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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉安职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Themagicianpickedoutseveralpeople()fromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelphimwiththeperformance.

问题1选项

A.byaccident

B.onoccasion

C.atrandom

D.onaverage

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定结构。byaccident“意外的”;onoccasion“有时”;atrandom“胡乱的、随便的”;onaverage“平均的”。本句意为“魔术师随意的从观众中挑选一些人帮助他表演”,atrandom符合句意,因此选C。

2.单选题

Coolmusiciansdemandedrespect,andwhen()didn’tblowup,but,likethepresident,responded().

问题1选项

A.attacked...stoically

B.attacking...stoic

C.attacked...stoic

D.attacking...stoically

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。根据句意和句子结构,句子的主语为coolmusicians,when后面的空格应该是指当音乐家受到攻击时,所以主语musicians和动词attack之间存在被动关系,用attacked过去分词来修饰音乐家,故选项B和D可排除。又根据responded动词,可判断第二空格应填入副词修饰动词,故选项B和C可排除。句意:冷酷的音乐家需要尊重,当被攻击时,当他们受到的攻击没有爆发时,他们就像总统一样,反应冷静。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

Hisopinionsarevery(

);hedoesnotwantthesituationtochangeverymuch.

问题1选项

A.conservative

B.flexible

C.sophisticated

D.radical

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。conservative“保守的”;flexible“灵活的,柔韧的,易弯曲的”;sophisticated“精致的,久经世故的”;radical“激进的,根本的”。句意:他的观点非常保守,他不想让形式快速改变。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

Iboughtanalarmclockwitha(n)()dial,whichcanbeseenclearlyinthedark.

问题1选项

A.supersonic

B.luminous

C.audible

D.amplified

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。supersonic“超音速的,超音波的”;luminous“发光的,明亮的”;audible“听得见的”;amplified“放大的,扩充的”。句意:我买了一个带有发光钟面的闹钟,这样在黑暗中也能看清时间了。由后半句句意可知B项符合题意。

5.单选题

Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe()us.Ithinkit’shightimewe()strongactionsagainsthim.

问题1选项

A.betrayed…take

B.hadbetrayed…took

C.hasbetrayed…took

D.hasbetrayed…take

【答案】B

【解析】考查时态和虚拟语气。当句子里有序数词first/second/third...、副词only或最高级best/worst/most的时候,后面的定语从句要用完成时态。例如:ItisoneofthemostinterestingbooksI’veeverread.(这是我看过的最有趣的书之一。),因为thatwasnot句子是过去时,这里应该用过去完成时:hadbetrayed。It’s(high)time(是做……的时候了),后面的句子要用谓语要用过去时或者should+动词原形,表示虚拟语气,所以这里要用took。句意:这已经不是他第一次背叛我们了,是我们采取强有力的行动对抗他的时候了。所以本题的正确答案是B选项。

6.单选题

The(

)ofaculturalphenomenonisusuallyalogicalconsequenceofsomephysicalaspectinthelifestyleofthepeople.

问题1选项

A.manifestation

B.implementation

C.expedition

D.demonstration

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。manifestation表现,显示;implementation实现,履行;expedition远征;demonstration示范,证明。句意:文化现象的

通常是人们生活习惯中某些物质方面的逻辑结果。选项A更符合语境,所以正确。

7.单选题

RockstarEricClaptonbecame()toheroininthelate60sandhadtogoaspecialclinicfortreatment.

问题1选项

A.indulged

B.addicted

C.hooked

D.dependent

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词搭配辨析。A选项indulged“沉溺”,常见搭配beindulgedin“沉溺于……”;B选项addicted“上瘾”,常见搭配beaddictedto“对……上瘾”;C选项hooked“钩住;抓住”,常见搭配behookedon“被迷住”;D选项dependent“依赖的”,常见搭配dependenton“依靠”。句意:摇滚明星埃里克•克拉普顿六十多岁时对海洛因上瘾,必须去特殊诊所接受治疗。根据关键词heroin“海洛因”是毒品,一旦沾上就容易上瘾。因此B选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Iwillholdyoupersonally()ifanythinggoeswronginthisproject.

