考研考博-英语-大连民族大学考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连民族大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Hisremarkswereso______thatwecouldnotdecidewhichofthepossiblemeaningswascorrect.

问题1选项

A.facetious

B.ambiguous

C.cogent

D.impalpable

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.facetious乱引人发笑的B.ambiguous模棱两可的，含混不清的

C.cogent有说服力的D.impalpable触摸不到的，感觉不着的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据后半句句意“我们无法断定那一种可能的意思是正确的”可知，Hisremarkswereso______表示“他的话含糊其辞”符合前后句意。因此，该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】他的话含糊其辞，我们无法断定那一种可能的意思是正确的。

2.单选题

Anewdegreeofintellectualpowerseemscheapatanyprice.Theuseoftheworldisthatmanmaylearnitslaws.Andthehumanracehaswiselysignifiedtheirsenseofthis,bycallingwealth,means-'Man'beingtheend.Languageisalwayswise.

ThereforeIpraiseNewEnglandbecauseitistheplaceintheworldwhereisthefreestexpenditureforeducation.Wehavealreadytaken,attheplantingoftheColonies,theinitialstep,whichforitsimportancemighthavebeenresistedasthemostradicalofrevolutions,thusdecidingatthestartthedestinyofthiscountry-this,namely,thatthepoorman,whomthelawdoesnotallowtotakeanearofcornwhenstarving,norapairofshoesforhisfreezingfeet,isallowedtoputhishandintothepocketoftherich,andsay,"Youshalleducateme,notasyouwill,butasIwill:notaloneintheelements,but,byfurtherprovision,inthelanguages,insciences,intheusefulandinelegantarts.ThechildshallbetakenupbytheState,andtaught,atthepubliccost,therudimentsofknowledge,and,atlast,theripestresultsofartandscience".

Humanlyspeaking,theschool,thecollege,society,makethedifferencebetweenmen.AllthefairytalesofAladdinortheinvisibleGygesorthetalismanthatopenskings'palacesortheenchantedhallsundergroundorinthesea,areanyfictionstoindicatetheonemiracleofintellectualenlargement.Whenamanstupidbecomesamaninspired,whenoneandthesamemanpassesoutofthetorpidintotheperceivingstate,leavesthedinoftrifles,thestuporofthesenses,toenterintothequasi-omniscienceofhighthought—upanddown,around,alllimitsdisappear.Nohorizonshutsdown.Heseesthingsintheircauses,allfactsintheirconnection.

Oneoftheproblemsofhistoryisthebeginningofcivilization.Theanimalsthataccompanyandservemanmakenoprogressasraces.Thosecalleddomesticarecapableoflearningofmanafewtricksofutilityoramusement,buttheycannotcommunicatetheskilltotheirrace.Eachindividualmustbetaughtanew.Thetraineddogcannottrainanotherdog.AndManhimselfinmanyfacesretainsalmosttheunteachablenessofthebeast.Forathousandyearstheislandsandforestsofagreatpartoftheworldhavebeenledwithsavageswhomadenostepsofadvanceinartorskillbeyondthenecessityofbeingfedandwarmed.Certainnationswithabetterbrainandusuallyinmoretemperateclimateshavemadesuchprogressastocomparewiththeseasthesecomparewiththebearandthewolf.

Victoryoverthingsistheofficeofman.Ofcourse,untilitisaccomplished,itisthewarandinsultofthingsoverhim.Hiscontinualtendency,hisgreatdanger,istooverlookthefactthattheworldisonlyhisteacher,andthenatureofsunandmoon,plantandanimalonlymeansofarousinghisinterioractivity.Enamoredoftheirbeauty,comfortedbytheirconvenience,heseeksthemasends,andfastlosessightofthefactthattheyhaveworsethannovalues,thattheybecomenoxious,whenhebecomestheirslave.

