考研考博-英语-南通理工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南通理工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Therearestillmanycountrieswherethedeathpenaltyisthe（

）againstmurder.

问题1选项

A.sanction

B.prevention

C.fright

D.threat

【答案】A

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。sanction“制裁，处罚”；prevention“预防，阻止”；fright“惊吓”；threat“威胁”。句意：仍然有许多国家将死刑作犯谋杀罪的处罚。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Histhoughtswere（

）fromthispainfultopicbythesuddenarrivalofaneighbor.

问题1选项

A.attracted

B.retracted

C.distracted

D.protracted

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。attract“吸引”；retract“撤销，撤回”；distract“分散”；protract“延长，伸出”。句意：以为邻居的突然到来分散了他的对于痛苦主题的关注。选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

Perhapsyoudidn’tquiteunderstandthemovieandthenleftbeforefinishingit.（）thecase,Ithinkthislittlepamphletmaybeofsomehelp.

问题1选项

A.Ifthisbe

B.Thisshouldbe

C.Shouldthisbe

D.Isthis

【答案】A

【解析】考查条件状语从句。由Ithinkthislittlepamphletmaybeofsomehelp.句意：我想这个宣传册可能有所帮助。由关键词may可知空格后的thecase这种情况并不是虚拟的，而是一个真实条件句，故不用倒装，而条件句一般是用if引导。因此答案选A，相当于省略了should，即Ifthis(should)be。整个句意为：也许你并不十分理解这部电影，没结束就提前离开了。如果真的如此，我想这个宣传册可能有所帮助。

4.单选题

Youcan'tkeepthemilkoutsideforanight,itwillturn（）.

问题1选项

A.sour

B.stained

C.rotten

D.acid

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:sour“有酸味的”；B:stained“玷污的”；C:rotten“腐烂的；恶臭的”；D:acid“酸性的”。句意：你不能把牛奶放在外面过夜，它会变质。结合语境，表示牛奶变酸，故选A。

5.填空题

Thankyoufor（1）myquestions.IhopeIhaven’ttakenuptoomuchofyour（2）

【答案】1.answering

2.time

【解析】1.语义题。句意:谢谢你回答我的问题。

2.语义题。句意:希望没有占用你太多时间。

6.单选题

Ifaman（）himselfandhisfamilyoffoodinordertobuyacat,wecouldconsiderhimmad.

问题1选项

A.deprived

B.robbed

C.rejected

D.denied

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项deprive表示“使丧失，剥夺”，deprivesb.ofsth表示“从某人处剥夺某物”；B选项rob表示“抢劫，掠夺；非法剥夺”，robsbofsth表示“抢劫某人的某物；C选项reject表示“拒绝；排斥；抵制；丢弃”；D选项deny表示“否定，否认；拒绝给予”，denysb.sth表示“拒绝给予某人某物”。根据句意可知，如果一位男士为了买一只猫使得自己和家人没有食物可吃，那么我们会认为他发疯了。故A项deprive（使丧失，剥夺）最符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为A项。

7.单选题

Electricalresistanceisacommonpropertyofallmaterials,（）.

问题1选项

A.differsonlyindegree

B.onlyindegreeitdiffers

C.itonlydiffersindegree

D.differingonlyindegree

【答案】D

【解析】考查分词结构。分析句子结构可知，两个独自的句子用逗号隔开且没有连词，说明后半句应使用非谓语成分，即动词的分词形式或不定式，这里只有选项D是非谓语结构，所以选项D正确。

8.单选题

Westernstateswerethefirsttogivewomenthevote.Between1869andtheoutbreakofWorldWarI，seventeenstateswestoftheMississippigavewomentherighttovoteinstateelectionsandRepresentatives.Itwasnotuntil1920thattheFederalGovernmentunderpressurebysuffragettes(womeninsistingontheirrighttovote),followingthestates’leadandpermittedwomentotakepartinnationalelectionsforCongresswomenandthePresident.

