考研考博-英语-合肥学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-合肥学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ifyoucannotattendthemeeting,pleasefindsomeoneto____foryou.

问题1选项

A.replace

B.substitute

C.displace

D.misplace

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.replace取代B.substitute代替

C.displace取代；替代D.misplace随意搁置；乱放

【答案】B

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】substitutefor意为“代替；取代”。由句意“如果你不能参加会议，请找人……你。”可知该搭配符合句意，意为“如果你不能参加会议，请找人代替你。”因此选A。

【干扰项排除】

A选项replace“取代”，replacefor意为“将……取代成……”，不符合语境；

C选项displace“取代；替代”，不与for搭配；

D选项misplace“随意搁置；乱放”不符合语境。

【句意】如果你不能参加会议，请找人代替你。

2.单选题

ThemouthoftheAmazonRiverhaslongbeenastartingplaceforhuntersgoingtothejunglesofBrazil.Inrecentyearsithasbeen,too,theheadquartersforamiddle-agedAmericancouplewhohuntthesmallestlivingthingsandperhapsthemostdeadly-viruses.Dr.Causeyandhiswifehavediscoveredmorenewtypesandmoreoldonesinnewplacesthanalloftheothersearchteams.

Dr.Causeyinsiststhatthecouple’ssuccessisduemoretothenumberofvirusesintheforestsoftheAmazonthantotheskillheandhiswifehavedevelopedduringtheireighteenyearsofworkinBrazil.

“Wehavefoundtheloveliestdiseasesrightinourbackyard,”hetoldmeonedayaswewalkedthroughalighttrainalongajungletrail.

“Oh,thesevirusesarehereallright.Thereisinthejungleagreatpoolofdiseasewhichiscarriedinthebloodofanimalsandbirds.Someofthediseasescanbecaughtbypeople.Itmaybethatweshallfindthatthejungleisagreatcenterofvirusdiseaseandthatitoverflowsfromheretootherpartsoftheworld.Itmaybethatbirdscarrythevirusestofarcountries.Itmaybethatsomeviruseswhichpresentlyreproduceinmanwithoutmakinghimill,maychangeandbecomedeadlytohim.‘Viruseswaitingforadisease,’theyaresometimescalled.Thisisjustanidea,youunderstand.Wedonotknow,butitisimportantthatwefindout,andthefirststepinfindingoutistolearnwhatvirusesthereareinthejungles.”

ThereisaBrazilianstoryaboutthebeginningoftheworldwhichgoes:WhenGodwasmakingtheworldhetriedtokeepeverythinginbalance.Whenhemadeadesert,heprovideditwithsomegreenplaces.Whenhemadealandthatwasbeautiful,hegaveitstormsandotherterriblethingscausedbytheweather.Wheretheearthwasrichbelowthesurface,itwasalsomadehardtoliveon.Wherethelandcouldbefarmed,theweatherwasmadetoohotortoocoldortoodry.Wheretherewasenoughwater,Godmadeitsothatthereshouldsometimesbetoomuchwater.

“ButinoneplaceGodmadealandthatwasrich,whereeverythinggreweasily.Whereitwasnottoohotandcertainlynottoocold,whereanimalswereplentifulandfruithungfromthetreesalltheyearround.”

“Theangelslookedatthislovelinessandwerejealousofman.”TheyaskedGodifthiswasnottoobeautiful,toomuchlikeheaven,thisvalleyoftheAmazon.

“AndGodsaid,True,thislandlookslikeheaven,butwaituntilyouseewhathappenstomanwhenhetriestoliveinit.”

1.TheCauseyschosethemouthoftheAmazonastheirheadquarters______.

2.AccordingtoDr.Causey,thesuccessofhiswifeandhimselfwasmainlydueto______.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

4.WhenDr.Causeysaid,“Wehavefoundtheloveliestdiseasesrightinourbackyard”,hemeant______.

5.ThecentralideaoftheBrazilianlegendisthat______.

问题1选项

A.inordertohuntanimalsofthejungles

B.becauseitwasthestartingpointofmosthunters

C.becausetheydidnotwanttostayinthejungle

D.inordertohaveeasyaccesstothejungle

问题2选项

A.their18yearsofworkinBrazil

B.theirrichandincomparableexperience

C.alargeamountofvirusesintheAmazonforest

D.theirwell-chosenheadquartersatthemouthofRiverAmazon

问题3选项

A.Thejungleistheonlyplacewherewecanfindviruses.

