考研考博-英语-吉林师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thereisthefearthatbabiesmightbegeneticallyalteredtosuittheparents’wishes.

问题1选项

A.enhanced

B.revised

C.alternated

D.modified

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。alterto表示“更改，改变”；A项enhance“增强”，B项revise“修正，校订”，C项alternate“交替的，轮流的”，D项modify“修改，修饰”。句意：人们担心婴儿的基因会被改变以满足父母的愿望。根据句意可知，选择D项正确。

2.单选题

Johnsaidthattherichercountriesoftheworldshouldmakea（）efforttohelpthepoorercountries.

问题1选项

A.futile

B.glittering

C.frantic

D.concentrated

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。futile“徒劳的”；glittering“闪闪发光的”；frantic“狂乱的”；concentrated“集中的”。句意：约翰说更富裕的国家应该集中去帮助贫穷的国家。选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

Green-spacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureoreverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.Atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreaself-evidentstatementthanonthebaseofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof.Therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreen-spacesintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway,thisdoesnotmean,however,thatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreen-spaceintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespaces.Astothisrathercomplexsubject,Ishall,withinthescopeofthislecture,enterintooneaspectonly,namelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities.

Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintownandcountryplanning,hasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionfor,formsofrecreationfarfromhome,whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome.Wehavecometotheconclusionthatthisisnotright,becauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworking,isusedforactivitiesaspossible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.

Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreets,becausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreatifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreet-doorofyourhouseisclosedafteryou.

1.Theauthorsuggeststhattherecreativepossibilitiesofgreenspaceshouldbeprovided（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,green-spacefacilitiesshouldbedesignedinsuchawaythat（）.

3.Themainideaofthepassageisthat（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theimportanceofgreen-paceintheurbanenvironment（）.

问题1选项

A.inspecialareas

B.inthesuburbs

C.ingardensandparks

D.intheneighborhoodofthehouse

问题2选项

A.recreativeactivitiesmightbebroughtintoourhomes

B.moreandmorepeoplemighthaveaccesstothem

C.anincreasingnumberofrecreativeactivitiesmightbedeveloped

D.moreobligatoryactivitiesmighttakeonarecreativeaspect

问题3选项

A.prioritymustbegiventothedevelopmentofobligatoryactivities

B.attentionmustbedirectedtotheimprovementofrecreativepossibilities

C.theurbanenvironmentisprovidingmorerecreativeactivitiesthanitdidmanyyearsago

D.betteruseofgreen-spacefacilitiesshouldbemadesoastoimprovethequalityofourlife

问题4选项

A.hasbeenfullyrecognized

B.isbeingcloselystudied

C.isusuallyneglected

D.isstillunknown

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为绿地空间的娱乐发展可能性怎样？”文章第二段提到因为娱乐方式远离居住区，而花在提高居住小区娱乐发展可能性方面的注意力很少（whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome），因此选项D符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为绿色空间设施应该怎么样设计？”文章第二段最后一句话提到这些娱乐设施的设计需要能够使得更多的强制性活动也有娱乐的一面（thedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect），因此选项D符合题意。

3.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章的主要思想是什么？”本文主要讲述了绿地设施的娱乐功能。首先通过介绍绿地设施引出话题，然后运用城乡规划的居住区、工作区、交通和娱乐分离的理论所造成的不足，强调通过提高居住区娱乐发展可能性来改善居民生活，因此选项D“更好地利用绿地设施来提高生活水平”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，绿色空间在城市环境中的重要性……”。文章第一段提到目前人们已经广泛认可了绿地设施的好处，虽然是一种不证自明的说法，还并不是一种经过严密推理的科学证明（Atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreaself-evidentstatementthanonthebaseofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof），因此选项A“被广泛接受”符合题意。

4.单选题

Thebottomlineisthatpatientswhowanttomakesuretheirdoctoriscompetenthavealotofworktodo.Andtheworkshouldbedoneonthefrontend:expertsemphasizethatpeopleshouldfindadoctorandestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth,sotheydon’thavetoscramblewhentheycomedownwithbronchitisorfindasuspiciouslump.

