考研考博-英语-哈密职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-哈密职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

WalkthroughTimesSquare—you’rebombardedwithadvertising.Anditturnsout,abumblebeemighthaveasimilarfeeling,buzzingthroughafieldofflowers.“Sotheseflowersarethesebillboards,they’readvertisingacommodity,thisdeliciousnectar(花蜜)reward,andbeesareverypickyshoppers”,saysAnneLeonard,apollinationbiologistattheUniversityofNevada,Reno.

Shedescribesaflowerfieldasasortofpollinationmarketplace.“Beesarenectarexperts.Theyarereallygoodatassessingevenreallysmalldifferencesinthesugarconcentrationofnectar.”Theyalsoscopeoutflowershapeandsize,colorandscent.AndnowLeonardandhercolleagueshavediscoveredthatbumblebeesarealsosensitivetopollen.

Theyfoundthatoutbylacingbatchesofcherrypollenwitheithertablesugarorbitterquinine.Andtodisplaythepollentobees,“Wegotreallyintoit—westarted3-Dprintingflowersinourlab.”Andfortheanther—themaleflowerpart,whichpresentsthepollen—pipecleaners.“SoweboughtoutMichael’scraftstoresuppliesofthesepipecleanersandusedtheminourexperiments.”

Itturnsoutbeeswouldreturnagainandagaintothesamecolorflowerthatdispensedsweetpollen,andspendmoretimecollectingthere.Butwhenconfrontedwiththebitterpollen,theysoughtadifferentcoloredflowerfortheirverynextstop.Allofwhichsuggeststhat,inadditiontosavoringnectar,beestastepollentoo—andjudgeflowersbyit.TheresultsareinthejournalBiologyLetters.

Thefindingmeansthatplantshavetofindahappymedium:“Socanyoumakeyourpollenattractiveenoughthatthebeeswillcollectit,butdistastefulenoughthattheywon’tcollecttoomuchofit?”Andthatbalancingact,ofcarefullycalibratedchemistry(校准化学)—it’sjustoneofthemanytransactionsthatplaysoutinthebuzzingpollinationmarketplace,wheretheobjectistomakeasweetprofit.

1.Whatdoestheauthorcompareaflowerfieldto?

2.Whyarebeesdescribedasnectarexperts?

3.WhatareusedtopresentthepollenbyAnneandhercolleaguesintheirexperiments?

4.Howdobeeschoosewheretovisitinaflowerfieldaccordingtothepassage?

5.WhatdoAnneandhercolleagues’researchfindingssuggest?

问题1选项

A.TimesSquare.

B.Acommodity.

C.Abillboard.

D.Ashopper.

问题2选项

A.Becausetheyareabletodetectdifferencesinsugarlevelsofnectar.

B.Becausetheyarecapableofdiscerningdifferenttypesofflowers.

C.Becausetheyknowinstinctivelywheretocollectmorenectar.

D.Becausetheycoulddistinguishsweetpollenfrombitterone.

问题3选项

A.3-Dprinters.

B.Pipecleaners.

C.Sugar.

D.Quinine.

问题4选项

A.Bycolorandscentofflowers.

B.Bytasteofnectarandpollen.

C.Bymalenessorfemalenessofflowers.

D.Byshapeandsizeofflowers.

问题5选项

A.Calibratedchemistryisveryusefulinchangingthestructureofpollen.

B.Attractingmorebeestopollinatecouldmakeplantsmoreproductive.

C.Themorebeestobeattracted,thebetteritwillbeforthepollen.