Womenhavemadegreatstridessincetheninachievingpoliticalequality.Recently,Americanfeministshavebeenworkinghardtoachievesocialandeconomicequalityaswellaspolitical.Theirbeliefisthat,asthereisnothingthatwomencannotdojustasmen,theyshouldbeshownthesamerespectandhavethesamesocialrightsandthesamepayastheirmalecounterparts.Anythinglessisdiscriminationandsexism.

FewAmericangirlsagreewiththeextremefeministswhoderidemarriageandromanticlove,butmoreandmoreofthemarepreparedtolivewithamanoutsidemarriage,oftensavedenoughmoney.Youngcouplestodayshareboththehouseholdchoresandcareofthebaby.

Theoldgenerations,especiallythosethatliveinthecitysuburbs,arebewilderedanddisturbedbythistrend.ItisallagainstthegreatAmericantraditionofthe“home”asthesymboloftheunifiedfamily.

TheAmericanwomanmakesthemostofherfreetime.Shehelpswithpoliticalcampaigns.Shesitsoncommittees.Shegoestoclassesofallkinds,fromhealthfoodstoEnglishliterature,fromenvironmentalstudiestokarate.Sheswims,playstennis,andshetakesanactiveinterestinherchildren’seducation.Inmostoftheseactivitieshercompanionsareotherhousewivesfromherneighborhood.

Therearewomenexecutivesofsomeimportantindustriesandbusinesses.Infacttherearewomeninmostjobswhichwereformerlyreservedformen.Therearewomenlawyers,doctors,architects,aswellaswomenbusdrivers,buttheordinaryworkingwomenwillearnlessthanamangetsfordoingthesamejob—althoughthereisalawwhichmakesthisillegal.Americangirlstendtomarryyoung,whichmeansthat60%ofthewomeninworkaremarried.Thisalsohelpstoexplainwhysomanyyoungmarriedcoupleshavesuchahighstandardofliving.

Americanwomenseemtohavemoreself-confidencethanwomenfrommostothercountries.Foryearstheyhavefeltnoinferioritywhatsoevertothemalesex.ThereforevisitorstotheUSArarelymeetmilitantfeminists.

1.WhenweretheAmericanwomenfirstgivenrighttovoteinnationalelections?

2.Americanfeministsbelievethatwomen（

）.

3.WhatattitudedotheAmericanwomenhavetowardsmarriageaccordingtothepassage?

4.Duringtheirfree-time,Americanwomenareusuallyengagedin（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.In1869

B.DuringWorldWarI

C.In1920

D.Inrecentyears

问题2选项

A.havemadegreatprogressinobtainingbothpoliticalandsocialequality

B.haveachievedbothsocialandeconomicalequality

C.havenotgotenoughsocialandeconomicalequalityaswellaspoliticalone

D.havenothadthesameself-confidenceasthemenhave

问题3选项

A.Mostofthemstillbelieveinmarriageandromanticlove

B.Theirmarriageshouldbeabletobringthemmoneyandhome.

C.Extremefeministsarereadytolivewithamanoutsidemarriage

D.Theyoungergenerationsofwomenprefertohaveaunifiedfamily

问题4选项

A.helpingwithpoliticalmovements

B.learninghowtofighttoprotectthemselves

C.doinghouseworkandtakingcareofchildren

D.bothAandB

问题5选项

A.AmericanFeminists

B.AmericanWomenandTheirStruggleforEquality

C.AmericanGirls

D.WomenandRights

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实。第一段中提出直到1920年女性取得了议会和总统选举的投票权，故选C。

2.细节事实。第二段:theyshouldbeshownthesamerespectandhavethesamesocialrightsandthesamepayastheirmalecounterparts(他们应该受到同样的尊重，享有同样的社会权利，和他们的男性同事一样的待遇)。故选C:美国女权主义者认为她们没有足够的社会经济平等和政治平等。

3.判断推理。第三段第一句提出很少的美国女孩不赞成女权主义者嘲笑婚姻

和恋爱。故选A。

4.细节事实。根据题干关键词定位至第五段:Shehelpswithpoliticalcampaigns.Shesitsoncommittees,故选D。

5.主旨大意题。全文主要介绍了美国妇女维护自己的权利和公平。

9.单选题

Thenewcolleague（）tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporationsbeforehejoinedourcompany.

问题1选项

A.confirms

B.declares

C.confesses

D.claims

【答案】D

【解析】近义词辨析。confirm确认，证实;declare宣布，声明;选项A和B都是后接名词短语或that从句;confess承认，坦白，confess(to)doingsth.承认做过某事;claim声称，断言，后可接名词短语、that从句,也可接不定式短语,不定式中的动作发生在claim之前,则用不定式完成式。所以选项D正确。

10.单选题

Manytouristswere（

）bythecity’scomplicatedtrafficsystem.

问题1选项

A.degraded

B.bewildered

C.evoked

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。degrade“降级，降低，退化”；bewilder“使迷惑”；evoke“引起，唤起”；divert“转移”。句意：很多游客都被这个城市复杂的交通系统弄得晕头转向。选项B符合题意。

11.单选题

（

）shewaslivinginParisthatshemetherhusbandTerry.

问题1选项

A.Justwhen

B.Itwaswhile

C.Soonafter

D.Duringthetimewhen

【答案】B

【解析】考查强调句型。Itis+被强调部分+that+其他成分，选项B符合题意。

12.单选题

Much（

）IlikedJane,Ihatedthesuperiortonethatshesometimestookwithme.

问题1选项

A.while

B.as

C.since

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】

考查连词辨析。while虽然；as同样；muchas表示虽然，即使；since既然；for为了。句意：尽管我喜欢Jane,但我讨厌她有时跟我说话高傲的语气。由like和hated可知，这是一种转折关系，故答案B

13.单选题

9.

问题1选项

A.Toasklocalpeopleforhelp.

B.TodoasRomansdoonlywheninRome.

C.Trytoactlikethepeoplefromthatculture.

D.Staywithyourcountryfellow.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Mostpeoplefeelcultureshockwhentravelingtoaforeignculture.

M:That’sforsure.ButtheyshoulddoasRomansdo.

Q:Accordingtotheman,whatarepeoplesupposedtodowhentravelingtoaforeignculture?

【解析】固定词组。男士说：ButtheyshoulddoasRomansdo。doasRomansdo的含义是“入乡随俗”。

14.单选题

Anynationthatinterferesintheinternalaffairsofanothernationshouldbe_______condemned.

问题1选项

A.verbally

B.universally

C.wickedly

D.visually

【答案】B

【解析】verbally口头地；universally普遍地；wickedly恶劣地，居心叵测地；visually视觉地。句意：任何干涉他国内政的国家都应受到普遍谴责。选项B符合句意。

15.不定项选择题

Frombeachballs,pooltoys,andjumphouses,inflatabletechnologytakesabigstepforwardforitsnextfrontier:spacestation.AnewkindoftechwillbeaboardSpaceX'seighthsupplymissiontotheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).Acompressedlivingmodulewillbedeliveredandattachedtothestationwhere,inthevoidofspace,itwillexpandintoanewhabitatforastronauts.

DesignedbyBigelowAerospace,theinflatablespacehabitatisoneareaNASAisexploringforpotentialdeepspacehabitatsandotheradvancedspacemissions.

"The‘BigelowExpandableActivityModule',ortheBEAM,isanexpandablehabitatthatwillbeusedtoinvestigatetechnologyandunderstandthepotentialbenefitsofsuchhabitatsforhumanmissionstodeepspace,”NASAAdministratorCharlesBoldenwroteinablogpost.Thehabitatscouldbeawayto“dramaticallyincrease”thespaceavailableforastronautswhilealsoofferingaddedprotectionfromthedangersofspace,likeradiationandspacedebris,theNASApressreleasesays.

Buthowisaninflatablespacestationsupposedtobeaviablemeansofhousingforspacetravelers?BEAMsarefarmorethanballoon-likeroomswhereastronautscantakeasylum.Technically,themodulesdon'tinflate—theyexpand,accordingtothecompany.Andbeyondjustair,thehabitatsarereinforcedwithaninternalmetalstructure.Theoutsideiscomposedofmultiplelayersofmaterialincludingthingslikerubberandkevlartoprotectformanyspeedingdebris.

