考研考博-英语-北京城市学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京城市学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thiskindofmaterialcan（

）heatandmoisture.

问题1选项

A.delete

B.repel

C.compel

D.constrain

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项delete“删除”；B选项repel“抗拒，抵御”；C选项compel“强迫，迫使”；D选项constrain“强迫，限制，约束”。根据宾语heatandmoisture（热和潮湿）可知B选项符合逻辑。句意：这种材料能抵御热和潮湿。

2.单选题

Peopletendtoignorethedelayedeffectsof（

）tochemicalsbecausethedangerdoesn'tbecomeapparentimmediately.

问题1选项

A.exposure

B.exploit

C.explosion

D.exponent

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。exposure“暴露”；exploit“功绩”；explosion“爆炸”；exponent“倡导者，鼓吹者”。句意：人们倾向于忽视接触化学物质的迟延效应，因为这些危害不会立刻表现出来。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

Belyinghisearlierreputationfor（

）asanegotiator,Morganhadrecentlyassumedamore（

）stanceforwhichmanyofhiserstwhilecriticspraisedhim.

问题1选项

A.inflexibility...unreasonable

B.impropriety...oscillatory

C.intransigence...tolerant

D.success...authoritative

【答案】C

【解析】名词和形容词辨析题。A选项inflexibility“僵化”；unreasonable“不合理的”；B选项impropriety“不适当，不正确”;oscillatory“振荡的”；C选项intransigence“顽固”；tolerant“宽容的”；D选项success“成功”；authoritative“权威”。根据句意‘因为近期采取的更加宽容的态度掩饰了他之前作为顽固的谈判专家的名声，使得之前批评的人转而开始赞扬他了。’C选项正确。

4.单选题

Thepeopleofthiscountryhaveentrenchedthemselvesto（）anyinvaderswhorefusetogiveuptheirevilintention.

问题1选项

A.wardoff

B.cutoff

C.workoff

D.layoff

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组词义辨析。A:wardoff“避开，挡住”；B:cutoff“切断；中断；使死亡；剥夺继承权”；C:workoff“售出；清理，排除；渐渐地清除；冒充”；D:layoff“解雇；休息；停止工作”。句意：这个国家的人们已经致力于消灭任何拒绝放弃邪恶意图的侵略者了。根据句意可知C为正确答案。

5.单选题

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristics,andthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.However,thereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieu'sviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopmenttheydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrangeshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoonfromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadrycontinentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulations.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationhadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thus,aftertheendoftheglaciationtherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibet,theremainingnativefaunaandfloramultiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing“striking”intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan“tea”isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcold,andpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimes,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandroussocietiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplands,whichpermittednoexperimentationand“froze”thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityinasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvival.

1.WhatwasthesignificanceofthefactthatthePleistoceneglaciationdidnotwipeoutlifeentirelyinthearea?

2.WhichofthefollowingmostlikelybestdescribesTibetan“tea”？

3.Theauthor'sknowledgeofTibetisprobably（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage:whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationcanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

问题1选项

A.Withoutlife,mancouldnotflourisheither.

B.Thedryingoutwastoosuddenformostplantstoadapttotheclimate.

C.Iftheregionhadbeendevoidoflife,someoftheotherspeciesfromnearby,aridareasmightpossiblyhavetakenoverthearea.

D.ThevarietyofTibetanlifewasdecreased.

问题2选项

A.agreentinteddrinksimilartoChinesebasket-friedgreentea

B.anutritiousmixtureoftealeavesandrancidyakbutter

C.adarkbrownteadrink,carefullystrained

D.ahighcaffeinedrink

问题3选项

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultofLifelongstudy

C.limitedtogeologicalhistory

D.derivedonlyfrombooks

问题4选项

A.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

B.Someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Europeanculturesareliberatedtosomedegreefromdeterminism.