D.Thetasteofpollencanbecontrolledforcommercialpurpose.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“WalkthroughTimesSquare—you’rebombardedwithadvertising.Anditturnsout,abumblebeemighthaveasimilarfeeling,buzzingthroughafieldofflowers.‘Sotheseflowersarethesebillboards,they’readvertisingacommodity,thisdeliciousnectar(花蜜)reward,andbeesareverypickyshoppers’（走过纽约时代广场，你会被广告不断侵扰。事实证明，熊蜂在嗡嗡地飞过花田时，可能会有类似的感觉。因为这些花朵就像是那些广告牌，它们在为这些美味可口的花蜜打广告，而蜜蜂就是那些非常挑剔的消费者）”。由此可知作者把花田比作时代广场，把花朵比作广告牌。A选项“时代广场”；B选项“一种商品”；C选项“广告牌”；D选项“购物者”。B、C、D选项均不符合题意，因此A选项正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Beesarenectarexperts.Theyarereallygoodatassessingevenreallysmalldifferencesinthesugarconcentrationofnectar.（蜜蜂是花蜜专家。它们很擅长评估花蜜，即使花蜜糖的浓度存在微小的区别它们也能感觉到。）”。A选项“因为它们能够检测出花蜜中糖分水平的差异”；B选项“因为它们能够辨别不同种类的花”；C选项“因为它们本能地知道去哪里采集更多的花蜜”；D选项“因为它们可以区分甜花粉和苦花粉”。B、C、D选项均不符合题意，因此A选项正确。

3.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Andtodisplaythepollentobees,‘Wegotreallyintoit—westarted3-Dprintingflowersinourlab.’（为了向蜜蜂展示花粉，‘我们进行了非常深入地研究，我们开始在实验室用3D技术打印花朵。’）”。A选项“3D打印技术”正确；B选项“清管器”是为了呈现花药部分；C选项“甜蔗糖”和D选项“苦奎宁”是为了试验蜜蜂对花粉味道的评估。因此A选项正确。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段“Itturnsoutbeeswouldreturnagainandagaintothesamecolorflowerthatdispensedsweetpollen,andspendmoretimecollectingthere.（实验证明，蜜蜂会在含有甜蔗糖花粉的相同颜色花朵间重复往返，并且花费更多的时间来采集。）”。A选项“根据花的颜色和气味”正确；B选项“通过花蜜和花粉的味道”；C选项“通过花的雄性或雌性”；D选项“根据花朵的形状和大小”。B、C、D选项均不符合题意，因此A选项正确。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“Andthatbalancingact,ofcarefullycalibratedchemistry(校准化学)—it’sjustoneofthemanytransactionsthatplaysoutinthebuzzingpollinationmarketplace,wheretheobjectistomakeasweetprofit.（这一精确校准化学的平衡做法，只是蜜蜂授粉市场上进行的众多交易中的其中一种。该市场的目标是获得甜蜜的利润。）”，由此可知市场上很多人为了商业利润会人为的控制花粉的味道。A选项“校准化学在改变花粉结构方面非常有用”看似正确，但是联系全文以及安妮和同事们的研究，她们试验的结果主要还是表明花粉味道的可控性；B选项“吸引更多的蜜蜂授粉可以使植物更多产”和C选项“吸引的蜜蜂越多，花粉就越好”都不符合题意；D选项“为了商业目的，花粉的味道可以被控制”说法正确，因此D选项正确。

2.写作题

Asayinggoes“Thepastistheguideforthefuture.”Towhatextentdoyouagreewiththesaying?Youmaybaseyourjudgmentseitheronyourownlifeorworkexperiences,oronsocialdevelopments.Writeanessayofabout400words.

Requirements:Inthefirstpartofyourwritingyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainidea,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportthemainideawithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.

【答案】【略】

3.不定项选择题

Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.

Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain,truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.

Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerailcompany.Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensive,timeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.

Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.It’stheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?”asksMartinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshipper.

Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortunes,stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe$10.2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail’snetrailwayoperatingincomein1996wasjust$427million,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Who’sgoingtopayfortherestofthebill?Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.

1.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergersrailwaymonopolyisunlikelybecause（）.

2.Whatismanycaptiveshippers’attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that（）.

4.Theword“arbiters”（line6,paragraph4）mostprobablyreferstothose（）.

