考研考博-英语-南开大学考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南开大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

SheisoneofthefewpeoplehereIcanunderstandproperly,shepronouncesallherwordsso_______.

问题1选项

A.exactly

B.distinctly

C.distinctively

D.distinguishably

【答案】B

【解析】exactly精确地；distinctly明显地，清晰地；distinctively特殊地；distinguishably可区别地，辨认得出。句意：她是我能听懂的为数不多的几个人之一，她把所有的字都读得很清楚。

由题意可知，作者强调此人发音清晰，故选B。

2.单选题

AsmoreandmoreAfricanAmericansmovedawayfromsegregatedhousing,theyhadlessconnectiontothevernacularandmoreoccasiontospeakstandardAmericanEnglish.

问题1选项

A.restricted

B.isolated

C.outdated

D.exhausted

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.restricted限制，限定（数量、范围等）B.isolated（使）隔离，孤立

C.outdated（新东西）使过时D.exhausted使筋疲力尽

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】segregated的意思为“隔离并区别对待（不同种族、宗教或性别的人）”，这里指的是这些房屋和其他地方是隔离开的，非裔美国人就住在这片区域，isolated与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】随着越来越多的非裔美国人搬离被隔开的住房，他们与当地方言的联系越来越少，在更多场合中说标准的美式英语。

3.问答题

Amongtheprincipalchallengestosustainedgrowthofinternationaleconomicrelationsisthe

A

risenprotectionism,especiallyinnewandvirulentformsthatthreatenthealwaysfragilegrowth

B

C

D

oftradebetweencountriesatalllevelsofdevelopment.

【答案】试题答案：B;rising

【解析】考查形容词辨析。risen意为“升起的”，rising意为“上升的”，此处表示指上升的保护主义。

4.单选题

Theskierswouldrather（

）throughthemountainsthangobybus.

问题1选项

A.totravelbytrain

B.traveledbytrain

C.travelbytrain

D.travelingbytrain

【答案】C

【解析】句意:这些滑雪者宁可坐火车穿越群山而不愿意坐公交。

考查固定搭配。wouldratherdosth.宁愿、宁可、最好…。

5.单选题

ClintondeniedthemoreseriousallegationsthathehadliedunderoathabouttherelationshipandhadentreatedLewinskytodothesame.

问题1选项

A.pleaded

B.flattered

C.deceived

D.scared

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.pleaded乞求，恳求B.flattered奉承，讨好

C.deceived欺骗，蒙骗D.scared惊吓，使害怕

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】entreated的意思为“恳求，乞求”，指的是克林顿恳求莱温斯基同他一起在两人的关系上撒谎，pleaded与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】克林顿否认了更严重的指控，即他在宣誓后就两人的关系撒了谎，并恳求莱温斯基也这样做。

6.填空题

MrAmescan’tcometothephone.He’stalkingtoaclientatthe（1）.

Couldyoucall（2）

（3）twentyminutes?

【答案】1.moment

2.back

3.in

【解析】1.固定搭配。Atthemoment现在。

2.固定搭配。Callback回电话。

3.语义题。此处表示二十分钟后。

7.单选题

He（）spendshisholidaysinthemountainsthoughoccasionallyhegoestotheseasideinstead.

问题1选项

A.usually

B.constantly

C.invariably

D.always

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项usually“通常，经常”，表示频率高，允许有例外；B选项constantly“不断地；时常地”，表示一个动作不断发生，一成不变；C选项invariably“总是，不变地，一如既往的”，表示一成不变的持续动作；D选项always“总是，常常”，频度为100%，表示动作重复、状态继续、中间没有间断。句意：他通常在山里度假，但偶尔去海边。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。

8.单选题

PeoplewhovisitmyofficeatChryslerareoftensurprisedthatIdon’thaveacomputerterminalonmydesk.Maybetheyforgetthateverythingthatcomesoutofa（1）,somebodyhastoputin.Thebiggest（2）facingAmericanbusinesstodayisthatmostmanagershavetoo（3）information.Itdazzlesthem,andtheydon’tknowwhattodo（4）itall.