Studieshavefoundthatitishardtogetanappointmentatshortnoticewhencold-calling,andthatpatientswitharegularsourceofcaregetbettercare,evenwhentheyareuninsured.Whilesomeinternistshaveadditionaltrainingincardiologyorrheumatology,shewenton,primarycarephysiciansalsohaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.

Manywomenchooseagynecologistastheirregulardoctor,Dr.Gallinsaid,butshouldprobablyhavearelationshipwithaninternistaswell.Next,reviewthelistofdoctorsinyourhealthplan.Considertheirlocationaswellastheirhospitalaffiliations.Youmaywanttocross-checkyourhealthplan’slistwithatopdoctorslistforyourarea;theselists(oftenpublishedinregionalmagazineslikeNewYorkandNewJerseyMonthly)areusuallygeneratedbysurveyingphysicians.

Checkwithyourhealthplantoseewhetherithasgoodinformationonindividualphysicians(mostdon’t,butmanyareworkingonit).GoodqualitymeasuresincludeNationalCommitteeonQualityAssuranceaccreditationaboutwhetherdoctorsmeetcriteriaforcareforspecificconditionslikebackpainordiabetes,andtheHealthcareEffectivenessDataInformationSet,whichfocusesonadherencetoclinicalguidelines,likeprescribingabetablockerafteraheartattack.Somehealthplansalsooffernetworksofhigh-performingor“honorroll”physicians;askaboutcriteria.

Ifyou’reuninsured,youmaybeabletonegotiatewithadoctorandagreeonareducedfee,butrememberthatyouwillalsoberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,X-rays,proceduresandmedications.Thesecostsaremorelikelytobecoveredorchargedonaslidingscaleatacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinic.(Tofindalocation,seeunder“FindHelp”,ortheFamiliesUSAWebsite,,under“ResourcesforConsumers”.)

Otherfactorstoconsiderarewhetherthedoctorhaseveningandweekendhours,whethertheofficeleavestimeopentoschedulesame-dayappointmentsforurgentcare,whetherwaitingtimesarereasonableandwhetherthedoctorisinsolopracticeoragrouppractice.(Someexpertssaythatgrouppracticestendtobemoreefficientandthatdoctorsingroupsaremorelikelytostayuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice.)Ifthedoctoruseselectronicrecords,that’saplus,someexpertssay.

Onthecrucialquestionsofwhetheryouarecomfortablewiththedoctoryou’vechosen,youwon’tknowthatuntilyoumeetwiththedoctor.Pediatricianswillusuallyagreetoaninterview;busyinternistsoftenwon’t.

21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?

22.Inadditiontoagynecologist,womenaresupposedtoestablisharelationshipwithaninternistbecause____.

23.Fortheuninsured,expertssuggest____.

24.Expertsindicatethatifadoctoruseselectronicrecords,____.

25.Strategiesforgettinganappointmentwithadoctormoreeasilyincludeallexcept____.

问题1选项

A.Primaryphysiciansusuallyhaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.

B.Patientsoftenfinditaloteasiertogetanappointmentwhiletheyareingoodhealth.

C.Strategiesareneededforgettinganappointmentwithacompetentdoctor.

D.Thepeopledonotneedtoestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth.

问题2选项

A.everyinternisthasanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals

B.someinternistsareonlytrainedincardiologyorrheumatology

C.theyhavearegularsourceofcare

D.theydonotoftenneedtogetanappointmentwithadoctor

问题3选项

A.theyberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,proceduresandmedication

B.theyreachsomeagreementwithadoctorforadjustedcoverageofcosts

C.theygotoacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinicforfreemedicalcare

D.theyvisittheFamiliesUSAWebsitetolocatefreehealthcare

问题4选项

A.thedoctorshouldbeaprioritychoiceforpatients

B.thedoctormustbeextremelypopularamongpatients

C.patientsshouldgivethedoctorextracredits

D.theuninsuredmaybechargedmorethantheinsured

问题5选项

A.establishingarelationshipwithadoctorwhohaseveningandweekendhours

B.discoveringacomfortrelationshipwithadoctorthroughinterviews

C.findingadoctorinagrouppracticethatstaysuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice

