考研考博-英语-厦门海洋职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-厦门海洋职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversiononAnswerSheet.(10%)

Likethepopulationexplosion,thescientificandtechnologicalrevolutionbegantopickupspeedslowlyduringtheeighteenthcentury.Andthisongoingrevolutionhasalsosuddenlyacceleratedexponentially.Forexample,itisnowanaxiominmanyfieldsofsciencethatmorenewandimportantdiscoverieshavetakenplaceinthelasttenyearsthanintheentireprevioushistoryofscience.Whilenosinglediscoveryhashadthekindofeffectonourrelationshiptotheearththatnuclearweaponshavehadonourrelationshiptowarfare,itisneverthelesstruethattakentogether,theyhavecompletelytransformedourcumulativeabilitytoexploittheearthforsustenance—makingtheconsequencesofunrestrainedexploitationeverybitasunthinkableastheconsequencesofunrestrainednuclearwar.

【答案】和人口爆炸一样，科技革命在十八世纪开始慢慢加速。之后这场正在进行的革命也突然呈指数地加速。例如，在过去十年中发生的重大新发现比以往整个科学史上的发现都要多，这已成为许多科学领域的一个公理。虽然没有任何一项发现产生了像核武器对我们与战争的关系所产生的影响一样，对我们与地球的关系产生了如此大的影响，但总的来说，它们完全改变了我们为维持生存而不断积累的开采地球的能力，这使得无节制开采的后果与无节制的核战争的后果一样难以想象。

2.写作题

Asthesocietydevelops,interpersonalrelationshipsaregettingmoreandmoreindifferent.Pleasemakecommentonthephenomena.

【答案】Itseemsveryridiculousthatpeoplelivingsoneardon’tknoweachotherforsuchalongtime.However,theconditionisperformedeverywhere.Itistheexactreflectionofinterpersonalrelationshipsinthemodemworldwheremostpeopleliveinapartments.Theyclosetheirdoorsandnevergooutassoonastheygethomefromwork.Iftheylivealone,theywillkilltheirtimebywatchingTVorreadingmagazines.Theydon’thaveanyconnectionsevenwiththeirclosestneighbors，whoseemnodifferentfrompeopletheymeeteverydayinthestreet.

Thisphenomenonisneithergoodtous,nortooursociety.Peoplewillfeellonelyandbecomemoreandmoreindifferentsothatinterpersonalrelationshipsarenotharmonious.Interpersonalcommunicationisveryimportanttous.Firstly,itisessentialforourphysicalwell-being.Lackofcommunicationshowsawiderangeofmedicalhazards.Sociallyisolatedpeoplearefoundtobetwoorthreetimesmorelikelytosufferfrompoorhealththanthosewithstrongsocialties.Steadyinterpersonalcommunicationcontributestothelongevityofourlives.Secondly,interpersonalcommunicationenablesustohaveasenseofouridentity.Deprivedofcommunicationwithothers,wecanhardlyhaveaclearideaofidentity.Oursenseofidentitycomesfromthewayweinteractwithotherpeople.Wedecidewhatwearelikebasedonhowothersreacttous.Inourlifeweneedtofeelasenseofbelongingtosomepersonalrelationship.Weneedtoinfluenceothersandfeelsomesenseofpoweroverourworld,andtocareforothersandknowthattheycareforus,thustohaveasenseofaffectionandfriendship.Lastly,interpersonalcommunicationisthemeansofimportantinformationineveryrespect,whichmakesuswellinformedandhelpsustogrow.

Tosumup,interpersonalcommunicationisjustasnecessaryaswaterandairtousinourworkandlife.Weshouldpaygreatattentiontotheamountofinterpersonalcommunicationaswellastothewaysofdoingit.Properandskillfulinterpersonalcommunicationwillsatisfyourphysicalneeds,psychologicalneeds,socialneedsandpracticalneeds.