Thekey（5）successisnotinformation.It’s（6）.AndthekindofpeopleI（7）fortofilltopmanagementspotsaretheeagerbeavers.Thesearetheguyswhotrytodo（8）thantheyarcexpected（9）.They’realwaysreaching.Andreachingouttothepeopletheywork（10）tryingtohelpthem（11）theirjobsbetter.That’sthe（12）theyarebuilt.

Thentherearetheotherguys,thenine-to-fivegang.Theyjustwanttogetalongandbetold（13）todo.Theysay:“1don’twanttobe（14）theratrace.Itmight（15）myheartbeat.”

Justbecauseyou（16）involvedandexcitedandreallytearintothingsdoesn’tmeanyou'll（17）ofhypertensionnextweek!

SoItrytolookforpeople（18）thatdrive.Youdon’tneed（19）.Withtwenty-fiveoftheseguys,Icould（20）thegovernmentoftheUnitedStates.

问题1选项

A.television

B.telephone

C.computer

D.cellphone

问题2选项

A.problem

B.matter

C.accident

D.incident

问题3选项

A.many

B.few

C.little

D.much

问题4选项

A.about

B.with

C.of

D.for

问题5选项

A.of

B.to

C.for

D.with

问题6选项

A.myself

B.people

C.themselves

D.itself

问题7选项

A.look

B.like

C.hope

D.wait

问题8选项

A.many

B.much

C.more

D.less

问题9选项

A.for

B.about

C.of

D.to

问题10选项

A.with

B.for

C.to

D.near

问题11选项

A.did

B.have

C.do

D.had

问题12选项

A.transaction

B.relationship

C.business

D.way

问题13选项

A.what

B.how

C.next

D.it

问题14选项

A.of

B.for

C.in

D.into

问题15选项

A.make

B.affect

C.let

D.cause

问题16选项

A.have

B.had

C.got

D.get

问题17选项

A.catch

B.infect

C.fall

D.die

问题18选项

A.with

B.without

C.inside

D.outside

问题19选项

A.them

B.him

C.many

D.much

问题20选项

A.drive

B.run

C.walk

D.fight

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:D

第10题:A

第11题:C

第12题:D

第13题:A

第14题:C

第15题:B

第16题:D

第17题:D

第18题:A

第19题:C

第20题:B

【解析】1.考查名词辨析。television“电视”;telephone“电话”；computer“电脑”；cellphone“手机”。由上文提示“Ihadn'thaveacomputerterminalonmydesk可知C项正确。

2.考查名词辨析。problem“难题”；matter“事情：问题”；accident“事故”；incident“事件”。由“Itdazzlesthem它（即信息）让他们眼花缭乱”可知此空表明美国商业如今遇到的难题，故A项正确。

3.考查形容词辨析。由下文的“Itdazzlesthem”“信息使他们眼花缭乱”可知信息应该是非常多，information为不可数名词，故选择much修饰，故D项正确。

4.考查固定搭配。dowith处理；句意：这些信息使他们眼花缭乱，他们不知道如何处理。

5.考查固定搭配。keyto…“…的关键”。

6.考查逻辑关系。由下文的“AndthekindofpeopleI…可知，成功的关键不在信息，而在于人，故B项正确。

7.考查固定搭配。lookfor“寻找”；hopefor“希望，期待”；waitfor“等待”。由下文“tofilltopmanagementspotsaretheeagerbeavers填补高层管理职位”知这里应该是寻找这类人才，故A项正确。

8.考查形容词辨析。many修饰可数名词；much修饰不可数名词；more和less用于比较级。由上文“eagerbeavers工作勤奋认真的人”可知，他们应该做比预期更多的事情，故C项正确。

9.考查介词辨析。expecttodosth，期待做某事。

10.考查介词辨析。根据空前的“thepeoplethey...”知，应该是和他们一起工作的人，即workwith，故A项正确。

11.考查固定搭配。helpsb.dosth.“帮助某人做某事”。

12.考查名词辨析。transaction“交易”；relationship“关系”;business“生意”；way“方式”。上文讲述的是这些人工作的方式，故D项正确。