问题1选项

A.responsible

B.diverse

C.feasible

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项responsible“负责的,可靠的”;B选项diverse“不同的,相异的”;C选项feasible“可行的,可能的”;D选项lucrative“获利多的”。句意:如果这个项目出了什么差错,我将追究你的()。本句表达的意思是“会追究你的责任”,因此A选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Thisfocusonrotememorizationcanbe____tocultivatingstrongcreativethinkersorcomingupwiththeirownwayofdoingthings.

问题1选项

A.detrimental

B.conducive

C.confidential

D.perceptual

【答案】A

【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项detrimental“不利的;有害的”;B选项conducive“有益的;有助于”;C选项confidential“机密的;表示信任的”;D选项perceptual“感知的;有知觉的”。句意:专注于死记硬背,对于培养具有强大的创造性思维思考者是____的,对于形成他们自己的做事方式也是____的。想培养创造性思维不能只死记硬背,A选项detrimental“不利的;有害的”符合语境。因此,本题最佳选项为A。

10.单选题

ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.SmallwonderAmericans,lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.

In1950,theUSspent$12.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwillbe$1540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadulytodieandgetoutoftheway”,sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.

Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthoughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,ViacomchairmanSummerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70s,andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsallInternetstart-lipinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.

Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Asaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeover-fundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunder-fundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives.

1.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?

2.Theauthorusestheexampleofcancerpatientstoshowthat(

).

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisoneof

).

4.IncontrasttotheUS,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare

).

5.Thetextintendstoexpresstheideathat(

).

问题1选项

A.Americansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherpeople.

B.Americansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverbefore.

C.Americansareover-confidentoftheirmedicaltechnology.

D.Americanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeexpectancy.

问题2选项

A.medicalresourcesareoftenwasted

B.doctorsarchelplessagainstfataldiseases

C.sometreatmentsaretooaggressive

D.medicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable

问题3选项

A.strongdisapproval

B.reservedconsent

C.slightcontempt

D.enthusiasticsupport

问题4选项

A.moreflexibly

B.moreextravagantly

C.morecautiously

D.morereasonably

问题5选项

A.medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’slives

B.lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthliving

C.deathshouldbeacceptedasafactoflife

D.excessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthcare

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“第一句话暗含着……”。文章第一段第一句提到“据说,死亡在英国是迫在眉睫,在加拿大是不可避免,而在加利福尼亚是可以选择的”(ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional),第二三句提到“很少有人怀疑美国人的寿命在上个世纪已经几乎翻倍。坏死的髋骨可以更换……”(SmallwonderAmericans,lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced…),由此可以看出美国人对自己的医疗技术非常有信心,选项C“美国人对他们的医疗技术过分自信”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者使用癌症患者的例子去表明……”。文章第一段倒数第三句话提到“由于医疗费用由第三方支付,我们要求尽可能为我们做任何治疗,尽管这些治疗毫无用处”(Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless),然后提到癌症治疗,由此可以推测作者认为这种做法使得医疗资源被浪费了,选项A符合题意。

3.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对理查德•拉姆的评论的态度是……”。理查德•拉姆认为“老人和虚弱的病人应该坦然面对死亡,为他人让路”。文章第三段提到“我不会那么极端”(Iwouldnotgothatfar),即在某些程度上不认同理查德的观点;最后一段提到“但是社会在延长人的寿命的追求上是有极限的”(Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit),所以在这个意义上作者同意理查德的看法,因此选项B“保留意见”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。题目问的是“与美国相比,日本和瑞典正……资助自己的医疗”。文章最后一段提到“在医疗上的花费远远低于我们的日本和瑞典人,获得比我们更长,更健康。作为一个民族,我们可能在寻求无效的治疗方法上花钱太多,而在提高人们生活质量的普通医疗方面花钱太少”(peopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeover-fundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunder-fundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives),由此可推测,日本与瑞典在医疗上的花费更合理。选项D符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章试图阐述……”。文章第一段提到“但是,即使是一个伟大的医疗保健系统也无法治愈死亡,而我们未能正视这一现实。死亡是正常的,即使在理想的条件下,基因也会解体和灭亡”(Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions),因此选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

