考研考博-英语-北京外国语大学考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京外国语大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thisyearwilldifficultforthisorganizationbecause（）.

问题1选项

A.theyhavelessmoneyandvolunteersthantheyhadlastyear

B.ithaslessmoneyandfewervolunteersthanithadlastyear

C.thelastyearitdidnothaveasfewvolunteersandmoney

D.therearefewermoneyandvolunteersthaninthelastyeartherewere

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。因为little修饰不可数名词，few修饰可数名词，money为不可数名词，volunteer为可数名词，选项A、C和D可排除，又因为句子表示比较所以用比较级less和fewer表示更少的。句意：今年对于组织来说会是困难的一年，因为资金和志愿者都比去年更少了。选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

Inappealingthecaseagain,youwilljustbekickingagainstthe（）.

问题1选项

A.pricks

B.balls

C.guns

D.winds

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项pricks“（v.）戳；扎破；（使）感到刺痛；（眼睛）发酸；（使）内心痛苦；驱使；（使）耳朵竖起；（n.）扎；戳孔；沮丧；赶牛棒；笨蛋；穿刺；针刺感；卑鄙的人”；B选项balls“（n.）球；（v.）把……捏成球状”；C选项guns“（n.）枪支；枪状物；持枪歹徒；（v.）用枪射击；加大油门快速前进；向……开枪；开大油门”；D选项wind“（n.）风；呼吸；气味；卷绕；（v.）缠绕；上发条；使弯曲；吹号角；绕住或缠住某人”。根据固定搭配kickagainstthepricks“以卵击石；徒劳的抵抗”可知该题选pricks。句意：你再提起上诉，那是在以卵击石。因此A选项正确。

3.翻译题

Wemustcontinuewiththereformintaxandfeeinruralareastolightentheburdensoffarmersandprotecttheirinterests.

Chinadoesnotseekhegemonyorpredominanceinworldaffairs.Itadvocatesanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.

Ifwedonotcrackdownoncorruption,theflesh-and-bloodtiesbetweenthePartyandthepeoplewillsufferalotandthePartywillbeindangeroflosingitsrulingposition,orpossiblyheadingforself-destruction.

Nobodyinanysector,publicorprivate,shouldofferbenefitsunlessforagoodreason.

Damsareadramaticexampleofahumanactivitythatdegradesfreshwaterecosystems.

【答案】为了减轻农民的负担和保护他们的利益，我们一定要继续进行农村税费改革。

中国在世界事务中不谋求霸权或主导地位。它主张一个新的国际政治和经济秩序。

如果我们不打击腐败，那么党和人们之间的血肉联系将会深受其害，并且党将会处于失去其执政地位的危险之中或可能走向自我毁灭。

除非有正当的理由，否则任何部门(公共的或私人的)没有人应该提供福利。

水坝是人类活动使淡水生态系统退化的一个引人注目的例子。

4.翻译题

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.

通过烟，我们可以看出人与人关系的深浅。客客气气递烟，说明关系尚浅；相互抢着递烟，说明地位相等，或视为相等；随随便便递烟，说明双方关系较深；伸手到对方口袋里掏烟，掏出来还要散给别人，那就简直是亲密无间，不分彼此的“铁哥们”了。

当今，越来越多的人正更换职业或者开始更具吸引力的二次创业，其动机或者原因不尽相同，但很多人更换职业，因为他们感到厌倦。对一些人来说，二次创业源于他们意识到他们不能从正从事的工作中得到他们想要的东西。他们决定去做他们喜欢并认为重要的事情。前一个职业所花的时间可能会缩小后一个职业的选择范围，所以很少人在人生的中期改换去做一项全新的职业，大多数人改换去做相关领域的一项职业。

【答案】Throughsmoking,wecantellthedepthoftheinterpersonalrelationship.Passingcigarettesinapolitemannerindicatesthattherelationshipbetweenthemisshallow;rushingtogivecigaretteseachothercanexplainthatthetwopersonsareinanequalstatusorconsideredequally;sharingcigarettescasuallytoeachothershowstherelationshipbetweenthemisdeeper;stretchingoutone’shandtogetcigarettesandgivingthemawaytoothersmeansthatthetwopersonsareintimatefriends.