3.单选题

Wehaveknownforalongtimethattheorganizationofanyparticularsocietyisinfluencedbythedefinitionofthesexesandthedistinctiondrawnbetweenthem.Butwehaverealizedonlyrecentlythattheidentityofeachsexisnotsoeasytopindown,andthatdefinitionsevolveinaccordancewithdif-ferenttypesofcultureknowntous,thatis,scientificdiscoveriesandideologicalrevolutions.Ourna-tureisnotconsideredasimmutable,eithersociallyorbiologically.Asweapproachthebeginningofthe21stcentury,thesubstantialprogressmadeinbiologyandgeneticsisradicallychallengingtheroles,responsibilitiesandspecificcharacteristicsattributedtoeachsex,andyet,scarcelytwentyyearsago,thesewerethoughttobe“beyonddispute”.

Wecansafelysay，withafewminorexceptions,thatthedefinitionofthesexesandtheirrespec-tivefunctionsremainedunchangedintheWestfromthebeginningofthe19thcenturytothe1960s.Theroledistinction,raisedinsomecasestothestatusofuncompromisingdualismonastronglyhier-archicalmodel,lastedthroughoutthisperiod,appealingforitsjustificationtonature,religionandcustomsallegedtohaveexistedsincethedawnoftime.Thewomanborechildrenandtookcareofthehome.Themansetouttoconquertheworldandwasresponsibleforthesurvivalofhisfamily,bysat-isfyingtheirneedsinpeacetimeandgoingtowarwhennecessary.

Theentireworldorderrestedonthedivergenceofthesexes.Anyoverlappingorconfusionbe-tweentheroleswasseenasathreattothetime-honoredorderofthings.Itwasfelttobeagainstna-ture,adeviationfromthenorm.

Sexrolesweredeterminedaccordingtothe“place”appropriatetoeach.Women’splacewas,firstandforemost,inthehome.Theoutsideworld,i.e.workshops,factoriesandbusinessfirms,be-longedtomen.Thissex-baseddivisionoftheworld(privateandpublic)gaverisetoastrictdichoto-mybetweentheattitudes,whichconferredoneachitsspecialidentity.Thewoman,sequesteredathome,“cared,nurturedandconserved•Todothis,shehadnoneedtobedaring,ambitious,toughorcompetitive.Theman,ontheotherhand,competingwithhisfellowmen,wascaughtupev-erydayinthestruggleforsurvival,andhencedevelopedthosecharacteristicswhichwerethoughtnat-uralinaman.

Today,manywomengoouttowork,andtheirreasonsfordoingsohavechangedconsiderably.Besidesthetraditionalfinancialincentives,wefindambitionandpersonalfulfillmentmotivatingthoseinthemostfavorablecircumstances,andthewishtohaveasociallifeandtogetoutoftheirdomesticisolationinfluencingothers.Aboveall，forallwomen,workisinvariablyconnectedwiththedesireforindependence.

1.Itisonlyinrecentyearsthatwehaverecognizedthat（）

2.Fromparagraph1wecaninferthatitisnowpossibleforwomentoembarkonacareer

because（）

3.TheauthorbelievesthatsexdiscriminationintheWestbeforethe1960swas（）

4.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,theauthorseemstothinkthat（）

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantreasonforwomentogotowork?

问题1选项

A.thereisalmostnocluetotheidentityofbothsexes

B.theroledistinctionbetweendifferentsexesisconspicuous

C.thedifferentdefinitionsofsexesbearsonthedevelopmentofculture

D.theprogressofcivilizationgreatlyinfluencestheroledefinitionsofsexes

问题2选项

A.thechangeinsexrolesisoutofthequestion

B.women’slibhasbeengoingonformanyyears

C.ideasabouttherolesofwomenhavebeenchanging

D.theexpansionofsciencesscarcelyremoldsthewomen’sroles

问题3选项

A.preferable

B.prevalent

C.presumable

D.precedent

问题4选项

A.femalepassivityisnatural

B.menandwomenarephysicallyidentical

C.menareborncompetitiveandaggressive

D.somedifferentsexidentityisacquired

问题5选项

A.Wishtoclaimtheirrightsandfreedom.