Parentsoftenfacedthe()betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

问题1选项

A.paradox

B.junction

C.dilemma

D.premise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项paradox“悖论,似是而非的论点”;B选项junction“连接,结合点”;C选项dilemma“困境,进退两难”;D选项premise“前提,假定”。句意:家长们经常面对这样进退两难的境况:是做自己认为对孩子发展好的事情还是继续容忍孩子没有规矩的吵闹和破坏。选项C符合句意。

12.单选题

Lastnighthesawtwodark______enterthebuilding,andthentherewastheexplosion.

问题1选项

A.features

B.figures

C.sketches

D.images

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.features特征B.figures(代表数量,尤指官方资料中的)数字;人物;(隐约可见的)人影

C.sketches素描;速写D.images形象;印象

【答案】B

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据后半句“然后就发生了爆炸”可推知,大楼爆炸是人为的,所以dark______表示“黑色的人影”,故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】昨晚他看到两个黑影进入大楼,然后就发生了爆炸。

13.单选题

TheUnitedNationsConferenceonDrugAbuse,whichtookplaceearlierthisyearinVienna,wasavery(

)meeting.

问题1选项

A.productive

B.overwhelming

C.compulsory

D.protective

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。productive“多产的,富有成效的”;overwhelming“压倒性的”;compulsory“强制的”;protective“保护的”。句意:今年早些时候联合国在维也纳召开的滥用药品大会取得了相当大的成果。选项A符合题意。

14.翻译题

1.Toproducethesameamountofelectricity,Chinaconsumesfourtimesasmuchenergyastheworldaverage.Sincetheoutsetofthiscentury,increasingproductivitywhileconservingenergyhasbeenoneoftheutmostconcernsoftheChinesegovernment.

2.Intheworldoftomorrow,managerscannotbetechnologicallyilliterateregardlessoftheirfunctionaltaskswithinthefirm.Theydon’thavetobescientistsorengineersinventingnewtechnologies,buttheyhavetobemanagerswhounderstandwhentobetandwhennottobetonnewtechnologies.

3.Ifmanagersdon’tunderstandwhatisgoingonandtechnologyeffectivelybecomesablackbox,theywillfailtomakethechanges.Theywillbelosers,notwinners.

4.Evenifyouknowtheanswertoachild'squestion,resisttheimpulsetorespondquickly.leavingnoopeningfordiscussion.Thatreinforcesthemisconceptionthatscienceismerelyasetoffactsstoredintheheadsofadults.

5.Scienceisaboutexplaining.Scienceisnotjustfactsbutthemeaningthatpeoplegivetothe—byweavinginformationintoastoryabouthownatureprobablyoperates.

【答案】1.为了产生等量的电流,中国的能源消耗是世界平均水平的四倍。从本世纪的开端起,提高生产率同时节约能源,这已经成为中国政府最关心的事情之一。

2.在将来的世界里,不管管理者在公司有什么职位任务,他们都不能是技术文盲。他们没必要是发明新技术的科学家或工程师,但是,管理者必须清楚对新技术何时押注。

3.如果管理者不清楚怎么回事以及技术能有效地成为“黑匣子”,那么,他们就不会做出改变。这样,他们将成为失败者而不是胜者。

4.即使你知道孩子问题的答案,也不要冲动地快速做出回应,要给讨论余留空间。这强化了科学仅是一套储存在成人脑海的事实这一误解。

5.科学关乎于解释。科学不仅包含事实,而且包含人们通过将信息编织成个关于自然如何运作的故事而给予它的意义。

15.单选题

Ifwedonotadopturgentmeasures,manyspecieswillbe()inthenearfuture.