Nowadays,moreandmorepeoplearechangingtheirprofessionsorstartingthemoreattractivesecondundertaking.Themotivationsorreasonsarevarious,butmostofpeoplearemakingacareerchangebecausethey’vebeenreallyfedupwithit.Forsomepeople,startingasecondbusinesscomesfromtherealizationthattheycannotgetwhattheywantoutofwhatthey’redoing.Theydecidetodothethingswhichtheyloveandconsiderimportant.Thetimespentintheformercareercannarrowtheoptionsforthelatter,sofewpeopleswitchtoanewcareerinthemiddleoftheirlives.Instead,mostpeopleliketodoaprofessionrelatedtothefieldstheygotinvolvedinbefore.

5.单选题

IpassedalltheothercoursesthatItookatmyuniversity,butIcouldhaveneverpassedbotany.Thiswasbecauseallbotanystudentshadtospendseveralhoursaweekinalaboratorylookingthroughamicroscopeatplantcells,andIcouldneveronceseeacellthroughamicroscope.Thisusedtoenragemyinstructor.Hewouldwanderaroundthelaboratorypleasedwiththeprogressallthestudentsweremakingindrawingthestructureofflowercells,untilhecametome.Iwouldjustbestandingthere.“Ican’tseeanything”Iwouldsay.Hewouldbeginpatientlyenough,explaininghowanybodycanseethroughamicroscope,buthewouldalwaysendupinafury,claimingthatIcould,too,seethroughamicroscopebutjustpretendedthatIcouldn’t.“Ittakesawayfromthebeautyofflowersanyway.”Iusedtotellhim.“Wearenotconcernedwithbeautyinthiscourse，”hewouldsay.“WeareconcernedsolelywithwhatImaycallthemechanicsofflowers.”“Well,”I’dsay,“Ican’tseeanything”“Tryitjustonceagain,”he’dsay,andIwouldputmyeyetothemicroscopeandseenothingatall,exceptnowandagainanebulousmilkysubstance—aphenomenonofmaladjustment.Youweresupposedtoseeavivid,restlessclockworkofsharplydefinedplantcells.“Iseewhatlookslikealotofmilk，”Iwouldtellhim.This,heclaimed,wastheresultofmynothavingadjustedthemicroscopeproperly,sohewouldreadjustitforme,orrather,forhimself.AndIwouldlookagainandseemilk.

Ifinallytookadeferredpass,astheycalledit,andwaitedayearandtriedagain.(Youhadtopassoneofthebiologicalsciencesoryoucouldn’tgraduate.)Theprofessorhadcomebackfromvacationbrownasaberry,bright-eyedandeagertoexplaincell-structureagaintohisclasses.“Well,”Hesaidtome,cheerily,whenwemetinthefirstlaboratoryhourofthesemester,“We’regoingtoseecellsthistime,aren’twe?”“Yes,sir，’’Isaid.Studentstotherightofmeandtotheleftofmeandinfrontofmewereseeingcells;what’smore,theywerequietlydrawingpicturesofthemintheirnotebooks,Ofcourse,Ididn’tseeanything.

“We’lltryit,theprofessorsaidtomegrimly,“witheveryadjustmentofthemicroscopeknowntoman.AsGodismywitness.I’llarrangethisglasssothatyouseecellsthroughitorI’llgiveupteaching.Intwenty-twoyearsofbotany,I···”Hecutoffabruptlyforhewasbeginningtoquiverallover,likeLionelBarrymore,andhegenuinelywishedtoholdontohistemper;hissceneswithmehadtakenagreatdealoutofhim.

So,wetrieditwitheveryadjustmentofthemicroscopeknowntoman.Withonlyoneof

themdidIseeanythingbutblacknessorthefamiliarlactealopacity,andthattimeIsay,tomypleasureandamazement,avariegatedconstellationofflecks,specks,anddots.TheseIhastilydrew.Theinstructor,notingmyactivity,camebackfromanadjoiningdesk,asmileonhislipsandhiseyebrowshighinhope.Helookedatmycelldrawing,“what’sthat?”hedemanded,withahintofasquealinhisvoice,“that’swhatIsaw,”Isaid.“Youdidn’t,youdidn’t，youdidn’t!”hescreamed,losingcontrolofhistemperinstantly;andhebentoverandsquintedintothemicroscope.Hisheadsnappedup.“That’syoureye!”heshouted.“You’vefixedthelenssothatitreflects!You’vedrawnyoureye!”