B.TheCauseyswenttoBraziltolookforvirusesandwildanimals.

C.Virusesareonlycarriedinthebloodofanimals.

D.Notallvirusesare,atpresent,harmfultoman.

问题4选项

A.newviruseshavejustbeendiscovered

B.hisdiscoverywasabitfrightening

C.heandhiswifeweresurroundedbyharmfulviruses

D.hisjobwasuninterestingatall

问题5选项

A.thingsinnaturetendtobebalanced

B.theAmazonisthebestplaceGodhascreated

C.evenGodcannotdoeverythingperfectly

D.thereisnotsuchaplaceasheaveninthisworld

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句ThemouthoftheAmazonRiverhaslongbeenastartingplaceforhuntersgoingtothejunglesofBrazil.（长期以来，亚马逊河口一直是猎人前往巴西丛林的起点）。B选项“因为这是大多数猎人的起点”，B选项符合题意，因此B选项正确。A选项“来猎取丛林里的动物”，文章只是说猎捕最小的生物，可排除A选项。C选项“因为他们不想呆在丛林里”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“以便方便地进入丛林”，文章没有提到是为了方便进入丛林，才把总部设在河口，可排除D选项。因此B选项为正确答案。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。我们可以定位到文章第二段Dr.Causeyinsiststhatthecouple’ssuccessisduemoretothenumberofvirusesintheforestsoftheAmazonthantotheskillheandhiswifehavedevelopedduringtheireighteenyearsofworkinBrazil.（Causey博士坚持认为，这对夫妇的成功更多是由于亚马逊森林里的病毒数量，而不是他和妻子在巴西工作的18年所培养的技能。）根据凯西博士的话语推测他们的成功离不开亚马逊森林里的病毒。C选项“亚马逊森林里有大量的病毒”符合文章内容，C选项正确。A选项“他们在巴西工作了18年”，文章所说他们的成功不是因为18年的工作所培养的技能，A选项排除。B选项“他们丰富而无可比拟的经验”，文章所说，不是由于他们18年所培养的技能，B选项可排除。D选项“他们精心挑选的亚马逊河口总部”，文章第二段没有提到此内容，可排除。因此C选项为正确答案。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。D选项“目前，并非所有的病毒都对人类有害”，文章所说“有些目前在人体内繁殖而不使人生病的病毒”，D选项正确。A选项“丛林是唯一能找到病毒的地方”，说法过于绝对，可排除。B选项“Causeys去了巴西寻找病毒和野生动物”，他们主要是为了抓捕小动物，B选项可排除。C选项“病毒只在动物的血液中携带”，文章所说，有些疾病会被人类感染，并带到其他地方，因此C选项可排除。因此D选项为正确答案。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。通过题干我们可以定位到文章第三段“Wehavefoundtheloveliestdiseasesrightinourbackyard,”hetoldmeonedayaswewalkedthroughalighttrainalongajungletrail.（我们在自家后院发现了最可爱的疾病，一天，当我们走过一条丛林小径的轻轨时，他对我说），因此可推测，凯西夫妇居住周围，都围绕着病毒。C选项“他和他的妻子被有害的病毒包围着”，符合文章内容，C选项正确。A选项“新病毒刚刚被发现”，确实发现了病毒，但不确定是不是新的病毒，A选项可排除。B选项“他的发现有点吓人”，文章提到发现的病毒是最可爱的，因此可推测，他们愿意发现病毒，B选项可排除。D选项“他的工作一点也不有趣”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除D。因此C选项为正确答案。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。通过题干我们可以定位到文章倒数第四段第一句ThereisaBrazilianstoryaboutthebeginningoftheworldwhichgoes:WhenGodwasmakingtheworldhetriedtokeepeverythinginbalance.（有一个关于世界起源的巴西故事：当上帝创造世界的时候，他试图让一切保持平衡）。A选项“自然界的事物往往是平衡的”符合文章内容，因此A选项正确。B选项“亚马逊是上帝创造的最好的地方”，文中所说天使们认为亚马逊是很像天堂的地方，但是上帝却说住在这里的人会发生什么事是不确定的，因此B选项可排除。C选项“即使上帝也不能把每件事都做得完美”，选项的意思是贴切的，但不是传说的中心思想，因此C选项可排除。D选项“这个世界上没有天堂这样的地方”，不符合句意，可排除。因此A选项为正确答案。

3.单选题

（

）,allofthesoldierslaiddownonthegroundimmediatelyandcouldnotmovetheirbodies,（

）verytired.

