考研考博-英语-南昌工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南昌工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

What,canrigid,coldcalculatingmathematicspossiblyhaveincommonwithsubtle,creative,lofty,imaginativeart?Thisquestionfaithfullymirrorsthestateofmindofmostpeople,evenofmosteducatedpeople,whentheyregardthenumbersandsymbolsthatpopulatetheworldofmathematics.Butthegreatleadersofmathematicsthoughthavefrequentlyandrepeatedlyassertedthattheobjectoftheirpursuitisjustasmuchanartasitisascience,andperhapsevenafineart.MaximeBocher,andeminentmathematicianlivingatthebeginningofthiscentury,wrote:“Iliketolookatmathematicsalmostmoreasanartthanasascience;fortheactivityofthemathematician,constantlycreatingasheis,guidedalthoughnotcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses,bearsaresemblance,notfanciful,Ibelieve,butreal,totheactivitiesoftheartist—ofapainter,letussay.Rigorousdeductivereasoningonthepartofthemathematicianmaybelikenedheretothetechnicalskillindrawingonthepartofthepainter.Justasonecannotbecomeapainterwithoutacertainamountofskill,sonoonecanbecomeamathematicianwithoutthepowertoreasonaccuratelyuptoacertainpoint.”Yetthesequalities,fundamentalthoughtheyare,donotmakeapainteroramathematicianworthyofthename,norindeedaretheythemostimportantfactorsinthecase.Otherqualitiesofafarmoresubtlesort,chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination,gointothemakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician.

Ifmathematicswantstolayclaimtobeinganart,however,itmostshowthatitpossessesandmakesuseofatleastsomeoftheelementsthatgotomakeupthethingsofbeauty.Isnotimagination,creativeimagination,themostessentialelementsofanart?Letustakeageometricobject,suchasthecircle.Totheordinaryman,thisistherimofawheel,perhapswithspokesinit.Elementarygeometryhascrowdedthissimplefigurewithradii,chords,sectors,tangents,diameters,inscribedandcircumscribedpolygons,andsoon.

Hereyouhavealreadyanentiregeometricalworldcreatedfromaveryrudimentarybeginning.Theseandothermiraclesareundeniableproofofthecreativepowerofthemathematician;and,asifthiswerenotenough,themathematicianallowsthewholecircleto“vanish”,declaresittobeimaginary,thenkeepsontoyingwithhisnewcreationinmuchthesamewayandwithmuchthesamegustoashedidwiththeinnocentlittlethingyouallowedhimtostartoutwith.Andallthis,rememberplease,isjustelementaryplanegeometry.Truly,thecreativeimaginationdisplayedbythemathematicianhasnowherebeenexceeded,notevenparalleled,and,Iwouldmakeboldtosay,nowevencloselyapproachedanywhereelse,nmanywaysmathematicsexhibitsthesameelementsofbeautythataregenerallyacknowledgedtobetheessenceofpoetry.Firstletusconsideraminorpoint:thepoetarrangeshiswritingsonthepageinverses.Hispoemfirstappealstotheeyebeforeitreachestheearorthemind;andsimilarly,themathematicianlinesuphisformulasandequationssothattheirformmaymakeanaestheticimpression.Somemathematiciansaregiventothisloveofarrangingandexhibitingtheirequationstoadegreethatbordersonafault.Trigonometry,abranchofelementarymathematicsparticularlyrichinformulas,offerssomecuriousgroupsofthem,curiousintheirsymmetryandtheirarrangement.

Thesuperiorityofpoetryoverotherformsofverbalexpressionliesfirstinthesymbolismusedinpoetry,andsecondlyinitsextremecondensationandeconomyofwords.Takeapoemofuniversallyacknowledgedmerit,say,Shelley’spoem“ToNight”.Hereisthesecondstanza:Wrapthyforminamantlegray,star-inwrought!BlindwiththinehairtheeyesofDay;Kissheruntilshebeweariedout;Thenwandero’ercity,andsea,andland.Touchingallwiththineopiatewand—Come,long-sought!