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whywashetakingthebotanycourse?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheprofessor’sattitudetowardtheauthorwas

（

）.

3.Whydidtheauthorhavedifficultywiththemicroscope?

4.Thetoneofthispassagecouldbestbedescribedas（

）.

问题1选项

A.Hewasapremedicalstudent.

B.Hewantedtoseethestructureofcells.

C.Heneededittograduate.

D.Itwasrequiredofsciencemajors.

问题2选项

A.encouraging

B.disbelieving

C.instructive

D.Alloftheabove

问题3选项

A.Theprofessoradjustedittohisowneyesratherthantotheauthor’seyes.

B.Becauseofafaultyinstrument.

C.Duetotheteacher’spoorinstruction.

D.Hedidn’ttry.

问题4选项

A.self-congratulatory

B.irony

C.degrading

D.critical

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到第二段中“Youhadtopassoneofthebiologicalsciencesoryoucouldn’tgraduate.你必须通过一门生物科学课程否则你不能毕业。”可知C项正确。

2.细节事实题。定位到第一段中“Hewouldbeginpatientlyenough,explaininghowanybodycanseethroughamicroscope,buthewouldalwaysendupinafury,claimingthatIcould,too,seethroughamicroscopebutjustpretendedthatIcouldn’t.他在开始的时候有足够耐心，解释如何通过显微镜看到东西，但他总是在愤怒中结束，声称我也可以通过显微镜看到东西，只是假装我不能看到。”可知B项正确。

3.判断推理题。定位到第一段中“This,heclaimed,wastheresultofmynothavingadjustedthemicroscopeproperly,sohewouldreadjustitforme,orrather,forhimself.AndIwouldlookagainandseemilk他声称，这是由于我没有调好显微镜，所以他就为我调试，或者更确切地说，为自己。我再看了一遍，结果我看到了乳状物。”可知A项正确。

4.判断推理题。最后一段中“That’syoureye!”heshouted.“You’vefixedthelenssothatitreflects!You’vedrawnyoureye!”'那是你的眼睛！’他（导师）大声说。“你已固定了镜头，以至于它发生了反射！你画了你的眼睛！”可推知B项“讽刺的”正确。A项“自满的”；C项“可耻的；不名誉的”；D项“批评的”。

6.单选题

（

）herinterestinchildren,teachingshouldbetherightcareerforher.

问题1选项

A.Giving

B.Give

C.Given

D.Togive

【答案】C

【解析】考查given的特殊语法。given充当介词，意思是“考虑到”。句意：考虑到她对孩子的兴趣，教学工作应该是她正确的职业。选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

Havinghadherasaprofessorandanadviser,Icantellyouthatsheisan_____forcewhopushesherstudentstoexcelfarbeyondtheirownexpectations.

问题1选项

A.inspirational

B.educational

C.excessive

D.instantaneous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inspirational“启发灵感的，鼓舞人心的”；B选项educational“教育的，有教育意义的”；C选项excessive“过度的，极度的”；D选项instantaneous“立即的，立刻的”。根据pushesherstudentstoexcelfarbeyondtheirownexpectations可知A选项符合语义。句意：有她作为教授和顾问，我可以告诉你，她有一种鼓舞人心的力量，推动她的学生超越自己的期望。

8.单选题

AnneWhitney,asophomore（大学二年级学生）atColoradoStateUniversity,firsthadaproblemtakingtestswhenshebegancollege.“Iwasalwayswellpreparedformytests.SometimesIstudiedforweeksbeforeatest.YetIwouldgointotakethetest,onlytofindIcouldnotanswerthequestionscorrectly.Iwouldblankoutbecauseofnervousnessandfear.Icouldn’tthinkoftheanswer.MylowgradesonthetestsdidnotshowwhatIknewtotheteacher.”Anotherstudentinbiologyhadsimilarexperiences.Hesaid,“Myfirstchemistrytestwasverydifficult.Then,onthesecondtest,Isatdowntotakeit,andIwassonervousthatIwasshaking.Myhandsweremovingupanddownsoquicklythatitwashardtoholdmypencil.IknewthematerialandIknewtheanswers.YetIcouldn’tevenwritethemdown!”

