考研考博-英语-北京财贸职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京财贸职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

InBritainpeople______morethanfourmilliontonsofpotatoeseveryyear.

问题1选项

A.swallow

B.dispose

C.consume

D.exhaust

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项swallow“忍受；吞没；吞下；咽下”；B选项dispose“安置，安排；使……倾向于做；使对……产生某种感觉；扔掉，清除；应付，处理；击败”；C选项consume“消耗，消费；使……着迷；挥霍；耗尽（多指资源、财力的消耗），毁灭；耗尽生命”；D选项exhaust“使筋疲力尽；耗尽（多指体力的耗尽）；彻底探讨；排出”。句意：在英国，人们每年要消耗400多万吨土豆。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Thedoctortoldthestudentsthata(n)（

）diseasewasonethatcouldbepassedfromonepersontoanother.

问题1选项

A.effective

B.infectious

C.coherent

D.inherent

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项effective“有效的，起作用的”；B选项infectious“传染的”；C选项coherent“连贯的，一致的”；D选项inherent“固有的，内在的”。

句意：医生告诉学生传染病是一种可以从一个人传染给另一个人的疾病。infectiousdisease意为“传染病”，所以选项B正确。

3.单选题

Withhisbrowsknitted,thedoctorcontemplatedthedifficultoperationhehadtoperform.

问题1选项

A.ucceededin

B.ecidedagainst

C.wentonwith

D.thoughtdeeplyabout

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生皱着眉头，……那个他要做的手术。succeedin“在……方面取得成功”；decideagainst“决定不”；goonwith“继续”；thinkdeeplyabout“深思”。根据“withhisbrowsknitted”可知医生正在思考，因此划线单词的意思是“沉思”，选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Abuildinghastwomainstructuralfunctions.Itmustshelterpeoplefromtheelementsanditmusttransmitallloadssafelytotheground.Loadsareoftwokinds,deadandlive.Deadloadsarethoseofthebuildingitself.Theyvaryindifferentpartsofthebuildingaccordingtotheheightsandmaterialsused.

Engineerscaneasilycalculatetheseloads,becausetheyknowtheweightsandpositionsofallthepartsofthebuilding.Liveloadsaretheweightsofthepeopleandthingsinthebuilding.Engineershavedoneresearchintoliveloadingsandhaveproducedstatisticsforallkindsofloads.Theyknow,forexample,thatthenormalfloorloadingofanofficebuildingisabout40poundsforeverysquarefoot.

Inmanycountries,thegreatestloadingsallowedarestatedinregulations.Whenauthoritiesapprovethedesignofanewbuilding,theymakesurethatthebuildingwillsafelytaketheloadsstated.Thecalculationsincludeasafetyfactorofthreeorfour—thatis,thestructureisthreeorfourtimesasitneededbetoavoidcollapse.Theextrastrengthallowsforoccasionaloverloadingandforsmallheavyloads,suchasanofficesafe.Theextrastrengthalsoallowsfordeteriorationofthestructure.

Thearchitectmustdesignthebuildingtostanduptowindpressures.AndinsomecountriessuchasJapan,thebuildingmustalsowithstandearthquakes.Earthquakescauseabnormalstressesinabuilding'sstructure,especiallyatthejointsbetweenbeamsandcolumns.

Themaintypesofstructureusedtosupportbuildingincludeload-bearingwalls,framesandtheshellstructures.Architectsmayusespace-framesandshellsforlargeone-flooredbuildings,suchasaircrafthangars,exhibitionhallsandswimming-pools.Thesestructurescanformwide-spanroofswithoutanycentralsupportpillars.Aspaceframeconsistsofarigidnetworkofmetalgirders.Ashellmaybeofconcreteorwood,formingahigharchedroof.Manyshellstructureshavebeautifulgeometricalshapes.

1.Anappropriatetitlefortheabovearticleshouldbe（

）.

2.Oneofthemainstructuralfunctionsofabuildingis

（

）.

3.Thesafetyfactorofabuildingmustbe

（

）.

4.arethemaintypesofstructuresusedtosupportbuildings

（

）.

5.Allthestressesarementionedinthepassageexcept（

）.

