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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Wesincerelyhopeyouwillsoonbe()tohealth.

问题1选项

A.restored

B.recovered

C.returned

D.renewed

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。restore(to)“恢复,恢复成(某个样子),及物动词,多用于被动语态,强调用外力来恢复原状”。句意:我们真诚地希望你们不久就能恢复健康。根据句意,A为正确答案。

2.单选题

Womenbossesareviewedaslessqualifiedandcapablethantheirmale(

)accordingtoastudy.

问题1选项

A.equivalents

B.counterparts

C.peers

D.substitutes

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。equivalent意为“同等物”;counterpart意为“职位(或作用)相当的人”;peer意为“同龄人”;substitute意为“替代物”。

句意:根据一项研究,女性老板被认为不如男性老板合格、有能力。

3.单选题

Three(1)yearsagoDanielGabrielFahrenheitmadehis(2)thermometerin

hishometownofDanzig(NowGdanskinPoland).Thethermometerwasfilledwith(3)

andcompletelysealed,butitwasnotmuchusewithoutsomesortof(4)tomeasurethe

temperature.

Onestory(5)that,duringthewinterof1708—1709,Fahrenheittookameasurement

of0degreesasthecoldesttemperatureoutdoors—whichwouldnowreadasminus17.8°C.Five

years(6)heusedmercuryinsteadofalcoholforhis(7),andmadeatopreference

pointbymeasuringhisownbodytemperatureas90degrees.Soonafterwardshebecameaglassblower,(8)______allowedhimtomakethinlyblownglasstubesthatcouldbemarkedupwithmorepointsonthescaleandso(9)______accuracy.

Eventuallyhetookthe(10)pointofhistemperaturescalefromareadingmadeinice,

waterandsalt,andatoppointmadefromtheboilingpointofwater.Thescalewasrecalibrated

using180degreesbetweenthese(11)pointsandFahrenheitwasabletomakemuchmore

accurateandmore(12)measurementsoftemperature.

Butin1742arivalchallengedtheFahrenheitscaleand(13)supersededit.Anders

Celsius,inSweden,inventedascaleof100degreesbetweenthefreezingandboilingpointsof

waterandgradually(14)overmanycountries.However,theBritish(15)weddedto

Fahrenheituntilwellintothe20thcentury.

问题1选项

A.thousand

B.hundred

C.decadesof

D.hundredsof

问题2选项

A.initial

B.final

C.first

D.last

问题3选项

A.alcohol

B.mercury

C.sand

D.salt

问题4选项

A.scale

B.measurement

C.points

D.degrees

问题5选项

A.says

B.rumors

C.concludes

D.goes

问题6选项

A.ago

B.before

C.after

D.later

问题7选项

A.thermometers

B.measurements

C.points

D.degrees

问题8选项

A.thereby

B.which

C.that

D.what

问题9选项

A.enlarge

B.addup

C.increase

D.promote

问题10选项

A.eldest

B.lowest

C.coolest

D.deepest

问题11选项

A.three

B.four

C.two

D.dual

问题12选项

A.continuous

B.continuant

C.coherent

D.consistent

问题13选项

A.eventually

B.accidentally

C.surprisingly

D.fortunately

问题14选项

A.took

B.turned

C.brought

D.won

问题15选项

A.kept

B.remained

C.maintained

D.sustained

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:B

第9题:C

第10题:B

第11题:C

第12题:D

第13题:A

第14题:D

第15题:D

【解析】(1)考查上下文语义。第二段第一句说到了时间“duringthewinterof1708-09”,可知大约是“三百多年前”。因此B选项符合题意。

(2)考查形容词辨析。initial“最初的”;final“最终的”;first“第一的”;last“最后的;最近的”。根据上下文可知这里表示“制作出了第一个温度计”。因此C选项符合题意。

(3)考查上下文语义。第二段说到“heusedmercuryinsteadofalcohol”,由此推测他支座的第一个温度计内部是酒精。因此A选项符合题意。

(4)考查名词辨析。scale“规模;刻度”;measurement“度量;尺寸”;point“要点;尖端”;degree“度数”。句意:但是如果没有记录温度的……时没有用的。因此A选项符合题意。

(5)考查固定搭配。表述“故事是这样讲的”时,常用“onestorygoes…”。因此D选项符合题意。

(6)考查上下文语义。上文提到了第一个温度计被制作出来,后续随着时间的迁移,温度计得以慢慢地完善。因此此处应指“五年后,他把温度计中的酒精换成水银……”。因此D选项符合题意。