问题1选项

A.distinguished

B.extinguished

C.distinct

D.extinct

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。distinguished“卓越的,著名的”;extinguished“熄灭的”;distinct“明显的”,形容词;extinct“灭绝的”。句子的主语是“物种”,因此选项D符合题意。

16.单选题

Manywomenstillfeelthattheyarebeing()byamaleculture,particularlyintheprofessionalservicessector.

问题1选项

A.heldback

B.heldforth

C.heldon

D.heldout

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项heldback“阻碍”;B选项heldforth“提供”;C选项heldon“坚持”;D选项heldout“伸出”。句意:许多女性仍然感到男性文化阻碍了她们的发展,尤其是在专业服务领域。本句表示男性文化阻碍了女性的发展,因此A选项正确。

17.单选题

Peoplehadbeenconsciousoftheproblembefore,butthebookmadethemawareofits().

问题1选项

A.manuscript

B.multitude

C.masterpiece

D.magnitude

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项manuscript“手稿;原稿”;B选项multitude“大量;群众”;C选项masterpiece“杰作”;D选项magnitude“大小;重要”。句意:人们以前只是注意到了这个问题,但是这本书让她们意识到了问题的……。空格内是对问题的一个概括。问题一般可分为大问题和小问题,因此D选项符合题意。

18.单选题

Idon’tthinkhe’syetfoundhis______inlife.

问题1选项

A.field

B.track

C.aquatic

D.archaic

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项field“领域,牧场,旷野”,B项track“轨道,足迹,踪迹”,C项aquatic“水上运动,水生植物或动物”,D项archaic为形容词,表示“古代的,陈旧的”。由life(生活、人生)可知,C、D项可排除;把A、B项代入,只有B项最符合。句意:我觉得他还没找到自己的人生轨迹。因此,该题选择B项。

19.单选题

TomMacaulay,beingadiligentyoungman,neverrefusesto________moreworkthathisbossassignedtohim.

问题1选项

A.takeup

B.takein

C.takeoff

D.takeon

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A选项takeup“占据”;B选项takein“吸收,领会”;C选项takeoff“脱下,起飞”;D选项takeon“承担,承受”。句意:TomMacaulay作为一名勤奋的年轻人,从来不拒绝()他老板派发给他的工作。派发的工作是要承担的,因而答案选D最为合适。

20.单选题

Theyhavelaunchedacampaigntogetonlineticketingcompaniesto()addedcoststocustomerswhenbuyingtickets.

问题1选项

A.clarify

B.identify

C.justify

D.magnify

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项clarify表示“澄清,阐明”;B选项identify表示“确定,鉴定,识别”;C选项justify表示“证明合法,替……辩护”;D选项magnify表示“方大,赞美,夸大”。

由句意可知,购票者可以在网上购票平台确定附加费。因此本题正确答案为B选项。

21.单选题

Notagain!ThisisthethirdtimethatI(

)mykeyssinceI(

homethismorning.

问题1选项

A.amlosing/wasleaving

B.hadlost/left

C.lose/hadleft

D.havelost/left

【答案】D

【解析】It\Thisis\wasthefirst/second...timethat...,that从句的时态根据前面的is或was来定,是is时用现在完成时,was则用过去完成时,所以选项D正确。

22.单选题

Goodsalesmenknowby()thebestapproachtotakewithaparticularcustomer.