B.Ambitionandself-fulfillment.

C.Financialincentives.

D.Desireforasociallife.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节题。根据题干关键词“inrecentyearsthatwehaverecognized”定位至第一段：Butwehaverealizedonlyrecentlythattheidentityofeachsexisnotsoeasytopindown,andthatdefinitionsevolveinaccordancewithdifferenttypesofcultureknowntous,thatis,scientificdiscoveriesandideologicalrevolutions（但直到最近，我们才意识到，每一种性别的身份并不容易被确定下来，而且定义是根据我们所知的不同类型的文化，即科学发现和意识形态革命而演变的）。因此，D项正确。

2.细节题。定位至第一段：Asweapproachthebeginningofthe21stcentury,thesubstantialprogressmadeinbiologyandgeneticsisradicallychallengingtheroles,responsibilitiesandspecificcharacteristicsattributedtoeachsex,andyet,scarcelytwentyyearsago,thesewerethoughttobe“beyonddispute”（在接近21世纪初的时候，生物学和遗传学取得的实质性进展正在从根本上挑战每一性别所扮演的角色、责任和特定特征，然而，就在20年前，这些被认为是“无可争议的”）。因此，C项（关于妇女角色的观念一直在改变）正确。

3.语义题。根据题干关键词“sexdiscriminationintheWestbeforethe1960s”定位至第二段：...lastedthroughoutthisperiod,appealingforitsjustificationtonature,religionandcustomsallegedtohaveexistedsincethedawnoftime.Thewomanborechildrenandtookcareofthehome，因此这种性别差异一直以来都存在。Preferable略胜一筹的；prevalent普遍存在的；presumable可推测的；precedent在先的。因此，B项正确。

4.细节题。定位至第四段，作者认为性别分工及性格形成并不是自然而然的事情。因此，D项（一些性别身份的不同是后天获得的）正确。

5.细节题。定位至最后一段：Aboveall,forallwomen,workisinvariablyconnectedwiththedesireforindependence（对于所有女性来说，工作是想要独立）。因此，A项（希望获得权力和自由）概括全面。

4.单选题

Inspiteoftheattractions,Guidehasnotadoptedthisuniformapproach,mainlybecauseunifyingratherdifferenttypesofobjectsdoesnot（

）simplicity.

问题1选项

A.makefor

B.makeup

C.makeoff

D.makeout

【答案】A

【解析】考察动词词组辨析。makefor“有助于；造就”；makeup“构成；编造”；makeoff“匆忙离开”；makeout“理解；辨认”。句意：...原因在于将不同类型的对象统一起来并不能够有助于简化。选项A符合句意。

5.单选题

TheAppleProject,code-named“Titan”,employedseveralhundredpeopleworkingafewmilesfromApple’sheadquartersinCupertino,and（）autoindustryexperts.

问题1选项

A.allowed

B.sponsored

C.gathered

D.recruited

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项allowed表示“允许，承认，接受”，B选项sponsored表示“赞助，发起，筹款”，C选项gathered表示“聚集，集中”，D选项recruited表示“招聘，雇佣，招募”。分析句子结构可知，空缺处缺少部分为句子谓语动词。由前文关键信息“employedseveralhundredpeople”可知，后文也应表示“招聘了一些自动化专家”，因此本题正确答案为D选项。

6.单选题

Hackersneverwerepartofthemainstreamestablishment,buttheircurrentreputationasvillainsofcyberspaceisafarcryfromtheearlydayswhen,firstandforemost,theywereseenasardentifquirkyprogrammers,capableofnear-miraculous,unorthodoxfeatsofmachinemanipulation.Buttheshiftinpopularperceptiontohackersasdeviantsandcriminalsisimportantnotonlybecauseitaffectsthehackersthemselvesandtheextraordinaryculturethathasgrownaroundthem,butbecauseitreflectsshiftsinthedevelopment,governance,andmeaningofthenewinformationtechnology.

InHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolution,StevenLevytracestherootsofevolvinghackercommunitiestotheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyinthelate1950s.Here,coremembersoftheTechModelRailroadClub“discovered”computersfirstasatoolforenhancingtheirbelovedmodelrailroadsandthenasobjectsofpassionintheirownright.TheyturnedtheirconsiderablecreativeenergiestothetaskofbuildingandprogrammingMIT'searlymainframesinuneasybutrelativelypeacefulcoexistencewithformalemployeesoftheuniversity'stechnicalstaff.

Formidableprogrammers,thesehackersproducedanddebuggedcomputercodesatanastonishingrate.Theyhelpeddevelophardwareandsoftwareforexistingcomputerfunctionsandinventednovelalgorithmsandapplicationsthatwereincorporatedintosubsequentgenerationsofcomputers.Thesenovelfunctionsnotonlyextendedrecreationalcapabilities—gaming,virtualreality,anddigitizedmusic一butalsoincreasedpracticalcapabilitiessuchasthecontrolofrobotsandprocessingspeeds.Obsessiveworkalsoyieldedahostofbasicsystemsubroutinesandutilitiesthatpushedoperatingcapacitiesandefficiencytonewheights,andbecameafundamentalpartofwhatweexperienceeverytimewesitinfrontofacomputer.

Thisbookdescribeslegendaryhackingbinges—daysandnightswithlittleornosleep—leadingtoproductsthatsurprisedandsometimesannoyedcolleaguesinmainstreamacademicandresearchpositions.“Thepurehack”didnotrespectprescribedmethodsortheory-driven,top-downapproachestocomputerscienceandengineering.Theunconventionallifestyledidnotseemtoputoffadherents,eventhoughitcouldbeprettyunwholesome:adisregardforpatternsofnightandday,adietofjunk-food,inattentiontopersonalappearanceandhygiene,andthevirtualabsenceofanylifeoutsideofhacking.

Itwasnotonlysingle-mindedattachmenttotheircraftthatdefinedtheseearlybackersbuttheirespousalofanideologyinformallycalledthe“hackerethic.”Thiscreedincludedseveralelements:commitmenttototalandfreeaccesstocomputersandinformation,beliefinimmensepowersofcomputerstoimprovepeople'slivesandcreateartandbeauty,disdainforobstacleserectedagainstfreeaccesstocomputing,andaninsistencethathackersbeevaluatedbynoothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment.Inotherwords,thecultureofhackingincorporatedpoliticalandmoralvaluesaswellastechnicalends.

1.TherelationshipbetweenthehackercommunityandMITadministrationinthelate1950scanbebestdescribedas（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueinthispassage?

3.ThelifestyleofhackersdescribedinHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolutionis（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthehackerethic?

问题1选项

A.ongoodterms

B.somewhatunsettled

C.hostile

D.tricky

问题2选项

A.Existingcomputerfunctionshavebeenimprovedwiththehelpofhackers.

B.Hacker'seffortshavecontributedtoincreasingcapabilitiesofourcomputerinseveralways.

C.Hackersaregenerallytakenasillegalinthepast.

D.Hackersbelievethattheirtechnicalaccomplishmentistheonlycriterionforevaluatingthem.

问题3选项

A.unconventional

B.innovative

C.annoying

D.outofdate

问题4选项

A.Strongwilltoovercomedifficultiesthatstandintheway.

B.Devotiontogetfreeaccesstoinformation.

C.Concentrationontheimprovementoftheircraft.