Thesetwoyoungstudentswereexperiencingsomethingcalledtestanxiety.Becauseastudentworriesandisuneasyaboutatest,hisorherminddoesnotworkaswellasitusuallydoes.Thestudentcannotwriteorthinkclearlybecauseoftheextremetensionandnervousness.Althoughpoorgradesareoftenaresultofpoorstudyhabits,sometimestextanxietycausesthelowgrades.Recently,testanxietyhasbeenrecognizedasarealproblem,notjustanexcuseorafalseexplanationoflazystudents.

Specialuniversityadvisingcoursestrytohelpstudents.Inthesecourses,advisorstrytohelpstudentsbyteachingthemhowtomanagetestanxiety.Atsomeuniversities,studentstaketeststomeasuretheiranxiety.Ifthetestsshowtheiranxietyishigh,thestudentscantakeshortcoursestohelpthemdealwiththeirtensions.Thesecoursesteachstudentshowtorelaxtheirbodies.Studentsaretrainedtobecomecalminverytensesituations.Bycontrollingtheirnervousness,theycanlettheirmindsworkatease.Learnedinformationthencomesoutwithoutdifficultyonatest.

AnexpertattheUniversityofCaliforniaexplains,“Withalmostallstudents,relaxationandlessstressarefeltaftertakingourprogram.Mostofthemexperiencebettercontrolduringtheirtests.Almostallhavesomeimprovement.Withsome,theimprovementisverygreat.”

1.To“blankout”isprobably（

）.

2.Poorgradesareusuallytheresultof

（

）.

3.Testanxietyhasbeenrecognizedas

（

）.

4.Todealwiththisproblem,studentsatsomeuniversitieswould

（

）.

5.AUniversityofCaliforniaadvisorsaid（

）.

问题1选项

A.tobelikeablanket

B.tobesureofananswer

C.tobeunabletothinkclearly

D.toshowknowledgetotheteacher

问题2选项

A.poorsleepinghabit

B.laziness

C.lackofsleep

D.inabilitytofromgoodstudyhabits

问题3选项

A.anexcuseforlaziness

B.theresultofpoorstudyhabits

C.arealproblem

D.somethingthatcannotbechanged

问题4选项

A.takeashortcourseonanxiety

B.readaboutanxiety

C.taketeststoevaluatetheiranxiety

D.taketeststoprovetheyarenotanxious

问题5选项

A.allstudentscouldovercometheanxietyaftertakingaspecialtestanxietyprogram

B.almostallstudentsfeltlessstressaftertakingaUniversityofCaliforniaadvisingcourse

C.studentsfounditdifficulttoimproveeventhoughtheyhadtakenaspecialtestanxietycourse

D.studentsfounditeasytorelaxassoonastheyenteredaUniversityofCaliforniaadvisingcourse.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.词义题。根据文章第一段中“onlytofindIcouldnotanswerthequestionscorrectly.Iwouldblankoutbecauseofnervousnessandfear.Icouldn’tthinkoftheanswer.”却发现我不能正确回答这些问题。我……因为紧张和恐惧，我无法想到答案。可推测此处指头脑一片空白，不能正常思考，因此C选项“不能清楚地思考”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“Althoughpoorgradesareoftenaresultofpoorstudyhabits”尽管成绩不好往往是不良的学习习惯导致的，可知D选项“无法养成良好的学习习惯”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“Recently,testanxietyhasbeenrecognizedasarealproblem,notjustanexcuseorafalseexplanationoflazystudents.”可知考试焦虑已被认为是一个真实存在的问题，因此选C。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第三段中“Atsomeuniversities,studentstaketeststomeasuretheir

anxiety.Ifthetestsshowtheiranxietyishigh,thestudentscantakeshortcoursestohelpthemdealwiththeirtensions.”在一些大学里，学生通过考试来测量他们焦虑，如果考试显示他们的焦虑程度很高，学生可以参加短期课程，帮助他们应对自身的紧张，因此选A。注意题干问的是处理焦虑问题的方法，C选项不符题意，参加测试评估焦虑的目的是删选需要参加课程的学生。

5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段中“Withalmostallstudents,relaxationandlessstressarefeltaftertakingourprogram.”几乎所有的学生在参加我们的课程后都能感受到放松和较少的压力，因此B选项“在参加一个加州大学建议课程后，几乎所有学生都感到较少的压力”符合题意。

9.单选题

Theyare（

）investorswhoalwaysmakethoroughinvestigationsbothonlocalandinternationalmarketsbeforemakinganinvestment.