问题1选项

A.TheMethodsofConstruction

B.TheContractingSystem

C.ThePrinciplesofBuilding

D.ConstructingaLargeBuilding

问题2选项

A.toprovideshelterforpeopleatnight

B.totransmitallloadssafelytotheground

C.tostanduptowindpressure

D.toserveasakinddecorationinthecity

问题3选项

A.twiceasstrongasthewindpressuretoavoidcollapse

B.threeoffourtimesasstrongasitneededbetoavoidcollapse

C.explainedtotheresidentswholiveinthebuilding

D.reportedtothegovernmentuponcompletionofthebuilding

问题4选项

A.Wide-spanroofsandshellstructures

B.Pillarsandcolumns

C.Concretewallsandframes

D.Load-bearingwalls,framesandshellstructures

问题5选项

A.windpressures

B.stressescausedbyearthquakes

C.rainpressure

D.stressesofthebuildingitself

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文第一段指出建筑有两个主要的结构功能以及两种负载能力。下文接着讲到了建筑承重的问题，由此可以推断，本文主要讲的是建筑原则，选项C正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“Itmustshelterpeoplefromtheelementsanditmusttransmitallloadssafelytotheground.它必须为人们提供躲避恶劣天气的场所，并且必须将所有的货物安全运送到地面。”只有选项B符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段倒数第三句“thestructureisthreeorfourtimesasitneededbetoavoidcollapse.（建筑）结构是避免倒塌所需的三到四倍。”由此可知，选项B与原文表述一致，所以正确。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第一句“Themaintypesofstructureusedtosupportbuildingincludeload-bearingwalls,framesandtheshellstructures.支撑建筑物的主要结构类型包括承重墙、框架和壳体结构。”选项D符合原文。

5.判断推理题。根据第四段的一二句“Thearchitectmustdesignthebuildingtostanduptowindpressures.AndinsomecountriessuchasJapan,thebuildingmustalsowithstandearthquakes.建筑师必须设计出经得起风压的建筑物。在日本等一些国家，建筑物还必须经受起地震。”由此可知，选项A和B均有提及；根据第一段倒数第二句“Deadloadsarethoseofthebuildingitself.静载荷是建筑物本身的负载。”由此可知，选项D在文中也有提及。只有选项C没有提及，所以本题选C。

5.单选题

Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson'sage,sex,andbodytype.Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease,notamoralfailing.Itoccurswhenenergyintakeexceedstheamountofenergyexpendedovertime.Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedicationssuchassteroids(类固醇),thatcancauseweightgain.

Themoreapersonweighs,themorebloodvesselsthebodyneedstocirculatebloodthroughoutthebody.Thehearttakesonaheavyburdenashastopumphardertoforcethebloodflowthroughsomanyvessels.Asaresult;theheartgrowsinsizeandbloodpressuretendstorise.Obesityisalsoafactorinosteoarthritis(becauseoftheextraweightplacedonthejoints),boneandjointdiseases,respiratoryailments,gallbladderdisease,complicationsduringpregnancyanddelivery,andhigheraccidentaldeathrate.

Obesitycanalterhormonelevels,affectimmunefunction,andcauseimpotenceinmenandreproductiveproblemsinwomen.Womenwhoare30%overweightaretwiceaslikelytodieofendometrialcancer,andthosewhoare40%overweighthavefourtimestherisk.Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast,ovaries,andgallbladder.Obesemenaremorelikelytodevelopcancersoftherectum,colon,bladder,pancreas,stomach,andprostate.

Obesitycanalsocausepsychologicalproblems.Sufferersareassociatedwithlaziness,failure,orinadequatewillpower.Asaresult,overweightmenandwomenblamethemselvesforbeingheavy,thuscausingfeelingsofguiltanddepression.

ScientificevidencehasfoundanassociationbetweenBMI(bodymassindex)andhigherdeathrates.However,therelativeriskofbeingheavydeclineswithage.Someresearchershavefoundthatdatalinkingoverweightanddeathareinconclusive,whileotherresearchershavefoundthatlosingweightmayberiskierthandangersposedbyextrapounds.Someresearcherscounterthatoverweightindirectlycontributestoover300,000deathsayear.