问题1选项

A.Thetaskhavingbeenfinished;felt

B.Thetaskhavingbeenfinished;feeling

C.Finishedthetask;felt

D.Thetaskhavingbeenfinished;havingfelt

【答案】A

【解析】非谓语动词的用法。句意：任务一完成，所有的士兵都立即躺在地上并且无法移动分毫，他们都感到很累。分析句子结构可知，第一个空作伴随状语，且主句的主语与从句的主语thetask不一致，所以排除C选项；第二个空谓语动词与laid以及couldnotmove一致，A选项正确。

4.单选题

Airplaneandtelevisionareamongthe（）ofscience.

问题1选项

A.masks

B.martyrs

C.marvels

D.marrow

【答案】C

【解析】句意:飞机和电视都是科学的奇迹。

考查名词辨析。mask面具，口罩；martyr烈士;marvel奇迹；marrow骨髓，精华。四个选项中，只有C项符合句意。

5.单选题

Marriageinhasteusuallyleadsto（）atleisure.

问题1选项

A.resentment

B.reluctance

C.repentance

D.fantasy

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项resentment“愤恨，怨恨”；B选项reluctance“勉强”；C选项repentance“悔改，后悔”；D选项fantasy“幻想”。句意：草率结婚通常容易导致将来后悔。根据句意，此处选择C选项repentance“悔改，后悔”。因此C选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Thefuelofthecontinentalmissileissupposedtobe（

）bythisdevice.

问题1选项

A.ignited

B.lighted

C.fired

D.inspired

【答案】A

【解析】考查近义词辨析。ignite多用于指用火花使易燃物迅速燃烧起来；light指易燃物发光；fire指将某物点燃，使其燃烧；而inspire则强调灵感。句意：大陆导弹的燃料应该是由这个装置点燃的。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds______hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.

问题1选项

A.whichtobaseon

B.onwhichtobase

C.tobebasedon

D.tobaseon

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意：这位教授几乎找不到足够的根据来支持他的新理论。根据横线到句尾是对sufficientgrounds进行修饰的定语从句，确定用引导词which；根据短语basehisargumentsonthesesufficient，确定用介词on，B选项onwhichtobase正确。A选项whichtobaseon介词和语序错误；C选项tobebasedon和D选项tobaseon介词使用错误。因此B选项正确。

8.单选题

Huntingisthoughttobe（）fortheextinctionofsomewildlife.

问题1选项

A.responsible

B.blamed

C.charged

D.denounced

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。responsible“负责任的”，词组beresponsiblefor“承担……责任”，tobeblamefor“应受责备”，bechargedwith“”被控告”，denounce“公然抨击”，句意：野生动物灭绝的原因应该归咎于狩猎。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

I______themeetingyesterday,butsomeurgentmatterpreventedmefromcoming.

问题1选项

A.oughttoattend

B.wasabouttoattend

C.wastohaveattended

D.wastoattend

【答案】C

【解析】考查谓语动词。A选项oughttoattend“应该参加”；B选项wasabouttoattend“即将参加，正打算参加”；C选项wastohaveattended“本来要参加（却结果没参加）”；D选项wastoattend“将要参加（表示预先安排好的计划或约定）”。句意：我本来打算昨天参加会议的，但有一件紧急的事阻止我前往。根据urgentmatterpreventedmefromcoming“紧急的事阻止我前往”可知，我原本想参加会议，C选项wastohaveattended“本来要参加（却结果没参加）”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Theprofessionfellinto_______,withsomephysicistsstickingtoexistingtheories,whileotherscameupwiththebig-bangtheory.

问题1选项

A.harmony

B.turmoil

C.distortion

D.accord

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项harmony“融洽；和谐；和声”；B选项turmoil“混乱，骚乱”；C选项distortion“曲解；变形，失真”；D选项accord“协议”。句意：这个行业进入_______，一些物理学家坚持现有的理论，而另一些人提出了大爆炸理论。根据语境，大家的观点不一致，turmoil“混乱，骚乱”比较能够形容这个情况，符合题意。因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

TheChinesepolarexplorerstookeveryprecautionto（）thedangersoftheirtrip.