InsideSpaceX'sDragonspacecraftonthewaytotheISS,theBEAMwillbeapproximately8feetindiameter.Itwillexpandoncedeployedinspacetooffer565cubicfeetofspaceforastronauts.“It'llbethefirsttimehumanbeingswillactuallystepinsidethisexpandablehabitatinspace,”formerastronautGeorgeZamka,whohasworkedforBigelowAerospace,toldUSAToday.“Therewon'tbethissenseofitbeinglikeaballoon.”

Butastronautswon'tbegettinginsidethemoduleforsometimeyet.TheBEAMwillbeattachedtotheTranquilityNodeanddeployed.InsidethemoduleareaseriesoftoolsthatwillhelpthecrewoftheISSmonitordifferentaspectsoftheexpandableareatoseehowitactsinspace.Thecrewwillwatchheat,radiation,orbitaldebris,andprovideinformationabouttheviabilityofusingsimilarmodulesinthefuture.

Thetestingisscheduledtogoonforatwo-yeartimeperiod,afterwhichthemodulewillbereleasedandburnupintheatmosphere.NASA'spartnershipwithBigelowfitsMr.Bolden'sdesiretohelpgrowarobustprivatesectorindustrytocommercializeaspectsofspace—aprocessheseesasvitalifhumanswanttoreachfarthercosmicdestinations.“TheworldoflowEarthorbitbelongstoindustry,”BoldensaidatapressconferenceinJanuary2015.

1.WhatisspecialaboutthenewlivingmoduleonSpaceX'seighthmissiontoISS?

2.Whatisthepurposeofdesigningtheinflatablespacehabitat?

3.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5mean?

4.WhydoesNASAintendtocommercializeaspectsofspace?

问题1选项

A.Itisexpandable.

B.Itlookslikeatoy.

C.Itisgoingtodeepspace.

D.ItwillnotreturntoEarth.

问题2选项

A.Itistofindoutitspotentialcapacity.

B.Itistogiveatryonanewtechnology.

C.Itistosavetimeandmoneyinproduction.

D.Itistoseeifitcanbeappliedindeepspace.

问题3选项

A.Thehabitatwillnotbeaballoon-likeroom.

B.Thehabitatwillnotfeellikeaballoon.

C.Thehabitatwillbelikeasenselessballoon.

D.Thehabitatwillbeadifferentkindofballoon.

问题4选项

A.ItcansaveNASAtimeandenergy.

B.Itisnecessaryforarobustindustry.

C.Itiscrucialforfurtherspaceexplorations.

D.ItmeetsbothNASA'sandBigelow'sneeds.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.WhatisspecialaboutthenewlivingmoduleonSpaceX’seighthmissiontoISS?1.SpaceX公司第八次前往国际空间站的任务中，新的生活舱有什么特别之处？

A.Itisexpandable.A.它是可扩展的。

B.Itlookslikeatoy.B.它看起来像一个玩具。

C.Itisgoingtodeepspace.C.它要去外太空。

D.ItwillnotreturntoEarth.D.它不会返回地球。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据原文第一段最后一句“一个压缩的生活舱将被运送并连接到空间站上，在太空中，它将扩展为宇航员的新栖息地（itwillexpandintoanewhabitatforastronauts）”，从中可知，新的生活舱的特点是它可以扩展，所以该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选线“它看起来像一个玩具”和D选项“它不会返回地球”在文中没有提及，无中生有；

C选项“它要去外太空”并不是其特别之处，曲解原文。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Whatisthepurposeofdesigningtheinflatablespacehabitat?2.设计充气太空舱的目的是什么？