(7)考查上下文语义。文章说的是温度计的发明。因此这里说就是thermometer“温度计”。因此A选项符合题意。

(8)考查语法知识。空格前是一个完整结构的语句,且还有逗号,这里考查的就是非限定性定语从句,根据主从句结构可知此处应选which作关系代词。因此B选项符合题意。

(9)考查词义辨析。enlarge“扩大”;addup“合计”;increase“增加;提高”;promote“促进”。根据空格后的词语accuracy“准确性”,可知与之相搭配额应为C选项。

(10)考查上下文语义。后半句说到了“atoppoint……”,可知此处应为相对的“lowest”。因此B选项符合题意。

(11)考查上下文语义。上一句提到“thelowestpoint”和“thetoppoint”,可知为“twopoints”。因此C选项符合题意。

(12)考查形容词辨析。continuous“连续的”;continuant“连续音的”;coherent“条理清楚的”;consistent“始终如一的”。句意:法伦海特就能够更精确、更……地记录温度。此处选用的词语应符合“精确”这一含义,因此D选项符合题意。

(13)考查副词辨析。eventually“最后”;accidentally“意外地”;surprisingly“令人惊讶地”;fortunately“幸运地”。句意:但是在1742年,一位竞争者挑战法伦海特的刻度,并且……将其取代。根据下文可知,原来的刻度被取代了,因此A选项符合题意。

(14)考查词组辨析。takeover“接管”;turnover“移交”;bringover“把某人带回”;winover“说服;胜诉;把……争取过来”。句意:最后很多国家开始采用这种刻度。说明争取到了很多多家的认可。选项D符合题意。

(15)考查语法知识。wedded是形容词性,因此空格处缺少具有系动词。四个选项都与“保持”有关,但选项A、C和D都是实义动词,因此B选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Mintisanherbthatiswellknownforthearomaticoildistilledfromallpartsoftheplant.

问题1选项

A.valuable

B.fragrant

C.medicinal

D.flavorful

【答案】B

【解析】句意:薄荷是一种药草,因其各个部位可蒸馏芳香油而闻名。aromatic意为芳香的。valuable有价值的,贵重的;fragrant芬芳的,芳香的;medicinal药用的;有益的;flavorful可口的,充满……味道的。选项B与之意思最为相近。

5.单选题

Theeducationgap

Educationisthepassporttomodemlife,andapre-conditionofnationalprosperity.Butmorethanaquarteroftheworld'sadults—900millionreadorwrite,andmorethan100millionyoungchildrenaredeprivedofevenaprimaryschooleducation.Inmostdevelopingcountries,afterdecadesofeducationalexpansion,spendingonlearningisfalling.Theilliteratearevirtuallyhelplessinaworldruledbythewrittenword,wherenoticesandofficialpaperscanseemamassofmeaninglesshieroglyphics.Peoplewhocannotdecipherthemareatthemercyofthosewhocan;many,asaresult,havebeencheatedoftheirrightsortheirland.

Studiesshowthatpeoplewithevenabasiceducationarehealthierandeatbetter.Theyaremorelikelytoplantheirfamiliesand-theirchildrenaremorelikelytosurvive.AccordingtotheWorldBank,justfouryearsofprimaryeducationenablesfarmerstoincreaseproductivitybytenpercent,oftenthedifferencebetweenhungerandsufficiency.Nationaleconomicreturnsfromeducationoutstripthosefrommostotherformsofinvestment.

Enrolment:riseandfall

Astheybecameindependent,mostdevelopingcountriesenthusiasticallyembracededucation.Twodecadesofastonishingexpansionfollowed.Between1960and1981,theworld'sthirty-twopoorestcountries(excludingIndiaandChina,whichhavelonghadgoodrecords)increasedtheproportionoftheirchildrenenrolledinprimaryschoolfromthirty-eighttoseventy-twopercent.Thethirty-eightnextpoorestachievedalmostuniversalprimaryschoolenrollmentby1980,upfromabouttwo-thirdsin1960.Itseemedasifitwouldnotbelongbeforeeverychildalivecouldbesureofgoingtoschool.