Takenliterally,allthisis,ofcourse,sheernonsenseandnothingelse.Nighthasnohair,nightdoesnotwearanyclothes,andnightisnotanillicitpeddlerofnarcotics.Butisthereanybodybalmyenoughtotakethewordsofthepoetliterally?Thewordshereareonlycomparisons,onlysymbols.Forthesakeofcondensationthepoetdoesn’tbotherstatingthathissymbolsmeansuchandsuch,butgoesontotreatthemasiftheywererealities.

Themathematiciandoesthesethingspreciselyasthepoetdoes.Takenumbersforexample,theveryideaofwhichisanabstraction,orsymbol.Whenyouwritethefigure3,youhavecreatedasymbolforasymbol,andwhenyousayinalgebrathatisanumber,youhavecondensedallthesymbolsforallthenumbersintooneall-embracingsymbol.These,likeothermathematicalsymbols,andlikethepoetssymbols,areacondensed,concentratedwayofstatingalongandrathercomplicatedchainofsimplegeometrical,algebraic,ornumericalrelations.Now,ismathematicsanart?

1.Thesimilaritybetweentheactivitiesofmathematiciansandthoseofartistsis（）.

2.InMaximeBocher’sopinion,whatisthefundamentalelementthatmakesagoodartistormathematician?

3.Inwhatwaydomathematiciansexhibitthesameelementsofbeautyaspoet?

4.Poetryissuperiortootherformsofexpressionforits（）.

5.Justlikepoets,mathematiciansmay（）.

问题1选项

A.botharecontrolledbytheexternalworld

B.bothrememberthesensesoftheworld

C.botharenotfancifulbutreal

D.bothinvolveconstantcreating

问题2选项

A.Numericalskills.

B.Imagination.

C.Creation.

D.Senseofbeauty.

问题3选项

A.Mathematicianswouldliketosparenoefforttomaketheirproofselegant.

B.Mathematicianslovetoarrangetheirformulasandequationssothattheytakeabeautifulform.

C.Mathematiciansseldomarrangetheirformulasandequationsinsymmetry.

D.Mathematiciansliketoarrangetheirformulasinverses.

问题4选项

A.unusualdiction

B.imaginativeexpression

C.symbolism,condensationandeconomyofwords

D.condensationandimaginativediction

问题5选项

A.usesymbolsforthesakeofcondensationandconcentration

B.usesymbolsforthesakeofcomparison

C.usepoemsasakindofsymbols

D.usenumberstosignifybeauty

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段fortheactivityofthemathematician,constantlycreatingasheis,guidedalthoughnotcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses,bearsaresemblance,notfanciful,Ibelieve,butreal,totheactivitiesoftheartist—ofapainter,letussay.（因为数学家的活动，不断地创造，尽管不受感官的外部世界的控制，但与艺术家的活动，比如说画家的活动，有着相似之处，我相信不是空想，而是真实的。）因此D选项“两者都涉及不断创造”正确。A选项“两者都受外部世界的控制”；B选项“两者都记得世界的感觉”；C选项“两者都不是幻想，而是真实的”，这三项都是文章中未体现的。

2.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段最后一句Otherqualitiesofafarmoresubtlesort,chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination,gointothemakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician.（一个好的艺术家或好的数学家还具有其他更微妙的品质，其中最主要的是想象力。）因此B选项“想象力”正确。A选项“数值技巧”；C选项“创造”；D选项“审美”都不是文章所说明的。

3.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段Hispoemfirstappealstotheeyebeforeitreachestheearorthemind;andsimilarly,themathematicianlinesuphisformulasandequationssothattheirformmaymakeanaestheticimpression.（他的诗在到达耳朵或心灵之前首先吸引了人们的目光；同样地，数学家把他的公式和方程式排列起来，以便它们的形式能给人留下美感。）因此B选项“数学家们喜欢把他们的公式和方程式排列得很漂亮”正确。A选项“数学家们愿意不遗余力地使他们的证明优雅”；C选项“数学家很少用对称的方式排列他们的公式和方程”；D选项“数学家喜欢用诗句来排列他们的公式”，都不是文章中给出的信息。

4.事实细节题。根据题干信息位到倒数第三段Thesuperiorityofpoetryoverotherformsofverbalexpressionliesfirstinthesymbolismusedinpoetry,andsecondlyinitsextremecondensationandeconomyofwords.（诗歌相对于其他语言表达形式的优越性首先在于诗歌中使用的象征手法，其次在于其词的极端浓缩和简洁。）因此C选项“词语的象征、浓缩和简洁”正确。A选项“不寻常的措辞”；B选项“富有想象力的表达”；D选项“缩合和想象的措辞”，不符合文意。