问题1选项

A.minimize

B.extinguish

C.shrink

D.prevent

【答案】A

【解析】句意：中国极地探险者采取了一切预防措施，把旅行的危险降到了最低。选项A符合句意。

12.单选题

Thedebateovertheenvironmentalcrisisisnotnew:anxietyaboutindustry’simpactontheenvironmenthasexistedforoveracentury.Whatisnewistheextremepolarizationofviews.Mountingevidenceofhumanity’scapacitytodamagetheenvironmentirreversiblycoupledwithsuspicionsthatgovernment,industry,andevensciencemightbeimpotenttopreventenvironmentaldestructionhaveprovokedaccusatorypolemicsonthepartofenvironmentalists.Inturn,thesepolemicshaveelicitedacorrespondingbacklashfromindustry.Thesadeffectofthispolarizationisthatitisnowevenmoredifficultforindustrythanitwasahundredyearsagotorespondappropriatelytoimpactanalysesthatdemandaction.

Unliketoday’sadversaries,earlierecologicalreformerssharedwithadvocatesofindustrialgrowthaconfidenceintimelycorrectiveaction.GeorgeP.Marsh’spioneeringconservationtractManandNature(1864)elicitedwideacclaimwithoutembittereddenials.ManandNaturecastigatedEarth’sdespoilersforheedlessgreed,declaringthathumanity“hasbroughtthefaceoftheEarthtodesolationalmostascompleteasthatoftheMoon.”ButnoentrepreneurorindustrialistsoughttorefuteMarsh’saccusationstodefendtheguttingofforestsortheslaughterofwildlifeaseconomicallyessentialortodismisshisecologicalwarningsashysterical.Tothecontrary,theygenerallyagreedwithhim.

Why?Marshandhisfollowerstookenvironmentalimprovementandeconomicprogressasgivens;theydisputednotthedesirabilityofconqueringnaturebutthebunglingwayinwhichtheconquestwascarriedout.Blamewasnotpersonalized.Marshdenouncedgeneralgreedratherthanparticularentrepreneurs,andthemediadidnothoundmalefactors.Further,correctivemeasuresseemedtoentailnosacrificetodemandnodraconianremedies.Self-interestunderwrotemostprescribedreforms.Marsh’semphasisonfuturestewardshipwasthenawidelyacceptedideal(ifnotpractice).HisecologicaladmonitionswereinkeepingwiththeEnlightenmentpremisethathumanity’smissionwastosubdueandtransformnature.

Notuntilthe1960sdidagloomierperspectivegainpopularground.FredericClements’equilibriummodelofecologydevelopedinthe1930sseemedconsistentwithmountingenvironmentaldisasters.Inthisview,naturewasmostfruitfulwhenleastaltered.Leftundisturbed,floraandfaunagraduallyattainedmaximumdiversityandstability.Despoliationthwartedtheculminationorshortenedthedurationofthisbeneficentclimax:technologydidnotimprovenaturebutdestroyedit.

Theequilibriummodelbecameanecologicalmystique:environmentalinterferencewasnowtaboo,wildernessadored.Natureasunfinishedfabricperfectedbyhumaningenuitygavewaytotheimagenaturedebasedandendangeredbytechnology.IncontrasttotheEnlightenmentvisionofnature,accordingtowhichrationalmanagersconstructanevermoreimprovedenvironment,twentieth-centuryreformers’visionofnaturecallsforareductionofhumaninterferenceinordertorestoreenvironmentalstability.

61.Whichoneofthefollowingmostaccuratelystatesthemainideaofthepassage?

62.Theauthorreferstotheequilibriummodelofecologyasan“ecologicalmystique”(line1,lastparagraph)mostlikelyinordertodowhichoneofthefollowing?

63.WhichoneofthefollowingpracticesismostclearlyanapplicationofFredericClements’equilibriummodelofecology?

64.ThepassagesuggeststheGeorgeP.Marshandtoday’secologicalreformerswouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichoneofthefollowingstatements?

65.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithwhichoneofthefollowing?

问题1选项

A.Mountingevidenceofhumanity’scapacitytodamagetheenvironmentshouldmotivateactiontopreventfurtherdamage.

B.TheecologicalmystiqueidentifiedwithFredericClementshasbecomeareligiousconvictionamongecologicalreformers.