问题1选项

A.bent

B.genius

C.instinct

D.faculty

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项bent“天赋,爱好”;B选项genius“天才,天赋”;C选项instinct“本能,直觉”;D选项faculty“能力,功能”。句意:优秀的推销员凭直觉就知道应对特定客户的最佳方法。由选项意思,固定搭配和句意可知,C选项符合句意。

23.单选题

()anincreaseinanti-SemiticrhetoricandreligiousdiscriminationinLatinAmerica,thePanAmericanDevelopmentFoundationandtheU.S.DepartmentofStatelauncheda“BelieveinTolerance”projectinspring2014.

问题1选项

A.Accordingto

B.Contraryto

C.Inresponseto

D.Inadditionto

【答案】C

【解析】词组辨析。accordingto“根据”;contraryto“与……相反”;inresponseto“应对”;inadditionto“除外”。句意:为了应对拉丁美洲反犹太教和宗教歧视的情况,泛美发展基金会和美国国务院在2014年春季发起了一个“相信宽容”的项目。选项C符合题意。

24.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。世界各国和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家,都将目光投向了中国,并从投资活动中获得了丰厚的回报。我相信,中国加入世贸组织后,外商参与中国投资活动的机会将越来越多,自身发展的空间也越来越大。在中国的投资活动一定能成为沟通世界各国和地区的企业家与中国市场的一座桥梁,促进中国和世界经济共同发展、共同繁荣。

【答案】Chinahasdevelopedintoabig,extremelyattractiveandrealisticmarketintheglobalcontext.ManyfarsightedentrepreneursfromcountriesandregionsaroundtheworldhavebeguntokeepaneyeonChinaandgottensubstantialprofitsfromtheirinvestmentactivities.Ibelievethat,afterChina’sentryintoWTO,therewillbemoreopportunitiesforforeignentrepreneurstomakeinvestmentsinChinaandalsolagerspacefortheirowndevelopment.TheinvestmentactivitiesinChinawillcertainlyserveasabridgeconnectingentrepreneursfromallthecountriesandregionsintheworldwiththeChinesemarket,andpromotethecommoneconomicdevelopmentandprosperityofChinaandtheworld.

25.单选题

.AnyDemocraticpresidentwilltryto_______theUnitedStatesfromthemessinIraq,yetallwouldfacerigidconstraints.

问题1选项

A.knockout

B.distinguish

C.overture

D.extricate

【答案】D

【解析】knockout击倒;distinguish区别,辨别;overture作动词意为建议;extricate使摆脱,解救。句意:任何一位民主党总统都将试图把美国从伊拉克的混乱中解救出来,但所有人都将面临严格的约束。选项D符合句意。

26.单选题

Massproductionis()onlyinaneconomywithahighlydevelopedtechnology.

问题1选项

A.vulnerable

B.invaluable

C.feasible

D.compatible

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。vulnerable易受攻击的;invaluable无价的;feasible可行的;compatible兼容的。句意:大规模生产只有在技术高度发达的经济中才可行。选项C符合句意。

27.单选题

Crimeisincreasingworldwide,andthereiseveryreasontobelievethe(

)willcontinueintothenextdecade.

问题1选项

A.emergency

B.trend

C.pace

D.schedule

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。emergency紧急情况,突发事件;trend趋势,走向;pace步伐,速度;schedule时间表,日程安排。

句意:全世界的犯罪活动一直在增加,我们有充分的理由相信这一趋势将持续到下一个十年。选项B符合句意。

28.单选题

Hewasalonely,miserable(

).

问题1选项

A.feast

B.spouse

C.wretch

D.dignity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项feast“盛宴,宴会,(宗教的)节日”;B选项spouse“配偶”;C选项wretch“不幸的人,可怜的人”;D选项dignity“尊严,尊贵”。由lonely(孤独的,孤单的)和miserable(可怜的)可知C选项最符合语境,带有感情色彩。句意:他是一个孤独,悲惨的可怜人。

29.单选题

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotography’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality;photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Inthenineteenthcentury,photography’sassociationwiththerealworldplaceditinanambivalentrelationtoart:lateinthetwentiethcenturyanambivalentrelationexistsbecauseofthemodernistheritageinart.Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentrationonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPopduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalmodernistpaintingthatisabstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,CandinskyandMatissepresupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart,photography,likePoppainting,andreassuresviewersthatartisnothard:photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographisadistinctiveandexaltedactivityinshort,anart.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith(

).