ApollbyShapeUpAmericafoundthat78%ofoverweightorobeseadultshaveabandoneddietingasameansoflosingweight.Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes.

1.Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whydoesdietingnotresultinpermanentweightloss?

4.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedinParagraph5?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Obesityputsaburdenontheheart.

B.Manypeopleareconstantlydieting

C.Obesityisconsideredtobeadisease.

D.Obesitycanleadtomanyserioushealthproblems

问题2选项

A.obesityisoftenrelatedtomedicationssuchassteroids

B.obesitydoesnotaffectaperson'schanceofgettingcancer

C.adiagnosisofobesityisbasedonanormalweightforone'sage,sexandbodytype.

D.obesityisbecominglessofaproblemintoday'ssociety

问题3选项

A.Dietsdon'tteachpeoplegoodeatinghabits,

B.Dietsleadtopeople’sguiltanddepression

C.Therearetoomanydietsandeachhasdifferentrequirements.

D.Dietscausefeelingofdeprivation

问题4选项

A.Losingalotofweightisnotwiseforolderpeople.

B.Somesurgicalmethodsforweightlossarebetterthandieting.

C.Allobesepeopleneedtoshedtheirextrapounds.

D.Obesepeopleshouldconsulttheirdoctorsabouttheprosandconsoflosingweight

问题5选项

A.Obesityisnotamajorhealthrisk.

B.Scientistsagreeontheconnectionbetweenobesityanddeath.

C.Obesepeoplearelikelytobebiasedagainstbyothers

D.Obesepeopleoftenblameothersfortheirconditions.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。第一段主要说明了什么是肥胖及什么导致了肥胖，第二段至第五段讨论了肥胖会导致的各种健康问题，最后一段说明了减肥失败的原因。因此D项“肥胖会导致许多严重的健康问题”符合文章大意。

第2题:细节事实题。A:肥胖通常与类固醇等药物有关。第一段赞成：Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedicationssuchassteroids（类固醇），thatcancauseweightgain（只有在少数情况下，肥胖是由甲状腺功能减退等疾病或服用能导致体重增加的如类固醇药物造成的）。因此A项不符合原文所述。B:肥胖不会影响一个人得癌症的几率。第三段指出：Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast（肥胖女性也更容易患乳腺癌）。因此B项错误。C:肥胖的诊断是基于一个人的年龄、性别和体型的正常体重。第一段指出：Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson'sase,sex,andbodytype（肥胖一般被定义为脂肪的积累超过了就一个人的年龄、性别和体型而言被认为是正常的水平）。因此C项正确。D:在当今社会，肥胖已经不再是一个问题了。第一段指出：Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease（在当今社会，肥胖被认为是一种疾病）。因此D项不符合原文所述。本题选C。

第3题:细节事实题。最后一段指出：Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes（节食并不能教会人们如何正确饮食。他们只是暂时限制食物摄入，所以当饮食结束时，体重又会恢复增长）。因此A项正确。

第4题:判断推理题。A:对老年人来说，减肥是不明智的。B:有些手术减肥方法比节食减肥效果好。C:所有的肥胖者都需要减掉多余的体重。D:肥胖的人应该向医生咨询减肥的利与弊。第五段指出：而另一些研究人员发现，减肥可能比超重带来的危险更大。一些研究人员反驳说，超重每年间接导致30多万人死亡。由此推断，是否应减肥还应向医生咨询，故选D。

第5题:判断推理题。A:肥胖不是一个主要的健康风险。文章提及很多肥胖导致的健康问题，因此A项并不能被推断出。B:科学家们一致认为肥胖和死亡之间存在联系。第五段有指出：关于肥胖与死亡的关系，有很多不同观点，因此B项也不能被推断出。C:胖人有可能受到他人对自己的偏见。D:肥胖的人经常把自己的状况归咎于别人。第四段指出：（肥胖）患者被与懒惰、失败或意志力不足联系在一起。最后，超重的男人和女人责怪他们自己太重，从而导致内疚和沮丧的感觉。由此推断，C项正确，D项不正确。本题选C。

6.单选题

Thesegoodsaresoldatreducedprices,（）.