13.考查引导词。由上文的“thenine-to-fivegang按时上下班的一些人和getalong混日子”可推知这些人应该是别人说什么就做什么。what表内容，故A项正确。

14.考查介词辨析。intheratrace在激烈的竞争里

15.考查动词辨析。make“制作;使得”；affect“影响”；let“让”;cause“造成”。根据上文“我不想处于这场激烈竞争中”可推知激烈竞争会影响我的心跳。故B项正确。

16.考查时态。本文全篇都用的一般现在时，getinvolved投入工作中。故D项正确。

17.考查固定搭配。dieof“死于，句意：并不意味着你下周会死于高血压。

18.考查介词辨析。根据上文的描述知，作者寻找的是拥有那种干劲的人，故A项正确。

19.考查逻辑关系。由下文“Withtwenty-fiveoftheseguys可知这里指代“你不需要那么多（人）”，故C项正确。

20.考查动词辨析。drive“开车”；run“管理；经营;运行”；walk“走”;fight“斗争；反对”。此句句意应为25个人就能使美国政府运行。

9.单选题

DrMeekwrote:“Asistruewithmostanimals,thewolfisanopportunistwhilstthedeerisoneoftheshyest（）animalsinexistence.”

问题1选项

A.savage

B.tame

C.wild

D.strange

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。选项A：savage“野蛮的，残酷的，狂怒的；荒凉的”;选项B:tame“驯服的，顺从的”；选项C:wild“野生的，野蛮的”；选项D：strange意为“奇怪的，陌生的”。根据题干意思，选项C更切合题意，正确。句意：Meek博士写道:“就像大多数动物一样，狼是机会主义者，而鹿是世界上最害羞的野生动物之一。”

10.单选题

Mostcharismatic（有魅力的）leadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes（趣闻轶事）.Message-sendinganecdotesrelatetosuchsubjectsasacompanypresidentgoingoutofhiswaytohelpanindividualcustomer,oralower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities.Inthelatterinstance,areceptionistatIBMdeniedadmissiontothecompanychairman,TomWatson,becausehewasnotwearingasecuritybadge.Insteadoffiringtheyoungwoman,Watsonpraisedherdevotiontoduty.

Severalyearsago,theFordMotorCompanyannouncedfar-reachingchangesthatwouldaffecthowcarsweremanufacturedandhowemployeeswouldworktogether.AseniorFordexecutivewaschosentodelivertheclosingremarkstoagroupof300Fordmanagersgatheredtolearnaboutthechanges.

Towardthecloseofthespeech,theexecutivetoldastoryaboutWillieB.,agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo.Hesaidthathehadraisedmoneyforastate-of-the-artgorillahabitat.WillieB.,forthefirsttimeinhislife,wouldnowliveinagorilla-friendly,close-to-natureenvironment.Yetsomehow,WillieB.wasslowtoadapttohisnewenvironment.

Ittookthegorillaseveraldaystofullyexplorehisnewhabitat.AphotographercaughtthemomentwhenWillieB.testedthegrasswithatoe.TheFordexecutivehangsaframedphotographofthisincidentinhisoffice.“It'sthere,”hesaid,“toremindmethatnomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace—evenanuglycramped（狭窄的）spacethatyouknowwell.”

Atthemomentthemeetingended,meetingparticipantscameovertothespeakertoexpresshowmuchthespeechhadtouchedthem.Thestoryaboutthegorillabroughttearstotheeyesofmany.Ofsignificancetotheorganization,manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecoiningchangesweregoingtobeforemployees.

Becominganeffectivestorytellerrequirespractice.However,theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability.Createausefulanecdotefileofyourown.Collectanecdotesaboutthingsyouobservepersonally,thoseyouhearfromothers,andthoseyoureadinbooks,magazines,andnewsletters.Anecdotescanalsobefoundinbooksandnewslettersaboutspeechmaking.Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences.

1.WhydidTomWatsonpraisethefemaleemployeeinthesecondexamplecitedinthefirstparagraph?

2.ThelifeofWillieB.usedtobe（

）.

3.ThestoryofWillieB.showsthat

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

5.WecansafelyconcludefromthepassagethattheFordseniorexecutive（

）.