5.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到最后一段These,likeothermathematicalsymbols,andlikethepoetssymbols,areacondensed,concentratedwayofstatingalongandrathercomplicatedchainofsimplegeometrical,algebraic,ornumericalrelations.（这些符号，像其他的数学符号，也像诗人的符号一样，是一种浓缩的方式，用来表述由简单的几何、代数或数字关系构成的长而复杂的链条。）因此A选项“使用符号是为了浓缩和集中”正确。B选项“使用符号是为了比较”，不正确；C选项“把诗歌作为一种象征”不符合文章；D选项“用数字来表示美”，文章是说将数字变成符号，而不是表示美。

2.单选题

Manypeoplewerehomelessinthe（）oftheearthquake.

问题1选项

A.aftermath

B.premonition

C.omen

D.presentiment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项aftermath“后果；余波”；B选项premonition“预感”；C选项omen“预兆，征兆”；D选项presentiment“预感”。句意：地震的后果就是许多人无家可归。因此A项符合题意。

3.单选题

The（

）bonesofanelderlypersonmayfractureeasily.

问题1选项

A.slender

B.brittle

C.dense

D.firm

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项slender“细长的，苗条的”；B选项brittle“脆弱的”；C选项dense“稠密的”；D选项firm“坚定的”。句意：老年人脆弱的骨头可能容易折断。选项B符合句意。

4.单选题

He___athiswatchbeforehelefttheoffice.

问题1选项

A.glanced

B.glimpsed

C.glared

D.scribbled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项glanced“瞥闪，瞥见，扫视，匆匆一看（强调主动的加以注意瞥了一眼）；浏览；斜击某物后斜弹开来；反光；轻擦（球）；（板球）斜击”；B选项glimpsed“瞥见（强调被动的，比如某个东西在眼前闪了一下，不是主动去看）”；C选项glared“怒目而视，瞪眼看；发出刺眼的光”；D选项scribbled“乱画；潦草地书写；写作（非正式）；粗疏（羊毛）”。句意：他离开办公室前___手表。本句表达“主动地瞥了一眼手表”。因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

Thisisaverybighotelanditcan（）morethan1,000people.

问题1选项

A.furnish

B.accommodate

C.transport

D.institute

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。furnish“提供，供应”；accommodate“容纳，使适应”；transport“运输”；institute“实行，建立”。句意：这是一个很大的酒店，能够容纳1000多人。只有B项符合句意。

6.翻译题

人类文明——任何形式的人类文明，都可以说是一种大的信息系统。第一个阶段是语言，有了语言才能共同占有经验，才能集体记忆，才能集体积累知识。然后便是记写，记写提供了一种不太容易消失的、更容易传递的记忆形式。之后便出现了印刷，从而使信息传播大大增加。

现代电子学正在为我们提供崭新而功能更强的方法，来收集、加工、处理和传递。正是这种发展的一个非凡特征，才使得能力的巨大提高却没有给能源或稀少的材料造成负担。相反，设备变得越来越小，甚至在同样的工作性能情况下，价格越来越便宜。只需要看袖珍计算器，微型计算机，电子表和电子游戏机，便可知道确实是如此。

【答案】Itcanbesaidthatanyformofhumancivilizationisalargeinformationsystem.Thefirststageislanguage.Onlywithlanguagecanweshareexperienceandhavecollectivememoryaswellasaccumulateknowledgecollectively.Thesecondstepistowritedown.Writinghasofferedaformofmemorythatislesslikelytodisappearandmoreeasilytransmitted.Thenprintinggreatlyhasincreasedthedisseminationofinformation.

Modernelectronicsisprovidinguswithnewandmorepowerfulwaystocollect,process,processanddeliver.Itisaremarkablefeatureofthisdevelopmentthatgreatlyincreasesabilitywithoutposingburdenonenergyorscarcematerials.Rather,devicesaregettingsmallerandevencheaperunderthesameperformanceconditions,whichisprovedbypocketcalculator,microcomputer,electronicwatchandelectronicgamemachine.