D.stayinguninsuredforreducedchargesincommunityhealthcenters

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】21.主旨大意题。文章第1段第1、2句Thebottomlineisthatpatientswhowanttomakesuretheirdoctoriscompetenthavealotofworktodo.Andtheworkshouldbedoneonthefrontend:expertsemphasizethatpeopleshouldfindadoctorandestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth...（最基本的是，想确保看病的是有能力的医生的病人有很多工作要做。第一步是:专家强调，人们应该在健康的时候去找医生并建立关系……）文章开篇指出，对于想找有能力的医生看病的病人来说，在健康的时候就找好医生并建立关系很重要，随后的段落都是围绕如何找到称职的医生展开的，C选项“预约到有能力的医生需要一些策略”的表述符合文章的主旨。另外，第25题也可以提供一些提示。A选项“初级医生通常有一个可推荐的值得信赖的专家网络”、B选项“病人们经常发现，当他们在身体健康时，预约成功要容易得多”是文章细节的内容，不是主旨。D选项“人们健康的时候不需要与医生建立关系”，表述与原文不符，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

22.推理判断题。题干“除了妇科医生，女性也应该与内科医生建立关系，因为____”，可定位到原文第3段第1句Manywomenchooseagynecologistastheirregulardoctor,Dr.Gallinsaid,butshouldprobablyhavearelationshipwithaninternistaswell.（加林博士说，许多女性选择妇科医生作为她们的常规医生，但或许也应该与内科医生保持联系。）但是，该句后文以Next（然后）开头，主要介绍怎么找合适的医生，所以，本题的答案应该往前找。原文第2段提到“有常规治疗来源的病人（patientswitharegularsourceofcare）得到更好的护理”，紧接着说“尽管一些内科医生在心脏病学或风湿病学方面有额外的培训，但初级保健医生也有一个可推荐的值得信赖的专家网络。”由此推断，专家建议女性应该和内科医生联系一下，是因为他们有可推荐的值得信赖的专家网络，即常规治疗来源，C选项“他们有常规的治疗来源”表述正确。B选项“一些内科医生只接受过心脏病学或风湿病学的培训”，表述不符合原文，“心脏病学或风湿病学的培训”是内科医生的额外训练，说明他们还接受了其他训练，排除；A选项“每个内科医生都有一个可推荐的值得信赖的专家网络”，原文并没有提到“每个”，该选项属于过度推理；D选项“他们不需要总是跟医生预约”，原文只是说有常规护理来源的能得到更好的治疗（getbettercare），并没有说就不需要预约了，该选项属于过度推理。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

23.事实细节题。题干“对于没有保险的人，专家建议____”，可定位到原文第5段第1句Ifyou’reuninsured,youmaybeabletonegotiatewithadoctorandagreeonareducedfee,butrememberthatyouwillalsoberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,X-rays,proceduresandmedications.（如果你没有保险，可以和医生协商，让医生同意降低费用，但是记住你还是要承担实验室检测、血液检测、X光、程序和药物的费用。）由此可知，B选项“他们与医生就调整承担的费用达成了协议”正是专家的建议；A选项“他们承担实验室检测、血液检测、程序和药物的费用”并不是专家的建议，排除；C选项“他们去社区健康中心或医院诊所享受免费医疗”，可定位到第5段第2句Thesecostsaremorelikelytobecoveredorchargedonaslidingscaleatacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinic.（这些费用更有可能由社区卫生中心或医院诊所按浮动比例支付或收取。）由此可知，社区健康中心或医院诊所并不提供免费医疗，并且这不是专家的建议，选项表述与原文不符，排除。D选项“他们访问美国家庭网站，寻找免费医疗服务”，可定位到第5段最后一句Tofindalocation,…,ortheFamiliesUSAWebsite,,under“ResourcesforConsumers”.（您可以在美国家庭网站的“消费者资源”中找到。）根据上下文，这个网址是找社区健康中心或者医院诊所的，并且这些医疗也并不是免费的，选项表述不符合原文，排除。