问题1选项

A.thedefectsarepointedouttothecustomers

B.thedefectspointedouttothecustomers

C.thedefectshavebeenpointedouttothecustomers

D.thedefectsbeingpointedouttothecustomers

【答案】D

【解析】考查独立主格结构。现在分词短语做状语，起补充说明的作用。选项A，B，C结构完整，如果放于句中缺少连词，所以选项D正确。

7.单选题

Ingeneral,matterswhichlieentirelywithinstatebordersarethe____concernofstategovernment.

问题1选项

A.extinct

B.excluding

C.excessive

D.exclusive

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析与上下文语义。A选项extinct“灭绝的”；B选项excluding“不包括”；C选项excessive“过多的，极度的”；D选项exclusive“独有的；排外的”。句意：一般来说，完全在州界内的事务是州政府的____关注。本句要表达的是，州界内的事务是州政府应该关注的事，D选项exclusive“独有的；排外的”最符合句意。B选项excluding是介词，原文缺少一个形容词，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

8.单选题

ThePlanningCommissionassertsthattheneededreductioninacutecarehospitalbedscanbestbeaccomplishedbyclosingthesmallerhospitals,mainlyvoluntaryandproprietary.Thisstrategyfollowsfromtheargumentthatclosingentireinstitutionssavesmoremoneythanclosingtheequivalentnumberofbedsscatteredthroughoutthehealthsystem.

Theissueisnotthesimple.Largerhospitalsgenerallyaredesignedtoprovidemorecomplexcare.Routinecareatlargehospitalscostsmorethanthesamecaregivenatsmallerhospitals.Therefore,closureofallthesmallhospitalswouldcommitthecitytopayingconsiderablymoreforinpatientcaredeliveredatacutecarehospitalsthanwouldbethecasewithamixtureoflargeandsmallinstitutions.Sincereimbursementratesatthelargehospitalsarenowbasedontotalcosts,payingthelargeinstitutionsalowerrateforroutinecarewouldsimplyraisetheratesforcomplexcarebyacomparableamount.Suchareimbursementrateadjustmentmightmakethechargesforeachindividualcasemoreaccuratelyreflecttheactualcosts,buttherewouldbenoreductioninthetotalcosts.

Thereissomeevidencethatgianthospitalsarenotthemostefficient.Serviceorganizations—andmedicalcareremainslargelyaserviceindustry―frequentlyfindthatsavingsofscalehaveanupperlimit.Similarly,thequalityofroutinecareintheverylargesthospitalsappearstobelessthanoptimum.Also,theconcentrationofallhospitalbedsinafewlocationsmayaffecttheaccesstocare.

Thussimplyclosingthesmallerhospitalswillnotnecessarilysavemoneyorimprovethequalityofcare.

Sincethefactremainsthattherearetoomanyacutecarehospitalbedsinthecity,theproblemistodeviseaproperstrategyforselectingandurgingtheclosureoftheexcessbeds,howevermanyitmayturnouttobe.

Theclosingofwholebuildingswithinlargemedicalcentershadmanyofthecostadvantagesofclosingthewholeofsmallinstitutions,becausethefixedcostscanalsobereducedinsuchcases.Unfortunately,manyoftheseparatebuildingsatmedicalcentersarespecialusefacilities,therelocationofwhichisextremelycostly.Still,asearchshouldbemadeforsuchopportunities.

Thecurrentlackofadequateambulatorycarefacilitiesraisesanotherpossibility.Somefloorsorotherlargecompactareasofhospitalscouldbetransferredfrominpatienttoambulatoryuses.Reimbursementofambulatoryservicesischaotic,buttheproblemisbeingaddressed.Theoverheadassociatedwiththeentirehospitalshouldnotbechargedevenproratetotheambulatoryfacilities.Evenifitwere,thetotalcostwouldprobablybelessthanthatofbuildingofanewfacility.Manyotherissueswouldalsoneedstudy,especiallythepotentialover-centralizationofambulatoryservices.