7.单选题

Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately，thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway.

First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondly,pruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutdiseasedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausewounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentreandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.

Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease,butitisawoundthatwillheal.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,sothatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducethatriskofdeathasfaraspossible.Itisessentialtomakethearea，whichhasbeenpruned,smoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallywithoutinterferencefromtheleavesandalsoitisveryunlikelythatthecutsyoumakewillbleed.Ifthisdoeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthemproperly.

1.Pruningshouldbedoneto（）.

2.Treesbecomeunhealthyifthegardener（）.

3.Whyisaspecialsubstancepaintedonthetree?

4.Agoodgardenerprunesatree（）.

5.Whatwastheauthor’spurposewhenwritingthispassage?

问题1选项

A.makethetreegrowtaller

B.improvetheshapeofthetree

C.getridofthesmallbranches

D.makethesmallbranchesthicker

问题2选项

A.allowstoomanybranchestogrowinthemiddle

B.doesnotprotectthemfromwind

C.forcesthemtogrowtooquickly

D.damagessomeofthesmallsidebranches

问题3选项

A.Tomakeawoundsmooth.

B.Topreventdiseaseenteringawound.

C.Tocoveraroughsurface.

D.Tohelpawoundtodry.

问题4选项

A.atintervalsthroughouttheyear

B.asquicklyaspossible

C.occasionallywhennecessary

D.regulareverywinter

问题5选项

A.Togivepracticalinstructionforpruningatree.

B.Togiveageneraldescriptionofpruning.

C.Toexplainhowtreesdevelopdiseases.

D.Todiscussdifferentmethodsofpruning.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据题干关键词“Pruningshouldbedone”定位至第二段：pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize（修枝是为了确保树木按照所需要的形状或大小生长）。因此，B项为正确答案。

2.根据题干关键词“Treesbecomeunhealthy”定位至第二段：Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentre…（剪去堵塞中心的树枝可以促进树木的健康）。因此推测，树木中心的树枝太多不利于树木的生长，A项为正确答案。

3.根据题干关键词“specialsubstancepaintedonthetree”定位至第三段：Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease...andthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.由此可知，在树木切口表面漆上特殊的材料就是为了防止病害从树木切口进入，B项为正确答案。

4.第一段指出：moredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway（不必要的剪枝会给树木带来更多的伤害）。由此推测，好的园丁只是在必要的时候才修剪树木，C项为正确答案。

5.通篇作者在阐述什么情况下修剪树木并且详细介绍了原因和方法。因此，作者的目的是在修剪树木方面给予实践指导，A项为正确答案。

8.单选题

Ithaslongbeenknownthattherateofoxidativemetabolism(theprocessthatusesoxygentoconvertfoodintoenergy)inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns.Thehighmetabolicrateofsmallanimals,forexample,givesthemsustainedpowerandactivityperunitofweight,butatthecostofrequiringconstantconsumptionoffoodandwater.Verylargeanimals,withtheirrelativelylowmetabolicrates,cansurvivewellonasporadicfoodsupply,butcangeneratelittlemetabolicenergypergramofbodyweight.Ifonlyoxidativemetabolicrateisconsidered,therefore,onemightassumethatsmaller,moreactive,animalscouldpreyonlargerones,atleastiftheyattackedingroups.Perhapstheycouldifitwerenotforanaerobicglycolysis,thegreatequalizer.

Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider.Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal.If,forexample,somepredatorshadattackeda100-tendinosaur,normallytorpid,thedinosaurwouldhavebeenabletogeneratealmostinstantaneously,viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.Thisexplainshowmanylargespecieshavemanagedtocompetewiththeirmoreactiveneighbors:thecompensationforalowoxidativemetabolicrateisglycolysis.

Therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation.Theglycogenreservesofanyanimalaregood,atmost,foronlyabouttwominutesatmaximumeffort,afterwhichonlythenormaloxidativemetabolicsourceofenergyremains.Withtheconclusionofaburstofactivity,thelacticacidlevelishighinthebodyfluids,leavingthelargeanimalvulnerableto

attackuntiltheacidisreconverted,viaoxidativemetabolism,bytheliverintoglucose,whichisthensent(inpart)backtothemusclesforglycogenresynthesis.Duringthisprocesstheenormousenergydebtthattheanimalhasrunupthroughanaerobicglycolysismustberepaid,adebtthatisproportionallymuchgreaterforthelargervertebratesthanforthesmallerones.Whereasthetinyshrewcanreplaceinminutestheglycogenusedformaximumeffort,forexample,thegiganticdinosaurwouldhaverequiredmorethanthreeweeks.Itmightseemthatthisinterminablylongrecoverytimeinalargevertebratewouldproveagravedisadvantageforsurvival.Fortunately,muscleglycogenisusedonlywhenneededandeventhenonlyinwhateverquantityisnecessary.Onlyintimesofpanicorduringmortalcombatwouldtheentirereservesbeconsumed.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,amajorlimitationofanaerobicglycolysisisthatitcan（

）.

3.Thepassagesuggeststhatthetotalanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothevertebrate’ssizebecause（

）.

4.Theauthorismostprobablyaddressingwhichofthefollowingaudiences?

5.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.refuteamisconceptionaboutanaerobicglycolysis

B.explainanaerobicglycolysisanditseffectsonanimalsurvival

C.describethelimitationsofanaerobicglycolysis

D.analyzethechemistryofanaerobicglycolysisanditssimilaritytooxidativemetabolism

问题2选项

A.produceinlargeanimalsmorelacticacidthanthelivercansafelyreconvert

B.necessitateadangerouslylongrecoveryperiodinlargeanimals

C.produceenergymoreslowlythanitcanbeusedbylargeanimals

D.consumealloftheavailableglycogenregardlessofneed

问题3选项

A.largervertebratesconservemoreenergythansmallervertebrates

B.largervertebratesuselessoxygenperunitweightthansmallervertebrates

C.theabilityofavertebratetoconsumefoodisafunctionofitssize

D.theamountofmuscletissueinavertebrateisdirectlyrelatedtoitssize

问题4选项

A.Collegestudentsinanintroductorycourseonanimalphysiology

B.Historiansofscienceinvestigatingthediscoveryofanaerobicglycolysis

C.Graduatestudentswithspecializedtrainingincomparativeanatomy

D.ZoologistsinterestedinPrehistoricanimals

问题5选项

A.Thedisadvantageofalowoxidativemetabolicrateinlargeanimalscanbeoffsetbytheirabilitytoconvertsubstantialamountsofglycogenintoenergy.

B.Themostsignificantproblemfacinganimalsthathaveusedanaerobicglycolysisforenergyistheresynthesisofitsbyproduct,glucose,intoglycogen.

C.Thebenefitstoanimalsofanaerobicglycolysisareoffsetbytheprofoundcoststhatmustbepaid.

D.Themajorfactorensuringthatalargeanimalwilltriumphoverasmalleranimalisthelargeanimal’sabilitytoproduceenergyviaanaerobicglycolysis

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一段提到动作的氧化代谢率对它们生存方式造成的影响（inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns）；第二段解释无氧糖酵解（Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider）；第三段提到了无氧糖酵解的不足以及对动物的生存产生的影响。综上所述，选项B符合题意。

2.文章第三段第一句提到了补偿的局限性（therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation），指出动物由于无氧糖酵解所导致的大量能量消耗必须得到补偿，然后又通过小松鼠为例来说明小型动物补偿的时间短，而大型动物则需要很长的时间才能完成补偿，这就是补偿的局限性。选项B符合题意。

3.文章第二段第二句话Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent—inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal提到了无氧糖酵解与动物体型的关系。随后举了恐龙的例子来解释说明肌肉越多，糖原质的含量就越多，体型大，肌肉多，选项D符合题意。

4.文章主要介绍无氧糖酵解对动物的生存产生的影响，没有使用一些非常晦涩难懂的专业知识，因此作者最可能针对的是刚刚接触相关学科的人群。选项A符合题意。

5.文章主要提及了氧化代谢率较低的大型动物的不利原因。作者通过举了恐龙这种大型动物来说明自己的观点，比如一只100吨重的恐龙可以通过无氧糖酵解产生3000个人进行氧化新陈代谢（viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.）产生的最大的能量，从而保证大型动物能在激烈的丛林中生存。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Onlynative-borncitizensare（）fortheU.S.Presidency.