C.Theviewsofecologistsandindustrialgrowthadvocatesconcerningtheenvironmenthaveonlyrecentlybecomepolarized.

D.GeorgeP.Marsh’sideasaboutconservationandstewardshiphaveheavilyinfluencedthepresentdebateovertheenvironment.

问题2选项

A.Expressappreciationforhowplantsandanimalsattainmaximumdiversityandstabilitywhenleftalone.

B.Pointoutthattheequilibriummodelofecologyhasrecentlybeensupportedbyempiricalscientificresearch.

C.Underscorethefervorwithwhichtwentieth-centuryreformersadheretotheequilibriummodel.

D.Indicatethattheideasoftwentieth-centuryecologicalreformersareoftensotheoreticalastobedifficulttounderstand.

问题3选项

A.Introducingaspeciesintoanenvironmenttowhichitisnotnativetohelpcontrolthespreadofanotherspeciesthatnolongerhasanynaturalpredators.

B.Settingareasoflandasidetobemaintainedaswildernessfromwhichtheuseorextractionofnaturalresourcesisprohibited.

C.Usingscientificmethodstoincreasesthestabilityofplantsandanimalsinareaswherespeciesareindangerofbecomingextinct.

D.Developingincentivesforindustriestotakecorrectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.

问题4选项

A.Regulatingindustriesinordertoprotecttheenvironmentdoesnotconflictwiththeself-interestofthoseindustries.

B.Solvingtheenvironmentalcrisisdoesnotrequiredrasticandcostlyremedies.

C.Environmentalimprovementandeconomicprogressareequallyimportantgoals.

D.HumandespoliationoftheEarthhascausedwidespreadenvironmentaldamage.

问题5选项

A.Outliningthebackgroundanddevelopmentofconflictingviewpointsinacurrentdebate.

B.Explaininghowconflictingviewpointsinacurrentdebateareequallyvalid.

C.Determiningwhichoftwoconflictingviewpointsinacurrentdebateismorepersuasive.

D.Providingexamplesofpossiblesolutionstoacurrentcrisis.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】61.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干的意思是“下列哪个选项最准确地陈述了文章的主要思想？”。文章第一段中指出Whatisnewistheextremepolarizationofviews.Mountingevidenceofhumanity’scapacitytodamagetheenvironmentirreversiblycoupledwithsuspicionsthatgovernment,industry,andevensciencemightbeimpotenttopreventenvironmentaldestructionhaveprovokedaccusatorypolemicsonthepartofenvironmentalists.（新出现的是观点的极端两极分化；越来越多的证据表明人类有能力不可逆转地破坏环境，再加上人们怀疑政府、工业甚至科学在防止环境破坏方面可能无能为力，这引起了环保主义者的指责性辩论），由此可知A项“越来越多的证据表明人类有能力破坏环境，应促使采取行动防止进一步的破坏”正确。B项“弗雷德里克•克莱门茨(FredericClements)所推崇的生态神秘感，已成为生态改革者的一种宗教信仰”，最后一段第一句提到Theequilibriummodelbecameanecologicalmystique:environmentalinterferencewasnowtaboo,wildernessadored.（生态平衡模式变成了一种生态的神秘性：环境干扰现在是荒野崇拜的禁忌），由此可知不是一种宗教信仰，B项错误；C项“生态学家和工业发展提倡者在环境问题上的观点只在最近才变得两极化”，only（只有）一词用的不恰当，C项错误；D项“GeorgeP.Marsh关于环境保护和管理的观点严重影响了目前关于环境的辩论”这只是一个例子，并不是通篇文章的主要意思，D项不选。因此该题选A。