5.Accordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycausedby（）.

问题1选项

A.costreductionisbasedoncompetition

B.servicescallforcross-tradecoordination

C.outsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexist

D.shipperswillhavetherailwaybythethroat

问题2选项

A.Indifferent.

B.Supportive.

C.Indignant.

D.Apprehensive.

问题3选项

A.shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad

B.therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwide

C.overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforraterelief

D.agovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness

问题4选项

A.whoworkascoordinators

B.whofunctionasjudges

C.whosupervisetransactions

D.whodeterminetheprice

问题5选项

A.thecontinuingacquisition

B.thegrowingtraffic

C.thecheeringWallStreet

D.theshrinkingmarket

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:本题考查了对细节的理解。题目问的是并购支持者为什么认为铁路行业内不会形成垄断。答案要在第二段的前半段中找，因为后半段说的是货主们的观点。支持者们认为：“Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.”，意思是：因为要和卡车（指公路运输）竞争，所以不存在垄断的可能。所以C选项最符合文章的意思。A项不对，文章说支持者认为合并能降低成本，与竞争没有关系。B项没有根据。D项把主语和宾语弄反了，而且也不是支持者的观点，所以也是错误的。

第2题:这题和上一题是一样的。上题问的是支持者的观点，本题问的是货主的态度，要求考生根据文中所提供的线索做判断。通过文章中几处对托运商的描述，如：“Butmanyshipperscomplainthat...”（第二段），“Manycaptiveshippersalsoworry...”（第五段），“Manycaptiveshippersfearthat...”（第五段），我们可以判断出货主的态度是忧虑的，对未来的状况忧心忡忡。所以D选项是正确的。C项并不对。C项的含义是“愤怒的”。这篇文章是论说性的文章，反映的是各方对铁路行业内合并的趋势和前景的看法。文中的许多描述用的是将来时，因为是对未来的推测。文中并没有线索说明货主们有强烈的敌对情绪，C项言过其实了。

第3题:本题考查了段落细节的理解。需要考生具有推理能力和引申能力。A项正好与原文意思相反。从第三段第二句中，我们得知铁路公司合并后，铁路公司向货主们收取的费用是以前的20％至30％，所以，应该是“Shipperswillbechargedmorewithoutarivalrailroad.”。B项缺乏依据，所以也是不对的。C项是正确的，因为文章里说到：货主们若认为铁路公司收费不合理，可以向联邦政府的机构申请降低收费。但是，因为申诉的过程耗时费钱，所以极少人提出申诉。由此，我们可以推断出受到剥削的货主们不大可能提出申诉。D项说的是政府能保证铁路行业内的公平竞争。这种说法缺乏依据。事实上，由于货主们申诉的困难大，更多时候政府部门不会管。

第4题:该题考查的是考生对于具体词义的掌握及推测能力。“arbiter”的意思是“仲裁者”。考生可以通过上下文猜测到这个含义。这个词出现在第四段的最后一句，其实它要表述的内容已在前一句体现了：“It'satheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.”。由此，我们可以猜测出“arbiter”指的是“thosewhoareinthepositionofdeterminingsomething”，就可得出答案B。考生应知道，语言交流中，重复是一种常用的修辞手段，以强调某个信息或观点。文章中也常会利用重复手法。所以，考生猜测词义时不应只限于一个句子，而应从上下文寻找线索。D项虽有“determine”一词，但是意思不对。文中说的意思是，因为铁路对不同的顾客收取的费用不同，这种不公平使铁路公司无形中决定了托运商的命运（一些托运商的花费就会比其他托运商的高出很多，从而影响了他们的效益），所以铁路公司就好比是商场中的裁判，能决定谁赢谁输。D项的含义不准确。