问题1选项

A.Becauseshealwaysreceivesthecompanychairmanwarmly.

B.Becauseshedefied,lower-rankingemployees.

C.Becauseshewasaresponsibleemployee.

D.Becausesheneverforgetstowearasecuritybadge.

问题2选项

A.interesting

B.morecomfortable

C.closetonature

D.isolated

问题3选项

A.ittakestimeandcouragetofaceandadapttoanewenvironment

B.animalsarequitereluctanttochangetheirhabitats

C.WillieB.likestotestgrasswithonetoe

D.peoplearealwaysreadytomeetthedifficultiesresultingfromchanges

问题4选项

A.Manyacharismaticleadertendstomakethemostofanecdotesandstories.

B.Itisalwaysagoodideatocollectanecdotesthatarewidelyused.

C.Personalmagnetismisbuiltupbyreadingbooks,magazinesandnewsletters.

D.Tobecomeaneffectivestory-telleronehasonlytocreateausefulanecdotefile.

问题5选项

A.wasaneffectiveleaderwhoalwaystoldstoriestohisemployees

B.wasapersonwhooftencitedwidely-usedanecdotestoinfluenceothers

C.wasabletohelpmeetingparticipantsunderstandthecomingchangesbetter

D.alwaysusedanecdotestohelpemployeesunderstandcompanypolicies

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段第二句指出:...alower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities(一个低职位员工违抗高级别领导，是为了履行其工作职贵),由此可知答案选C“因为她是一个有责任心的员工”。

2.细节事实题。第三段指出:...agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo(在亚特兰大一个被隔离且沉闷的动物园内生活27年的大猩猩),可知D项“隔离的”正确。

3.判断推理题。第四段:nomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace(无论新环境多么有吸引力，都得花时间，且需要勇气离开舒适安全的地方)。由此可知选A项“面对与适应新的环境是花时间且需要勇气的”。

4.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句Mostcharismaticleadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes(大部分有魅力的领导人都懂得充分利用轶事)推断A项“许多有魅力的领导会充分利用各类奇闻轶事与故事”正确。根据文章最后一句话Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences(尽量排除那些被广泛引用的轶事，因为它们会让听众感到乏味)推断B“收集被广泛运用的轶事是一个很不错的主意”与原文不符。根据文章最后一段的theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability(这项技能是非常值得学习的，因为它能帮助打造个人魅力和领导才能)推断C项“通过阅读书籍、杂志和时事新闻，可以打造个人魅力”与原文不符。文章并没有说要想成为一个高效的讲故事者，只需制作一个有用的奇闻轶事记录册。故D项没有根据。因此选A。

5.判断推理题。第二段指出:manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecomingchangesweregoingtobeforemployees(在离会时很多人可能都了解了接下来的改变对员工来说意味着多大的困难),因此C项“能够帮助与会人员更好理解即将到来的变化”正确。而A项“是个高效率的领导，且习惯于向员工讲故事”和B项“是个经常喜欢引经据典影响他人的人”在原文中并没有体现。D项“习惯于引经据典帮助员工理解公司政策的人”,文章中也找不到根据。

11.单选题

Architectsarehopelesswhenitcomestodecidingwhetherthepublicwillviewtheirdesignsasmarvelsormonstrosities,accordingtoastudybyCanadianpsychologists.Theysaydesignersshouldgobacktoschooltolearnaboutordinarypeople’stastes.

Manybuildingsthatappealtoarchitectsgetthethumbsdownfromthepublic.RobertGiffordoftheUniversityofVictoriainBritishColumbiadecidedtofindoutwhetherarchitectsunderstandpublicpreferencesandsimplydisagreewiththem,orfailtounderstandthelayperson’sview.

WithhiscolleagueGrahamBrown,heasked25experiencedarchitectstolookatphotosof42largebuildingintheUS,Canada,EuropeandHongKong.Thearchitectspredictedhowthepublicwouldratethebuildingonascaleof1to10,where1represented“terrible”and10“excellent”.Afurther27peoplewhowerenotarchitectsalsoscoredthebuildingsoutof10.Inaddition,eightarchitectsgavetheirownpersonalratingsofthebuildings.