Bytheendofthe1980sthatdreamhadturnedtobitterdisillusion.Thedecadebroughteconomicdisastertodevelopingcountries.Theyslumpedwhenrichnationswentintorecessionatthebeginningofthe1980s,thesubsequentrecoverypassedthembyandtheywerehitagainbytherenewedrecessioninthelate1980sandearly1990s.Theeducationalexpansionofthelate1960sand1970sfirsthaltedthenwentintoreverse.By1989,enrollmentrateshaddroppedinoneouteveryfivedevelopingcountries.InsomeAfricancountries,thenumberofchildreninprimaryschoolsdeclinedbyathirdbetween1980and1985.Tanzania'suniversalprimaryschoolenrollmentfelldramaticallyduringthisperiod.Unesco’sDirector-General,FedericoMayor,warnsthatthisthreatenstosetbackthecountriesoftheSouthbyawholegenerationorevenmore.

Decliningexpenditure

Theproportionofnationalexpendituregoingtoeducationdeclinedinmorethanhalfofdevelopingcountriesoverthe1980s.Intheworld'sthirty-sevenpoorestcountries,theaverageexpenditureperheadoneducationdroppedbyaquarter.InAfricaasawhole,saystheWorldBank,only$0.60ayearisspentoneducationalmaterialsforeachstudent,whilstitestimatesminimumrequirementsat$5.00.

Illiteracyandthepoor

Inindustrializedcountries,absoluteilliteracywaslargelyeradicatedhalfacenturyago;theytwopercentoftheworld'silliterate.Functionalilliteracy,however,remains:inCanada,theliteracyofaquarterofalladultsisseriouslyinadequate;intheUnitedStates,estimatesrangefromfivetotwenty-fivepercent;inFrance,thetotalnumbersrangefromtwotoeightmillionpeople,dependingonthestudy.Mostareamongthepoorestmembersoftheirsocieties.

Generallyspeaking,thepooreracountry,thehigherthenumberofilliterate;two-thirdsofadultsintheverypoorestcountriescannotreadorwrite.Furthermore,thepoorestindividualssuffermost.Thepoorerachild'sfamily,thelesslikelyhe(or,particularly,she)istostartschoolandthemorelikelyitisthatthosewhodostartwilldropout.

Thedisadvantagedcountryside

MorepeopleintheThirdWorldliveinthecountryside,whereschoolsandteachersarealwaysscarcer.Buteveninthecities,thepoormissout.InCalcutta,oversixtypercentofchildrendonotattendschoolbecausetheyhavetoworktohelpkeepthefamilygoing,orlookafteryoungersiblingstoenabletheirmotherstowork.Two-thirdsoftheworld'silliteratearewomen.Yetwomen'seducationisparticularlyimportant.TheWorldBankidentifiesitasperhapsthesinglemostimportantdeterminantoffamilyhealthandnutrition,anditsresearchshowsthatinfantmortalityratesfallsteadily,anddramatically,foreveryyearwomenspendatschool.Buttradition,prejudicesandtheburdenofworktobedoneathomeensurethatdaughtersarepulledoutofschoolfirst.InthefirstgradeofKampala'sprimaryschoolsthesexesareevenlybalanced;bytheseventhgrade,therearemorethantwiceasmanyboysasgirls.

Primaryeducation:theproductivedollar

Everydollarinvestedinprimaryschooleducation,accordingtoanotherWorldBankstudy,isfiftypercentmoreproductivethanoneinvestedinsecondaryschooling,andgivestwiceasmuchspentonuniversities-Yet,throughouttheThirdWorld,thesespendingprioritiesarereversed.

Afewcountrieshavestartedtochangetheirpriorities,emphasizingprimaryeducation.Zimbabwedoubleditsnumberofprimaryschoolsinitsfirstfiveyearsofindependence;theproportionofitsbudgetspentoneducationisthefifthhighestintheworld,andthecurriculumhasbeenre-orientedtomeetlocalneeds.Bangladeshhasopenedmorethan2,500basicvillageprimaryschoolswithappropriatesyllabusessince1985,atanannualcostofjust$15.00perpupil.Only1.5percentofthechildrendropoutcomparedtosixtypercentoftheirpeersintheordinaryprimaryschools.Moreover,ninety-fivepercentofpupils,themajoritygirls,continuetheireducationafterleaving.

Nonetheless,allthesecountriesareunderharsheconomicpressure.ThereislittlehopeforthechildrenoftheThirdWorldcountries,eveniftheirgovernmentsdochangetheirpriorities,unlesstheircountriesareenabledtodevelop.