ThePlanningCommissionlanguageseemstoimplythatonereasonforclosingsmallerhospitalsisthattheyare“mainlyvoluntaryandproprietary”,thus,preservingthepublichospitalsystembymakingtherestofthehospitalsystemabsorbtheneededcuts.Itisimportanttopreservethepublichospitalsystemformanyreasons,buttheissueshouldbefaceddirectlyandnothiddenbehindargumentsabouthospitalsizeifindeedthatwasthemeaning.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（）.

2.ThePlanningCommissionisaccusedbytheauthorofbeing（）.

3.Theauthor’spurposeindiscussingambulatorycareisto（）.

4.Withwhichofthefollowingistheauthorleastlikelytoagree?

5.Howdoestheauthorfeelthathissuggestionsforclosinginpatientbedscouldimpactontheambulatorycaresystem?

问题1选项

A.MaintainingAdequateHospitalFacilities

B.DefendingthePublicHospitals

C.ProtectingtheProprietaryandVoluntaryHospitals

D.EconomicEfficiencyinHospitalBedClosings

问题2选项

A.unfair

B.foolish

C.shortsighted

D.ignorant

问题3选项

A.discussalternativestoclosinghospitalbeds

B.presentamethodofreducingthefiscaldisadvantagesofclosingonlypartsoflargerhospitals

C.helppreservethepublichospitalsystem

D.attacktheinefficientuseofspaceonlargerhospitals

问题4选项

A.Aproposaltosavecostsinaprisonsystembybuildingonlyverylargeprisoncomplexes.

B.Aplantostoptheclosingofanybedswhatsoeverinthecity,untilthecostsofvariousalternativescanbefullyconsidered.

C.Aproposalbyanarchitecturefirmthatnewhospitalbuildingshavecentralizedrecordsystem.

D.Amayoralcommissionbeingformedtostudytheplightoftheelderly.

问题5选项

A.Ambulatorycarecostswillprobablybereduced.

B.Areductionofhospitalbedswillincreasethedemandforambulatoryservices.

C.Smallerhospitalswillhavetocutbackambulatoryservicestostayfiscallyviable.

D.Theuseasambulatoryfacilitiesofthespacemadeavailableinlargehospitalsbybedclosingsmightresultinhavingtoomanyambulatoryservicesbasedinlargehospitals.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到原文首段主旨句“ThePlanningCommissionassertsthattheneededreductioninacutecarehospitalbedscanbestbeaccomplishedbyclosingthesmallerhospitals,mainlyvoluntaryandproprietary.”中文翻译为：规划委员会声称医院急症护理床位所需的减少能最好地通过关闭较小的医院（主要是慈善和私立医院）来完成。结合后文，D选项“医院床位关闭的经济效率”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】推理判断题。A:unfair“不公平的”；B:foolish“愚蠢的”；C:shortsighted“目光短浅的”；D:ignorant“无知的”。通读全文可知，规划委员会主张关闭一些小型医院，而作者分析了直接关闭一些小型医院这一方案存在的弊端，并提出了可供选择的合理的解决方法，因此判断出答案为C。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干关键词ambulatorycare可以定位到文章第七段“Thecurrentlackofadequateambulatorycarefacilitiesraisedanotherpossibility.”中文翻译为：目前合适的门诊医疗设备的缺乏提供了另外一种可能，以及原文第六段“Unfortunately,manyoftheseparatebuildingsatmedicalcentersarespecialusefacilities,therelocationofwhichisextremelycostly.Still,asearchshouldbemadeforsuchopportunities.”中文翻译为：不幸的是，医疗中心的很多独立的建筑都有其特殊的职能，改变这些建筑成本将会非常高。但还是需要去寻求这样的机会。可知答案为B项“提出减少仅仅关闭大医院中的部分区域的财政劣势的方法”。

4.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到文章第二段“Routinecareatlargehospitalscostsmorethanthesamecaregivenatsmallerhospitals.”中文翻译为：大医院的常规护理费用会高于小医院。”可以判断A项“一项通过只是修建超大型监狱综合设施来节省监狱系统成本的提议”和作者观点有悖，故选A。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可定位到原文倒数第二段“Manyotherissueswouldalsoneedstudy,especiallythepotentialover-centralizationofambulatoryservices.”中文翻译为：很多其他问题也需要研究，尤其是非卧床医疗服务的潜在过度集中。可知答案为D“将因关闭床位而在大医院空出来的空间用作流动性设施可能导致很多流动服务设立在大医院中”。

9.单选题

Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto（）ones.