A.Itistofindoutitspotentialcapacity.A.要找出它潜在的容量。

B.Itistogiveatryonanewtechnology.B.这是对一项新技术的尝试。

C.Itistosavetimeandmoneyinproduction.C.这是为了在生产中节省时间和金钱。

D.Itistoseeifitcanbeappliedindeepspace.D.这是为了看看它是否能应用于深空。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据关键词inflatablespacehabitat定位至第二段“由毕格罗航空航天公司设计的充气太空栖息地是美国宇航局正在探索的潜在深空栖息地和其他高级太空任务的一个领域（exploringforpotentialdeepspacehabitatsandotheradvancedspacemissions）”，可知，设计充气太空舱的目的是探索深空。因此，该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“要找出它潜在的容量”、B选项“这是对一项新技术的尝试”和C选项“这是为了在生产中节省时间和金钱”没有提及，无中生有。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5mean?3.第5段划线的句子是什么意思？

A.Thehabitatwillnotbeaballoon-likeroom.A.这个栖息地不会是一个像气球一样的房间。

B.Thehabitatwillnotfeellikeaballoon.B.这个栖息地不会感觉像一个气球。

C.Thehabitatwillbelikeasenselessballoon.C.这个栖息地就像一个毫无知觉的气球。

D.Thehabitatwillbeadifferentkindofballoon.D.栖息地将是一个不同的气球。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第五段最后一句“不会有像气球一样的感觉”，结合第四段第二句“BEAM是远不止像气球一样的房间，宇航员可以在那里寻求庇护”和第三句“该公司表示，从技术上讲，这些模块不会膨胀，而是会扩展”，综合理解可知，“不会有像气球一样的感觉”这句话的意思是表示，这个栖息地虽然像气球一样会膨胀，但是宇航员在那里感觉不到它像气球一样。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“这个栖息地不会是一个像气球一样的房间”与原文中的farmorethanballoon-likerooms（远不止像气球一样的房间）意思相反，反向干扰；

C选项“这个栖息地就像一个毫无知觉的气球”和D选项“栖息地将是一个不同的气球”理解错误，栖息地只是像一个气球，但本质并不是气球，该两项曲解原文。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.WhydoesNASAintendtocommercializeaspectsofspace?4.为什么NASA打算将太空的各个方面商业化？

A.ItcansaveNASAtimeandenergy.A.它可以节省NASA的时间和精力。

B.Itisnecessaryforarobustindustry.B.这对一个蓬勃发展的行业来说是必要的。

C.Itiscrucialforfurtherspaceexplorations.C.这对进一步的太空探索至关重要。

D.ItmeetsbothNASA’sandBigelow’sneeds.D.它满足了NASA和毕格罗的需求。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位到最后一段第二句“NASA与毕格罗的合作符合博尔登的愿望，即帮助发展一个强大的私营行业，将太空的各个方面商业化，他认为，如果人类想要到达更远的宇宙目的地（ifhumanswanttoreachfarthercosmicdestinations），这一过程至关重要”，从中可知，商业化的原因是为了进一步探索宇宙，C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“它可以节省NASA的时间和精力”没有提到，无中生有；

B选项“这对一个蓬勃发展的行业来说是必要的”理解错误，想要进一步探索宇宙是必要的，但是没有提到这个行业是蓬勃发展的，曲解原文；

D选项“它满足了NASA和毕格罗的需求”中的needs不符合原文中的desire，曲解原文。

16.单选题

A1994WorldBankreportconcludedthat_______girlsinschoolwasprobablythesinglemosteffectiveanti-povertypolicyinthedevelopingworldtoday.

问题1选项

A.enrolling

B.assigning

C.involving

D.consenting

【答案】A

【解析】enrolling招收,参加;assigning指派,分配;involving牵涉,使参与;consenting允许,赞成。句意：世界银行1994年的一份报告得出结论：招收女童入学可能是当今发展中世界最有效的反贫困政策。选项A符合句意。

17.单选题

Whenglobalwarmingfinallycame,itstuckwithavengeance.Insomeregions,temperaturesroseseveraldegreesinlessthanacentury.Sealevelsshotupnearly400feet,floodingcoastalsettlementsandforcingpeopletomigrateinland.DesertsspreadthroughouttheworldasvegetationshifteddrasticallyinNorthAmerica,EuropeandAsia.Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.Theadaptationwasfarming:theglobal-warmingcrisisthatgaverisetoithappenedmorethan10,000yearsago.

