考研考博-英语-吉林农业科技学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林农业科技学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Manysocialservicesareprovidedby（

）societiesandorganizationsthatdonotexpectanymaterialpayment.

问题1选项

A.wealthy

B.voluntary

C.helpful

D.spiritual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。wealthy“富有的；充分的”；voluntary“自愿的”；helpful“有帮助的；有益的”；spiritual“精神的；心灵的”。句意：很多社团自愿组织提供很多社会福利事业，并不期望任何物质报酬。选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

Thoughtherearehundredsoftestpapers,Icanpickhisoutwithouthesitation,forhishandwritingisquite（）.

问题1选项

A.manifest

B.separate

C.distinct

D.obvious

【答案】C

【解析】句意：尽管有好几百张试卷,但我可以毫不犹豫地找出他的试卷,因为他的笔迹很独特。选项C符合语境。

3.单选题

IwasawfullytiredwhenIgothomefromwork,butahalf-hournap（

）me.

问题1选项

A.revived

B.released

C.relieved

D.recovered

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我下班回家的时候累极了，但半小时的小睡又使我振作起来。

动词辨析。revive（使）苏醒，复活;release释放;relieve缓解，减轻;recover康复。A项符合句意。

4.单选题

Thediscussionquickly（）intoanangryargument.

问题1选项

A.deteriorated

B.aggravated

C.increase

D.declined

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项deteriorate“恶化”，B项aggravate“加重、激怒”，C项increase“提高”，D项decline“拒绝”；句意：这场讨论迅速演变成愤怒的争吵。因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

Psychologistshaveknownforalongtimethateconomistsarewrong.Mosteconomists—atleast,thoseoftheclassicalpersuasion—believethatanyfinancialgain,howeversmall,isworthhaving.Butpsychologistsknowthisisnottrue.Theyknowbecauseoftheultimatumgame,theoutcomeofwhichisoftentherejectionoffreemoney.

Inthisgame,oneplayerdividesapotofmoneybetweenhimselfandanother.Theotherthenchooseswhethertoaccepttheoffer.Ifherejectsit,neitherplayerbenefits.Anddespitetheinstinctsofclassicaleconomics,astingy(小气的)offer(onethatislessthanaboutaquarterofthetotal)is,indeed,usuallyrejected.Thequestionis,why?

Oneexplanationoftherejectioniststrategyisthathumanpsychologyisadaptedforrepeatedinteractionsratherthanone-offtrades.Inthiscase,takingatough,ifself-sacrificial,lineatthebeginningpaysdividendsinfutureroundsofthegame.Rejectingastingyofferinaone-offgameisthusjustasinglemoveinalargerstrategy.Andindeed,whenone-offultimatumgamesareplayedbytrainedeconomists,whoknowallthis,theydotendtoacceptstingyoffersmoreoftenthanotherpeoplewould.Buteventheyhavetheirlimits.Tothrowsomelightonwhythoselimitsexist,TerenceBurnhamofHarvardUniversityrecentlygatheredagroupofstudentsofmicroeconomicsandaskedthemtoplaytheultimatumgame.Allofthestudentsherecruitedweremen.

Dr.Burnham’sresearchbudgetrantoabunchof$40games.Whentherearemanyroundsintheultimatumgame,playerslearntosplitthemoneymoreorlessequally.ButDr.Burnhamwasinterestedinagameofonlyoneround.Inthisgame,whichtheplayersknewinadvancewasfinalandcouldthusnotaffectfutureoutcomes,proposerscouldchooseonlybetweenofferingtheotherplayer$25(i.e.morethanhalfthetotal)or$5.Responderscouldacceptorrejecttheofferasusual.Thoseresultsrecorded,Dr.Burnhamtooksaliva(唾液)samplesfromallthestudentsandcomparedthetestosteronelevelsassessedfromthosesampleswithdecisionsmadeintheone-roundgame.

AshedescribesintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSociety,theresponderswhorejectedalowfinalofferhadanaveragetestosteronelevelmorethan50%higherthantheaverageofthosewhoaccepted.Fiveofthesevenmenwiththehighesttestosteronelevelsinthestudyrejecteda$5ultimateofferbutonlyoneofthe19othersmadethesamedecision.