第5题:该题为细节推断题，问的是铁路花费的上涨主要是用于什么事项。根据题干定位线索在最后一段，“Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother…”，也就是说铁路还在不断借钱去收购合并，从这里得出答案为A，A是原文的转述，而B项，文中提到铁路公司还没有足够的钱去增加投资，以满足快速发展的交通的需要，但并不是引起成本提高的主要原因，文章的重点也不是交通的问题。C、D项在全文中均未有明显提及，是错误选项。

4.单选题

ApartfromtheMoonandoccasionalcometsandasteroids,Venusisoftenournearestneighbor.ItsorbitbringsitclosertoEarththananyotherplanet—only26millionmilesawayatcertaintimes.Despitethatproximity,foralongtimeitwasgenerallytermed“theplanetofmystery.”ThisisbecausetheatmosphereofVenusissodenseandsocloud-ladedthatitssurfaceispermanentlyhiddenfromsight.

ThefirstattempttolearnmoreaboutVenuswastoanalyzeitsupperatmosphereusingspectroscopicmethods.Insizeandmass,VenusisalmosttheequalofEarth,anditsgravitationalfieldisonlyslightlyweakerthanours,sothatlogicallyitmightbeexpectedtohavethesamekindofatmosphere—butthisisemphaticallynotso.Scientistsfoundthatthemainconstituentofitsatmosphereiscarbondioxide.Sincethisisaheavygasthatwouldbeexpectedtosink,itwasreasonabletoassumethatcarbondioxidemadeupmostoftheatmospheredowntogroundlevel.Carbondioxideactsinthemannerofagreenhouse,trappingtheSun’sheat,soitfollowedthatVenuswaslikelytobeaverytorridsortofworld.

Yetopinionsdiffered.Accordingtoonetheory,thecloudscontainedagreatdealofwater.Itwasevenclaimedthatthesurfacemightbelargelyoceancovered,inwhichcase:theatmospherecarbondioxidewouldhavefouledthewaterandproducedseasofsodawater.AnotherintriguingtheorymadeVenusverysimilartotheEarthofover200millionyearsago.Therewouldbemarshes,luxuriantvegetationofthefernandhorsetailvariety,andprimitivelife-formssuchasgiantdragonflies.Ifso,thenVenusmightpresumablyevolvethesamewayEarthhasdone.

In1962theAmericanprobeMariner2bypassedVenusatlessthan22,000milesandgaveusourfirstreliableinformation.Thesurfaceprovedtobeveryhotindeed;wenowknowthatthemaximumtemperatureisalmost500°C.Theatmospherereallyisalmostpurecarbondioxide,andthoseshiningcloudsarerichinsulfuricacid.Allideasofapleasant,oceanicVenushadtobeabandoned.In1975Venera9,aRussianautomaticlander,visitedVenusandsentbackpicturesdirectlyfromthesurface.Thescene—arocky,scorchedlandscape—couldhardlybemorehostile.Subsequentprobeshaveconfirmedthisimpression.

WhyisVenussounlikeEarth?TheanswercanonlylieinitslesserdistancefromtheSun.ItseemsthatintheearlydaysofthesolarsystemtheSunwaslessluminousthanitisnow,inwhichcaseVenusandEarthmayhavestartedtoevolvealongthesamelines,butwhentheSunbecamemorepowerfulthewholesituationchanged.Earth,at93millionmiles,wasjustoutofharm’sway,butVenus,at67million,wasnot.Thewaterinoceansvaporized,thecarbonatesweredrivenoutoftherocks,andinarelativelyshorttimeorthecosmicscale,Venuswastransformedfromapotentiallylife-bearingworldintotheinfernooftoday.

25.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto______.

26.Thestatement“Insize...so”(boldinParagraph2)functionsprimarilyto______.

27.Theprimarypurposeofthethirdparagraphisto______.

28.Inorderforthehypothesisin“Therewould...dragonflies”(boldinParagraph3)tobecorrect,whichstatementcouldNOTbetrueofconditionsonVenus?

29.Thestatementin“In1962…information”(boldinParagraph4)suggeststhatthe______.