AsenvironmentalistsconveneinRiodeJaneirothisweektopondertheglobalclimateofthefuture,earthscientistsareinthemidstofarevolutioninunderstandinghowclimatehaschangedinthepast—andhowthosechangeshavetransformedhumanexistence.Researchershavebeguntopiecetogetheranilluminatingpictureofthepowerfulgeologicalandastronomicalforcesthathavecombinedtochangetheplanet’senvironmentfromhottocold,wettodryandbackagainoveratimeperiodstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears.

Mostimportantly,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchangeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.Newresearchnowsuggeststhatclimateshiftshaveplayedakeyroleinnearlyeverysignificantturningpointinhumanevolution:fromthedawnofprimatessome65millionyearsagotohumanancestorsrisinguptowalkontwolegs,fromthehugeexpansionofthehumanbraintotheriseofagriculture.Indeed,thehumanhistoryhasnotbeenmerelytouchedbyglobalclimatechange,somescientistsargue,ithasinsomeinstancesbeendrivenbyit.

ThenewresearchhasprofoundimplicationsfortheenvironmentalsummitinRio.Amongotherthings,thefindingsdemonstratethatdramaticclimatechangeisnothingnewforplanetEarth.Thebenignglobalenvironmentthathasexistedoverthepast10,000years—duringwhichagriculture,writing,citiesandmostotherfeaturesofcivilizationappeared-isamerebrightspotinamuchlargerpatternofwidelyvaryingclimateovertheages.Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.

1.Farmingemergedasasurvivalstrategybecausemanhadbeenobliged______.

2.Scientistsbelievethathumanevolution______.

3.Evidenceofpastclimaticchangesindicatesthat______.

4.Themessagetheauthorwishestoconveyinthepassageisthat______.

问题1选项

A.togiveuphisformerwayoflife

B.toleavethecoastalareas

C.tofollowtheever-shiftingvegetation

D.toabandonhisoriginalsettlement

问题2选项

A.hasseldombeenaccompaniedbyclimaticchanges

B.hasexertedlittleinfluenceonclimaticchanges

C.haslargelybeeneffectedbyclimaticchanges

D.hashadamajorimpactonclimaticchanges27.Evidenceofpastclimaticchangesindicatesthat______.

问题3选项

A.humanactivitieshaveacceleratedchangesofEarth’senvironment

B.Earth’senvironmentwillremainmilddespitehumaninterference

C.Earth’sclimateisboundtochangesignificantlyinthefuture

D.Earth’sclimateisunlikelytoundergosubstantialchangesinthefuture28.Themessagetheauthorwishestoconveyinthepassageisthat______.