WhatDr.Burnham’sresultsupportsisamuchdeeperrejectionofthetenetsofclassicaleconomicsthanonebasedonaslightmis-evolutionofnegotiatingskills.Itbackstheideathatwhatpeoplereallystriveforisrelativeratherthanabsoluteprosperity.Theywouldratheracceptlessthemselvesthanseearivalgetahead.Thatislikelytobeparticularlytrueinindividualswithhightestosteronelevels,sincethathormoneiscorrelatedwithsocialdominanceinmanyspecies.

Economistsoftenrefertothissortofbehaviorasirrational.Infact,itisnot.Itissimply,asitwere,differentlyrational.Thethingsthatmoneycanbuyaremerelymeanstoanend—socialstatus—thatbringsdesirablereproductiveopportunities.Ifanotherroutebringsthatstatusmoredirectly,moneyisirrelevant.

1.Accordingtothepassage,psychologistsaredifferentfromeconomistsinthat______.

2.Inthethirdparagraph,thesentence“Inthiscase,takingatough,ifself-sacrificial,lineatthebeginningpaysdividendsinfutureroundsofthegame.”meansthat______.

3.TheresultofDr.Burnham’sstudyintheone-roundgameplayersshowsthat______.

4.ThepointDr.Burnhamhasconcludedfromhisstudyisthat______.

5.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofthebehaviorofrejectingalowoffermentionedinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.theythinkanyfinancialgainisworthlessifitcouldnotguaranteetheultimatumgame

B.theyunderstandhoweconomistsarewrongbyprovingtrivialfinancialgaincouldbeignored

C.theybelievethatitisnecessarytorejectsometrivialgainstogetbiggerones

D.theyhaveknownforalongtimethatfromtheperspectiveofpsychology,financialgainsarenotworthpursuing

问题2选项

A.takinganuncompromisingattitudeatthebeginningwilllosemoreinthefutureroundsofthegame

B.peoplewhoarenotsocalculatingatthebeginningwillgetgoodreturnsintheend

C.peoplewhoareselflesswillgetmoreintheend

D.takingatoughlineatthebeginningwillpaymorecostinthefuturegame

问题3选项

A.menwithhightestosteronelevelsareusuallymoremotivatedtorejectbythelowoffer

B.thefacttestosteroneiscloselyconnectedwithsocialdominanceprovespeoplecouldhardlyseearivalgoahead

C.menwithhightestosteronearemorelikelytorejectthetenetsofclassicaleconomics

D.menwithhightestosteronepaymoreattentiontotherelativegains

问题4选项

A.moneyisirrelevantwhenpeopleseekforreproductiveopportunities

B.peopleprefernon-financialwaystofulfilltheirpurposeofgainingsocialstatus

C.whatpeoplereallystriveforisrelativeratherthanabsoluteprosperity

D.thedefinitionofrationalityisdifferentbetweenthefieldsofeconomicsandpsychology

问题5选项

A.Thiskindofbehaviorisirrationalasmatteroffact.

B.Thiskindofbehaviorpaysmoreattentiontothesocialstatusratherthanmoney.

C.Thiskindofbehaviorcouldbringdesirablereproductiveopportunities.

D.Thiskindofbehaviorisrationalfromalongview.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二、三句Mosteconomists—atleast,thoseoftheclassicalpersuasion—believethatanyfinancialgain,howeversmall,isworthhaving.Butpsychologistsknowthisisnottrue.（大多数经济学家——至少是那些持传统观点的经济学家——相信任何经济收益，无论多么小，都值得拥有。但心理学家知道这不是真的。），说明心理学家和经济学家的分歧在于心理学家看到的是最终的结果，而经济学家注重的是切实的利润，心理学家认为并不是所有的小利益都要去追求，可以舍小取大。因此C选项“他们认为有必要拒绝一些小收益以获得更大的收益”正确。A选项“他们认为任何经济利润如果不能保证最后获胜就是没有用的”，原文没有说不能保证最后获胜的经济利润是没用的，所以A错误。B选项“通过证明小的经济利润可以被忽略，他们认为经济学家们是错误的”，小的经济利润可以被忽略这一点没有被证明，所以B错误。D选项“他们知道长久以来，从心理学的角度来看，经济利润是不值得去追求的”，由原文可知，不值得追求的是小收益，而不是经济利润，所以D错误。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二、三句Inthiscase,takingatough,ifself-sacrificial,lineatthebeginningpaysdividendsinfutureroundsofthegame.Rejectingastingyofferinaone-offgameisthusjustasinglemoveinalargerstrategy.（在这种情况下，在一开始采取如果是自我牺牲的强硬的路线会在未来的游戏中获得好处。因此，在一次性游戏中，拒绝吝啬的报价只是大战略中的一步棋。），说明如果拒绝吝啬的出价会是更大策略中的一步，也就是说一开始不要贪得所有的大小利益，而是要有长远的眼光，这样才能取得更大的收益。因此D选项“一开始就采取强硬态度的人在未来的游戏中会付出更多的代价”正确。A选项“从一开始就采取强硬的态度会在未来几轮的游戏中失去得更多”，B选项“那些从一开始就不是很计较的人最后可以获得好的收益”，C选项“无私的人最终会得到更多”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,C错误。