D.Immensepowertocreateartandbeauty.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.TherelationshipbetweenthehackercommunityandMITadministrationinthelate1950scanbebestdescribedas______.1.20世纪50年代末，黑客团体和麻省理工学院管理部门之间的关系可以用______来描述。

A.ongoodtermsA.关系和睦的

B.somewhatunsettledB.有点不稳定的

C.hostileC.敌对的

D.trickyD.非常微妙的

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第二段的最后一句“他们把大量的创造力投入到建造和编程MIT早期的大型机的任务中，与大学的技术人员在不稳定但相对和睦的环境中共存（inuneasybutrelativelypeacefulcoexistence）”，从中可知，20世纪50年代末，黑客团体和MIT之间的关系是相当和睦的。A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B项“有点不稳定的”在文中虽然提及，但并不是重点之处，属于本末倒置；

C项“敌对的”与原文相反，反向干扰；

D项“非常微妙的”没提及，无中生有。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueinthispassage?2.下面哪一项在这段话中是不正确的？

A.Existingcomputerfunctionshavebeenimprovedwiththehelpofhackers.A.在黑客的帮助下，现有的计算机功能得到了改进。

B.Hacker’seffortshavecontributedtoincreasingcapabilitiesofourcomputerinseveralways.B.黑客的努力在几个方面帮助我们提高了计算机的性能。

C.Hackersaregenerallytakenasillegalinthepast.C.在过去，黑客通常被认为是非法的。

D.Hackersbelievethattheirtechnicalaccomplishmentistheonlycriterionforevaluatingthem.D.黑客相信他们的技术成就是评价他们的唯一标准。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第一段首句“黑客从来都不是主流机构的一部分，但他们目前作为网络空间恶棍的名声，与早期的情形相去甚远，当时，他们首先被视为热情而古怪的程序员，能够近乎奇迹般地完成非正统的机器操作壮举。”，从中可知，在过去，黑客是被视为热情而古怪的程序员，且技术精通；并且本文主要不是讲黑客犯罪或其他黑历史，而是讲早前的黑客其实与现在大不同，C项“在过去，黑客通常被认为是非法的”与全文基调不符。故该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“在黑客的帮助下，现有的计算机功能得到了改进”和B项“黑客的努力在几个方面帮助我们提高了计算机的性能”从原文第三段可以得知，第三段提到黑客帮助开发了用于现有计算机功能的硬件和软件，并发明了新的算法和应用程序，而且还扩展了计算机的许多功能，他们还将计算机操作能力和效率推到了新的高度，所以该两项符合原文，属于反向干扰；

D项“黑客相信他们的技术成就是评价他们的唯一标准”根据末段倒数第二句“……他们坚信评估黑客的标准只有精湛的技术和成就（hackersbeevaluatedbynoothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment）”，所以该项也符合原文，属于反向干扰。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.ThelifestyleofhackersdescribedinHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolutionis______.3.《黑客：计算机革命的英雄》中描述的黑客的生活方式是______。

A.unconventionalA.非常规的，非传统的

B.innovativeB.创新的

C.annoyingC.令人讨厌的

D.outofdateD.过时的

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据倒数第二段最后一句“这种非传统的生活方式（Theunconventionallifestyle）似乎并没有让追随者们反感……”，从中可知，黑客的生活方式是非传统的。A项正确。

【干扰项排除】B项“创新的”、C项“令人讨厌的”和D项“过时的”根据解题思路可知，曲解原文。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthehackerethic?4.以下哪一项包含在黑客伦理中？

A.Strongwilltoovercomedifficultiesthatstandintheway.A.克服阻碍前进的困难的坚强意志。

B.Devotiontogetfreeaccesstoinformation.B.致力于免费获取信息。

C.Concentrationontheimprovementoftheircraft.C.专注于提高他们的技艺。

D.Immensepowertocreateartandbeauty.D.创造艺术和美的巨大力量。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据关键词hackerethic定位至最后一段第二句“这个信条包括几个要素：承诺免费使用电脑和信息（totalandfreeaccesstocomputersandinformation），相信计算机的巨大力量（beliefinimmensepowersofcomputers）可以改善人们的生活以及创造艺术和美丽，蔑视针对自由访问计算而设置的障碍（disdainforobstacleserectedagainstfreeaccesstocomputing），和坚持评估黑客的标准只有精湛的技术和成就（insistencethathackersbeevaluatedbyothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment）”，从中可知，B项“致力于免费获取信息”是包含在黑客伦理里面的。故该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“克服阻碍前进的困难的坚强意志”原文没有提及，无中生有；