62.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“作者将生态学的平衡模型称为’生态的奥秘’(最后一段第一行)最有可能是为了做以下哪一种？”。根据题干定位到文章最后一段environmentalinterferencewasnowtaboo,wildernessadored.Natureasunfinishedfabricperfectedbyhumaningenuitygavewaytotheimagenaturedebasedandendangeredbytechnology.IncontrasttotheEnlightenmentvisionofnature,accordingtowhichrationalmanagersconstructanevermoreimprovedenvironment,twentieth-centuryreformers’visionofnaturecallsforareductionofhumaninterferenceinordertorestoreenvironmentalstability.（环境干扰现在是荒野崇拜的禁忌；自然就像一件未完工的织物，由人类的聪明才智加以完善，已经被技术所贬低和危及的自然形象所替代；启蒙运动的自然观认为，理性的管理者构建了一个更加美好的环境；与之相反，20世纪改革者的自然观要求减少人类的干预，以恢复环境的稳定。），由此可知，作者在这里指出有些改革太过于理论化而很难理解，所以D项“表明20世纪生态改革者的思想往往理论性太强，难以理解”正确。A项“对动植物在不受干扰的情况下如何获得最大程度的多样性和稳定性表示赞赏”，根据第四段最后一句Despoliationthwartedtheculminationorshortenedthedurationofthisbeneficentclimaxtechnologydidnotimprovenaturebutdestroyedit.（掠夺阻碍了这一高潮或缩短了这一有益的高潮的持续时间；技术并没有改善自然，而是破坏了它）可知，作者是对这一掠夺表示反对，对自然表示惋惜，A项内容理解错误；B项“指出生态学的平衡模型最近得到了实证科学研究的支持”，文中没有提到；C项“强调20世纪改革者对均衡模型的狂热”，文中内容没有提到改革者对均衡模型的狂热，C项不选。因此该题选D。

63.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“以下哪一个实践是弗雷德里克•克莱门茨的生态平衡模型最明显地的应用？”。文章第四段中指出Inthisview,naturewasmostfruitfulwhenleastaltered.Leftundisturbed,floraandfaunagraduallyattainedmaximumdiversityandstability.Despoliationthwartedtheculminationorshortenedthedurationofthisbeneficentclimax:technologydidnotimprovenaturebutdestroyedit.（从这个观点来看，大自然最少改变的时候是最富有成效的；未受干扰的动植物群落逐渐获得了最大的多样性和稳定性；掠夺阻碍了这一高潮或缩短了这一有益的高潮的持续时间：技术并没有改善自然，而是破坏了它。），由此可以推断B项“把一些土地划出来作为荒野加以维护，禁止使用或开采自然资源”是这一生态平衡模型的应用；A项“将一个物种引入非本地物种的环境，以帮助控制另一个不再有天敌的物种的传播”，将物种引入其他环境算是对自然的一种干扰，和生态平衡模型内容不符合；C项“在物种濒临灭绝的地区，用科学的方法来增加动植物的稳定性”和D项“制定企业激励，采取纠正措施保护环境”也是人为的干扰，都不符合这一平衡模型的内容。因此该题选B。

64.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“文章表明，GeorgeP.Marsh和今天的生态改革者最有可能同意下列哪一种说法？”。根据第二段最后两句话ButnoentrepreneurorindustrialistsoughttorefuteMarsh’saccusationstodefendtheguttingofforestsortheslaughterofwildlifeaseconomicallyessentialortodismisshisecologicalwarningsashysterical.（但没有企业家或实业家试图反驳马什的指控，他认为砍伐森林或屠杀野生动物在经济上是必要的，也没有人认为他的生态警告是歇斯底里的）可知A项“为了保护环境而规范工业与这些工业的自身利益并不冲突”有提到；根据文章第三段第四句Further,correctivemeasuresseemedtoentailnosacrificetodemandnodraconianremedies.（此外，纠正措施似乎不需要牺牲，不需要严厉的补救措施）可知B项“解决环境危机不需要激烈和昂贵的补救措施”有提到；根据文章第三段第一句Marshandhisfollowerstookenvironmentalimprovementandeconomicprogressasgivens（马什和他的追随者把环境改善和经济发展视为既定事实）可知C项“环境改善和经济发展是同样重要的目标”也有提到；D项“人类对地球的掠夺造成了广泛的环境破坏”，根据文章第二段第三句ManandNaturecastigatedEarthsdespoilersforheedlessgreed,declaringthathumanity“hasbroughtthefaceoftheEarthtodesolationalmostascompleteasthatoftheMoon.”（《人与自然》谴责了地球的掠夺者，因为他们肆无忌惮的贪婪，宣称人类“已经使地球表面像月球表面一样遭到了彻底的毁灭）和文章末段最后一句twentieth-centuryreformers’visionofnaturecallsforareductionofhumaninterferenceinordertorestoreenvironmentalstability.（20世纪改革者的自然观要求减少人类的干预，以恢复环境的稳定）可推断，Marsh和今天的生态改革者都同意人类的掠夺对自然造成破坏，所以D项符合，A、B、C选项都是Marsh那个时期的观点，并不是当今生态改革者的观点，所以A、B、C选项都不正确。因此该题选D。