问题5选项

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent

D.arefoundinalandmassthatusedtobeaseparatecontinent

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。定位到第三段：“WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulations.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationhadafurtherthinningeffect.随着喜马拉雅山脉的形成和该地区相对突然的干旱，动物和植物的数量急剧减少。随后发生的不完全更新世冰川作用使冰川进一步变薄。”可知D项“藏族生活的多样性减少”正确。

2.判断推理题。由第三段：Tibetan“tea”isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.藏茶是主要的食品，可以替代难以吃到的蔬菜。由此可以推知：藏茶是主食之一，由于蔬菜品种很少，所以用藏茶来补充因蔬菜摄入不足所缺乏的营养。B项“茶叶与发酵牦牛酥的营养混合物”；A项“—种绿茶，类似于汉族的篮炒绿茶”。C项“经过细致过滤的深棕色茶品”。D项含高咖啡因的饮品。既然是要补充蔬菜摄入不足导致的营养缺乏，自然要用有营养的物质来替代。故B项正确。

3.判断推理题。本文中没有涉及作者的研究和经历，第三段引用了Armand的描述，第四段中讲到了Lattimore和Kawakita的看法。A项“基于第一手经验”；B项“终身学习的结果”；C项“限于地质历史”；D项“仅从书本中获得”故D项正确。

4.细节事实题。由“However,thereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieu'sviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopmenttheydonotdetermineit.但是，并没有打算采用孟德斯鸠关于气候和土壤是文化决定因素的观点。一个区域的生态只造成该区域居民所面临的一些问题，虽然一种文化所面临的问题对其发展很重要，但这些问题并没有决定它的发展。”可知C项“Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.同一地区的文化，共享土壤和气候，本质上是相同的。”正好与孟德斯鸠的观点相符。

5.细节事实题。由第三段中：“Thus,aftertheendoftheglaciationtherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.因此，在冰期结束后，现存的来自原始大陆物种的生命种类只有几个。”可知A项“原产于大陆气候”正确。

6.单选题

Fordecades,arms-controltalkscenteredonnuclearweapons.Thisishardlysurprising,sinceasinglenuclearbombcandestroyanentirecity.Yet,unlikesmallerarms,theseimmenselypowerfulweaponshavenotbeenusedinwarinover50years.

HistorianJohnKeeganwrites:“Nuclearweaponshave,sinceAugust9,1945,killednoone.The50,000,000whohavediedinwarsincethatdatehaveforthemostpart,beenkilledbycheap,mass-producedweaponsandsmallammunition,costinglittlemorethanthetransistorradioswhichhavefloodedtheworldinthesameperiod.Becausesmallweaponshavedisruptedlifeverylittleintheadvancedworld,outsidetherestrictedlocalitieswheredrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorismflourish,thepopulationsoftherichstateshavebeenslowtorecognizethehorrorthatthispollutionhasbroughtinitstrain.

Whyhavesmallarmsbecometheweaponsofchoiceinrecentwars?Partofthereasonliesintherelationshipbetweenconflictandpoverty.Mostofthewarsfoughtduringthe1990stookplaceincountriesthatarepoor—toopoortobuysophisticatedweaponsystems.Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain.Forexample,50milliondollars,whichisapproximatelythecostofasinglemodernjetfighter,canequipanarmywith200,000assaultrifles.

Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.Asinglerapid-fireassaultriflecanfirehundredsofroundsaminute.Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.Achildoftencanbetaughttostripandreassembleatypicalassaultrifle.Achildcanalsoquicklylearntoaimandfirethatrifleintoacrowdofpeople.

Theglobaltrafficingunsiscomplex.Theillegaltradeofsmallarmsisbig.InsomeAfricanwars,paramilitarygroupshaveboughtbillionsofdollars’worthofsmallarmsandlightweapons,notwithmoney,butwithdiamondsseizedfromdiamond-miningareas.

Weaponsarealsolinkedtotheillegaltradeindrugs.Itisnotunusualforcriminalorganizationstousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionandtosmugglegunsintheother.

1.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

2.Theadvancedworldneglecttheproblemsofsmallarmsbecause______.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthereasonfortheprevalenceofsmallarms?

4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis______.

问题1选项

A.thenucleararms-controltalkscanneverreachanagreement

B.smallarms-controlismoreimportantthannucleararms-control

C.thepowerofnuclearweaponstokillpeoplehasbeendiminished

D.nuclearweaponswerethetopicofarms-controltalks50yearsago

问题2选项

A.theyhavetodealwithdrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorism

B.theyhavenosuchproblemsasarecausedbysmallweapons

C.theyfaceothermoreimportantproblemssuchaspollution

D.theyhavenotrecognizedtheseriousnessoftheproblemsintime

问题3选项

A.Smallarmsarecheap.

B.Smallarmsarepowerful.

C.Smallarmsareeasiertouse.

D.Smallarmsareeasiertoget.