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes‘theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism”astheauthorrepresentsitinthesecondparagraph?(Thesentenceinitalics.)

3.TheauthorintroducesAbstractExpressionistpainters(inthethirdparagraph)inorderto(

).

4.Accordingtotheauthor,thenineteenth——centurydefendersofphotographymentionedinthepassagestressedthatphotographywas(

).

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthereactionofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstothequestionofwhetherphotographyisanart?

6.Accordingtothepassage,certainseriouscontemporaryphotographersexpresslymakewhichofthefollowingclaimsabouttheirphotographs?

7.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthormostprobablyconsidersseriouscontemporaryphotographytobea(

问题1选项

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineartafterthecontroversiesofthenineteenthcentury

C.explainingtheattitudesofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

问题2选项

A.paradoxical

B.mechanical

C.superficial

D.dramatic

问题3选项

A.provideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodemart

B.callattentiontoartistswhoseworksoftenbearaphysicalresemblancetotheworksofseriouscontemporaryphotographers

C.setforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters

D.provideacontrasttoPopartistsandotherswhocreatedworksthatexemplifytheModernistheritageinart

问题4选项

A.ameansofmakingpeoplefamiliarwithremotelocalesandunfamiliarthings

B.atechnologicallyadvancedactivity

C.adeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially

D.anartcomparabletopainting

问题5选项

A.Thephotographers’beliefthattheirrelianceonanimpersonalmachinetoproducetheirartrequiresthesurrendersoftheauthorityoftheirpersonalvision

B.Thephotographers’fearthatseriousphotographymaynotbeacceptedasanartbythecontemporaryartpublic

C.TheinfluenceofAbstractExpressionistpaintingandPopArtonthesubjectmatterofthemodemphotograph

D.Thephotographers’beliefthatthebestartissubversiveofartasithaspreviouslybeendefined

问题6选项

A.Theirphotographscouldbecreatedbyalmostanyonewhohadacameraandthetimetodevotetotheactivity.

B.Theirphotographsarenotexamplesofartbutareexamplesofthephotographers’impartialobservationoftheworld.

C.Theirphotographsareimportantbecauseoftheirsubjectsbutnotbecauseoftheresponsestheyevokeinviewers.

D.Theirphotographsexhibitthesameagelessprinciplesofformandshadingthathavebeenusedinpainting

问题7选项

A.contemporaryartthatisstrugglingtobeacceptedasfineart

B.craftrequiringsensitivitybutnomeansanart

C.mechanicalcopyingofreality

D.modemartthatdisplaystheModernisttendencytotrytosubverttheprevailingalmsofart

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

第6题:B

第7题:A

【解析】1.文章主旨题。A选项‘界定现代主义者对艺术的态度‘、B选项’解释摄影是如何作为美术出现的‘和D选项’界定当代严肃摄影家对待他们艺术所具有的各种观点,并评定每种观点的价值‘这三项只是文内提到的某些方面,不是主要的。C选项’说明当代严肃的摄影家对摄影作为艺术的态度,并把他们这些态度放在历史的进程来观察‘符合题意。

2.作者观点题。根据文章第二段showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.显示出他们对现代主义胜利强加给他们的艺术概念的想当然程度:艺术越好,它对传统艺术目标的颠覆性就越大。所以该题作者表达的观点是矛盾的,A选项“矛盾的”符合题意。B“机械的”,C“肤浅的”和D“戏剧性的”与文章不符,排除。