3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段第一句AshedescribesintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSociety,theresponderswhorejectedalowfinalofferhadanaveragetestosteronelevelmorethan50%higherthantheaverageofthosewhoaccepted.（正如他在《英国皇家学会学报》上所描述的那样，拒绝较低最终报价的应答者的睾丸激素水平比接受报价的应答者的平均水平高出50%以上。），说明睾丸激素水平较高的人更注重相对利润而不是眼前的利益。因此D选项“睾丸激素水平高的人更关注相对收益”正确。A选项“睾丸激素高的人更加有拒绝低报酬的动机”，B选项“睾丸激素和社会优势有着密切的联系，这一事实证明了人们很难看到对手领先”，C选项“有较高睾丸激素的人更趋向于拒绝传统经济法则”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,C错误。

4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第六段第一、二句WhatDr.Burnham’sresultsupportsisamuchdeeperrejectionofthetenetsofclassicaleconomicsthanonebasedonaslightmis-evolutionofnegotiatingskills.Itbackstheideathatwhatpeoplereallystriveforisrelativeratherthanabsoluteprosperity.（伯纳姆博士的结果所支持的，是对古典经济学原理的更深程度的拒绝，而不是基于谈判技巧的轻微错误进化。它支持了人们真正追求的是相对繁荣而不是绝对繁荣的观点。），说明伯纳姆博士最终支持的结论是更深的对传统经济原则的拒绝，人们真正追求的是相对的财富而不是绝对的财富。因此C选项“人们真正追求的是相对繁荣而不是绝对繁荣”正确。A选项“当人们寻求再生机会时，金钱就是无关紧要的了”，B选项“人们更倾向于用非金钱的方式来实现他们取得社会地位的目标”，原文说的是如果另外一条路可以更为直接地导致这种情形，金钱就是不相关的，所以A,B错误。D选项“经济学和心理学对于理性的定义是不一样的”，原文没有明确指出理性的定义在两个学科中是完全不同的，所以D错误。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段Economistsoftenrefertothissortofbehaviorasirrational.Infact,itisnot.Itissimply,asitwere,differentlyrational.Thethingsthatmoneycanbuyaremerelymeanstoanend—socialstatus—thatbringsdesirablereproductiveopportunities.Ifanotherroutebringsthatstatusmoredirectly,moneyisirrelevant.（经济学家经常认为这种行动是不理智的。实际上这是理智的，只是不同的理智而已。金钱可以买到的只是达到某个目的的方法而已，如社会地位，达到目的便给人们带来他们想要的不断再生的机会。如果有另外一条路可以更为直接地达到目的，金钱就是不相关的。），说明经济学家认为这种行为是不理智的，而实际上是一种理智的行为，心理学家从更高更深的层面来看，金钱只是达到目的的一种手段，而为了达到一定的目的拒绝眼前小的利益是理智的行为。因此D选项“从长远来看，这种行为是理性的”正确。A选项“这种行为在事实上是不理性的”，B选项“这种行为更注重社会地位而不是金钱”，C选项“这种行为可以带来期望的再产出机会”均不符合题意，所以A,B,C错误。

6.单选题

Theoldparadigmofuniversitiesasself-containedvillagesisbeingshatteredbynewtechnologiesandnewsocietalvalues,accordingtothecontributorstoTheUniversityinTransformation.