问题4选项

A.humancivilizationremainsgloriousthoughitisaffectedbyclimaticchanges

B.mankindisvirtuallyhelplessinthefaceofthedramaticchangesofclimate

C.manhastolimithisactivitiestoslowdowntheglobalwarmingprocess

D.humancivilizationwillcontinuetodevelopinspiteofthechangesofnature

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“农业作为一种生存策略出现是因为人类被迫……”。根据第一段最后两句Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.Theadaptationwasfarming.（在把周围的许多动物逼到濒临灭绝的边缘后，人们被迫放弃原有的生活方式，转而采取一种全新的生存策略，这导致了大范围的饥饿和疾病；这种适应就是农业。）可知，A项“放弃他以前的生活方式”正确；B项“离开沿海地区”、C项“跟随不断变化的植被”和D项“放弃他原来的居住地”都属于导致人类被迫放弃原有生活方式的原因。因此，该题选择A项正确。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“科学家认为人类进化……”。由第三段第一句Mostimportantly,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchangeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.（最重要的是，科学家们开始意识到气候变化已经对人类物种的进化产生了重大影响）可知，科学家认为人类进化受到了气候变化的重大影响，C项“很大程度上受到了气候变化的影响”正确；由此也可知，A项“很少伴有气候变化”错误；B项“对气候变化影响不大”和D项“对气候变化有重大影响”文中没有提到。因此，该题选择C项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“过去气候变化的证据表明……”。根据文章最后一段Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.（事实上，过去的气候变化模式表明，即使没有人类活动的影响，地球的气候几乎肯定会在未来经历剧烈的变化）可知，C项“地球的气候在未来必然会发生显著变化”正确；A项“人类活动加速了地球环境的变化”、B项“尽管有人类的干扰，地球的环境仍将保持温和”和D项“地球的气候在未来不太可能发生重大变化”都与原文内容不符合。因此，该题选择C项正确。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者希望在文章中传达的信息是……”。通读全文可知，文章在第一段就阐述了气候的变化导致人类放弃原有的生活方式而进行迁徙，寻求新的生存策略，接下来两段就气候的变化是如何改变人类生存和进化进行的阐述，最后一段总结根据过去的气候变化模式，即使没有人类的活动影响，地球的气候依然会经历剧烈变化，所以文章传达的信息是人类在面对气候的变化时，是无能为力的，故B项“面对气候的急剧变化，人类实际上是无能为力的”正确；A项“尽管受到气候变化的影响，人类文明依然辉煌”和D项“尽管自然发生了变化，人类文明还是会继续发展的”没有提到；C项“人类必须限制自己的活动，以减缓全球变暖的进程”与文意相反。因此，该题选择B项正确。

18.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetII.

Thehypothesisofnaturalselectionmaynotbeacompleteexplanation,butitledtoagreaterthingthanitself—anacceptanceofthetheoryoforganicevolution,whichtheyearshavebutconfined.Yetatfirstsomenaturalistsjoinedtheopposition.Tothemany,whowereunabletojudgethebiologicalevidence,theeffectofthetheoryofevolutionseemedincredibleaswellasdevastating,toruncountertocommonsenseandtooverwhelmallphilosophicandreligiouslandmarks.Eveneducatedman,choosingbetweentheBookofGenesisandtheOriginofSpecies,proclaimedwithDisraelithathewas“onthesideoftheAngels”.

【答案】自然选择的假说可能不是一个完整的解释，但它引出了一个比它本身更伟大的东西——对有机进化理论的接受，这一理论多年来一直受到限制。然而，起初有些博物学家加入了反对阵营。对许多无法判断生物学证据的人来说，进化论的影响似乎难以置信，而且是毁灭性的，它与常识背道而驰，压倒了所有哲学和宗教的里程碑。即使是受过教育的人，在《创世纪》和《物种起源》中做出选择时，也会和迪斯雷利一起宣称自己“站在天使一边”。

19.单选题

The（）ofjettravelhasmadetheworldseemsmaller.

问题1选项

A.remark

B.relationship

C.removal

D.innovation

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析。remark评论；relationship关系；removal去掉；innovation发明。句意：喷气式飞机旅行的发明似乎使世界变小了。选项D符合句意。

20.单选题

By（

）

computation,heestimatedthattherepairsonthehousewouldcosthimathousanddollars.

问题1选项

A.coarse

B.rude

C.average

D.general

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。coarse“粗糙的”；rude“粗鲁的”；average“平均的，普通的”；general“一般的，普通的”。句意：通过粗略计算，他估计修理好这个房子需要花费一千美元。选项A符合题意。

21.单选题

Nothinghaseverequaledthe____andspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworld.

问题1选项

A.concern

B.magnitude

C.volume

D.carelessness

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.concern忧虑；关心B.magnitude（规模、重要性等）大的程度

C.volume（某物的）数量D.carelessness粗心大意

【考查点】语义衔接与名词辨析

【解题思路】空格处所填词与speed“速度”并列，并且the____andspeed后接了一个由withwhich引导的定语从句，其句意为“人类改变物理和化学世界”，由此可以推断，B选项magnitude“（某事物）大或重要的程度”符合题意，themagnitudeandspeed指“人类改变物理和化学世界的程度和速度”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项concern“忧虑；关心”，不符合原文语义衔接；