C项“专注于提高他们的技艺”，原文是坚持评估黑客的标准只有精湛的技术和成就，并没有说明他们要专注于提高技艺，曲解原文；

D项“创造艺术和美的巨大力量”，原文是“计算机的巨大力量（immensepowersofcomputers）”，并不是艺术和美的巨大力量，属于曲解原文。

7.单选题

There'sabuzzintheairattheElDiabloCoffeeCo.inSeattle,andit'snotjustcomingfromthearomaoftheshop'sCuban-stylecoffeedrinks.OnarecentWednesdayevening,asmostcustomerssatquietlyreadingbooksortappingawayontheirlaptopcomputers,about15peoplegatheredinacirclediscussingphilosophy.“Whatisawell-livedlife?”askedone,asthegroupenjoyedanintellectualhigh.

KnownasaSocratesCafe,thegroupatElDiabloisjustoneof150orsothatmeetincoffeeshops,bookstores,libraries,churchesandcommunitycentersacrossthecountry.FoundedbyChristopherPhillips,aformerjournalistandteacher,thecafesaredesignedtogetpeopletalkingaboutphilosophicalissues.UsingakindofSocraticmethod,theyencouragepeopletodeveloptheirviewsbyposingquestions,beingopentochallengesandconsideringalternativeanswers.AdheringtoSocrates’beliefthattheunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving,thecafesfocusonexchangingideas,notusingthemtopummelotherparticipants.

“Insteadofjustyellingbackandforth,wetakeafewstepsbackandexaminepeople'sunderlyingvalues.Peoplecanaskwhytotheirheart'scontent^’’saysPhilips,whosemostrecentbookSixQuestionsofSocrates,cameoutearlierthisyear.

Whileamodern-daydiscussiongroupbasedontheteachingsofathinkerfromthe5thcenturyB.C.mayseemweirdlyoutdated,SocratesCafeshavefoundasurprisinglylargeanddiversefollowing.“Peoplewhogetoffonideascometothis,”saysFredKorn,65,aretiredphilosophyprofessor,whoattendstheWednesday-nightmeetingsatElDiablo.“Outsideofcollege,there'renotalotofopportunitiestogettogetherwithpeoplewhowanttotalkaboutideas.”

ForPhilips,thedialoguegroupsareaboutmuchmorethangoodconversation.“It'sgrass-rootsdemocracy.”hesays.“It'sonlyinagroupsettingthatpeoplecanhashouttheirideasabouthowweshouldactnotjustasanindividualbutasasociety.”Toavoiddivisivedead-endarguments,thecafesfrequentlyturncurrenteventsintobroaderphilosophicalquestions.Forexample,insteadofarguingaboutwhethergaycouplesshouldmarry,agroupasked,“whatisanexcellentmarriage?”

WhilePhillipsbelievesthecafescanbenefitanyone,oneofhisfavoritegroupsischildren.Philosophyisimportantforkidsofallages,Philipsays,because“itgivesthemthisgreatchancetoshapetheirmoralcode,tofigureoutclearlywhotheyareandwhotheywanttobe...Thewholeideaisnotthatwehavetofindafinalanswer;it’sthatwekeepthinkingaboutthesethings.”Onequestionatatime.

1.BydescribingthesceneoftheElDiabloCoffee,theauthorimpliesthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thediscussiongroupholdsthat（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,SocratesCafesare（）.

4.Thediscussiongroupusuallyavoidstalkingaboutcurrenteventsinorderto（）.

5.Bymentioning“Onequestionatatime”inthelastsentence,theauthormeansthatchildrenshould

（）.