65.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干的意思是“这篇文章主要是关于下列哪一个？”。作者首段提到Thedebateovertheenvironmentalcrisisisnotnew:Anxietyaboutindustry’simpactontheenvironmenthasexistedforoveracentury.Whatisnewistheextremepolarizationofviews.（关于环境危机的争论并不新鲜：对工业对环境影响的担忧已经存在了一个多世纪。新出现的是观点的极端两极分化。），由此可知，文章开篇提到当今面对环境的争论出现了两极化，然后下文通过很多的例子说明，一种过于理论化的论述是不合乎逻辑的，C项“确定当前辩论中两个相互冲突的观点中哪一个更有说服力”符合题意。A项“概述当前辩论中相互冲突的观点的背景和发展”，概述背景和发展的目的是为了讨论出两个观点哪一个更有说服力，所以A项是一个论述过程，因此不选；B项“解释当前辩论中相互冲突的观点如何同样有效”也是讨论的一个过程，不是文章的主要讨论目的，B项不选；D项“为当前危机提供可能的解决方案”，文章并没有给出合适的解决方案，D项错误。因此该题选C。

13.单选题

Lastweek29earnestAmericanhighschoolstudentswereinvitedtoaneveningofreceivinggoodwords,smalltalk,warmtoastsandfancysilverware.

“Findoutsomethingaboutthepersonsittingnexttoyou,”advisedformalUSsecretaryofStateMadeleineAlbright.“Eventually,you'lldiscovertheyalwayshavesomethinginterestingtosay.Andyoushouldalwaysusethepropersilverwareintheproperorder.”

AlbrightwastheguestofhonorattheimitatedOfficialdinner,whichwasalotlikearealofficialdinnerinWashingtonminusthesoftmoney.TheeveningwassponsoredbytheSt.AlbansSchoolofPublicServicestointroduceitsfirstclasstothefineartofsocialsurvival.Morethan84guests,includingstudents,teachers,schooldonorsandspeakersgatheredtoimitatethelifestyleoftherichandthepolitical.

Theideawastoteachthesocialgracesthatwillhelpstudentssurviveanysocialsituation.Anyway,thewholeproperforkthingisoverrated.FormalwhitehouseofficialC.BoydenGrayshareditstoptipsforsurvivingdinnerparties:“Drinkaslittleaspossibleuntilyougettodinner.“Don’tbethefirstpersonthereorthelastpersontoleave.”“Trytogetmoreoutofyourdinnerpartnersthantheygetoutofyou.”

EveryOfficialDinnerhasagreaterreasonforbeing.Statedinners,forexample,areeitheranopportunitytorewardemergingdemocraciesorstrengthenoldfriendships.

TheofficialdinnerwasintendedtoshowthestudentsaneleganteveninginWashington—partofthefour-weekintensivesummerprogramtoencouragepublicservice.Thestudentsarefrom13statesandtwoforeigncountries.

Theprogramincludesclassesonthepresidency,thecourts,themediaandinteractionalaffairs.Thestudentsalsodebatedpublicpolicyissues.“They’restillatitat10o’clockatnight”saiddirectorMaryWaikato.“That’sgoodpracticeforWashington,isn'tit?”

Sincetherewasnoband,Albrightofferedherselfupasthenight’sentertainer.Nosinging,butstoriesaboutherlifeindiplomacy.“Beingsecretaryofstateisthebestjobintheworld,”shesaid,“betterthanbeingpresident,becauseyoudon’thavetodealwiththeelections.”

1.Lastweekagroupofhighschoolstudentswereinvitedtothedinnerparty

（

）.

2.AccordingtoMadeleineAlbright,atanofficialdinner

（

）.

3.TheimitatedOfficialDinnerisdifferentfromtherealonesinthatthedinner（

）.