3.语义理解题。作者列举这样艺术家的例子,他们像当代严肃的摄影家一样抛弃了传统的被接受的现代艺术目的。文章第三段第二句提到“例如,那些假设的摄影师,通过拍照,他们越来越远离以绘画艺术的自命不凡提醒我们的抽象表现主义画家想象他们摆脱古典现代主义绘画的知识紧缩浓度的身体行为绘画。”所以A选项‘提供一个艺术家的例子,他们像严肃的当代摄影师一样,否认传统上接受的现代艺术目标‘正确。B、C、D选项与题意不相符,排除。

4.细节判断题。根据文中第一段最后一句‘Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.有人指责摄影是没有灵魂的、机械地复制现实,摄影师们反驳说,摄影是一种特殊的观看方式,是对普通视觉的反抗,和绘画一样有艺术价值。’确定D选项符合题意。

5.细节判断题。根据文章第二段末尾提到‘Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.那些重要摄影师不再愿意辩论是否或不是艺术摄影,除了宣称自己的工作不涉及艺术,显示在多大程度上他们只是理所当然的概念艺术由现代主义的胜利:艺术、越好越颠覆传统的艺术目标。’确定D选项符合题意。

6.细节判断题。文章第二段第二句提到“Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves-anythingbutmakingworksofart.严肃的摄影师们声称自己在寻找、记录、公正地观察、见证事件、探索自我——但绝不是在创作艺术作品。”所以B选项‘他们的照片不是艺术的例子,而是摄影师公正地观察世界的例子。’最符合。A,B,C项文章没有提及。

7.作者观点题。B选项“一项只讲究细致而不讲究艺术的工艺”和C选项“复制现实的机械”与作者观点相悖,排除,D项描述是现代摄影的现状,排除。所以A选项正确。

30.单选题

Scientistshavelongunderstoodthatsupermassiveblackholesweighingmillionsorbillionsofsunscantearapartstarsthatcometooclose.Theblackhole'sgravitypullsharderonthenearestpartofthestar,animbalancethatpullsthestarapartoveraperiodofminutesorhours,onceitgetscloseenough.

Scientistssaythisunevenpullingisnottheonlyhazardfacingthestar.Thestrainoftheseunbalancedforcescanalsotriggeranuclearexplosionpowerfulenoughtodestroythestarfromwithin.MatthieuBrassartandJean-PierreLuminetoftheObservatoiredeParisinMeudon,France,carriedoutcomputersimulationsofthefinalmomentsofsuchanunfortunatestar'slife,asitveeredtowardsasupermassiveblackhole.

Whenthestargetscloseenough,theunevenforcesflattenitintoapancakeshape.Somepreviousstudieshadsuggestedthisflatteningwouldincreasethedensityandtemperatureinsidethestarenoughtotriggerintensenuclearreactionsthatwouldtearitapart.Butotherstudieshadsuggestedthatthepicturewouldbecomplicatedbyshockwavesgeneratedduringtheflatteningprocessandthatnonuclearexplosionshouldoccur.

Thenewsimulationsinvestigatedtheeffectsofshockwavesindetail,andfoundthatevenwhentheireffectsareincluded,theconditionsfavoranuclearexplosion."Therewillbeanexplosionofthestar—itwillbecompletelydestroyed,"Brassartsays.Althoughtheexplosionobliteratesthestar,itsavessomeofthestar'smatterfrombeingdevouredbytheblackhole.Theexplosionispowerfulenoughtohurlmuchofthestar'smatteroutoftheblackhole'sreach,hesays.

Thedevouringofstarsbyblackholesmayalreadyhavebeenobserved,althoughatamuchlaterstage.Itisthoughtthatseveralmonthsaftertheeventthatripsthestarapart,itsmatterstartsswirlingintotheholeitself.Itheatsupasitdoesso,releasingultravioletlightandX-rays.

Ifstarsdisruptednearblackholesreallydoexplode,thentheycouldinprincipleallowtheseeventstobedetectedatamuchearlierstage,saysJulesHatpernofColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,US."Itmaym

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