30.Thetoneofthestatementin“Theanswer...Sun”(boldinParagraph5)isbestdescribedas______.

问题1选项

A.criticizethelackofresearchonatopicofmystery

B.speculateaboutlifeonanotherworld

C.lamentthefailureofacompellingtheory

D.illustratetheprinciplesofplanetaryresearch

问题2选项

A.discussaplausiblesupposition

B.mockashockingclaim

C.improveanacceptedopinion

D.summarizeaparticularexperiment

问题3选项

A.provideevidenceinsupportofacontroversialtheory

B.challengetwopopularmisconceptionsaboutVenus

C.suggestthatVenushasbeenromanticizedthroughouthistory

D.presenttwodistincttheoriesaboutVenus

问题4选项

A.Theenvironmentisgenerallywarmandhumid.

B.Theatmosphereispurecarbondioxide.

C.Thereisenoughlightforphotosynthesistooccur.

D.Creaturesareabletoflywithease.

问题5选项

A.qualityofthedatasurprisedthescientists

B.evidencecollectedearlierwasrelativelyuntrustworthy

C.recordshadbeenlostforalongtimebeforescientistsrediscoveredthem

D.probeallowedscientiststoformulateacompletelynewtheory

问题6选项

A.regretful

B.skeptical

C.decisive

D.amused

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:B

第6题:C

【解析】25.【选项释义】

25.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto______.25.这篇文章的主要目的是______。

A.criticizethelackofresearchonatopicofmysteryA.批评缺乏对神秘主题的研究

B.speculateaboutlifeonanotherworldB.推测另一个世界的生命

C.lamentthefailureofacompellingtheoryC.哀叹一个令人信服的理论的失败

D.illustratetheprinciplesofplanetaryresearchD.说明行星研究的原则

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】通读全文可知，文章主要是对金星神秘之谜的探讨，前三段分别对各方理论说法进行了客观分析，最后两段作者用科学事实和实验结论证实了自己的观点，同时也批评了各方不合理的理由和不合逻辑的论证方法，A选项表述符合文章主旨。因此，该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项只是部分提及，属于以偏概全；

C选项中的lament在文中并没有体现，与原文不符，属于曲解原文；

D选项没有提到，属于无中生有。

26.【选项释义】

26.Thestatement“Insize...so”(boldinParagraph2)functionsprimarilyto______.26.第2段中加粗的陈述“Insize…so”的作用主要是______。

A.discussaplausiblesuppositionA.讨论一个貌似合理的假设

B.mockashockingclaimB.嘲笑令人震惊的声明

C.improveanacceptedopinionC.改善一个已被接受的意见

D.summarizeaparticularexperimentD.总结一个特定的实验

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】定位到第二段加粗的那句话，在第二句“金星的大小和质量几乎与地球相当，它的重力场只比地球微弱一点，因此从逻辑上讲，金星可能具有与地球相同的大气层，但事实显然不是这样的”，这里将金星和地球进行类比并做出了一些推断，但是从后面的but可知，这个类比结果作者并不支持，所以这句加粗的陈述是为了讨论一个看起来合理的假设，A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项中的mock并不恰当，属于曲解原文；

C、D选项没有体现，属于无中生有。

27.【选项释义】

27.Theprimarypurposeofthethirdparagraphisto______.27.第三段的主要目的是为了______。

A.provideevidenceinsupportofacontroversialtheoryA.为一个有争议的理论提供证据支持

B.challengetwopopularmisconceptionsaboutVenusB.挑战两个流行的关于金星的误解

C.suggestthatVenushasbeenromanticizedthroughouthistoryC.暗示金星在历史上一直被浪漫化

D.presenttwodistincttheoriesaboutVenusD.提出关于金星的两种截然不同的理论

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】定位至文章第三段，该段以Yetopinionsdiffered（然而，意见不同）开头，提出了另外两个不同的理论。根据最后一句“如果是这样的话，那么金星可能会像地球一样进化”，可以推测，第三段描述的两个理论仅仅是猜测而已，并不正确，B项的意思与之相符。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项中的“证据支持”并没有体现，属于无中生有；