Theconventionalwisdomthatittakesasmallvillage—thecollegecampus—toproduceacollegegraduateunderliesthebasicstructureofmostuniversitiestoday.Thismodehaschangedsurprisinglylittlefromthatwhichemerged1,000yearsagoinmedievalEurope,Professorslecture,studentslisten,askquestions,andaretestedonhowwelltheyremembertheirprofessors’words.Butamillenniumlater,timeshavechanged.Likeitornot.Thethousand-year-oldidealofthecampusasavillage-pacedcommunityforscholarship,discussion,andresearchiseroding.Competingmodelsarebeginningtoemerge,incorporatingnewtechnologies,newformsoforganization,andnewsocialgoals.

TheUniversityinTransformation,editedbyAustralianfuturistsSohailInayatullahandJenniferGidley,presentssome20highlyvariedoutlooksontomorrow’suniversitiesbywritersrepresentingbothWesternandnon-Westernperspectives.Theiressaysraiseabroadrangeofissues,questioningnearlyeverykeyassumptionwehaveabouthighereducationtoday:Forinstance,whyshouldhighereducationcostsomuch,wheninformationnowcanbesoeasilyandcheaplysharedthroughtheInternetandothercomputer-basedtechnologies?Andwhymuststudentsregisterexclusivelyatoneinstitutiontopursueadegree,ratherthanfreelytakecoursesforcreditwhenandwherevertheybestmeettheirownparticularneeds?

ThemostwidelydiscussedalternativetothetraditionalcampusistheInternetUnity-avoluntarycommunityofscholar/teachersphysicallyscatteredthroughoutacountryoraroundtheworldbutalllinkedincyberspace.Acomputerizeduniversitycouldhavemanyadvantages,suchaseasyscheduling,efficientdeliveryoflecturestothousandsorevenmillionsofstudentsatonce,andreadyaccessforstudentseverywheretotheresourcesofalltheworld’sgreatlibraries.

YettheInternetUniversityposesdangers,too.Forexample,alineoffranchisedcourseware,producedbyafewsuperstarteachers,marketedunderthebrandnameofafamousinstitution,andheavilyadvertised,mighteventuallycometodominatetheglobaleducationmarket,warnssociologyprofessorPeterManicasoftheUniversityofHawaiiatManoa.Besidesenforcingarigidlystandardizedcurriculum,sucha“collegeeducationinabox”couldunderselltheofferingsofmanytraditionalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelydrivingthemoutofbusinessandthrowingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork,noteAustraliancommunicationsprofessorsDavidRooneyandGregHearn.

Ontheotherhand,whileglobalconnectivityseemshighlylikelytoplaysomesignificantroleinfuturehighereducation,thatdoesnotmeangreateruniformityincoursecontent-orotherdangers-willnecessarilyfollow.Countermovementsarealsoatwork.

Manyinacademia,includingscholarscontributingtothisvolume,arequestioningthefundamentalmissionofuniversityeducation.Whatif,forinstance,insteadofreceivingprimarilytechnicaltrainingandbuildingtheirindividualcareers,universitystudentsandprofessorscouldfocustheirlearningandresearcheffortsonexistingproblemsintheirlocalcommunitiesandtheworld?FeministscholarIvanaMilojevicdarestodreamwhatauniversitymightbecome“ifwebelievedthatchild-careworkersandteachersinearlychildhoodeducationshouldbeoneofthehighest(ratherthanlowest)paidprofessionals?”

Co-editorJenniferGidleyshowshowtomorrow’suniversityfaculty,insteadofgivinglecturesandconductingindependentresearch,maytakeonthreenewroles.Somewouldactasbrokers,assemblingcustomizeddegree-creditprogramsforindividualstudentsbymixingandmatchingthebestcourseofferingsavailablefrominstitutionsallaroundtheworld.Asecondgroup,mentors,wouldfunctionmuchliketoday’sfacultyadvisers,butarelikelytobeworkingwithmanymorestudentsoutsidetheirownacademicspecialty.Thiswouldrequirethemtoconstantlybelearningfromtheirstudentsaswellasinstructingthem.Athirdnewroleforfaculty,andinGidley’sviewthemostchallengingandrewardingofall,wouldbeasmeaning-makers:charismaticsagesandpractitionersleadinggroupsofstudents/colleaguesincollaborativeeffortstofindspiritualaswellasrationalandtechnologicalsolutionstospecificreal-worldproblems.