1.Whatdoyouthinkisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

2.Illiteracyhasbeenalmostcompletely()

3.Girlsveryoftenfailtocompletetheirschoolingbecause().

4.Spendingontertiaryeducationis().

5.Primaryeducationhasbeengivenmoreimportance().

问题1选项

A.topromotethedevelopmentofprimaryeducation

B.topromotethedevelopmentoftertiaryeducation

C.toillustratetheneedfordevelopmentingeneral

D.tohighlighttheproblemsofruralareas

问题2选项

A.fromthedevelopingworld

B.exceptintheUSA,CanadaandFrance

C.inabsolutetermsinindustrializedcountries

D.Infunctionaltermsinindustrializedcountries

问题3选项

A.theyhavetogoouttowork

B.therearetwiceasmanyboysasgirls

C.oftraditionandprejudice

D.offamilyh

问题4选项

A.twiceasproductiveasspendingonsecondaryeducation

B.onlyhalfasproductivethanspendingonsecondaryschooling

C.fiftypercentlessproductivethanspendingonsecondaryschooling

D.twenty-fivepercentlessproductivethanspendingonprimaryschooling

问题5选项

A.inCalcutta

B.insomepartsofAfricaandAsia

C.inthelastfiveyears

D.byreorientingthecurriculum

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章以教育问题和世界各国的教育差距引出话题,论述了基础教育的重要性,并将基础教育与其他教育阶段进行对比。文章列举说明了基础教育的重要性,强调落后国家应该对基础教育予以重视。因此,本题选择A项更为合适。

2.细节事实题。根据原文第六段Inindustrializedcountries,absoluteilliteracywaslargelyeradicatedhalfacenturyago;theyobtainonlytwopercentoftheworld'silliterate.‘Functionalilliteracy’,however,remainsinCanada.可知,在工业化国家,半个世纪前基本扫除了文盲;他们只占世界文盲人口的百分之二。然而,“功能性文盲”在加拿大仍然存在。说明即使是在加拿大这样的发达国家,文盲也是存在的。因此,D项“Infunctionaltermsinindustrializedcountries”是正确答案。

3.细节事实题。根据原文Buttradition,prejudicesandtheburdenofworktobedoneathomeensurethatdaughtersarepulledoutofschoolfirst.可知,由于传统和偏见等原因,女孩子不能享受教育资源,继续学业。因此,本题正确答案为C项。

4.细节事实题。根据原文Everydollarinvestedinprimaryschooleducation,accordingtoanotherWorldBankstudy,isfiftypercentmoreproductivethanoneinvestedinsecondaryschoolingandgivestwiceasmuchspentonuniversities.可知,世界银行的另一项研究表明,投入小学教育的每一美元,其生产率比投入中学教育的每一美元高出50%,是大学高等教育的两倍。所以对初等教育的投资更有利于扫除文盲。因此,D项表述符合原文内容。故正确答案为D项。

5.细节事实题。根据原文倒数第二段Zimbabwedoubleditsnumberofprimaryschools;Bangladeshhasopenedmorethan2,500basicvillageprimaryschools可知,津巴布韦的小学数量翻了一番,而孟加拉国已经开设了2500多所乡村小学。由此可知,非洲的津巴布韦和亚洲的孟加拉国都加大了对于基础教育的投资力度。因此,本题正确答案为B项。

6.单选题

Sheisalwayslookingfor(

)inwhatshewants.

问题1选项

A.novelty

B.token

C.horizon

D.fake

【答案】A

【解析】句意:她总是在她想要的东西中找寻新奇的东西。novelty指新奇的东西,符合句意,选项A正确。

7.单选题

Ithadhappened[A]toooftenthatthefarmerssoldtheirwheatsoonafterharvestwhenfarmdebtswerecomingdue,[B]onlytoseepricesrisingandspeculatorsgettingrich.Onvariousoccasions,producergroups[C]askedfirmercontrol,butthegovernmenthadnowishtobecomeinvolved,[D]atleastnotuntilwartimewhenwheatpricesthreatenedtorunwild.

问题1选项

A.toooften

B.onlytosee

C.askedfirmercontrol

D.atleastnotuntil

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。C选项处应表示“要求更严格的控制”,而只有askfor才表示“要求,请求”。应将asked改为askedfor。

8.单选题

Everymonththeoldcoupleputasidealittlesumofmoneywhich()urgentuse.