因此，本题最佳选项为B。

24.判断推理题。题干“专家提示，如果一个医生使用电子病历，那么____”，可定位到原文倒数第2段最后一句Ifthedoctoruseselectronicrecords,that’saplus,someexpertssay.（一些专家说，如果医生使用电子病历，这是一个优点。）由此可知，使用电子病历的医生是相对来说可靠的好的医生；另外，全文主要是介绍如何挑选好的医生并与之建立联系，A选项“这个医生应该是病人优先选择的对象”，符合原文。B选项“这位医生一定很受病人欢迎”，原文只是说这是该医生的优点，并没有提到一定特别受欢迎，该选项属于过度推测；C选项“病人应该给医生额外的赞扬”，专家说这是一个优点，并不是为了要赞扬医生，而是告诉读者可以选择这样的医生，所以排除C选项；D选项“未投保的人可能会比已投保的人被收取更多的费用”，原文并未提及，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

25.事实细节题。题干“更容易预约医生的策略包括除____以外的所有内容。”

A选项“与一位晚上和周末都有空的医生建立关系”，可定位到原文倒数第2段第一句Otherfactorstoconsiderarewhetherthedoctorhaseveningandweekendhours…（其他需要考虑的因素包括医生是否有晚上和周末的时间……），由此可知，晚上和周末都有空的医生更方便关系和预约看病，选项表述符合原文；B选项“通过会面与医生建立舒适的关系”，可定位到原文最后一段第1句Onthecrucialquestionsofwhetheryouarecomfortablewiththedoctoryou’vechosen,youwon’tknowthatuntilyoumeetwiththedoctor.（关于你是否能跟你选择的医生相处愉快这个关键问题，直到你们见了面，你才会知道。）由此可知，通过双方面对面交往，才能知道是否能跟对方相处愉快，才能建立舒适的关系，选项表述符合原文；C选项“找一个属于某个医疗团队的医生且这个团队进行当前最新的医疗实践”，可定位到原文倒数第2段倒数第2句Someexpertssaythatgrouppracticestendtobemoreefficientandthatdoctorsingroupsaremorelikelytostayuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice.（一些专家说，集体实践往往更有效率，团体医生更有可能保持最新的医疗实践。）由此可知，作者更推荐处于某个医学团队的医生，选项表述符合原文；D选项“为了在社区卫生中心享受降低一点的费用而不买保险”，可定位到原文第5段第1句Ifyou’reuninsured,youmaybeabletonegotiatewithadoctorandagreeonareducedfee…（如果你没有保险，你可以和医生协商降低费用……）原文只是说没有买保险的人可以跟医生商量少收一些费用，并没有建议不买保险，选项表述与原文不符。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

5.单选题

Idon’treallyknowhowto（

）theproblem.

问题1选项

A.draw

B.deal

C.cope

D.tackle

【答案】D

【解析】根据句意可知这里指处理问题，选项A不符合句意；选项B和C后面都需要接介词with，所以只有选项D正确。

6.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversiononAnswerSheet.(10%)

Likethepopulationexplosion,thescientificandtechnologicalrevolutionbegantopickupspeedslowlyduringtheeighteenthcentury.Andthisongoingrevolutionhasalsosuddenlyacceleratedexponentially.Forexample,itisnowanaxiominmanyfieldsofsciencethatmorenewandimportantdiscoverieshavetakenplaceinthelasttenyearsthanintheentireprevioushistoryofscience.Whilenosinglediscoveryhashadthekindofeffectonourrelationshiptotheearththatnuclearweaponshavehadonourrelationshiptowarfare,itisneverthelesstruethattakentogether,theyhavecompletelytransformedourcumulativeabilitytoexploittheearthforsustenance—makingtheconsequencesofunrestrainedexploitationeverybitasunthinkableastheconsequencesofunrestrainednuclearwar.

【答案】和人口爆炸一样，科技革命在十八世纪开始慢慢加速。之后这场正在进行的革命也突然呈指数地加速。例如，在过去十年中发生的重大新发现比以往整个科学史上的发现都要多，这已成为许多科学领域的一个公理。虽然没有任何一项发现产生了像核武器对我们与战争的关系所产生的影响一样，对我们与地球的关系产生了如此大的影响，但总的来说，它们完全改变了我们为维持生存而不断积累的开采地球的能力，这使得无节制开采的后果与无节制的核战争的后果一样难以想象。

7.单选题

LegislativesuccesswillcomeifMr.Obamaisskillfulpoliticallyandisabletowranglesupport

（）keylegislators（）keymomentsintheprocess.