C选项与该段无关，属于张冠李戴；

D选项表述不够准确，属于曲解原文。

28.【选项释义】

28.Inorderforthehypothesisin“Therewould...dragonflies”(boldinParagraph3)tobecorrect,whichstatementcouldNOTbetrueofconditionsonVenus?28.为了使第三段加粗的“Therewould...dragonflies”的假设是正确的，下列哪一种说法对于金星的条件是不正确的？

A.Theenvironmentisgenerallywarmandhumid.A.这里的环境通常温暖而潮湿。

B.Theatmosphereispurecarbondioxide.B.大气是纯二氧化碳。

C.Thereisenoughlightforphotosynthesistooccur.C.有足够的光来进行光合作用。

D.Creaturesareabletoflywithease.D.生物能够轻松地飞翔。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先定位第三段倒数第二句加粗部分“那里将会有沼泽，蕨类植物和马尾草种类的茂盛植被，以及原始的生命形式，如巨大的蜻蜓”，这里假设金星存在生命，结合选项可知，如果假设成立，B项是错误的，所以该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均支持该假设。

29.【选项释义】

29.Thestatementin“In1962…information”(boldinParagraph4)suggeststhatthe______.29.第四段加粗的“In1962…information”陈述表明______。

A.qualityofthedatasurprisedthescientistsA.数据的质量让科学家们感到惊讶

B.evidencecollectedearlierwasrelativelyuntrustworthyB.早期收集的证据相对不可信

C.recordshadbeenlostforalongtimebeforescientistsrediscoveredthemC.在科学家重新发现它们之前，记录已经丢失了很长一段时间

D.probeallowedscientiststoformulateacompletelynewtheoryD.探测器使科学家形成了一种全新的理论

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先定位第四段第一句加粗部分“1962年，美国探测器‘水手2号’在不到22000英里的地方绕过金星，给了我们第一个可靠的信息（firstreliableinformation）”，从first可以表明之前提到的理论证据都是不可信的，所以B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、C选项都没有提到，属于无中生有；

D选项在文中只提到reliableinformation（可靠的信息），并不等于completelynewtheory（全新的理论），该项属于曲解原文。

30.【选项释义】

30.Thetoneofthestatementin“Theanswer...Sun”(boldinParagraph5)isbestdescribedas______.30.第五段加粗的“Theanswer...Sun”陈述的语调可以被描述为______。

A.regretfulA.遗憾的，惋惜的

B.skepticalB.怀疑的

C.decisiveC.决定性的，坚定的

D.amusedD.觉得好笑的

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先定位第五段第二句加粗部分“答案只能（only）在于它离太阳的距离更小”，这里是用设问的方式回答了金星神秘之谜，由only可知，作者对答案很确定，所以该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不符合原文，属于曲解原文。

5.单选题

Paperclips,drawingpinsandsafety-pinswere（）alloverthefloor.

问题1选项

A.sprayed

B.separated

C.dispersed

D.scattered

【答案】D

【解析】spray喷雾,喷射；separate分离,隔开；disperse分散,多指把一群人或物等彻底驱散；scatter指人或物向四处散开,或把物随意撒开。句意：回形针、图钉和安全别针散落在地板上。所以选项D正确。

6.单选题

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoatanevenearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolutiontheshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavocon（扰乱）European’sprivatelives.

Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmerican-stylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today’stech-savvy（精通技术的）workershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModernEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage—twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegativedarkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautifulandstrong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn’tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn’tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult.”Onlyanidealwomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufrnann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming,”thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon’tlastlongiftheystartatall.EppendorfablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe’dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdidgiveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.”

1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause（

）.

2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare

（

）.

4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

问题1选项

A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

问题2选项

A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.

B.ItisgettingclosertoAmericanstylecapitalism.