问题1选项

A.turbulent

B.tragic

C.vulnerable

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。turbulent“动荡，湍流的”；tragic“悲剧的，悲痛的”；vulnerable“易受攻击的”；suspicious“可疑的，怀疑的”。句意：谣言到处都是,恐惧蔓延,损害的声誉,并让平静的情形陷入动荡中。A项符合题意。

10.单选题

Theseconddistinguishingcharacteristicofjazzisarhythmicdrivethatwas____called“hot”andlater“swing”.

问题1选项

A.shortly

B.initially

C.actually

D.literally

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.shortly立刻；短暂的B.initially起初

C.actually实际上D.literally简直；字面上

【考查点】句间逻辑

【解题思路】空格部分的内容为“____被叫作‘热’”，根据后文“后来（later）被叫作‘摇摆’”中later可知，该句表达的是前后变化，前者应为以前的名字，B选项initially“起初”符合原句逻辑。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原句逻辑。

【句意】爵士乐的第二个显著特征是一种节奏驱动，最开始称之为“热”，后来称为“摇摆”。

11.单选题

Lastnighthesawtwodark______enterthebuilding,andthentherewastheexplosion.

问题1选项

A.features

B.figures

C.sketches

D.images

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.features特征B.figures（代表数量，尤指官方资料中的）数字；人物；（隐约可见的）人影

C.sketches素描；速写D.images形象；印象

【答案】B

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据后半句“然后就发生了爆炸”可推知，大楼爆炸是人为的，所以dark______表示“黑色的人影”，故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】昨晚他看到两个黑影进入大楼，然后就发生了爆炸。

12.单选题

Courageouspeoplethinkquicklyandactwithouthesitation.

问题1选项

A.delay

B.anxiety

C.complaint

D.consideration

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.delay延迟B.anxiety焦虑

C.complaint抱怨D.consideration考虑

【考查点】句间逻辑

【解题思路】本句的对象是“勇敢的人”，and并列两个短语，前后语义应一致。前者为“思考迅速（thinkquickly）”，后者为“行动没有____”。根据前者“思考迅速”推断，后者应该是行动迅速，没有迟疑，原词hesitation“犹豫”，因此，A选项delay“延迟”与原词最接近。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合原文语义逻辑。

【句意】勇敢的人思考迅速，行动毫不犹豫。

13.单选题

Thedirectionswereso（）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

问题1选项

A.ingenious

B.notorious

C.ambitious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项ingenious“机灵的；心灵手巧的”；B选项notorious“声名狼藉的；臭名昭著的”；C选项ambitious“有雄心的；野心勃勃的”；D选项ambiguous“模糊不清的；模棱两可的”。句意：这些指示太不明确了，以致不可能完成任务。因此D选项符合题意。

14.单选题

CrowdcontrolcouldsoonbecomeacrucialskillforclimbersonMountEverest,asimportantasphysicalstrengthorwatchingtheweather.Inasingledaylastweek,nearly40peoplereachedthetopoftheworld—arecord.Reportssentbysatellitetelephonefrombasecampspokeofqueuesatdangerousridgesandcrowdedaspeoplepassedeachotherinthefinaldashforthe8,848meters(29,129ft)summit.

Moretraditionalmountaineerssneer(嘲笑)atthecircusatmospheresurroundingEverestinrecentyears,andtherearewarningsthatthecrowdsaremakingthemountainmoredangerous.Overcrowdinghasalreadytakenitstoll.In1996,14diedonthemountainwhenthemembersofseveralexpeditionsweretrappedathighaltitudesbysuddensnowstorm.BadweatherinearlyMayledtothisyear’sjamonthesummitridge,butthetoll,luckily,waslight.Justfourclimbersdied,includingaNepaliSherpawhohadmade11previoussuccessfulclimbing.