问题1选项

A.implicit

B.conscious

C.cautious

D.indecisive

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项implicit“暗示的，含蓄的”；B选项conscious“有意识的，清醒的，故意的”；C选项cautious“谨慎的”；D选项indecisive“犹豫不决的”。空格部分是需要一个修饰investors的形容词。后面由who引导定语从句修饰investor，根据句意“whoalwaysmakethoroughinvestigationsbothonlocalandinternationalmarkets…总要对当地和国际市场进行彻底调查”，判断可知空格部分单词意思应该为“谨慎的”，句意为：他们是谨慎的投资者，在做出每笔投资前，总要对当地和国际市场进行彻底调查。故正确答案选C。

10.单选题

AIDSactivistspermanentlychangedandshortenedAmerica’s（

）processfortestingandapprovingnewdrugsofallkinds,foralldiseases.

问题1选项

A.efficient

B.stagnant

C.complex

D.appropriate

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。efficient有效率的；stagnant停滞的，不景气的；complex复杂的，合成的；appropriate适当的。句意：艾滋病活动人士永久性地改变并缩短了美国测试和批准用于治疗各种疾病的各种新药的复杂过程。选项C符合句意。

11.单选题

Themassive,black,hornedbuffalo,formerlyfoundthroughoutsub-SaharanAfrica,isagregariousanimalofopenorscrub-coveredplainsandopenforests.

问题1选项

A.rotten

B.sociable

C.wealthy

D.beautiful

【答案】B

【解析】句意：巨大的、黑色的、有角的水牛，原产于非洲撒哈拉以南，是一种群居动物，生活在开阔的或灌木覆盖的平原和开阔的森林中。gregarious意为“社交的，群居的”。rotten腐烂的，堕落的；sociable好交际的，友善的；wealthy富有的；beautiful美丽的。选项B与之意思相近。

12.单选题

Onlineservicesthatprovide（）loverssawariseinpopularitybeforetheValentine’sDay,whichiscelebratedeveryyearonFeb14.

问题1选项

A.humble

B.noble

C.radical

D.virtual

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项humble表示“谦逊的，简陋的”，B选项noble表示“高贵的，宏伟的”，C选项radical表示“激进的，根本的，彻底的”，D选项virtual表示“事实上的，（计算机仿真）虚拟的”。由句意可知，情人节前，网上提供（）情侣的服务日渐增多。由此可知，只有D选项最符合原文句意，virtuallover表示“虚拟情侣”。故本题正确答案为D选项。

13.单选题

Thetragicimpactofmoderncityonthehumanbeinghaskilledhissenseofaesthetics.Thematerialbenefitsofanaffluentsocietyhavedivertedhisattentionfromhiscityanditsculturalpotentialtotheproductsofscienceandtechnology:washingmachines,centralheating,automaticcookers,televisionsets,computersandfittedcarpets.Heis,atthemoment,drunkwithdemocracy,well-to-do,andhasneverhaditsogood.

Heisreluctanttowalk.Statisticaldatarevealthatthedistanceheispreparedtowalkfromhisparkingplacetohisshoppingcenterisveryshort.Astherearenoadequateoffstreetparkingfacilities,thecitiesarelitteredwithkerb-parkedcars,andparkingmetersrearthemselveseverywhere.Congestionhasbecomethepredominantfactorinhisenvironment,andstatisticssuggestthattwocarsperhouseholdsystemmaysoonmakemattersworse.

Inthemeantime,insultisaddedtoinjuryby“landvalue”.Thevalueoflandresultsfromitsuse:itsincomeisderivedfromtheserviceitprovides.Whenitsuseisintensified,itsincomeanditsvalueincrease.“Puttinglandtoitshighestandbestuse”becomestheprincipaleconomicstandardinurbangrowth.Thisspeculativeapproachandthepressureofincreasingpopulationleadstothe“vertical”growthofcitieswiththeresultthatpeopleareforcedtoadjustthemselvestocongestioninordertomaintaintheserelativelyartificiallandvalues.Paradoxicallytheremedyforremovingcongestionistocreatemoreofit.

Partialdecentralization,orratherpseudo-decentralization,intheformoflargedevelopmentunitsawayfromthetraditionaltowncenters,onlyshiftsthediseaseroundtheanatomyofthetown:ifitisnotcombinedwiththeremodelingofthetown’stransportationsystem,itdoesnotcureit.Heretheengineeringsolutionsarestronglyaffectedbythenecessityforcomplicatedintersections,which,inturn,arefrustratedbytheextravagantcostofland.