Thethreegroupstendedtoagreeamongthemselvesonabuilding’smerits.Andarchitectscorrectlypredictedthatlaypeoplewouldonaverageratebuildingshigherthantheydidthemselves.Butforindividualbuildings,thearchitects’perceptionsofwhatthelaypeoplewouldthinkwereoftenwayoffthemark.“Somearchitectsarequitegoodatpredictinglaypreferences,butothersarenotonlypooratit,theygetitbackwards.”SaysGifford.

Forinstance,architectsgavetheStockleyParkBuildingB-3officesinLondonamoderateratingof5.2.Theythoughtthepublicwouldlikeitmuchbetter,predictingaratingof6.3.Butthepublicactuallydislikedtheoffices,andgaveit4.7.Giffordthinksthatlaypeoplerespondtospecificfeaturesofbuildings,suchasdurabilityandoriginality,andhopestopindownwhattheyare.

“Architectsinarchitectureschoolneedtobetaughthowlaypeoplethinkaboutbuildings,”Giffordconcludes.Hedoesn’tthinkdesignersshouldpandertothelowestcommondenominator,butsuggeststheyshouldaspiretowardsbuildingsthatappealtothepublicandarchitectsalike,suchastheBankofChinabuildinginHongKong.

MarcoGoldschmidtoftheRichardRogersPartnership,designersoftheMillenniumDomeinLondon,thinksthestudyisflawed.“Theauthorshaveassumed,wrongly,thatbuildingscanbemeaningfullyjudgedfromphotographsratherthanactualvisits,”hesays.Goldschmidtthinkitwouldbemoresignificantandinterestingtolookatthedivergenceofpublictastebetweengenerations.

1.Whatdosethefirstparagraphofthispassageimply?

2.Throughhisstudy,RobertGiffordfoundthat（

）.

3.FromthepassagewecanlearnthattheBankofChinabuildinginHongKong（

）.

4.MarcoGoldschmidtthinksthatGifford’sstudyisflawedbecause（

）.

5.Whatdosethepassagemainlydealwith?

问题1选项

A.Architectshaveadarkfutureindesigningmarvelousbuildings.

B.Architectsdon'tcareabouthowordinarypeopleviewtheirdesigns.

C.Itisverydifficultforarchitectstopleasethegeneralpublic.

D.Architectsdon'tknowmuchaboutthepublictastesforbuildings.

问题2选项

A.thethreegroupshadsimilarresponsestothephotosof42largebuildings

B.thearchitectsgenerallyratedbuildingslowerthanlaypeople

C.thearchitectspredictedpreciselythepreferencesoflaypeople

D.noarchitectcouldpredictthepublictastestowardsbuildingsaccurately

问题3选项

A.panderstothelowestcommondenominator

B.getsalowratefromthearchitects

C.appealstothepublicaswellasthearchitects

D.givesthearchitectsalotofaspiration

问题4选项

A.itusesphotosinsteadofactualvisits

B.itignoresthepublictastesbetweengenerations.

C.itlacksthenecessarysignificanceandinterests

D.itdoesn'ttakeintoaccountthedifferenceswithinthepublic

问题5选项

A.Howtodesignattractivebuildings.

B.Architectsneedtounderstandpublictastes.

C.Howlaypeopleviewbuildings.

D.Differenttastesbetweenarchitectsandthepublic.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段的最后一句“Theysaydesignersshouldgobacktoschooltolearnaboutordinarypeople'stastes.”公众认为设计师应该回到学校去了解普通人的品味，由此说明，设计师很难取悦大众。选项C符合原文。

2.根据第四段的第一句“Thethreegroupstendedtoagreeamongthemselvesonabuilding'smerits.”可知选项A正确；根据第四段的第三句“Butforindividualbuildings,thearchitects’perceptionsofwhatthelaypeoplewouldthinkwereoftenwayoffthemark.”可知选项B和C错误；根据第四段的最后一句“Somearchitectsarequitegoodatpredictinglaypreferences,butothersarenotonlypooratit,theygetitbackwards.”可知选项D错误。