Traditionalistsarealsoworriedaboutthegrowingtendencyofexpeditionstosetrecordsandachieve“firsts”,ratherthansimplyclimbthemountain.Thisyear’scropofsummiteersincludedtheoldestman,64-year-oIdShermanBullfromConnecticut,andtheyoungest:16-year-oldTembaTsheriSherpaofNepal.AnAmericanwithonlyonearmwasonthemountainthisyear;anIndianwithnolegsalsotriedbuttonoavail.Inthemostspectacularfeat,ErikWeihenmeyer,anAmerican,becamethefirstblindpersontoreachthetopoftheworld.Hisfellowclimbersstayedinfrontofhimonthewayup,describingtheterrainandringingbells.

NepalviewsMountEverestassomethingofacashcow;thegovernmentchargesexpeditionsaminimumof$70,000.ThatisprobablywhyofficialsinKatmanduareignoringconcernsaboutovercrowdingandtalkingaboutevenmoreclimberscomingnextyear.Butacelebrationofthe48thanniversaryofthefirstconquestofEverest,bySirEdmundHillaryandSherpaTenzingNorgay,wascancelledafterviolentstrikes,calledbytheCommunistopposition.Retuningclimberswhothoughttheirchallengewasoverhadtowalkfromhoteltoairportsotheycouldflyhometotheusualtriumphalwelcome.TumultuousNepalipolitics,itseems,couldbejustthecrowd-controlmeasurethatEverestneeds.

1.WhatisimportanttoclimbersonMountEverest?

2.Moreaccidentshavehappenedinrecentyearsdueto（

）.

3.Severalsummiteersarementionedinthethirdparagraphtoshow

（

）.

4.TheattitudeoftheNepaligovernmenttowardthecircusatmosphereis

（

）.

5.AnanniversarycelebrationofthefirstconquestofEverestwascancelleddueto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Watchingtheweather.

B.Makingafinaldash.

C.Psychologicaladjustment.

D.Groupmanagement.

问题2选项

A.badgeographicalconditions

B.carelessnessoftheclimbers

C.overcrowding

D.snowstorms

问题3选项

A.theircourage

B.theirdiversity

C.theirgreatachievements

D.theircommonmotivation

问题4选项

A.indifferent

B.welcoming

C.worried

D.concerned

问题5选项

A.overcrowding

B.politicalreasons

C.thereturningoftheclimbers

D.thelackofcrowd-controlmeasure

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词importanttoclimbers定位到文章第一段中，由第一段第一句CrowdcontrolcouldsoonbecomeacrucialskillforclimbersonMountEverest,asimportantasphysicalstrengthorwatchingtheweather（人群控制很快就会成为珠穆朗玛峰登山者的一项关键技能，与身体素质和观察天气一样重要）可知身体素质与观察天气对登山者很重要，因此选A。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词accidents定位至文章第二段中，由第一段第一二句MoretraditionalmountaineerssneeratthecircusatmospheresurroundingEverestinrecentyears,andtherearewarningsthatthecrowdsaremakingthemountainmoredangerous.Overcrowdinghasalreadytakenitstoll.（近年来，越来越多的传统登山者嘲笑珠穆朗玛峰周围的气氛，并警告说，人群正在使珠穆朗玛峰变得更加危险。过度拥挤已经造成了损失）可知C选项“过度拥挤”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Traditionalistsarealsoworriedaboutthegrowingtendencyofexpeditionstosetrecordsandachieve“firsts”，ratherthansimplyclimbthemountain.（传统主义者也担心探险队越来越倾向于创造记录并取得“第一”，而不是简单地爬山）可推测后面所举的Severalsummiteers例子是为了说明他们的动机，因此选D。

4.观点态度题。“thecircusatmosphere（马戏团气氛）”暗指“人群拥挤”。根据题干关键词Nepali定位到文章最后一段中，由NepalviewsMountEverestassomethingofacashcow;thegovernmentchargesexpeditionsaminimumof$70,000.ThatisprobablywhyofficialsinKatmanduareignoringconcernsaboutovercrowdingandtalkingaboutevenmoreclimberscomingnextyear.（尼泊尔将珠穆朗玛峰视为摇钱树；政府对探险的收费最低为7万美元。这可能就是加德满都官员忽视了过度拥挤的担忧，并谈论明年将有更多登山者到来的原因）可知尼泊尔政府将珠穆朗玛峰当作赚钱的工具，对人群过度拥挤的问题视而不见，因此A选项“漠不关心的”符合题意。