问题4选项

A.smallarmsarenotexpensiveintheblack-market

B.itisunfairtoexchangesmallarmsfordiamond

C.criminalsusethesamepassagetosmuggledrugsandsmallarms

D.wheretherearedrugs,therearesmallarms

问题5选项

A.SmallArmsTalks,NotNuclearArmsTalks

B.NeglectofSmallArmsControl

C.GlobalTrafficinSmallArms

D.SmallArms,BigProblems

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Nuclearweaponshave,sinceAugust9,1945,killednoone.The50,000,000whohavediedinwarsincethatdatehaveforthemostpart,beenkilledbycheap,mass-producedweaponsandsmallammunition（自1985年8月9日以来，没有一个人死于核武器。而在这一时期却有5000万人死于廉价的、大规模生产的武器和小型爆炸物），说明小型武器的滥用已经造成了比核武器还严重的后果，应该重视小型武器的控制。因此B选项“小型武器控制比核武器控制更重要”正确。A选项“核武器控制谈判不可能达成协议”，C选项“核武器的杀伤力已经减弱了”，D选项“核武器是50年前军控谈判的主题”在文中均没有提及，所以A,C,D错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Becausesmallweaponshavedisruptedlifeverylittleintheadvancedworld,outsidetherestrictedlocalitieswheredrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorismflourish,thepopulationsoftherichstateshavebeenslowtorecognizethehorrorthatthispollutionhasbroughtinitstrain.（由于小型武器对发达世界的国家影响很小，毒品交易和政治恐怖盛行的地方在他们生活的圈子之外，因此富国的人们很难意识到小型武器泛滥所带来的严重性。），说明先进国家的人们没有及时地意识到小型武器问题的严重性。因此D选项“他们没有及时认识到这些问题的严重性”正确。A选项“他们要处理毒品交易和政治恐怖主义问题”，由原文可知，他们的生活圈子中没有毒品交易和政治恐怖主义，所以A错误。B选项“他们没有由小武器引起的这种问题”，C选项“他们面临其他更重要的问题，如污染”在文中没有提及，所以B,C错误。

3.客观细节题。A选项“小型武器很便宜”，由原文Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain.（小型武器和轻武器很便宜。）可知，A属于小型武器盛行的原因，排除A。B选项“小型武器有威力”，由原文Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.（小型武器如此流行的另一个原因是它们是致命的。）可知，B属于小型武器盛行的原因，排除B。C选项“小武器更容易使用”，由原文Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.（它们也易于使用和维护。）可知，C属于小型武器盛行的原因，排除C。D选项“小型武器更容易得到”在文中没有提及，因此本题选D。

4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Itisnotunusualforcriminalorganizationstousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionandtosmugglegunsintheother.（通常犯罪组织利用同一渠道一个方向走私毒品另一方向走私枪支。），说明犯罪组织利用同一渠道走私毒品和枪支。因此C选项“犯罪分子利用同一渠道走私毒品和小型武器”正确。A选项“小型武器在黑市上并不昂贵”，原文没有说小型武器在黑市上的价格，所以A错误。B选项“用小型武器换钻石是不公平的”，原文只介绍了用钻石购买小型武器的事件，没有评价其是否公平，所以B错误。D选项“有毒品的地方就有小型武器”，原文只提到利用同一渠道走私毒品和小型武器，没有说两者必然同时存在，所以D错误。

5.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章阐述了小型武器给社会带来的极大危害，造成了大量人民生命财产的损失。因此D选项“小武器，大问题”最适合作为文章标题。A选项“小型武器谈判，而不是核军备谈判”，B选项“对小型武器控制的忽视”，C选项“小型武器的全球交易”只是文章的一个方面，不能全面地概括文章的内容，所以A,B,C错误。

7.单选题

Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanygivenculturewill（

）totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.

问题1选项

A.confine

B.conform

C.confront

D.confirm

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。confine“限制；禁闭”；conform“符合；遵守；适应环境（后面一般跟介词to）”；confront“面对；遭遇；比较（为及物动词）”；confirm“确认；证实；批准（及物动词）。句意：特定文化下的绝大部分人会遵守那种文化已建立的标准。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

Thebuildingisagreatsuccess,______atriumph,forthedesigner.