C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.

D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.

问题3选项

A.warmandlightheated

B.oneithersideofmarriage

C.negativeandgloomy

D.healthyandwealthy

问题4选项

A.somemodernwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedom

B.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEurope

C.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonely

D.mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable

问题5选项

A.Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners.

B.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.

C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.

D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe"irresistiblemomentumofindividualism"overthelastcentury.（一位法国社会学家认为，从家庭生活到独处生活方式的转变，是上个世纪“不可抗拒的个人主义势头”的一部分）可知A选项“他们受到强烈的个人主义的驱使”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmerican-stylecapitalism.（在欧洲从社会民主向更尖锐、更个人主义的美国式资本主义转变的过程中，当代的独居者逐渐成熟）可知B选项“欧洲社会越来越接近美国式的资本主义”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoiceTheywereyoung,beautifulandstrong!（最新一批单身人士是三四十岁的高收入者，他们越来越认为独居是一种生活方式的选择……他们年轻，漂亮，强壮！）可知D选项“健康和富有”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中I'vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.（我总是做我想做的事：过一种自主的生活）可知A选项“一些现代女性更喜欢个人自由的生活”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了越来越多的欧洲人选择在年轻时保持单身；第二段讲述了欧洲经济的发展促进了独立趋势，使人们具有独立生活的能力；第三段讲述了越来越多的高收入者选择独居生活；第四段举例人们选择单身的原因与个人事业发展有关。本文一直都是围绕单身这个主题来展开阐述，已经成为一种趋势，因此C选项“研究年轻人独居的趋势”符合题意。

7.单选题

Iquizmyselfonceinawhile:HowmanyofficialSouthAfricanlanguagescanIname?Thereareeleven-Afrikaans,English,Ndebele,Pedi,Sotho,Swazi,Tsonga,Tswana,Venda,Xhosa,andZulu—butIusuallyget（1）aroundsixorseven.IoftenwonderhowtheSouthAfricangovernmentcan（2）themall.Itturnsoutthattheyreallycan’t.

Manylanguagesareregulatedbysomekindofauthority,suchasSpain’sRealAcademiaEspanola(agovernmentbody)orFrance’sAcademieFrancaise(moreofanoutsideadvisor).SouthAfrica’selevenlanguagesareallregulatedbythechronicallyunderfundedPanSouthAfricanLanguageBoard,agovernmentaldepartment.Englishisinnodanger,ofcourse.Afrikaansismostlyregulatedbyaseparatebody.Asaresult,PanSALBconcernsitselfmostly（3）thenineofficialBantulanguages,aswellasKhoi,SanandSouthAfricanSignLanguage.

IwrotelastweekthatliteratureinsouthernAfricanlanguagesis（4）beforeeverhavingachancetobe（5）.Yes,therearesocialandhistoricalreasonswhyliteraturedevelopmenthasbeen（6）.Butsomeblamerests（7）PanSALB,thesoleinstitutiondedicatedtotheselanguages.Itisrepeatedlyaccusedofcorruptionandmismanagement.Duringarecentinquiry,itwasuncooperative.Theparliament’sculturecommitteehasvotedtoreducefundingforPanSALBuntilit“gotitshousein（8）”,afterwonderingaloudinAprilhowitsbudgetof56mrand($6.9m)producedsolittle.ThandileSunduza,thechairwomanofthecommittee,thinksitbesttoeliminatePanSALBaltogether,sayinginMay“Thereisnothingthathasbeendone-noprogram,nothing,anymoney.Thereisnothing.”

Tobesure,mismanagementis（9）inSouthAfrica’sgovernment.EvenifPanSALBwereabletoproducetextbooksin,say,Pedi,recenteventssuggestthattheywouldnever（10）ittoPedi-speakingstudentsinLimpopoprovince.Butforinfantliteratures,PanSALB’sincompetencecouldbefatal.PanSALBistheonlymajorfundingandsuppor