Itiswithinourpowertobuildbettercitiesandrevivethecivicprideoftheircitizens,butweshallhavetostopoperatingonthefringeoftheproblem.Weshallhaveradicallytore-planthemtoachievearationaldensityofpopulation.Weshallhavetoprovideinthemwhatcanbecalledminimum“psychologicalelbowroom.”Oneoftheingredientsofthiswillbepropertransportationplans.Thesewillhavetobeanintegralpartoftheoverallplanningprocesswhichinitselfisascientificprocess.Ifwewanttoplaneffectively,wemustcollect,inanorganizedmanner,allandcompleteinformationaboutthecityorthetown.Inthisprocess,wemustnotforgetthatcitiesarebuiltbypeople,andthattheirformandshapeshouldbesubjecttothewillofthepeople.Scientificmethodsofdatacollectionandanalysiswillindicatetrends,buttheywillnotdirectaction.Scientificmethodsareonlyaninstrument.Manwillhavetosetthetarget,and,usingtheresultsobtainedbyscienceandhisownengineeringskill,takeuponhimselfthefinalshapingofhisenvironment.

26.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthatpeopleinoldtimes______.

27.Thehighly-developedtechnologyhasmademan______.

28.Thedrasticincreaseoflandvalueinthecity______.

29.Theexpansionofbigcitiestothedistantsuburbanareasmay______.

30.Theauthorsuggeststhattheremodelingofcitiesmust______.

问题1选项

A.paidmoreattentiontomaterialbenefits

B.hadastrongersenseofbeauty

C.weremoredesirousaboutthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology

D.enjoyedmorefreedomanddemocrat

问题2选项

A.increasinglyindustrious

B.freefrominconvenience

C.excessivelydependentonexternalaids

D.abletosavehisphysicalstrength

问题3选项

A.isthegoodresultofeconomicdevelopment

B.offersmoreopportunitiestolanddealers

C.isannoyinglyartificialandmeaningless

D.fortunatelyleadstothe“vertical”growthofcities

问题4选项

A.solvetheproblemofcitycongestion

B.resultintheremodelingofthetown’stransportationsystem

C.bringthesamecongestiontothesuburbanareas

D.needlessinvestmentonland

问题5选项

A.putprioritytothebenefitofthefuturegenerations

B.befocusedonpeopleratherthanoneconomy

C.beeconomicallyprofitabletolandowners

D.resorttoscientificmethods

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】26.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Thetragicimpactofmoderncityonthehumanbeinghaskilledhissenseofaesthetics.（现代城市对人类的悲剧性影响扼杀了人的审美意识。），说明过去的人是拥有审美意识的，但是被现代城市扼杀了。因此B选项“有较强的审美意识”正确。A选项“比较注重物质利益”，C选项“对科技的发展有更大的愿望”，D选项“享有更多的自由和民主”，由原文可知，这是现代人的特点，所以A，C，D错误。

27.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Thematerialbenefitsofanaffluentsocietyhavedivertedhisattentionfromhiscityanditsculturalpotentialtotheproductsofscienceandtechnology:washingmachines,centralheating,automaticcookers,televisionsets,computersandfittedcarpets.（富裕社会的物质利益将人的注意力从城市及其文化潜力转移到了科技产品上：洗衣机、中央供暖系统、自动炊具、电视机、电脑和地毯。）和第二段第一句Heisreluctanttowalk.（人不愿意走路。），说明高度发达的科技让人类越来越依赖各种科技产品，不愿意自己动手。因此C选项“过度依赖外部援助”正确。A选项“越来越勤劳”，B选项“从不便中解放出来”，D选项“能够保存自己的体力”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。

28.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第五、六句Thisspeculativeapproachandthepressureofincreasingpopulationleadstothe“vertical”growthofcitieswiththeresultthatpeopleareforcedtoadjustthemselvestocongestioninordertomaintaintheserelativelyartificiallandvalues.Paradoxicallytheremedyforremovingcongestionistocreatemoreofit.（这种投机的方式和人口增长的压力导致了城市的“垂直”增长，其结果是人们被迫调整自己，以适应拥堵，以维持这些相对人为的土地价值。矛盾的是，消除拥堵的补救办法是制造更多的拥堵。），说明土地价值的大幅提升是人为的、没有意义的。因此C选项“是人为的，没有意义的，令人讨厌”正确。A选项“是经济发展的好结果”，B选项“为土地商提供了更多的机会”，D选项“幸运地导致了城市的垂直发展”都是形容积极的结果，而原文表达的是消极的意思，所以A，B，D错误。