问题1选项

A.theElDiabloCoffeeisthefirstCafewherepeoplemeettodiscussphilosophy

B.discussiongroupsbasedontheteachingsofSocratesarerevivingatcafes

C.whenthinkingaboutthemeaningoflife,peopleoftenenjoyhighspirits

D.manypeopleenjoydiscussingphilosophy,especiallytheteachingsofSocrates

问题2选项

A.peopleshouldattackothers’views

B.peopleshouldchallengetheauthority

C.peopleshouldhelpothers

D.peopleshouldmeditateontheirlife

问题3选项

A.welcomedbyalargenumberofoverseasvisitors

B.consideredgoodplacestotalkaboutphilosophy

C.placeswherepeoplearefreetoaskallkindsofquestions

D.placeswherepeoplearefreetocriticizeothers’views

问题4选项

A.preventunsolvabledispute

B.wardofftendersubjects

C.studyphilosophicalquestions

D.focusongeneraltopics

问题5选项

A.askonequestionatatime

B.thinkaboutonequestionatatime

C.discussonequestionatatime

D.answeronequestionatatime

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“通过描绘咖啡店的场面，作者暗示了什么？”文章第四段第一句话提到“虽然一个以公元前5世纪思想家教义为基础的现代讨论组织可能古怪过时，但是苏格拉底咖啡馆却意外地吸引了一大群形形色色的追随者”（Whileamodern-daydiscussiongroupbasedontheteachingsofathinkerfromthe5thcenturyB.C.mayseemweirdlyoutdated,SocratesCafeshavefoundasurprisinglylargeanddiversefollowing），由此可知选项D“很多人喜欢讨论哲学，尤其是苏格拉底的教义”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，讨论组织持有什么观点？”文章第二段最后一句话提到“秉承苏格拉底的信念，‘未经审视的生活不值得过下去’，咖啡馆专注于交换想法，而不是用它们来打击其他参与者”（AdheringtoSocrates’beliefthattheunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving,thecafesfocusonexchangingideas,notusingthemtopummelotherparticipants），由此可知选项D“人们应该沉思他们的生活”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，苏格拉底咖啡是……”。文章第二段第二句话提到“咖啡馆是由前记者兼教师Christopher创办，旨在让人们谈论哲学问题”（FoundedbyChristopherPhillips,aformerjournalistandteacher,thecafesaredesignedtogetpeopletalkingaboutphilosophicalissues），因此选项B“被认为是一个谈论哲学的好去处”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“讨论组时常避免谈论时事是为了……”。文章第五段提到“为了避免陷入无休止的争论，咖啡馆经常将时事转变成更广的哲学问题”（Toavoiddivisivedead-endarguments,thecafesfrequentlyturncurrenteventsintobroaderphilosophicalquestions），因此选项A符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“文章最后一行提到‘一次一个问题’，作者认为孩子们应该……”。文章最后一段提到这给他们（孩子们）一个很好的机会来塑造他们的道德准则，弄清楚他们是谁，他们想成为谁。整个想法并不是说我们必须找到一个最终的答案，而是我们一直在想这些事情（Thewholeideaisnotthatwehavetofindafinalanswer;it'sthatwekeepthinkingaboutthesethings），随后提出onequestionatatime，因此可知是“一次思考一个问题”，选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

TheannualmeetingoftheWorldEconomicForum,(“WEF”)inDavos,Switzerland,waswellunderwaywhenitofficiallycommenced,earlyonaWednesdayeveninginJanuary,withanaddress,intheCongressHalloftheCongressCenter,byAngelaMerkel,theChancellorofGermany.ShehadalottosayaboutEurope.Someofit—“DowedaremoreEurope?Yes,wedodare”—madethenews.ButoutsidethehallmanyDavosparticipantspaidhernomind.Theyloiteredinvariousloungescarryingonconversationswitheachother.Theytalkedandtalked—asthoughtheyhadn'tbeentalkingallday.Theyhadtalkedwhilesittingonpanelsorwhileskippingpanelsthatothersweresittingon.“HistoricComplexity:HowDidWeGetHere?”“TheCompensationQuestion,”“GlobalRisks2012:TheSeedsofDystopia”:overthecourseoffivedays,amancouldskipmorethantwohundredandfiftysuchsessions.