51.Aboutthebasicstructureofuniversities,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

52.WhenthebookreviewerdiscussestheInternetUniversity,______.

53.WhichofthefollowingisNOTseenasapotentialdangeroftheInternetUniversity?

54.Accordingtothereview,whatshouldbethefundamentalmissionofuniversityeducation?

55.Judgingfromthethreenewrolesenvisionedfortomorrow’suniversityfaculty,universityteachers______.

问题1选项

A.Olduniversitieswerealwaysinvillages.

B.Thetraditionalidealofcampushasbeenstrengthened.

C.Theconventionalmodelhasradicallychangedinthepastmillennium.

D.Theself-containedparadigmischallengedbynewtechnologiesandvalues.

问题2选项

A.heisinfavorofit

B.hisviewisbalanced

C.heisambivalentaboutit

D.heisstronglycriticalofit

问题3选项

A.Teachersintraditionalinstitutionsmaylosetheirjobs.

B.Internetbasedcoursesmaybelesscostlythantraditionalones.

C.Internetbasedcoursewaremaylackvarietyincoursecontent.

D.TheInternetUniversitymayproduceteacherswithalotofpublicity.

问题4选项

A.Knowledgelearningandcareerbuilding.

B.Learninghowtosolvecurrentlocalandsocialproblems.

C.Researchingintosolutionstoprospectiveinternationalproblems.

D.Combiningresearcheffortsofteachersandstudentsinlearning.

问题5选项

A.arerequiredtoconductmoreindependentresearch

B.arerequiredtooffermorecoursestotheirstudents

C.aresupposedtoassumemoredemandingduties

D.aresupposedtosupervisemorestudentsintheirspecialty

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】51.细节事实题。题干意思是“关于大学的基本结构，下面哪个陈述是正确的？”。根据第一段Theoldparadigmofuniversitiesasself-containedvillagesisbeingshatteredbynewtechnologiesandnewsocietalvalues（大学作为自给自足的村庄的旧范式正在被新技术和新的社会价值观打破）可知D项“自成一体的范式受到新技术和价值观的挑战”正确。A项“以前的大学总是在农村”，该项表述太绝对，文章并没有提到以前的大学都在农村；第二段倒数第二句提到Thethousand-year-oldidealofthecampusasavillage-pacedcommunityforscholarship,discussion,andresearchiseroding.（一千年来，人们一直认为校园是一个像村庄一样的学术、讨论和研究的社区，但这种理想正在逐渐消失）可知B项“传统的校园理想得到了加强”错误；根据第二段第一句Theconventionalwisdomthatittakesasmallvillage—thecollegecampus—toproduceacollegegraduateunderliesthebasicstructureofmostuniversitiestoday.（传统观念认为，只有一个小村庄，即大学校园，才能培养出大学毕业生，这种观念构成了今天大多数大学的基本结构）可知C项“传统模式在过去的千年里发生了根本性的变化”错误。因此，该题选择D项正确。

52.观点态度题。题干意思是“当书评人讨论互联网大学时，……”。文章第四段讲了互联网大学的很多优点：suchaseasyscheduling,efficientdeliveryoflecturestothousandsorevenmillionsofstudentsatonce,andreadyaccessforstudentseverywheretotheresourcesofalltheworld’sgreatlibraries.（比如容易安排课程，同时高效率地向数千甚至数百万学生提供讲座，各地的学生随时可以获得世界各大图书馆的资源）；但是接着第五段就讲述了互联网大学带来的一些弊端：underselltheofferingsofmanytraditionalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelydrivingthemoutofbusinessandthrowingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork（会使传统的红砖白瓦的实体大学降低学费，从而让他们迅速退出行业，并使成千上万的职业学者失业）。结合上下文语境，书评人并没有做出自己个人喜好的判断，所以A项“他是支持的”、C项“他对此有矛盾的态度”和D项“他强烈批评”可以排除。因此，该题选择B项“他的观点是客观公正的”正确。