29.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第一句Partialdecentralization,orratherpseudo-decentralization,intheformoflargedevelopmentunitsawayfromthetraditionaltowncenters,onlyshiftsthediseaseroundtheanatomyofthetown:ifitisnotcombinedwiththeremodelingofthetown’stransportationsystem,itdoesnotcureit.（部分分散化，或者说是伪分散化，以大型开发单位的形式远离传统的城镇中心，只是将疾病转移到城镇的解剖结构上：如果不与城镇交通系统的改造相结合，就无法治愈疾病。），说明大城市向远郊区扩展，并不会解决大城市的交通拥堵问题，反而会给郊区也带来交通拥堵问题。因此C选项“给郊区带来同样的拥堵问题”正确。A选项“解决城市拥堵问题”，B选项“导致城镇交通系统的改造”，D选项“需要减少对土地的投资”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。

30.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】观点态度题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段倒数第四句Inthisprocess,wemustnotforgetthatcitiesarebuiltbypeople,andthattheirformandshapeshouldbesubjecttothewillofthepeople.（在这个过程中，我们不能忘记城市是由人建造的，城市的形态应该服从于人的意志。），说明作者认为城市的改造必须以人类为中心。因此B选项“以人为本，而不是以经济为中心”正确。A选项“把造福子孙后代放在首位”，C选项“对土地所有者有经济效益”在文中没有提及，所以A，C错误。D选项“诉诸科学方法”，由原文可知，作者认为科学方法只是一种工具，人类必须自行承担环境的最终塑造工作，所以D错误。

14.单选题

Forthefirsttime,wefound____thatallowustoconnectthefirstphaseofhumanevolutionandthesecondphase.

问题1选项

A.theories

B.morasses

C.frescos

D.fossils

【答案】D

【解析】theory理论,学说;morass沼泽;fresco壁画;fossil化石。句意：我们第一次发现了化石,它使我们能够把人类进化的第一阶段和第二阶段联系起来。选项D符合句意。

15.单选题

Theygaveeachotheragoldringtosymbolizetheirmarriage______.

问题1选项

A.approval

B.commitment

C.consent

D.obligation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项approval“批准（计划、要求等）”；B选项commitment“承诺，保证”；C选项consent“（正式）赞同；批文”；D选项obligation“（已承诺的或法律等规定的）义务，责任”。句意：他们互赠金戒指象征他们婚姻的______。B选项commitment“承诺；保证”在这里比较符合语境，指金戒指象征婚姻的承诺，符合题意。因此B选项正确。

16.单选题

The“EchoHouse”willdemonstratehowwecanlivewithhighlyefficientinsulation,solarheating,energyefficient______andorganicgardening.

问题1选项

A.applicators

B.applications

C.applicants

D.appliances

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项applicators“涂药器；敷帖器；上涂装置”；B选项applications“应用；申请；应用程序；敷用；（对事物、学习等）投入”；C选项applicants“申请人，申请者；请求者”；D选项appliances“器具；器械；装置；应用”。原句中有几个并列成分：highlyefficientinsulation，solarheating，energyefficient____，和organicgardening，根据上下文，这些都是与生存环境有关的词语，因此我们不难排除掉与此无关的选项A选项和C选项。另外，原句中的几个并列成分都是具体名词。因此可以推断B选项application“应用；申请；应用程序；敷用；（对事物、学习等）投入”与题意不符。句意：“回音屋”将向我们展示如何使用高效隔热、太阳能饮食、节能电器和有机园艺来生活。因此D选项正确。

17.单选题

IfItakethismedicinetwiceadayitshould（）mycold.

问题1选项

A.heat

B.cure

C.treat

D.recover

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:heat“使温暖，使发热”；B:cure“治疗，治愈”；C:treat“对待；治疗”；D:recover“恢复；重新获得”。句意：假如这种药我一天吃两次，它就可以治愈我的感冒。结合此处语境，和感冒相关，故B为正确答案。

18.单选题

Childhoodmemoirsoftengaintheirpoignancythroughasenseofdisplacement:eachlessonisaccompaniedbyalossof（）.