问题1选项

A.eligible

B.elegant

C.legitimate

D.liable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项eligible“有资格的”；B选项elegant“优雅的”；C选项legitimate“合法的；合理的”；D选项liable“有责任的”。句意：只有本国出生的公民才……成为美国总统。成为美国总统的前提条件是Onlynative-borncitizens“只有本国出生的公民”，意味着非美国出生的公民是没资格任职。因此A选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Somewomenaremotivatedtowork（）professionalinterestsandadesiretocontributetosociety.

问题1选项

A.becauseof

B.asto

C.regardlessof

D.inspiteof

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词短语辨析。A选项becauseof“因为；由于”；B选项asto“至于，关于；就……而论”；C选项regardlessof“不顾，不管”；D选项inspiteof“不管、虽然、尽管、不顾”。句意：有些妇女工作的动机是（）职业兴趣和为社会做贡献的愿望。B、C、D选项不符合句意，因此A选项正确。

11.单选题

Thepalmtreelookedasifit（

）foralongtime.

问题1选项

A.hasn’twatered

B.didn’twater

C.hadn’tbeenwatered

D.wasn’twatered

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。Asif引导一个表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的句子。主语的谓语动词是一般过去时，因此虚拟语气的谓语动词要用过去完成时。选项C符合题意。

12.单选题

Designedtomeettheglobalneedforajetlinersizedbetweenthecompany'sown767-300and4-engine747-400,thenewplane'sseating（

）madeittheworld’slargesttwo-enginepassengerplane.

问题1选项

A.ability

B.capacity

C.capability

D.facility

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。seatingcapacity“载客人数”，为固定搭配，故答案B。ability“能力”；capability“性能，容量”；facility“设施”。句意：它的载客人数使其成为世界上最大的双引擎客机。答案B

13.单选题

Notlongago,amysteriousChristmascarddroppedthroughourmailslot.TheenvelopewasaddressedtoamannamedRaoul,who,Iwasrelativelycertaindidnotlivewithus.Theenvelopewasn’tsealed,soIopenedit.Theinsideofthecardwasbland.Ed,myhusband,explainedthatthecardwasbothfromandtothenewspaperdeliveryman.HisnamewasapparentlyRaoul,andRaoulwantedaholidaytip.Weweremeanttoputacheckinsidethecardandthendroptheenvelopeinthemail.Whenyourservicesarerenderedat4a.m,youcan’tsimplyhangaround,likeahotelbellboyexpectingatip.Youhavetobedirect.

SoIwroteaniceholidaygreetingtothismanwho,inmyimagination,firesTheNewYorkTimesfromhisbikeaimedatourfrontdoor,causingmorenoisewithmerenewsprintthanmostpeoplemanagewithsophisticatedblackmarketfireworks.

Withastart,Irealizedthatperhapsthereasonforthe4a.m.wake-upnoisewasnotordinaryrudenessbutcarefullyexecutedspite:IhadnottippedRaoulinChristmasespast.Ihonestlyhadn’trealizedIwassupposedto.Thiswasthefirsttimehe’dusedthecardtactic.SoIgotoutmycheckbook.Somewherealongtheline,holidaytippingwentfromanoptionaltank-youforayearofservicestoaMafia-styleprotectionracket(收取保护费的黑社会组织).

Severaldayslater,IwasbringingourgarbagebinsbackfromthecurbwhenInoticedanenvelopetapedtooneofthelids.TheoutsideoftheenvelopesaidMICKEY.Ithadtobeanothertiprequest,thistimefromourgarbagecollector.UnlikeRaoul,Mickeyhadn’tenclosedhisownChristmascardfromme.InawayIappreciatedthedirectness.“Iknowyoudon’tcarehowmerrymyChristmasis,andthat’sfine,thegesturesaid.Iwant$30,orI’llforgettoemptyyourgarbagebinsomehotsummerday.”

Iputacheckintheenvelopeandtapeditbacktothebin.Thenextmorning,Ednoticedthattheenvelopewasgone,thoughthetrashhadn’tyetbeenpickedup.“SomeonestoleMickey’stip!”Edwasquitecertain.Hemademecallthebankandcancelthecheck.