C选项volume“（某物的）数量”，侧重于指某事物的量，如业务量、工作量；

D选项carelessness“粗心大意”，不符合原文语义衔接。

【句意】没有什么能比得上人类改变物理和化学世界的程度和速度。

22.单选题

Inthedecadesbetween1910and1930,overtenpercentoftheBlackpopulationoftheUnitedStateslefttheSouth,wherethemajorityoftheBlackpopulationhadbeenlocated,andmigratedtonorthernstates,withthelargestnumbermoving,itisclaimed,between1916and1918.Ithasbeenfrequentlyassumed,butnotproved,thatmostofthemigrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcamefromruralareasandweremotivatedbytwoconcurrentfactors:thecollapseofcottonindustryfollowingboll-weevilinfestation,whichbeganin1898,andincreaseddemandintheNorthforlaborfollowingthecessationofEuropeanimmigrationcausedbytheoutbreakofthefirstWorldWarin1914.Thisassumptionhasledtotheconclusionthatthemigrant’ssubsequentlackofeconomicmobilityintheNorthistiedtoruralbackground,abackgroundthatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurbanlivingandalackofindustrialskills.

ButthequestionofwhoactuallylefttheSouthhasneverbeeninvestigatedindetail.AlthoughnumerousinvestigationsdocumentaflightfromruralsouthernareastosoutherncitiespriortotheGreatMigration,noonehasconsideredwhetherthesamemigrantsthenmovedontonortherncities.In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”,thefederalcensuscategoryroughlyincludingtheentireindustrialsector.TheGreatMigrationcouldeasilyhavebeenmadeupentirelyofthisgroupandtheirfamilies.Itisperhapssurprisingtoarguethatanemployedpopulationcouldbetemptedtomove,butanexplanationliesinthelaborconditionsthenprevalentintheSouth.

Aboutthirty-fivepercentoftheurbanBlackpopulationintheSouthwasengagedinskilledtrades.Somewerefromtheoldartisanclassofslavery—blacksmiths,masons,carpenters一whichhadamonopolyofcertaintrades?buttheyweregraduallybeingpushedoutbycompetition,mechanization,andobsolescence.Theremainingsixty-fivepercent,morerecentlyurbanized,workedinnewlydevelopedindustries—tobacco,lumber,coalandironmanufacture,andrailroads.WagesintheSouth,however,werelow,andBlackworkerswereaware,throughlaborrecruitersandtheBlackpress,thattheycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.Aftertheboll-weevilinfestation,urbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuinginfluxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialjobs.Thus,amovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployed,andtheeasyconclusiontyingtheirsubsequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthtotheirruralbackgroundscomesintoquestion.

1.TheauthorindicatestheGreatMigrationexplicitlybyusingashersourceofinformation（

）.

2.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofwagesinsoutherncitiesin1910?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheunderlinedphrase“theeasyconclusion”isbasedontheassumptionthat（

）.

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

5.Thematerialinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttoalongdiscussionofwhichofthefollowingtopics?

问题1选项

A.immigrationServicereportsin1930

B.theFirstWorldWarin1918

C.thefederalcensusin1910

D.southernnewspapersin1898

问题2选项

A.Theywerebeingpushedlowerasaresultofincreasedcompetition.

B.Theybegantorisesothatsouthernindustrycouldattractruralworkers.

C.Theyhadincreasedforskilledworkersbutdecreasedforunskilledworkers.

D.Theyhadincreasedinlargesoutherncitiesbutdecreasedinsmallsouthernones.

问题3选项

A.peoplewhomigratefromruralareastolargecitiesusuallydosoforeconomicreasons

B.mostpeoplewholeaveruralareastoworkincitiesreturntoruralareasassoonasitisfinanciallypossibleforthemtodoso

C.peoplewithruralbackgroundsarelesslikelytosucceedeconomicallyincitiesthanthosewithurbanbackgrounds

D.mostpeoplewhowereonceskilledworkersarenotwillingtoworkasunskilledworkers

问题4选项

A.introducearecentlydiscoveredsourceofinformation

B.supportanalternativetoanacceptedmethodology

C.presentevidencethatresolvesacontradiction

D.challengeawidelyacceptedexplanation

问题5选项

A.TheEffectofMigrationontheRegionalEconomiesoftheUnitedStatesFollowingtheFirstWorldWar.

B.TheRea