问题1选项

A.from,at

B.between,and

C.from,to

D.outof,on

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。supportfrom“来自……的支持”，supportfromkeylegislators“来自主要议员的支持”；atkeymoment“在关键时刻”，因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

In1911,theforcesofSunYat-senestablishedtheChineseRepublic,andPuYi,thelastemperoroftheQingDynasty,wasforcedto______.

问题1选项

A.accredit

B.abdicate

C.toss

D.accede

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.accredit认为；委任B.abdicate退位；失（职）

C.toss（轻轻或漫不经心地）扔，抛D.accede同意（请求、建议等）；就任

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据空格前的wasforcedto可知，beforcedtodosth.是固定搭配，表示“被迫做某事”，空格处应该填入一个动词，由关键信息theforcesofSunYat-senestablishedtheChineseRepublic（孙中山的军队建立了中华民国）和thelastemperoroftheQingDynasty（清朝末代皇帝），结合历史常识可知，空格处表示“退位”符合句意，故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】1911年，孙中山的军队建立了中华民国，清朝末代皇帝溥仪被迫退位。

9.单选题

Fortensofthousandsofprofoundlydeafadultsandchildrenworldwide,cochleaimplantshaveprovidedausefulsubstitutefornaturalhearing.Thesedeviceselectricallystimulatetheauditorynervewithinthecochlea,enablingmanyuserstocarryonaconversationwithoutvisualcues,suchasoverthetelephone.Butforthepatientswhosenerveendingshavedegeneratedorwhoseauditorynerveshavebeendestroyed,theonlyhopeforrestoringhearingistoaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.NowCaliforniaresearchersaregearinguptodojustthat,goingbeyondcochleaimplantswithadevicethatwillplugdirectlyintothebrain.

AttheHuntingtonMedicalResearchInstitutes(HMEI)inPasadena.Calif,neuro-physiologistDouglasMcCreeyshowsoffacatthatisalreadyusingthenewdevice.Likeacochleaimplant,itconsistsofanexternalspeechprocessorandareceiverimplantedunderthescalp.Butthewiresfromthereceiverbypassthecochleaandinsteadtravelallthewaytothebrainstem.Theyendinanarrayofsixiridiummicroelectrodesthatpenetratetheventralcochleanucleus,oneoftheauditorycentersthatnormallyreceiveinputfromthecochlea.TheimplantisnotmeanttoenableMcCerry’scattohear,itsnaturalhearingisinfactstillintact.RatherMcCreeyrecordstheneuralsignalstheimplantproducesandfindsthatthesignalsconveythefrequencycodedinformationappropriateforthecomprehensionofspeech.

Initscurrentformthebrainstemimplantfeaturesanarrayofeightflatelectricalcontactsthataresimplyplacedagainstthesurfaceofthebrainstemneartheventralcochleanucleus.Therecipientsofthesedevices—about150peopleglobally—getenoughauditoryinformationtoimprovetheirlip-readingskillsandtoperceiveenvironmentalsounds,buttheyrarelyattaingoodspeechcomprehensionintheabsenceofvisualcues.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.What’sthegoalofCaliforniaresearchersmentionedinthefirstparagraph?

3.WhydoesDouglasMcCreeryshowoffacat?

问题1选项

A.Cochleaimplants.

B.Reasonsofdeaf

C.Anewauditoryremedy.

D.Structureoftheauditorysystem.

问题2选项

A.Tofindanewmethodofcochlearimplant.

B.Tostimulatetheauditorynervewithinthecochlear.

C.Tostudycat’scochlea.

D.Toaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.

问题3选项

A.Toadvocatepeopletoprotectanimals.

B.Tocurethecat'shearingloss.

C.Tocarryoutcochlearimplantonthecat.