问题1选项

A.meansfor

B.meansto

C.ismeantfor

D.ismeantto

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。meanfor“对……意味着”;meanto“对……重要”;bemeantfor“为……做准备”;bemeantto“打算,意欲”。句意:这对夫妇每个月都会存一小笔钱,以备急需时用。选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Hardworkandmalnutrition(

)hishealthandhelookedthinandpale.

问题1选项

A.impaired

B.promoted

C.accelerated

D.smashed

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。impair“损害”;promote“促进”;accelerate“加速”;smash“击碎,撞击”。句意:繁重的工作以及营养不良损害了他的健康,他看起来瘦弱,脸色苍白。选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

Thegloomymyth-makersforeseeaworlddestroyedbyfloodsorfire,andahumanpopulation______bywar,starvationorinfectiousdiseases.

问题1选项

A.stagnated

B.suppressed

C.contrived

D.decimated

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项stagnate“停滞,淤塞,变萧条”,B项suppress“抑制,镇压,废止”,C项contrive“设计,发明,图谋”,D项decimate“大批杀害,大量毁灭,大大削弱”。根据worlddestroyedbyfloodsorfire“被洪水或火灾摧毁的世界”可知,humanpopulation______bywar填入decimated符合语境。句意:悲观的神话制造者预测世界将被洪水或火灾摧毁,人类将被战争、饥饿或传染病夺去生命。因此,该题选择D项正确。

11.单选题

Ithasbeensaidthatmanagementisascienceandthatleadershipisanart.Managementiscomprisedofconcrete,measurableskills:planning,organizing,directing,andcontrolling.Thumbthroughanymanagementtextbookandyou'llseespecificmodels,formulas,procedures,ortechniquesformonitoringandcontrollingperformanceoutput.Controllingproductivitythroughadherencetostandardsisthestock-in-tradeoftheeffectivemanager.It'snotalwaysaneasytask,andtalentedmanagersshouldbegiventhecredittheydeserveinhelpingtheirorganizationssucceed.Noorganizationcansurviveforverylong,letaloneearnanysortofsubstantialprofits,withoutsoundmanagement.Butmanagementaloneisnotenoughintoday'smarketplace.Itistherightbalance,acombinationofefficientmanagementandleadership,thateveryorganizationisseeking.

Justwhatisthenewmodelofleadershipforthe21stcentury?Itrevolvesaroundfiveabstractqualities.Managersmaypossesssomeoralloftheseabilitiestoonedegreeoranother,buttheseskillsaredistinctfromtheparticularqualitiesthatdefinemanagement.Tobetterunderstandhowleadershipandmanagementdiffer,let'sreviewthefiveleadershipcompetencies.

Self-masteryisthefoundationuponwhichaleader'scredibilityisbuiltandfromwhichaleader'simagewillevolve.Self-masteryinvolvesawareness,acknowledgment,andacceptance.It'saboutdiscoveringthequalitiesthatmakeyouspecialandunique.It'saboutyourowntalentsandabilities—yourpersonalareasofexcellence.Effectiveleaderscreateopportunitiestoshowcasetheirnaturalabilities.Theyuncovertheirpotentialtalentsbycontinuallystretchingthemselvesandpushingthemselvestotheirlimits.Atthesametime,however,thesuccessfulleaderacknowledgeshisorherlimitations.Toachievetrueself-masteryyoumustacceptyourself,includingyourfaults,totallyandunconditionally.

Visionisinmanywaystheheartandsoulofleadership.Whilethemanagermustdealwithissuesandproduceresultsonaday-to-daybasis,aleadermustfocusonboththepresentandthefuture.Themanager'sconcernistoday;theleaderhasavisionfortomorrow.Butsimplyhavingavisionisnotenough;youmustmakeothersbelieveinit,too.Putyourplansforthefuturebeforetheeyesandearsofthepeoplearoundyou.Whenotherpeoplebegintobuyintoyourvisionandmakeittheirown,goodthingsstarttohappen—andhappenquickly.Leadersturntheirvisionintorealitybyconstantlylettingothersknowwhat'sinitforthem.

“Personalpower”istheabilitytoinfluenceandpersuadeothers.Itisnottobeconfusedwith“positionpower”.Positionpowerisembeddedinhierarchical,organizationalstructure.Personalpowerisearned.Youdonotnecessarilyneedtohavedirectauthorityoverotherstodisplaypersonalpower.Infact,inthemostsuccessfulcompanies,leadershipexistsatalllevels.Developpersonalpowerbybeingdependable,followingthroughoncommitments,anddemonstratingconcernforthewelfareofothers.Peoplewillrecognizeyourpersonalpowerandlooktoyoufordirection.