问题1选项

A.namely

B.orrather

C.and

D.particularly

【答案】B

【解析】考查连词辨析。A项namely“也就是，即是”，B项orrather“更精确地说，倒不如说”，C项and“和”，D项particularly“异乎寻常地，特别是”。由success（成功）和triumph（胜利）可知，这两个意思相近，success强调结果，triumph强调过程和动作，所以空格处填入B项更符合句子语境。句意：对于设计者来说，这座建筑是一个巨大的成功，或者更确切地说是一个胜利。因此，该题选择B项。

9.单选题

ApartfromtheMoonandoccasionalcometsandasteroids,Venusisoftenournearestneighbor.ItsorbitbringsitclosertoEarththananyotherplanet—only26millionmilesawayatcertaintimes.Despitethatproximity,foralongtimeitwasgenerallytermed“theplanetofmystery.”ThisisbecausetheatmosphereofVenusissodenseandsocloud-ladedthatitssurfaceispermanentlyhiddenfromsight.

ThefirstattempttolearnmoreaboutVenuswastoanalyzeitsupperatmosphereusingspectroscopicmethods.Insizeandmass,VenusisalmosttheequalofEarth,anditsgravitationalfieldisonlyslightlyweakerthanours,sothatlogicallyitmightbeexpectedtohavethesamekindofatmosphere—butthisisemphaticallynotso.Scientistsfoundthatthemainconstituentofitsatmosphereiscarbondioxide.Sincethisisaheavygasthatwouldbeexpectedtosink,itwasreasonabletoassumethatcarbondioxidemadeupmostoftheatmospheredowntogroundlevel.Carbondioxideactsinthemannerofagreenhouse,trappingtheSun’sheat,soitfollowedthatVenuswaslikelytobeaverytorridsortofworld.

Yetopinionsdiffered.Accordingtoonetheory,thecloudscontainedagreatdealofwater.Itwasevenclaimedthatthesurfacemightbelargelyoceancovered,inwhichcase:theatmospherecarbondioxidewouldhavefouledthewaterandproducedseasofsodawater.AnotherintriguingtheorymadeVenusverysimilartotheEarthofover200millionyearsago.Therewouldbemarshes,luxuriantvegetationofthefernandhorsetailvariety,andprimitivelife-formssuchasgiantdragonflies.Ifso,thenVenusmightpresumablyevolvethesamewayEarthhasdone.

In1962theAmericanprobeMariner2bypassedVenusatlessthan22,000milesandgaveusourfirstreliableinformation.Thesurfaceprovedtobeveryhotindeed;wenowknowthatthemaximumtemperatureisalmost500°C.Theatmospherereallyisalmostpurecarbondioxide,andthoseshiningcloudsarerichinsulfuricacid.Allideasofapleasant,oceanicVenushadtobeabandoned.In1975Venera9,aRussianautomaticlander,visitedVenusandsentbackpicturesdirectlyfromthesurface.Thescene—arocky,scorchedlandscape—couldhardlybemorehostile.Subsequentprobeshaveconfirmedthisimpression.

WhyisVenussounlikeEarth?TheanswercanonlylieinitslesserdistancefromtheSun.ItseemsthatintheearlydaysofthesolarsystemtheSunwaslessluminousthanitisnow,inwhichcaseVenusandEarthmayhavestartedtoevolvealongthesamelines,butwhentheSunbecamemorepowerfulthewholesituationchanged.Earth,at93millionmiles,wasjustoutofharm’sway,butVenus,at67million,wasnot.Thewaterinoceansvaporized,thecarbonatesweredrivenoutoftherocks,andinarelativelyshorttimeorthecosmicscale,Venuswastransformedfromapotentiallylife-bearingworldintotheinfernooftoday.

25.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto______.

26.Thestatement“Insize...so”(boldinParagraph2)functionsprimarilyto______.

27.Theprimarypurposeofthethirdparagraphisto______.

28.Inorderforthehypothesisin“Therewould...dragonflies”(boldinParagraph3)tobecorrect,whichstatementcouldNOTbetrueofconditionsonVenus?

29.Thestatementin“In1962…information”(boldinParagraph4)suggeststhatthe______.

30.Thetoneofthestatementin“Theanswer...Sun”(boldinParagraph5)isbestdescribedas______.

问题1选项

A.criticizethelackofresearchonatopicofmystery

B.speculateaboutlifeonanotherworld

C.lamentthefailureofacompellingtheory

D.illustratetheprinciplesofplanetaryresearch

问题2选项

A.discussaplausiblesupposition

B.mockashockingclaim

C.improveanacceptedopinion

D.summarizeaparticularexperiment

问题3选项

A.provideevidenceinsupportofacontroversialtheory

B.challengetwopopularmisconceptionsaboutVenus

C.suggestthatVenushasbeenromanticizedthroughouthistory

D.presenttwodistincttheoriesaboutVenus

问题4选项

A.Theenvironmentisgenerallywarmandhumid.