D.Togiveadisplayofthenewdevice

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，开头提到了耳蜗植入装置使许多使用者能够在没有视觉提示的情况下进行交谈，但对于神经末梢退化或听觉神经受损的患者却没用。因此加州的研究人员正在研究一种可以直接插入大脑的植入式耳蜗。接下来的内容则是具体的这项新的研究，所以选项C“一种新的听觉疗法”最能概括全文。

2.判断推理题。根据第一段最后一句“NowCaliforniaresearchersaregearinguptodojustthat,goingbeyondcochleaimplantswithadevicethatwillplugdirectlyintothebrain.现在，加州的研究人员正准备这样做，这是一种可以直接插入大脑的植入式耳蜗。”原文中的“that”即上文提到的“toaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.进入听觉系统的后期。”所以选项D正确。

3.判断推理题。根据第二段第一句“AttheHuntingtonMedicalResearchInstitutes(HMEI)inPasadena.Calif,neuro-physiologistDouglasMcCreeyshowsoffacatthatisalreadyusingthenewdevice.加州神经生理学家DouglasMcCreey展示了一只已经在使用这种新设备的猫。”由此可知，DouglasMcCreery实际上是在展示新的设备，所以选项D正确。

10.单选题

Theresearchinareasofhuman______andexplorationsuggeststhatthesecharacteristicsarisefrombothintrinsicmotivationsordrivestogaininformationandextrinsicexplorativebehavior.

问题1选项

A.orderliness

B.curiosity

C.innocence

D.shyness

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项orderliness“整洁，整齐；秩序井然”；B选项curiosity“好奇，好奇心；珍品，古董，古玩”；C选项innocence“清白，无罪；天真无邪”；D选项shyness“羞怯”。句意：人类______和探索领域的研究表明，这些特征来自于获取信息的内在动机或驱动，以及外在的探索行为。横线处与后面的“探索领域”是并列主语，与获取信息和探索对应度最高的是好奇心，B选项curiosity“好奇，好奇心”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

InsomeAfricancountries，thecostoftreatinganAIDSpatientmay（

）hisorherentireannualincome.

问题1选项

A.exploit

B.expel

C.expire

D.exceed

【答案】D

【解析】考察形近词辨析。exploit“剥削，利用”；expel“驱逐”；expire“期满；终止”；exceed“超出”。句意：治疗费用可能会超出他一年的费用。

12.单选题

Terroristactivities,inwhateverforms,aretobedenouncedbypeace-lovingpeopleworldwide.

问题1选项

A.announced

B.forgiven

C.condemned

D.despised

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。denounce表示“谴责，公然抨击”；A项announce“宣布”，B项forgive“原谅”，C项condemn“谴责，判刑”，D项despise“轻视，鄙视”。句意：任何形式的恐怖主义活动都应受到全世界爱好和平的人民的谴责。根据句意可知，该题选择C项正确。

13.单选题

Incourtherepeatedhis（）thathewasnotguiltyinfrontofthejury.

问题1选项

A.impressions

B.alliterations

C.clauses

D.assertions

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析。Impression印象，感想；alliteration头韵；clause从句；（法律文件等的）条款;assertion主张,断言。句意:在陪审团面前,他重申自己无罪的。因此D项符合句意。

14.单选题

Reductionsinoverseasgovernmentexpendituretookplace,but____andmoregraduallythannowseemsdesirable.

问题1选项

A.reluctantly

B.unwittingly

C.impulsively

D.anxiously

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.reluctantly不情愿地B.unwittingly无意地；茫然地

C.impulsively强制地D.anxiously焦急地

【考查点】句间逻辑

【解题思路】前半句提到“减少海外财政支出”，根据but可知，前后语义存在转折；另外，空格处通过and与moregradually“更加逐渐”并列，后者说明这项措施进行得非常缓慢，因此，A选项reluctantly“不情愿地”符合原句语义逻辑。

【干扰项排除】

B选项unwittingly“无意地；不知不觉地”，原句没有体现，不符合原句语义逻辑；

C选项impulsively“强制地”，原句没有体现，不符合原句语义逻辑；

D选项anxiously“焦急地”，与moregradually“更加逐渐”搭配不合适。

【句意】海外财政支出减少了，但是减得不情愿，并且进行得似乎比现在希望的更加缓慢。

15.单选题

Ifacouplearedivorcedandtheirchildliveswithhismother,heissaidtosufferfromlaceof______love.