53.细节判断题。题干意思是“以下哪项不被认为是互联网大学的潜在危险？”。根据第五段最后一句Besidesenforcingarigidlystandardizedcurriculum,sucha“collegeeducationinabox”couldunderselltheofferingsofmanytraditionalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelydrivingthemoutofbusinessandthrowingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork（除了强制实施严格的标准化课程外，这种“盒子里的大学教育”可能会会使传统的红砖白瓦的实体大学降低学费，从而让他们迅速退出行业，并使成千上万的职业学者失业）可知，互联网大学的潜在危险包括：让传统的实体大学的老师失业，并且互联网的课件内容是有模板的，缺乏多样化，另外网络课程的成本比传统的课程费用低，所以A项“传统机构的教师可能会失去他们的工作”、B项“基于网络的课程可能比传统课程更便宜”和C项“基于网络的课件内容缺乏多样性”都属于潜在危险，可以排除；D项“互联网大学可能会做很多宣传培养教师”文中没有提到培养老师。因此，该题选择D项正确。

54.细节推断题。题干意思是“根据本书评，大学教育的根本使命应该是什么？”。第七段提到了大学教育的使命，第二句提到insteadofreceivingprimarilytechnicaltrainingandbuildingtheirindividualcareers,universitystudentsandprofessorscouldfocustheirlearningandresearcheffortsonexistingproblemsintheirlocalcommunitiesandtheworld（大学学生和教授可以把他们的学习和研究工作集中在他们当地社区和世界上存在的问题上，而不是主要接受技术培训和建立他们个人的职业生涯），由此可以推断，大学教育的根本使命应该是学习研究如何处理当地社区和世界上存在的问题，而不是接受技术培训和建立他们个人的职业生涯，所以A项“知识学习和职业建设”错误；B项“学习如何解决当前当地和社会问题”正确；C项“研究未来国际问题的解决方案”表述与原文不符；D项“在学习中结合教师和学生的研究努力”这属于完成使命中的过程，而不是使命的目标。因此，该题选择B项正确。

55.细节推断题。题干意思是“从未来大学教师的三个新角色来判断，大学教师……”。文章最后一段提到了大学教师的三个角色，从第二句话Somewouldactasbrokers,assemblingcustomizeddegree-creditprogramsforindividualstudentsbymixingandmatchingthebestcourseofferingsavailablefrominstitutionsallaroundtheworld.（有些会充当中介，通过整合和搭配世界各地机构的最佳课程，为每个学生量身定制学位-学分课程）可以推断，大学教师的角色之一是向学生提供个性化和综合性的课程，B项“被要求为他们的学生提供更多的课程”表述与原文不相符；第三句提到Asecondgroup,mentors,wouldfunctionmuchliketoday’sfacultyadvisers,butarelikelytobeworkingwithmanymorestudentsoutsidetheirownacademicspecialty.（第二种类型是导师，其作用与今天的教师顾问很相似，但很可能在自己的专业领域之外带更多的学生），可推断D项“应该用他们的专业指导更多的学生”也不符合原文；根据文章最后一句Athirdnewroleforfaculty,andinGidley’sviewthemostchallengingandrewardingofall,wouldbeasmeaning-makers:charismaticsagesandpractitionersleadinggroupsofstudents/colleaguesincollaborativeeffortstofindspiritualaswellasrationalandtechnologicalsolutionstospecificreal-worldproblems.（教师的第三个新角色，在吉德利看来也是最具挑战性和最有益的角色，将是作为意义的创造者：富有魅力的圣人和实践者，领导学生和同事团队共同努力，为具体的现实世界问题找到精神上的、理性的和技术上的解决方案）可推断，大学教师的新角色之一就是需要承担更多的职责，C项“应该承担更苛刻的职责”符合原文；A项“需要进行更多的独立研究”在原文中没有提到。因此，该题选择C项正确。

7.单选题

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformand

function,theirdimensionsandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers-usingnon-scientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennon-verbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist'smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldthevalvesbeplaced?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisionssuchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestock-in-tradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentail“hardthinking,”nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessesandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisitestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.

Itcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblem-solving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations;theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorthinksengineeringcurriculaare（

）

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestillustratesthemainpointofthefirstpassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbestserveasanintroductiontothepassage?

5.TheauthorcallsthepredicamentfacedbytheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecord“paradoxical”(lines22)mostprobablybecause（

）

6.Accordingtothepassagerandomfailuresinautomaticcontrolsystemsare“notmerelytrivialaberrations”(lines32)because（

）

7.Theauthorusestheexampleoftheearlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsprimarilyto（

）

问题1选项

A.identifyingthekindsofthinkingthatareusedbytechnologists

B.stressingtheimportanceofnonverbalthinkinginengineeringdesign

C.proposinganewrolefornonscientificthinkinginthedevelopmentoftechnology

D.contrastingthegoalsofengineerswiththoseoftechnologists

问题2选项

A.strengthenedwhentheyincludecourseindesign

B.weakenedbythesubstitutionofphysicalsciencecoursesforcoursesdesignedtodevelopmathematicalskills

C.strongbecausenonverbalthinkingisstillemphasizedbymostofthecourses

D.strongdespitetheerrorsthatgraduatesofsuchcurriculahavemadeinthedevelopmentofautomaticcontrolsystems

问题3选项

A.Whenamachinelikearotaryenginemalfunctions,itisthetechnologistwhoisbestequippedtorepairit.

B.Eachcomponentofanautomobile-forexample,theengineorthefueltank-hasashapethathasbeenscientificallydeterminedtobebestsuitedtothatcomponent’sfunction.

C.Thedistinctivefeaturesofasuspensionbridgereflectitsdesigner’sconceptualizationaswellasthephysicalrequirementsofitssite.

D.Thedesignerofanewrefrigeratorshouldconsiderthedesignsofotherrefrigeratorsbeforedecidingonitsfinalform.

问题4选项

A.Theassumptionthattheknowledgeincorporatedintechnologicaldevelopmentsmustbederivedfromscienceignoresthemanynonscientificdecisionsmadebytechnologists.

B.Analyticalthoughtisnolongeravitalcomponentinthesuccessoftechnologicaldevelopment.

C.Asknowledgeoftechnologyhasincreasedthetendencyhasbeentolosesightoftheimportantroleplayedbyscientificthoughtinmakingdecisionsaboutform,arrangement,andtexture.

D.Amovementinengineeringcollegestowardatechnician’sdegreereflectsademandforgraduateswhohavethenonverbalreasoningabilitythatwasoncecommonamongengineers.

问题5选项

A.thepublicationneededdrawingsthatitsownstaffcouldnotmake.

B.Architecturalschoolsofferedbutdidnotrequireengineeringdesigncoursesfortheirstudents.

C.Engineeringstudentswerenottrainedtomakethetypeofdrawingsneededtorecordthedevelopmentoftheirowndiscipline.

D.Thedrawingsneededweresocomplicatedthatevenstudentsinarchitecturalschoolshaddifficultymakingthem.

问题6选项

A.automaticcontrolsystemsaredesignedbyengineerswhohavelittlepracticalexperienceinthefield.

B.thefailuresarecharacteristicofsystemsdesignedbyengineersrelyingtooheavilyonconceptsinmathematics.

C.thefailuresoccurtoooftentobetakenlightly.

D.designersofautomaticcontrolsystemshavetoolittletrainingintheanalysisofmechanicaldifficulties.

问题7选项

A.weakentheargumentthatmodemengineeringsystemshavemajordefectsbecauseofanabsenceofdesigncoursesinengineeringcurricula.

B.supportthethesisthatthenumberoferrorsinmodemengineeringsystemsislikelytoincrease.

C.illustratetheideathatcoursesindesignarethemosteffectivemeansforreducingthecostofdesigningengineeringsystems.

D.supportthecontentionthatalackofattentiontothenonscientificaspectsofdesignresultsinpoorconceptualizationbyengineers.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:D

【解析】1.根据文章第一段:InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennon-verbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.在西方科技的发展过程中，大体上是由非言语思维刻画了我们物质环境的轮廓并充实了其中的细节。该句强调“non-verbalthinking”的重要性。所以B选项‘强调工程设计中非语言思维的重要性‘符合题意。

2.根据题目中的“engineeringcurricula”找到文章的第二段第一句Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.因此设计课程应该成为工程课程中的基本成份。“should”是在该句中意思是“应该做”而实际上确“没有做”。所以确定A选项‘强调在设计中包括的课程‘符合题意。

3.根据文章第一段：InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennon-verbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.在西方科技的发展过程中，大体上是