Empowermentcompletesthesetofleadershipskills.Althoughithasbecomeabuzzwordinthe90's,leadershavebeenawareoftheconceptofempowermentthroughouttheages.Empowermentistheprocessbywhichaleaderenablesotherindividualstosuccessfullycompleteacertainjobortask.Itisatechniquethatallowsyoutodelegateresponsibilityfortasksthroughoutyourorganization,evenatthelowestlevels.Asaleader,itisinyourinteresttonurtureanddevelopindividualswhowillonedaytakeyourplace,somakeempowermentatoppriority.Empowermentinvolvesthreecriticalingredients:skills,confidence,andauthority.Evaluateyourfollowers'skillsandprovidetrainingtoimproveorenhancetheirabilities.Instillconfidenceinothersandraisetheirself-esteembymaintainingface-to-facecontactandofferingpraiseforajobwelldone.Furthermore,bestowauthorityontootherpeople,givingthemtherighttoexercisetheirbestpersonaljudgment.Trueleadersarealwayswillingtogivecredittoothersandacceptresponsibilityforfailure,whilesimultaneouslysupporting,encouraging,andempoweringtheirfollowers.Ifyoudoso,youwilldevelopanunshakabletrustbondwithothersinyourorganization,establishingyourowncredibilitywhileensuringresults.Noonecandenytheimportanceofgoodmanagementinasuccessfulorganization.Butgoodmanagementaloneisnolongerenough.Recognizingthedifferencebetweenmanagementandleadership,andstrikingthecorrectbalancebetweenthetwo,willprovidesubstantialdividendsinthelongrun.Managementwillgetyouthroughtoday;leadershipwillensureabettertomorrow.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout().

2.Whatistheheartandsoulofleadershipaccordingtothepassage?

3.Inparagraph1“stock-in-trade”means().

4.Accordingtothefourleadershipcompetencies,whichofthefollowingisnottheskillofaleader?

5.Formthispassage,welearnthat().

问题1选项

A.managementskills

B.leadershipprinciples

C.thequalitiesthatdefinemanagement

D.thedistinctionbetweenmanagementandleadership

问题2选项

A.Personalpower.

B.Self-mastery.

C.Vision.

D.Empowerment.

问题3选项

A.quality

B.usualtactics

C.credibility

D.responsibility

问题4选项

A.Dealingwithdailyissuesandproducingresults.

B.Recognizingthetalentsofothersandgivingthemtheknowledgeandthetoolstheyneedtosucceed.

C.Nurturinganddevelopingsuccessors.

D.Makingmacro-plansandensuringresults.

问题5选项

A.leadershipismoreimportantthanmanagement

B.agoodmanagermusthaveleadershipcompetencies

C.leadingandmanaginginvolvedistinctlydifferentsetsofskills

D.peoplewithexceptionalleadershipqualitiesareusuallyundeveloped

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1【选项释义】

1.Thepassageismainlyabout______.1.这篇文章主要是关于______。

A.managementskillsA.管理技能

B.leadershipprinciplesB.领导原则

C.thequalitiesthatdefinemanagementC.定义管理的品质

D.thedistinctionbetweenmanagementandleadershipD.管理和领导的区别

【答案】D

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】根据原文第一段的内容,我们可以找到两个关键词management(管理)和leadership(领导),最后两句指出“在今天的市场中,单靠管理是不够的。这是每个组织都在寻求的正确的平衡,有效管理和领导的结合。”;再根据第二段的最后一句“为了更好的理解领导力和管理之间的区别,让我们回顾一下这五种领导能力”,然后下面几段都是介绍这五种领导能力;由此可知,本文主要是讲领导力和管理之间的区别,所以D选项“管理和领导的区别”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】A项“管理技能”、B项“领导原则”和C项“定义管理的品质”都比较片面,属于以偏概全。

2.【选项释义】

2.Whatistheheartandsoulofleadershipaccordingtothepassage?2.根据文章,领导力的核心和灵魂是什么?