3.根据关键词“BankofChinabuildinginHongKong”定位到倒数第二段，Gifford认为建筑学校的建筑师需要学习外行人如何看待建筑。他不认为设计师应该迎合最低标准，但建议他们应该追求吸引公众和建筑师的建筑，比如香港的中国银行大厦。选项D符合原文。

4.根据最后一段的最后一句“Goldschmidtthinkitwouldbemoresignificantandinterestingtolookatthedivergenceofpublictastebetweengenerations.”选项B符合原文。

5.结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲建筑师和公众对建筑不同的看法。选项D正确。

12.单选题

TheradicaltransformationofSovietsocietyhadaprofoundimpactonwomen’slives.Marxistshadtraditionallybelievedthatbothcapitalismandthemiddleclasshusbandexploitedwomen.TheRussianRevolutionof1917immediatelyproclaimedcompleteequalityofrightsforwomen.Inthe1920sdivorceandabortionweremadeeasilyavailable,andwomenwereurgedtoworkoutsidethehomeandliberatethemselvessexually.AfterStalincametopower,sexualandfamilialliberationwasplayeddown,andthemostlastingchangesforwomeninvolvedworkandeducation.

Thesechangesweretrulyrevolutionary.Youngwomenwereconstantlytoldthattheyhadtobeequaltomen,thattheycouldandshoulddoeverythingmencoulddo.PeasantwomeninRussiahadlongexperiencedtheequalityofbackbreakingphysicallaborinthecountryside,andtheycontinuedtoenjoythatequalityoncollectivefarms.Withtheadventofthefive-year-plans,millionsofwomenalsobegantotoilinfactoriesandinheavyconstruction,buildingdams,roadsandsteelmillsinsummerheatandwinterfrost.Mostoftheopportunitiesopentomenthrougheducationwerealsoopentowomen.Determinedwomenpursuedtheirstudiesandenteredtheranksofthebetter-paidspecialistsinindustryandscience.Medicinepracticallybecameawoman’sprofession.By1950,75percentofdoctorsontheSovietUnionwerewomen.

ThusStalinistsocietygavewomengreatopportunitiesbutdemandedgreatsacrificesaswell.Thevastmajorityofwomensimplyhadtoworkoutsidethehome.Wagesweresolowthatitwasalmostimpossibleforafamilyorcoupletoliveonlyonthehusband’searning.Moreover,thefull-timeworkingwomanhadaheavyburdenofhouseholdtasksinheroffhours,formostSovietmeninthe1930sstillconsideredthehomeandthechildrenthewoman’sresponsibility.Mencontinuedtomonopolizethebestjobs.Finally,rapidchangeandeconomichardshipledtomanybrokenfamilies,creatingfurtherphysical,emotional,andmentalstrainsforwomen.Inanyevent,theoften-neglectedhumanresourceofwomenwasruthlesslymobilizedinStalinistsociety.This,too,wasanaspectoftheSoviettotalitarianstate.

1.ThemainideaofthispassageisthatwomeninStalinistsociety（）.

2.Inthispassage,tomonopolizemeansto（）.

3.Inthispassage,mobilizedmeans（）.

4.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassageisto（）.

5.Theoverallorganizationalpatternofthispassageis（）.

6.Howaretheideaswithinthefollowingsentencerelated?“Moreover,thefull-timeworkingwomanhadaheavyburdenofhouseholdtasksheroffhours,formostSovietmeninthe1930sstillconsideredthehomeandthechildrenthewoman’sresponsibility.”

7.Theauthor’stoneinthispassagecanbestbedescribedas（）.

问题1选项

A.hadeconomicopportunitiesthathadneverbeenavailablebefore

B.haddifficultybalancingtheirworkandfamilyresponsibilities

C.hadnewopportunitiesbutalsomanyhardships.