B.Theatmosphereispurecarbondioxide.

C.Thereisenoughlightforphotosynthesistooccur.

D.Creaturesareabletoflywithease.

问题5选项

A.qualityofthedatasurprisedthescientists

B.evidencecollectedearlierwasrelativelyuntrustworthy

C.recordshadbeenlostforalongtimebeforescientistsrediscoveredthem

D.probeallowedscientiststoformulateacompletelynewtheory

问题6选项

A.regretful

B.skeptical

C.decisive

D.amused

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:B

第6题:C

【解析】25.【选项释义】

25.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto______.25.这篇文章的主要目的是______。

A.criticizethelackofresearchonatopicofmysteryA.批评缺乏对神秘主题的研究

B.speculateaboutlifeonanotherworldB.推测另一个世界的生命

C.lamentthefailureofacompellingtheoryC.哀叹一个令人信服的理论的失败

D.illustratetheprinciplesofplanetaryresearchD.说明行星研究的原则

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】通读全文可知，文章主要是对金星神秘之谜的探讨，前三段分别对各方理论说法进行了客观分析，最后两段作者用科学事实和实验结论证实了自己的观点，同时也批评了各方不合理的理由和不合逻辑的论证方法，A选项表述符合文章主旨。因此，该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项只是部分提及，属于以偏概全；

C选项中的lament在文中并没有体现，与原文不符，属于曲解原文；

D选项没有提到，属于无中生有。

26.【选项释义】

26.Thestatement“Insize...so”(boldinParagraph2)functionsprimarilyto______.26.第2段中加粗的陈述“Insize…so”的作用主要是______。

A.discussaplausiblesuppositionA.讨论一个貌似合理的假设

B.mockashockingclaimB.嘲笑令人震惊的声明

C.improveanacceptedopinionC.改善一个已被接受的意见

D.summarizeaparticularexperimentD.总结一个特定的实验

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】定位到第二段加粗的那句话，在第二句“金星的大小和质量几乎与地球相当，它的重力场只比地球微弱一点，因此从逻辑上讲，金星可能具有与地球相同的大气层，但事实显然不是这样的”，这里将金星和地球进行类比并做出了一些推断，但是从后面的but可知，这个类比结果作者并不支持，所以这句加粗的陈述是为了讨论一个看起来合理的假设，A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项中的mock并不恰当，属于曲解原文；

C、D选项没有体现，属于无中生有。

27.【选项释义】

27.Theprimarypurposeofthethirdparagraphisto______.27.第三段的主要目的是为了______。

A.provideevidenceinsupportofacontroversialtheoryA.为一个有争议的理论提供证据支持

B.challengetwopopularmisconceptionsaboutVenusB.挑战两个流行的关于金星的误解

C.suggestthatVenushasbeenromanticizedthroughouthistoryC.暗示金星在历史上一直被浪漫化

D.presenttwodistincttheoriesaboutVenusD.提出关于金星的两种截然不同的理论

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】定位至文章第三段，该段以Yetopinionsdiffered（然而，意见不同）开头，提出了另外两个不同的理论。根据最后一句“如果是这样的话，那么金星可能会像地球一样进化”，可以推测，第三段描述的两个理论仅仅是猜测而已，并不正确，B项的意思与之相符。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项中的“证据支持”并没有体现，属于无中生有；

C选项与该段无关，属于张冠李戴；

D选项表述不够准确，属于曲解原文。

28.【选项释义】

28.Inorderforthehypothesisin“Therewould...dragonflies”(boldinParagraph3)tobecorrect,whichstatementcouldNOTbetrueofconditionsonVenus?28.为了使第三段加粗的“Therewould...dragonflies”的假设是正确的，下列哪一种说法对于金星的条件是不正确的？

A.Theenvironmentisgenerallywarmandhumid.A.这里的环境通常温暖而潮湿。

B.Theatmosphereispurecarbondioxide.B.大气是纯二氧化碳。

C.Thereisenoughlightforphotosynthesistooccur.C.有足够的光来进行光合作用。

D.Creaturesareabletoflywithease.D.生物能够轻松地飞翔。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先定位第三段倒数第二句加粗部分“那里将会有沼泽，蕨类植物和马尾草种类的茂盛植被，以及原始的生命形式，如巨大的蜻蜓”，这里假设金星存在生命，结合选项可知，如果假设成立，B项是错误的，所以该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均支持该假设。