5.推理判断题。根据题干关键词thefirstconquestofEverest定位到文章最后一段中，由Butacelebrationofthe48thanniversaryofthefirstconquestofEverest,bySirEdmundHillaryandSherpaTenzingNorgay,wascancelledafterviolentstrikes（但SirEdmundHillary和SherpaTenzingNorgay举行的第一次征服珠穆朗玛峰48周年纪念活动，在暴力袭击后被取消）和TumultuousNepalipolitics,itseems,couldbejustthecrowd-controlmeasurethatEverestneeds.（混乱的尼泊尔政治，似乎只是珠穆朗玛峰需要的人群控制措施）可知取消的原因是violentstrikes，结合本文一直提及的“人群拥挤”问题，可推测violentstrikes指的是“过度拥挤”，因此选A。

15.单选题

Therewasabigholeintheroadwhich（

）thetraffic.

问题1选项

A.setback

B.stoodback

C.heldup

D.keptdown

【答案】C

【解析】词组辨析题。setback推迟，使...受挫折；standback退后；holdup举起，阻挡，拦截；keepdown控制，镇压。

句意：路上有个大坑，阻碍了交通。选项C符合句意。

16.单选题

Themanager,（

）alettertohissecretary.

问题1选项

A.pledged

B.conveyed

C.surveyed

D.dictated

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。pledge意为“保证，誓言”；convey意为“传达，传递”；survey意为“调查”；dictate意为“口述”。

句意：经理向秘书口授一封信。

17.翻译题

(1)Inmanyofthecountriesstrugglingtofindenoughwaterfortheirpopulations,itisthegovernmentthatistoblame,notgeographyaccordingtoareportoutthisweek.

(2)SeveralrecentUNstudiesshowthatlackofwaterisholdingbackfoodproductionandeconomicdevelopmentinmoreandmoreregionsaroundtheworld.AccordingtotheUNEnvironmentProgram,athirdoftheplanetwillfacewatershortagesby2025.

ButCarolineSullivan,headofwaterpolicyandmanagementatBritain’sCentreforEcologyandHydrology(CEH)inWallingford,Oxfordshire,saystheseproblemsareoftenofacountry’sownmaking.(3)“Itiseasyforgovernmentstoblamegeographywhentheproblemisusuallytheirownfailings.”Shesays.Unlesstheyrealizethis,theywillhavenochanceofachievingthegoalagreedatthisyear’sWorldSummitofhalvingthenumberofpeoplewithoutaccesstocleandrinkingwaterby2015,sheadds.

SullivanisthechiefauthoroftheWaterPovertyIndex,publishedthisweekbytheCEHTheindex,whichwasputtogetherwithSullivan’scolleaguesatthewaterpolicythinktanktheWorldWaterCouncil,rankscountriesbyhowefficientlytheyconserve,useanddeliverwatertothosewhoneedit.

(4)Itrevealsasharpcontrastbetweencountriesthatmanagetheirwaterwellandthosethatdon’t.HaitiandtheDominicanRepublicsharethesameCaribbeanisland,andhavesimilarpopulationsandaccesstosimilaramountsofWater.YetwhiletheDominicanRepublicappearsinthetophalfoftheindex,Haitisufferslastoutofthe147countriesassessed.

Onereasonispoverty,butHaitihasalsochoppeddownitsforest,causing20%muchsoilerosionthatrainfallrunsintotheseainflashfloodsratherthansoakingintothesoilandsupplementingaquifers(地下蓄水层).

Notallrichnationsfarewellintheindex.(5)TheU.S.andJapancome32ndand36threspectively,largelybecausethewaytheycollectandusewateriswastefulanddamagestheenvironment.Australiaranked44th,whileBritainisin11thplace.“Therealcrisisisnottheamountofwater.It’s