问题1选项

A.perspective

B.innocence

C.permission

D.veracity

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析。句意：童年记忆经常由于取代感而更加哀伤，每一次教训都伴随着

的丢失。

perspective洞察力，看法；innocence纯洁，纯真；permission允许，许可；veracity诚实，真实。故选B。

19.单选题

Amanof（）judgmentwillimmediatelyseethroughthelittlegame.

问题1选项

A.severe

B.solemn

C.sober

D.stern

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:severe“严峻的”；B:solemn“庄严的，严肃的”；C:sober“头脑清醒的，冷静的”；D:stern“严厉的，严峻的”。句意：一个头脑清醒有判断力的人会立刻看穿这个小游戏。根据语境和句意可知C为正确答案。

20.单选题

Themayorisawomanwithgreat（）andthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialsupport.

问题1选项

A.intention

B.instinct

C.integrity

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】句意:市长是一位正直的女性，因此值得我们在政治上和经济上给予支持。

考查形近词辨析。intention意图;打算；instinct本能;直觉;integrity诚实正直;完整;完好;intensity强调。根据后半句句意“因此值得我们在政治上和经济上给予支持”可知C符合句意。

21.翻译题

Throughouthistorynewtechnologieshaverevolutionizedwarfare,sometimesabruptly,sometimesonlygradually:thinkofgunpowder,aircraft,radarandnuclearfission.Soithasbeenwithinforma-tiontechnology.ComputersandtheinternethavetransformedeconomiesandgivenWesternarmiesgreatadvantages,suchastheabilitytosendremotelypilotedaircraftacrosstheworldtogatherintelli-genceandattacktargets.(1).Butthespreadofdigitaltechnologycomesatacost:itexposesarmiesandsocietiestodigitalattack.Somescenarios(电影)imaginethealmostinstantaneousfailureofthesystemsthatkeepthe

modern

worldturning.Ascomputernetworkscollapse,factoriesandchemicalplantsexplode,satellitesspinoutofcontrolandthefinancialandpowergridsfail.Cyberspacehasbecomethefifthdomainofwarfare,afterland,sea,airandspace.

ThecyberattacksonEstoniain2007andonGeorgiain2008(thelatterstrangelyhappenedtocoincidewiththeadvanceofRussiantroopsacrosstheCaucasus)arewidelyassumedtohavebeendi-rectedbytheKremlin(克里姆林宫),buttheycouldbetracedonlytoRussiancyber-criminals.ManyofthecomputersusedintheattackbelongedtoinnocentAmericanswhosePCshadbeenhi-jacked.CompaniessuspectChinaoforganizingmini-raidstoransackWesternknow-how:butitcouldjusthaveeasilybeenWesterncriminals,computer-hackersshowingoffordisillusionedformeremploy-ees.(2).OnereasonwhyWesterngovernmentshaveuntilrecentlybeenreticentaboutcyber-espio-nage（间谍）issurelybecausetheyaredabhandsatit,too.

Cyber-weaponsarebeingdevelopedsecretly,withoutdiscussionofhowandwhentheymightbeused.（3）.Ifcyberarms-controlistoAmerica’sadvantage，itwouldbewisetoshadesuchaccords（协议）whileitstillhastheupperhandincyberspace.Inthemeantime，however,countriesshouldagreeonmodestaccords,orevenjustinformal“rulesoftheroad”thatwouldraisethepoliticalcostofcy-ber-attacks.Perhapstherecouldbeadealtopreventthecrude“denial-of-service”assaultsthatbroughtdownEstonianandGeorgianwebsiteswithamassofbogus（伪造的）requestsforinforma-tion；NATOandtheEuropeanUnioncouldmakeitclearthatattacksincyberspace,asintherealworld,willprovokearesponse:theUNorsignatoriesoftheGenevaConventionscoulddeclarethatcyber-attacksoncivilianfacilitiesare,likephysicalattackswithbombandbullet,outofboundsinwar；richcountriescouldexerteconomicpressureonstatesthatdonotadoptmeasurestofightonlinecriminals.Countriesshouldbeencouragedtospellouttheirmilitarypoliciesincyberspace,asA