29.【选项释义】

29.Thestatementin“In1962…information”(boldinParagraph4)suggeststhatthe______.29.第四段加粗的“In1962…information”陈述表明______。

A.qualityofthedatasurprisedthescientistsA.数据的质量让科学家们感到惊讶

B.evidencecollectedearlierwasrelativelyuntrustworthyB.早期收集的证据相对不可信

C.recordshadbeenlostforalongtimebeforescientistsrediscoveredthemC.在科学家重新发现它们之前，记录已经丢失了很长一段时间

D.probeallowedscientiststoformulateacompletelynewtheoryD.探测器使科学家形成了一种全新的理论

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先定位第四段第一句加粗部分“1962年，美国探测器‘水手2号’在不到22000英里的地方绕过金星，给了我们第一个可靠的信息（firstreliableinformation）”，从first可以表明之前提到的理论证据都是不可信的，所以B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、C选项都没有提到，属于无中生有；

D选项在文中只提到reliableinformation（可靠的信息），并不等于completelynewtheory（全新的理论），该项属于曲解原文。

30.【选项释义】

30.Thetoneofthestatementin“Theanswer...Sun”(boldinParagraph5)isbestdescribedas______.30.第五段加粗的“Theanswer...Sun”陈述的语调可以被描述为______。

A.regretfulA.遗憾的，惋惜的

B.skepticalB.怀疑的

C.decisiveC.决定性的，坚定的

D.amusedD.觉得好笑的

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先定位第五段第二句加粗部分“答案只能（only）在于它离太阳的距离更小”，这里是用设问的方式回答了金星神秘之谜，由only可知，作者对答案很确定，所以该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不符合原文，属于曲解原文。

10.翻译题

中国与西方国家的合作是互利的。中国经济的发展，不仅改善了本国人民的生活，也为世界经济的增长提供了新的推动力，为发达国家提供了更多的商业机会。中国是一个潜力巨大的新兴市场，西方国家技术先进，资金雄厚，两者经济上具有很强的互补性。西方一些国家对华采取歧视性的贸易政策，不仅损人，最终也会损害自己的利益。

【答案】参考译文：

ThecooperationoftheWestandChinaismutuallybeneficialtoeachother.TheeconomicdevelopmentofChinanotonlyimprovethequalityofnative’slife,butalsogivenewimpetustoworldeconomyandprovidemoreopportunitiesforthedevelopedcountriesinbusiness.Chinaisanemergingmarketwithgreatpotential,whileWesterncountrieshaveadvancedtechnologyandabundantcapital,bothofwhicharehighlycomplementaryineconomy.SomewesterncountriesadoptdiscriminatorytradepoliciesagainstChina,whichwillnotonlydoesharmtoothers,butalsodoesharmtotheirowninterestsintheend.

11.单选题

Thegovernmentpromisedto（）anewsystemtocontrolfinancialloaninstitutions.

问题1选项

A.implement

B.complement

C.supplement

D.compliment

【答案】A

【解析】implement实施,执行；complement补充；supplement增补；compliment恭维,称赞。句意：政府承诺实施新的制度来控制金融贷款机构。选项A符合句意。

12.单选题

We（）admirehiscourageandself-confidence.

问题1选项

A.canbut

B.cannotonly

C.cannotbut

D.canonlybut

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。canbut“只能”；cannotonly“不能只”；cannotbut“不得不，禁不住”；canonlybut无此用法。句意：我们……佩服他的勇气和自信。因此C选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Itwasclearthatthesmallgrocerwas（

）peopleheowedmoneyto.

问题1选项

A.attheexpenseof

B.attheriskof

C.inthewayof

D.atthemercyof

【答案】D

【解析】词组辨析。attheexpenseof“以……为代价”；attheriskof“冒着……的危险”；inthewayof“妨碍，关于……的方面”；atthemercyof“受……支配”。句意：很明显，这个小杂货商受他债主的支配。因此选项D符合题意。

14.单选题

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenceofphotographywayidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofrealityphotographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves-anythingbutmakingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPoppaintingduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatissepresupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivityinshort,anart.

1.Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes"theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism"astheauthorrepresentsitinLine13?

3.WhydoestheauthorintroduceAbstractExpressionistpainter?

4.Howdidthenineteenth-centurydefendersofphotographystressthephotography?

问题1选项

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineart

C.explainingtheattitudeofse