问题1选项

A.maternal

B.fraternal

C.paternal

D.parental

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项maternal“母亲的、母性的”；B项fraternal“兄弟般的、友好的”；C项paternal“父亲的、父亲般的”；D项parental“父母亲的”；句意：如果一对夫妇离婚了，他们的孩子和他的母亲住在一起，那么他被认为缺乏父爱。因此该题C项正确。

16.单选题

EuropeisfollowingtheDutchleadandtakingthegreenmovementtothemanufacturersofwhitegoodsandelectronics.AspateoflegislationemergingfromBrusselsaimsultimatelytoholdmanufacturersresponsibleforthefateoftheirproductsalongafterthey’veleftstoreshelvesorcarshowrooms.They’rebeingtoldtheymustensurethatasmuchas85percentoftheirproductsberecycledorreused,andtheremainderdisposedofinenvironmentallysoundways.

Somethingsurelyneedstobedone.Inrecentdecadesconsumershavegrownusedtoanever-speedierturnoverofhardware.Acomputerbuiltinthe1960slasted10yearsonaverage;nowtheyarescrappedinjustfour.Inthepastmorethan90percentofthisdetritushadbeenburiedinlandfills.Europe'sjunkheapofelectronicgoodsnowweighs6milliontonsandwilldoublein12years.Allthiswasteistakinganobvioustollontheplanet.

EvenatthisearlystageinEurope'srecyclingexperiment,thoughthenewlawshavealreadycausedunintendedproblems.SomeEuropeancountrieshavebeencaughtwhollyunprepared.Becauseofthenewregulations,wastesitesandincinerators（焚化炉）throughoutEuropearebeinginundatedwithhardware.Recyclingfacilitiesnowcomingonlinefaceabacklogofsixmonths.Anotherproblem:replacingbadbutessentialmaterials.TheEUwillsoonbantheuseofthelead,ahazardoussubstancethat’sbeenusedfordecadestosoldercircuitboards.Electronicscompaniesarestrugglingtofindalternatives.“Thiscouldbeamuchbiggerchallengeforusthanthewaste-disposalregulation,”saysMichelleONeill,aHewlett-PackardlobbyistinBrussels.

Businessleadersalsowarnofexcessivecosts.“Societyandthepoliticianshaveanotherobjectivehere;tomovecostsontoindustry,”saysViktorSundberg,EuropeanaffairsdirectorofSwedishmanufacturerElectrolux.Inevitablysomeofthosecostswilltrickledowntotheconsumer.Andthere'sthestickyproblemofassigningresponsibility.Isonemanufacturerliableforrecyclingtheproductsofaformerrivalthathasgoneoutofbusiness?Shouldcarmakerspayfordismemberingvehiclesbuiltyearsbeforethedirectivetookeffect?Europehasn'tworkedouttheseissues.

Thenewrecyclinglawsmaynotcostasmuchasonemightthink.Manyofthenewtargetsareonlyincrementallytougherthanexistingones.Carmakers,forinstance,willinfiveyearshavetorecycleorreuse80percent,byweight,oftheiroldcars.Butinthemoreeco-consciousnorthernstates,theyalreadyvoluntarilyrecycle60percent.Thatmaybewhymanufacturershavegreetedthenewrulesmeekly.FordclaimsthatitslatestFiestahatchback,newlybuiltfortheEuropeanmarket,isalready85percentrecyclable;that'sapowerfulimagefortheneweco-friendlymanufacturing,providedEurope’smedicineworkswithouttoomanysideEffects.

1.Theauthorsays“somethingsurelyneedstobedone”because（

）.

2.Theword“inundate”(underlinedinparagraph3)probablymeans

（

）.

3.WhatdisturbselectronicscompaniesmostaccordingtoMichelleONeill?

4.Welearnfromthepassagethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.theenvironmenthasalreadybeenseriouslypolluted.