A.Personalpower.A.个人权力

B.Self-mastery.B.自制力

C.Vision.C.愿景

D.Empowerment.D.权利赋予

【答案】C

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第四段第一句“愿景(Vision)在很多方面都是领导力的核心和灵魂”可知,C项“愿景”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“个人权力”定位到原文第五段第一句“‘个人权力’(Personalpower)是影响和说服他人的能力。”可知个人权力不是领导力的核心和灵魂,属于张冠李戴;

B选项“自制力”定位到原文第三段第一句“自制力(Self-mastery)是领导者可信度建立的基础(thefoundation),领导者的形象也会因此而发展”可知自制力不是领导力的核心和灵魂,属于张冠李戴;

D选项“权利赋予”定位到最后一段第一句“权利赋予(Empowerment)完成了一套领导技能。”可知权利赋予不是领导力的核心和灵魂,属于张冠李戴。

3.【选项释义】

3.Inparagraph1“stock-in-trade”means______.3.第一段中,“stock-in-trade”指______。

A.qualityA.品质,质量

B.usualtacticsB.常用策略

C.credibilityC.可信性

D.responsibilityD.责任

【答案】B

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】根据关键词stock-in-trade定位至第一段第四句“通过遵守标准来控制生产力是高效的管理者的stock-in-trade”,从中可知,控制生产力是管理中的一个策略,所以推测stock-in-trade指的是“策略”,B项“常用策略”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】A项“品质,质量”、C项“可信性”和D项“责任”根据解题思路,这三项曲解原文。

4.【选项释义】

4.Accordingtothefourleadershipcompetencies,whichofthefollowingisnottheskillofaleader?4.根据四项领导能力,下列哪项不是领导者的技能?

A.Dealingwithdailyissuesandproducingresults.A.处理日常事务并得出结果。

B.Recognizingthetalentsofothersandgivingthemtheknowledgeandthetoolstheyneedtosucceed.B.认识到他人的才能,给予他们成功所需要的知识和工具。

C.Nurturinganddevelopingsuccessors.C.培育和发展接班人。

D.Makingmacro-plansandensuringresults.D.制定宏观规划,确保成果。

【答案】A

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第四段第二句“管理者必须处理问题并在日常基础上产生结果,而领导者必须关注现在和未来”可知,处理日常事务并得出结果是管理者需要做的事情,并非领导者,所以A项“处理日常事务并得出结果”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“认识到他人的才能,给予他们成功所需要的知识和工具”根据最后一段第七句“评估你的追随者的技能,并提供培训以提高他们的能力”可知,该项是领导者的技能,属于反向干扰;

C项“培育和发展接班人”根据第六段第五句“作为一名领导者,培养和发展那些有一天会取代你的人是你的利益所在,所以要把赋权放在首位”可知,该项是领导者的技能,属于反向干扰;

D项“制定宏观规划,确保成果”,根据第四段第五和第六句“把你未来的计划告诉你周围的人。当其他人开始接受你的愿景并将其变成自己的愿景时,好事就会开始发生——而且很快就会发生。”可知,该项是领导者的技能,属于反向干扰。

5.【选项释义】

5.Formthispassage,welearnthat______.5.从这篇文章,我们知道______。

A.leadershipismoreimportantthanmanagementA.领导力比管理更重要

B.agoodmanagermusthaveleadershipcompetenciesB.一个好的经理必须有领导能力

C.leadingandmanaginginvolvedistinctlydifferentsetsofskillsC.领导和管理涉及截然不同的技能

D.peoplewithexceptionalleadershipqualitiesareusuallyundevelopedD.具有非凡领导才能的人通常都没有得到发展

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】本文主要是讲领导力和管理之间的区别,通过对比两者之间的区别可以发现它们所涉及的技能截然不同,比如第四段第二三句指出“管理者必须处理问题并在日常基础上产生结果,而领导者必须关注现在和未来。经理关心的是今天;领导对明天有远见。”;且最后一段最后两句提出“认识到管理和领导之间的区别,并在两者之间取得正确的平衡,将长期提供实质性的红利。管理会帮你度过今天;领导力将确保一个更美好的明天。”,所以综合理解可知,领导和管理有不同的技能,C项“领导和管理涉及截然不同的技能”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“领导力比管理更重要”,原文并没有比较领导力和管理能力哪个更重要,该项无中生有;

B项“一个好的经理必须有领导能力”和D项“具有非凡领导才能的人通常都没有得到发展”在原文也没有提及,属于无中生有。

12.单选题

ManyCanadiansenjoytheluxuryofalargeamountoflivingspace.Canadaisvast,andthehomesarelargeaccordingtothestandardsofmanycounties.Even(1)innercitiesdonotreachtheextremesfoundinotherpartsofworld.