4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.Toseethelifestyleoftherichandpolitical

B.todiscussinternationalandpublicpolicyissues

C.tolearntosurviveindifferentsocialsituations

D.tolearntobecomethefutureleadersoftheWhiteHouse

问题2选项

A.weshouldgetmoreinformationaboutthehost

B.weshouldbesociablebytalkingwithothers

C.tablemannersarenotasimportantasconversing

D.weshouldlearntoentertainothersbytellingastory

问题3选项

A.couldnotgetthefinancialsupportaseasilyastherealones

B.washeldwithouttheparticipationofimportantpersons

C.didn'thaveasmanyguestsastherealones

D.hadnothingtodowithpoliticalandinternationalissues

问题4选项

A.therearesignificantdifferencesbetweentheOfficialDinnerandOtherdinnerparties

B.Americanstudentsliketoparticipateinpublicservicesverymuch

C.beingasecretaryofstateisthebest,evenbetterthanbeingapresident

D.thestudentswhowereinvitedtothedinnerpartywereenthusiasticabouttheprogram

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Theideawastoteachthesocialgracesthatwillhelpstudentssurviveanysocialsituation.（这个想法是为了教学生社交礼仪，以帮助学生应对任何社交情形）可知选C。

2.细节事实题。文章第二段描写的是MadeleineAlbright给的建议：由Findoutsomethingaboutthepersonsittingnexttoyou（找出坐在你旁边的那个人的一些情况）可知与A选项不符；由Andyoushouldalwaysusethepropersilverwareintheproperorder（而且你应该正确地使用你的餐具）可知与C选项不符；D选项原文没有提及；由Eventually,you'lldiscovertheyalwayshavesomethinginterestingtosay（最终，你会发现他们总是有一些有趣的话要说）可知选B，在正式晚宴上我们应该善于与人交谈。

3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中AlbrightwastheguestofhonorattheimitatedOfficialdinner,whichwasalotlikearealofficialdinnerinWashingtonminusthesoftmoney.（Albright是这场模仿正式宴会的贵宾，这种模仿宴会与华盛顿的正式宴会很相似，但不包括软钱）可知这场模仿宴会与正式宴会的区别在于钱方面，因此选A。softmoney（软钱）指在规则和联邦选举竞选法之外筹集的政治资金，它一直是竞选资金改革支持者的主要目标。

4.推理判断题。通读全文，可推测出参加此次模仿宴会的学生应该是对这个项目很热衷的。

14.单选题

Ithaslongbeenknownthattherateofoxidativemetabolism(theprocessthatusesoxygentoconvertfoodintoenergy)inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns.Thehighmetabolicrateofsmallanimals,forexample,givesthemsustainedpowerandactivityperunitofweight,butatthecostofrequiringconstantconsumptionoffoodandwater.Verylargeanimals,withtheirrelativelylowmetabolicrates,cansurvivewellonasporadicfoodsupply,butcangeneratelittlemetabolicenergypergramofbodyweight.Ifonlyoxidativemetabolicrateisconsidered,therefore,onemightassumethatsmaller,moreactive,animalscouldpreyonlargerones,atleastiftheyattackedingroups.Perhapstheycouldifitwerenotforanaerobicglycolysis,thegreatequalizer.

Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider.Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal.If,forexample,somepredatorshadattackeda100-tendinosaur,normallytorpid,thedinosaurwouldhavebeenabletogeneratealmostinstantaneously,viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.Thisexplainshowmanylargespecieshavemanagedtocompetewiththeirmoreactiveneighbors:thecompensationforalowoxidativemetabolicrateisglycolysis.

Therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation.Theglycogenreservesofanyanimalaregood,atmost,foronlyabouttwominutesatmaximumeffort,afterwhichonlythenormaloxidativemetabolicsourceofenergyremains.Withtheconclusionofaburstofactivity,thelacticacidlevelishighinthebodyfluids,leavingthelargeanimalvulnerableto

attackuntiltheacidisreconverted,viaoxidativemetabolism,bytheliverintoglucose,whichisthensent(inpart)backtothemusclesforglycogenresynthesis.Duringthisprocesstheenormousenergydebtthattheanimalhasrunupthroughanaerobicglycolysismustberepaid,adebtthatisproportionallymuchgreaterforthelargervertebratesthanforthesmallerones.Whereasthetinyshrewcanreplaceinminutestheglycogenusedformaximumeffort,forexample,thegiganticdinosaurwouldhaverequiredmorethanthreeweeks.Itmightseemthatthisinterminablylongrecoverytimeinalargevertebratewouldproveagravedisadvantageforsurvival.Fortunately,muscleglycogenisusedonlywhenneededandeventhenonlyinwhateverquantityisnecessary.Onlyintimesofpanicorduringmort