Davosis,fundamentally,anexerciseincorporatespeed-dating.“Everyonecomesbecauseeveryoneelsecomes,”LarrySummerstoldme.Ahedge-fundmanageroraC.E.O.canpackintoafewdaysthedozensofmeetings—withotherexecutives,withheadsofstateortheirdeputies,withnon-governmentalorganizationswhosephonecallsmightotherwisehavebeenignored—thatitwouldnormallytakemonthstoarrangeandtensofthousandsofGulfstreammilestoattend.Theyconductthesecompressedandoccasionallyfruitfulcouplings,theso-calledbilateralmeetings,eitherinprivateroomsthattheW.E.F.hassetasideforthispurposeorinhotelrooms,restaurants,andhallways.Allthat'smissingisthehourlyrate.

ManyDavosparticipantsrarely,ifever,attendevenone.Instead,theyfloataroundintheslackspaces,sittingdowntoonearrangedmeetingafteranother,orelsemakingthemselvesavailableforchanceencounters,eitherwithfriendsorwithstrangerswhomtheywilleverafterbeabletorefertoasfriends.TheCongressCenter,thedaytimehub,isawarrenofinterconnectedlounges,cafes,lobbies,andlecturehalls,withespressobars,juicestations,andstacksofapplesscatteredabout.Theparticipantshavetheirpreferredhoveringareas.Wanderingthecenterinsearchofpeopletotalktowaslikefishingastretchofriver;onecouldobserve,overtime,whichpoolsheldwhichfish,andwhattimesofdaytheylikedtofeed.JamieDimon,runningshoesinhand,neartheespressostandbytheGlobalLeadershipFellowsProgram,inthelateafternoon.FareedZakaria,happilybesieged,intheIndustryPartnersLounge,justbeforelunch.Thelunkerswouldveryoccasionallyemergefromtheirdeepholes(therewererumorsofsecretpassageways)andglidethroughthecrowd,withaidesalongside,likepilotfish.(TheW.E.F.saysthatDavosisanentourage-freezone,butthisdoesn'tseemtoapplytothebiggestofthebigwheels,likeheadsofstate.)Itissaidthatthefasteryouwalkthemoreimportantyouare.

Itisaname-dropper'sparadise.Centralbankers,industrialchiefs,hedge-fundtitans,gloomyforecasters,astrophysicists,monks,rabbis,techwizards,museumcurators,universitypresidents,financialbloggers,virtuousheirs.IfoundmyselfinconversationwithanewspapercolumnistandanexecutivefromMcKinsey&Company,themanagement-consultingfirm.Thiswasserendipitous,assomanyconversationsinDavosturnouttobe,because,attheurgingofmany,IwassupposedtobeanglingforaninvitationtotheMcKinseyparty,attheBelvedereHotel.Amust,peoplesaid,withaglint.Iwassuspicious,owingtoanincongruitybetweenthewords“party”and“managementconsulting.”ButthiswasDavos.Theexecutivecheerfullyaddedmetothelist.AMcKinseyforaMerkel:afairtrade.

ThenewcomerhearsrepeatedbitsofDavosadvice.Ridetheshuttle:youmightmeetsomeone.Gotoasessionthatdealswithasubjectyouknownothingabout:youmightlearnsomething.Comenextyear,andtheoneafter,iftheyinviteyouback:youmightbegintounderstand.Everyonesaysthatyoucan'tgetthehangofDavosuntilyou'vebeenthreeorfourtimes.Somanythingsaregoingonatoncethatitisimpossibletodoevenatenthofthem.Youcouldspendtheweekinyourhotelroom,puzzlingoveraplan,wrestlingwithyourdoubtsandregrets,butapersonwhowoulddothisisnotthekindwhowouldbeinvitedtoDavos.

Anotheradmonition:nomatterhowmuchyoudo,youwillalwayshavethesensethatsomethingelse,somethingbetter,isgoingonelsewhere.Ontheout