B.someproductsarereplacedatafasterratethanbefore

C.Europedoesn'thaveenoughplacestoburythediscardedgoods

D.someelectronicgoodswillnotdecayiftheyareburied

问题2选项

A.overwhelm

B.destroy

C.flood

D.pollute

问题3选项

A.Theproductionofrecyclingfacilitiesfallsfarshortofdemand.

B.Thedestructionofelectronicproductswillcostalotofmoney.

C.Thewaste-disposalprocessinvolvesadvancedtechnology.

D.Someessentialmaterialshavetobereplaced.

问题4选项

A.Manufacturersarereluctanttospendalargesumofmoneyonrecyclingtheirproducts.

B.Manufacturerswillshoulderalargerproportionofthecostsofrecycling.

C.InnovativeEuropeanlawsdon’tdefineclearlyhowtoassigntheresponsibility.

D.InnovativeEuropeanlawsarenotapplicableinmanydevelopingcountries.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Somethingsurelyneedstobedone.Inrecentdecadesconsumershavegrownusedtoanever-speedierturnoverofhardware.（一定要做点什么。近几十年来，消费者已经习惯了越来越快的硬件周转）可知B选项“某些产品的更换速度比以前快”符合题意。

2.词义题。由文章第三段中的Becauseofthenewregulations,wastesitesandincineratorsthroughoutEuropearebeinginundatedwithhardware.Recyclingfacilitiesnowcomingonlinefaceabacklogofsixmonths.（由于新的法规，整个欧洲的废物场和焚烧炉都被硬件……现在即将上线的回收设施面临六个月的积压）可知“inundate”为动词，由后面的回收设备积压时间长，可推测前面的废物长和焚烧炉应该是被硬件覆盖、堆积淹没。flood侧重于被水淹没，而overwhelm则侧重于情感方面，指被强烈的感情淹没而不知所措，因此选C。

3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Anotherproblem:replacingbadbutessentialmaterials...“Thiscouldbeamuchbiggerchallengeforusthanthewaste-disposalregulation,”saysMichelleONeill,aHewlett-PackardlobbyistinBrussels.（另一个问题是：更换坏的但必要的材料……“这对我们来说可能是一个比废物处理条例更大的挑战，”位于布鲁塞尔的惠普说客MichelleONeill说）可知D选项“必须更换一些基本材料”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Andthere'sthestickyproblemofassigningresponsibility...Europehasn'tworkedouttheseissues.（还有一个棘手的问题就是分配责任……欧洲还没有解决这些问题）可知C选项“创新的欧洲法律没有明确规定如何分配责任”符合题意。

17.单选题

Groupsofpolicewere______allalongthestreetwheretheQueenwastopass.

问题1选项

A.dispersed

B.displaced

C.dispensed

D.discounted

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项dispersed“分散”；B选项displaced“取代；移动位置”；C选项dispensed“分发”；D选项discounted“打折；不理会”。句意：成群的警察被______在女王要经过的街道上。这里A选项dispersed“分散”比较符合语境，指警察在街道上保护女王，符合题意。因此A选项正确。

18.填空题

Ourresearchteamis（1）tocompleteamajorproject.Ourfindingswillbe（2）inaseriesofarticlesscheduledtoappearnextyear.Iwillalso（3）theresultsataconferencebeing（4）inSydneylaterthisyear.

句意:我们的研究小组将要完成一个重点项目。我们的研究成果将发表在一系列计划明年出现的文章中。随后我也将在今年的悉尼会议上公布这些成果。

【答案】1.going

2.published

3.announce

4.held

【解析】1.固定搭配。Begoingtodo将要。

2.语义题。发表用publish,此处为被动语态，故用published。

3.语义题。此处表示“公布成果”。

4.固定搭配。holdaconference举办会议。这里是被动语态故用held。

19.翻译题

ThenationsmeetinghereinShanghaiunderstandwhatitisstake.Ifwedonotstandagainstterrorismnow,everycivilizednationwillatsomepointbeitstarget.Wewilldefeattheterroristsbydestroyingtheirnetwork,whereveritisfound.Wewillalsodefeattheterroristsbybuildinganenduringprosperitythatpromisesmoreopportunityandbetterlivesforalltheworld'speople.

ThecountriesofthePacificRimmadethedecisiont