ButEdhadbeenwrong.Twoweekslater,Mickeyleftaletterfromthebankoursteps.TheletterinformedMickeythatthecheck,whichhehadtriedtocash,hadbeencancelled.ThefollowingTuesdaymorning,whenEdsawatruckoutside,heranoutwithhiswallet.“AreyouMickey?”

Themanlookedathimwithscorn.“Mickeyisthegarbageman.Iamtherecycling.”NotonlyhadEdinsultedthismanbyhintingthathewasagarbageman,buthehadobviouslyneglectedtotiphim.Edranbackinsideformorefunds.Thenhenoticedthatthedriverofthetruckhadbeenwatchingthewholetransaction.Hepeeledoffanothertwentyandlookedaround,wavingbillsintheair.“Anyoneelse?”

HadweconsultedthewebsiteoftheEmilyPostInstitute,thisembarrassingbreachofetiquette(礼节)couldhavebeenavoided.Under"44trash/recyclingcollectors”intheinstitute’sHolidayTippingGuidelines,itsays,“$10to$30each.”Youmayormaynotwishtoknowthatyourpetgroomer,hairdresser,mailmanandUPSguyallexpectaholidaytip.

1.Thenewspaperdeliverymanputablankcardinsidetheenvelopebecause（

）.

2.Fromthepassage,welearnthattheauthor（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorfelt（

）togiveRaoulaholidaytip.

4.WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaboutMickey,thegarbagecollector?

5.Ed’sencounterwiththerecyclingteamshowsthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.heforgottowriteafewwordsonit

B.hewantedthecoupletosenditback

C.heusedittoaskforaChristmastip

D.hewasafraidofaskingforatipinperson

问题2选项

A.didn’tlikeRaoul’swayofdeliveringthepaper

B.didn’trealizewhyRaouldeliveredthepaperthatway

C.didn’tknowthatRaoulcameveryearlyin

D.didn’tfeelitnecessarytomeetRaoulwhenhecame

问题3选项

A.excited

B.delighted

C.embarrassed

D.forced

问题4选项

A.Hewrotealettertothecoupleafterwards.

B.Hefailedtocollectthemoneyfromthebank.

C.HewantedthecoupletosendhimaChristmascard.

D.Hecollectedboththecheckandthegarbagethatday.

问题5选项

A.Edwasdesperatetocorrecthismistake

B.EdonlywantedtogivemoneytoRaoul

C.Edwasunwillingtotipthetruckdriver

D.Ednolongerwantedtogivethemmoney

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第三段提到我在过去的圣诞节没有给Raoul小费，这是他第一次使用这样的策略（Thiswasthefirsttimehe’dusedthecardtactic），由此可知Raoul是想用这种方法要消费，因此选项C符合题意。

2.推理判断题。文章第三段提到我意识到凌晨4点起床时发出的噪音也许不是普通的无礼，而是精心制造的恶意（Withastart,Irealizedthatperhapsthereasonforthe4a.m.wake-upnoisewasnotordinaryrudenessbutcarefullyexecutedspite），由此可推测出作者起初不知道Raoul扔报纸发出那么大声音的原因，选项B符合题意。

3.推理判断题。文章第三段提到作者真的没有意识到应该要这么做（即给小费）（Ihonestlyhadn’trealizedIwassupposedto）。由此可知给小费并不是作者的本意，而是被迫的，因此选项D符合题意。excited“兴奋的”；delighted“高兴的”；embarrassed“尴尬的”；forced“被迫的”。

4.细节事实题。文章第六段提到那封信通知米奇，他尝试取的支票被取消了（TheletterinformedMickeythatthecheck,whichhehadtriedtocash,hadbeencancelled），由此可知他没能从银行取钱，选项B符合题意。

5.细节事实题。文章倒数第二段提到他取出另外的20元，环顾四周，摇着钱说“还有人要吗”（Hepeeledoffanothertwentyandlookedaround,wavingbillsintheair.“Anyoneelse?”），由此可知他极度想要改正自己的错误，选项A符合题意。

14.单选题

Theseverityofadjustmentproblemsexperiencedinasecondculturedependsontheindividual’sabilitytoadapttonewsituations.

问题1选项

A.excitement

B.intensity