltheothershavechosenlineAbuthequiteclearlyseeslineBascorrect.Whatwillhedo?AccordingtoAsch,morethanhalfofthevictimschosenwillchangetheiropinion.Whatisequallysurprisingisthat,wheninterviewedabouttheiranswers,mostexplainedthattheyknewthegroupchoicewasincorrectbutthattheyyieldedtothepressureofthegroupbecausetheythoughttheymustbesufferingfromanopticalillusion.

1.Psychologistsareinterestedin（

）.

2.Intheexperiment,whohavebeentoldtopickthewrongline?

3.Inwhatcircumstancesdomostpeopleyieldtopressure?

4.Theexperimentsdemonstratethat（

）.

5.Thebesttitleofthispassagewouldbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.howfargrouppressurecaninfluencepeople’sjudgments

B.howtomakejudgmentsaccordingtoeverydayexperience

C.howtochangepeople’sjudgments

D.thegroup’sstandardsofsocialbehavior

问题2选项

A.Thevictims.

B.Thevolunteer.

C.Theexperimenter.

D.Theothermembers.

问题3选项

A.Whenthegroupisseparated.

B.Whenthegroupisunanimous.

C.Whentheyknowtheyarethevictims.

D.Whentheyareforcedtoanswerquestions.

问题4选项

A.nearlyeveryindividualwillbehavedifferentlyfromothers

B.grouppressureiscausedbytheinterferenceofthepsychologists.

C.psychologistswishtochangethepeople’sjudgmentsandopinions.

D.peoplewillchangetheirideasundergrouppressure.

问题5选项

A.ATypicalExperiment

B.AreWeAfraidtobeDifferent

C.TheGroup’sStandardsofBehaviorandThinking

D.DoseanIndividualNeedtoFollowaGroup’sStandards

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“whatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”心理学家特别感兴趣的是，团体的压力究竟会在多大程度上改变人们的判断和观点。选项A符合原文。

2.事实细节题。根据关键词“wrongline”定位到第二段倒数第二句“Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.”小组的其他成员先回答，但志愿者不知道的是，他们被告知要选错一条线。这里的“they”指的是上句提到的“Theothermembersofthegroup”，所以选项D正确。

3.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，这个实验中超过一半的被选中的受害者会改变他们的观点。大多数人解释说，他们知道小组的选择是错误的，但他们最终屈服于小组的压力，因为小组的选择是全体一致的。所以选项B正确。

4.推理判断题。结合全文内容可知，这个实验实际上是想证明第一段提出的观点“theextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”团体的压力究竟会在多大程度上改变人们的判断和观点。最后得出结论，大多数会在团体压力下改变他们的想法。所以选项D符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。文章在第一段提出观点“当一个人加入一个群体时，他往往会接受这个群体的行为和思维标准”，后面通过实验来证明这个观点。选项A和C表述太笼统，相对于选项D，选项B“我们害怕与众不同吗?”这个标题更好。

20.单选题

Itis______whodecideswhethertheaccusedisinnocentorguilty.

问题1选项

A.thejuryandonlyjury

B.thejuryandonlythejury

C.onlythejuryandjury

D.thejuryandtheonlyjury

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。原句是一个强调句，意思是“陪审团，也只有陪审团才能决定被起诉的人是否有罪。”此处，“陪审团