Canadiansappreciatethespaceandvaluetheirprivacy.Sincefamiliesaregenerallysmall,manyCanadianchildrenenjoytheluxuryoftheirownbedroom.Havingmorethanonebathroominahouseisalsoconsideredamodern(2).

ManyroomsinCanadianhomeshavespecializedfunctions.“Familyrooms”arepopularfeaturesinmodernhouses:theseare(3)“livingrooms”sincemanylivingroomshavebecomereservedforentertaining.Somehomeshaveformalandinformaldiningareas(4).

Recreationalhomesarealsopopular(5)Canadians.SomeCanadiansownsummerhomes,cottages,orcamps.Thesemay(6)fromasmallone-roomcabintoaluxuriousbuildingthatrivalsthecomfortsoftheregularresidence.Somecottagesarewinterizedforyear-rounduse.Cottagesofferpeoplethechanceto“getawayfromitall.”Theyaresopopularthatsummerweekendtrafficjamsarecommon,especiallyinlargecitiessuchasToronto,wherethenumberofpeopleleavingtownonFridaynightandreturningSundaymight(7)thehighwaysforhours.

Sometimes,livinginCanadameansnotonlyhavingprivacy,butalsobeingisolated.Mobilityhasbecomeapartofmodernlife:peopleoftendonotliveinoneplacelongenoughto(8)toknowtheirneighbors.Tenantslivetheirownlivesintheirapartmentsortownhouses.Eveninprivateresidentialareaswherethereissome(9)neighborhoodlifeisnotasclose-knitasitoncewas.Thereseemstobe(10)ofacommunalspirit.Lifetodayissohecticthatthereisoftenlittletime.

问题1选项

A.spacious

B.crowded

C.remote

D.deserted

问题2选项

A.convenience

B.comfort

C.architecture

D.taste

问题3选项

A.incommon

B.inparticular

C.inchief

D.infact

问题4选项

A.either

B.aswell

C.inturn

D.instead

问题5选项

A.to

B.in

C.with

D.for

问题6选项

A.transform

B.convert

C.range

D.shift

问题7选项

A.blocks

B.halts

C.cutsoff

D.keepsoff

问题8选项

A.become

B.come

C.get

D.grow

问题9选项

A.stability

B.mobility

C.reality

D.tranquility

问题10选项

A.bit

B.much

C.more

D.less

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:C

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:A

第10题:D

【解析】1.考查上下文语义。A选项spacious“宽敞的,广阔的;无边无际的”;B选项crowded“拥挤的;塞满的”;C选项remote“遥远的;偏僻的;疏远的”;D选项deserted“荒芜的;被遗弃的;无人居住的”。通过上下文可知文章是要强调加拿大家庭房屋面积很大,由此可推断这里要表达的意思是“即使是最拥挤的市中心……”,因此B选项正确。

2.考查名词辨析。A选项convenience“便利;厕所;便利的事物”;B选项comfort“安慰;舒适;安慰者”;C选项architecture“建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构”;D选项taste“味道;品味;审美”。句意:房子里有不止一个浴室也被认为是一种现代便利。因此A选项正确。

3.考查短语辨析。A选项incommon“共同的;共有的”;B选项inparticular“尤其,特别”;C选项inchief“主要地,尤其;在首席地位”;D选项infact“事实上,实际上”。句意:“Familyroom”是当代房屋的一个流行特色,这种房间实际上就是起居室,因为许多起居室都是用来招待客人的。因此D选项正确。

4.考查逻辑关系。A选项either“(两者中的)任何一个;(两者中的)每个;(用于否定句表示两者)都不”;B选项aswell“也;同样地;还不如;此外”;C选项inturn“反过来;转而;轮流,依次”;D选项instead“代替;反而;相反”。句意:一些家庭也有正式和非正式的用餐区。结合上文可知该句是对前文意义的递进,表示“另外,还有”,因此B选项正确。

5.考查固定搭配。bepopularwith“受……的欢迎”。句意:娱乐住宅也很受加拿大人的欢迎。因此C选项正确。

6.考查固定搭配。A选项transform“变换,改变;转化”;B选项convert“转变,变换;皈依;改变信仰”;C选项range“变动;平行,列为一行;延伸;漫游;射程达到”;D选项shift“转移;快速移动

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