D.movedquicklyintothehighestlevelsofgovernment

问题2选项

A.hold

B.earn

C.leave

D.pay

问题3选项

A.punished

B.paid

C.fought

D.used

问题4选项

A.comparedifferentsystemsofgovernment

B.tellaninterestingstory

C.amusethereader

D.provideinformation

问题5选项

A.definition

B.example/illustration

C.chronologicalorder

D.comparison/contrast

问题6选项

A.cause/effect

B.division/classification

C.summary

D.sequence/process

问题7选项

A.disapproving

B.emotional

C.objective

D.sympathetic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:A

第7题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文第三段第一句为本文主旨句。“ThusStalinistsocietygavewomengreatopportunitiesbutdemandedgreatsacrificesaswell.”斯大林主义社会给了女性巨大的机会，但也要求她们做出巨大的牺牲。选项C符合原文主旨。

2.词汇题。根据关键词“monopolize”定位到第三段倒数第三句“Mencontinuedtomonopolizethebestjobs.”原文指男性继续垄断着最好的工作。选项A“拥有”最能替代原文中的“monopolize”，所以正确。

3.词汇题。根据关键词“monopolize”定位到第三段倒数第二句“Inanyevent,theoften-neglectedhumanresourceofwomenwasruthlesslymobilizedinStalinistsociety.”无论如何，经常被忽视的女性人力资源在斯大林社会被无情地使用。能与“humanresource”搭配使用且符合原文意思的只有选项D。

4.主旨大意题。根据原文可知，本文并没有比较不同的政府体制，所以选项A错误；本文也不是在讲述有趣的故事和娱乐读者，所以选项B和C均错误；只有选项D提供信息正确。

5.细节事实题。根据原文可知，文中出现了很多时间的关键词，并详细讲述了当时的情况，所以本文主要是按照时间顺序来写的。选项C正确。

6.推理判断题。句意：此外，全职工作的妇女在业余时间有沉重的家务负担，因为在20世纪30年代，大多数苏联男人仍然认为家庭和孩子是妇女的责任。这句话前后构成因果关系，根据关键词“for”也可知选项A正确。cause/effect“因果关系”；division/classification“分类”，summary“总结”，sequence/process“过程”。所以选项A正确。

7.观点态度类。结合文章内容可知，作者是在陈述事实，并未带有个人主义色彩的词出现，所以作者的态度是客观公正的，选项C正确。

13.单选题

Youcouldrefuseto_______yourSocialSecuritynumberexceptforSocialSecuritypurposes,whichisallthatthelawrequires.

问题1选项

A.expound

B.divulge

C.apprehend

D.unriddle

【答案】B

【解析】expound详细说明,解释;divulge泄露,暴露;apprehend领会,理解;unriddle阐明。句意：你可以拒绝透露你的社会保险号，除非是出于社会保障的目的，这是法律的规定。选项B符合句意。

14.单选题

Aslongaswedon’tloseheart,Ibelievewecanachieveourgoal（

）.

问题1选项

A.inthelongrun

B.inthefirstplace

C.onthewhole

D.atleast

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词词组辨析。inthelongrun“从长远来看；最终”；inthefirstplace“首先;起初”；onthewhole“基本上；就全体而论”；atleast“至少”。句意：只要我们不失去信心，那么我相信我们最终可以达成我们的目标。选项A符合题意。

15.填空题

Ihave（1）goodnewsforyou:Johnhas（2）tobuyyouroldmotorcycle.

【答案】1.some

2.decided

【解析】1.语义题。句意:告诉你一些好消息。

2.固定搭配。Decidetodo决定…。

16.单选题

Designatingthisbook(HandbookofPersonalityPsychology)a“handbook”isatonceaccurateandpossiblyunfortunate.Handbooksarefrequentlyratherdrearyaffairs,occasionallyusefulassourcesandforcitationbutscarcelyworthreading.

Infact,thisbookishighlyinterestingandreadable,comprehensiveandauthoritative.Thedomainofpersonalityiscoveredalmostcompletely,andthematerialisquiteuptodate.Thisbookisnotacollectionofpreviouslypublishedoronlyslightlyreworkedpapers.Itgivesclearindicationofthecarefulthoughttheeditorsgavetoitsplanningandtheirfirmcontroloveritswriting.Tobeginwith,itiswhollyrefreshingtohaveacomprehensiveworkonpersonalitythatpaysnoparticularattentiontotheoriesofpersonality.TherearenochaptersinthisvolumetoreviewwhatFreudsaidorAdlerorRogersorBanduraoranyoneelse.TheoristssuchasFreudarementionedwhentheirviewsarerelevanttotopicsunderdiscussion,but,blessedly,nosummariesofthemajortheoriesareincluded.Instead,heeditorspresentacomprehensiveandcoherentviewofthefieldofpersonalitytoday.

Theworkispresentedineightsectionsthatdealinessencewithwhatpersonalityis,howitisstudied,howitdevelopsitsbiologicalandsocialdeterminants,howpersonalityworks,andwhatitisusefulfor.Thereare36chaptersextendingnearlyathousandpages.Theeditorschosespecificauthorsforeachofthechapters；theychosewellandtheywereremarkablysuccessfulingettingtheparticipationofauthoritativescientistswhogenerallywritequitewell.

Thehandbooklendsitselfwelltoitsfunctionasaresourcevolume.Itsonlyobviousdeficiencyisthelackofanameindex,whichinthesedaysofinformationprocessorsshouldhavebeenpossibleatmodestcost.

Manyyearsago,Igaveupteachingatheories-of-personalitycoursebecausethedominanttextbookwassothoroughandwelldonethatitleftmewithverylittletodointheclassroom.Thishandbookwould,Ithink，beasplendidtextbook,despitethethoroughnessofitscoverage,becauseitleavestheinstructorwiththechallengingbutengagingtaskofintegratingthematerial,whichwouldprovideanopeningforanyinstructorwithaparticulartheoreticalpassion,butmanyotherroutestointegrationarepossible.

1.ForTheHandbookofPersonalityPsychology,thetitleof“handbook”maybeunfortunatebecausehandbooks（

）.

2.Theauthorlikesthishandbookpartlybecauseitdoesnot

（

）.

3.ThebooktalksaboutFreudonlywhen

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theeditorsofthebookare

（

）.

5.Aproblemwiththishandbookisthat

（

）.

6.Withrespecttobeinganaidtoteachingpersonalitytheories，theauthorthinksthatthebook（

）.

问题1选项

A.aredifficulttocompile

B.areoftenconsideredboring

C.canbecomeoutdatedsoon

D.canmissalotofimportantinformation

问题2选项

A.focusontheoriesofpersonality

B.relatetopreviouspsychologists

C.discussresearchonpersonality

D.dealwithwhatisbeyondpsychology

问题3选项

A.histheoriesarecomparedwithothers

B.hiscontemporariesarementioned

C.thediscussionconcernshisideas

D.majorpersonalitytheoriesareinconflict

问题4选项

A.particularaboutthestructureofthebook

B.reservedinpresentingtheirownviews

C.defiantoftheauthorityinpsychology

D.successfulintheirmaterialselection

问题5选项

A.itiscostlytoaveragereaders

B.itispoorinideadevelopment

C.ithasnonameindex

D.ithastoomanychapters

问题6选项

A.leavesroomfortheinstructor’screativity

B.presentsachallengetocurrenttheories

C.containsthoroughknowledgeofpersonality

D.providesanintegratedsystemoftheories

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段，根据“Handbooksarefrequentlyratherdrearyaffairs,occasionallyusefulassourcesandforcitationbutscarcelyworthreading.（手册常常是相当枯燥无味的东西，偶尔也可用作资料来源和引证，但几乎不值得一读。）”即可得出本题答案。

2.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段，根据“Tobeginwith,itiswhollyrefreshingtohaveacomprehensiveworkonpersonalitythatpaysnoparticularattentiontotheoriesofpersonality.（首先，它是完全令人耳目一新，有一个全面的人格工作，不特别关注人格理论。）”，结合题干中的否定词“doesnot...”，即可得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段倒数第二句，“TheoristssuchasFreudarementionedwhentheirviewsarerelevanttotopicsunderdiscussion,but,blessedly,nosummariesofthemajortheoriesareincluded.(像弗洛伊德这样的理论家，当他们的观点与正在讨论的话题相关时，会被提及，但幸运的是，没有包括对主要理论的总结。)”从而得出本题答案。

4.细节推理题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第三段，根据“theychosewellandtheywereremarkablysuccessfulingettingth