Thisapparatusofwantsandfaculties,thiscravingbody,whoseorgansaskalltheelementsandallthefunctionsofNaturefortheirsatisfaction,educatethewondrouscreaturewhichtheysatisfywithlight,withheat,withwater,withwood,withbread,withwool.Thenecessitiesimposedbyhismostirritableandall-relatedtexturehavetaughtManhunting,pasturage,agriculture,commerce,weaving,joining,masonry,geometry,astronomy.Hereisaworldpiercedandbeltedwithnaturallaws,andfencedandplantedwithcivilpartitionsandproperties,whichallputnewrestraintsontheyounginhabitant.Hetoomustcomeintothismagiccircleofrelations,andknowhealthandsickness,thefearofinjury,thedesireofexternalgood,thecharmofriches,thecharmofpower.Thehouseholdisaschoolofpower.There,withinthedoor,learnthetragicomedyofhumanlife.Hereisthesincerething,thewondrouscompositionforwhichdayandnightgoround.Inthatroutinearethesacredrelations,thepassionsthatbindandsever.Hereispovertyandallthewisdomitshatednecessitiescanteach,herelabordrudges,hereaffectionsglow,herethesecretsofcharacteraretold,theguardsofman,theguardsofwoman,thecompensationswhich,likeangelsofjustice,payeverydebt:theopiumofcustom,whereofalldrinkandmanygomad.HereisEconomy,andGlee,andHospitality,andCeremony,andFrankness,andCalamity,andDeath,andHope.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Whatdoestheword“torpid”meaninparagraph3?

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

4.Whatdoesthesentence“Victoryoverthingsistheofficeofman”mean?

5.Fromthepassage,wecanassumethattheauthorbelievesthat.

问题1选项

A.Thepowerofhumancivilization.

B.Therelationshipbetweenmanandnature.

C.Manlearningthelawsofsociety.

D.Theeducationempowermentofman.

问题2选项

A.Slow.

B.Stagnant.

C.Confused.

D.Excitable.

问题3选项

A.Arangeofexperiencescanbefoundinone'sownhome.

B.Notalllifelessonsrequireateacherorclassroom.

C.Necessityisthemotherofinvention.

D.Humanendeavorissubjecttothelawsofnature.

问题4选项

A.Manisdrivenbyambitionanddesire.

B.Manbelieveshimselfsuperiortothenaturalworld.

C.Itisthedutyofmantoworktotheend.

D.Victorycanbeprecarious.

问题5选项

A.mandoeshisbesttomeethisneeds

B.thefutureofcivilizationrestsonman'slearningaboutnaturallaws

C.manhasgreatpotentialwithinhim

D.manisresponsibleforhisowndestruction

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，第一段提出“Theuseoftheworldisthatmanmaylearnitslaws”，在接下来的段落提到了人与教育之间的关系，在最后两段作者主要强调人类的教育赋权，即本文的主题，所以选项D正确。

第2题:2.词义判断题。根据原文“passesoutofthetorpidintotheperceivingstate”从“torpid”的状态进入到感知的状态，再根据下文“leavesthedinoftrifles,thestuporofthesenses,toenterintothequasi-omniscienceofhighthought...”留下琐事的喧嚣，麻木的感官，进入到类似全知的高度思维状态······由此可推测，“torpid”的状态和琐事喧嚣，麻木的感官是相对应的，所以“torpid”意为迟钝的，不活泼的，选项B与之意思相近。

第3题:3.推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Thisapparatusofwantsandfaculties…withbread,withwool.”可知，并不是所有的人生课程都需要老师或教室，大自然同样也能教育人类。所以选项B符合原文。

第4题:4.推理判断题。根据下文“Hiscontinualtendency,hisgreatdanger,istooverlookthefactthattheworldisonlyhisteacher,andthenatureofsunandmoon,plantandanimalonlymeansofarousinghisinterioractivity.”他（人类）持续的倾向以及巨大的危险，是忽视了这样一个事实：世界只是他的老师，太阳和月亮，植物和动物的本质只是激发人类内心活动的手段。由此可推断，人类喜欢战胜一切是由于野心和欲望的驱使。

第5题:5.推理判断题。根据最后一段第三四句“Hereisaworldpiercedandbelted...thecharmofriches,thecharmofpower.”这是一个被自然法则束缚的世界，安置着民用隔墙和财产并用围栏围着，所有这些都对年轻的居民施加了新的限制。他也必须进入这个神奇的关系圈，了解健康和疾病，对伤害的恐惧，对外在美好的渴望，以及财富和权力的魅力。也就是说，人们应该要学习自然法则，因为文明的未来取决于人类对自然规律的了解。选项B符合原文。

3.单选题

Manypoliticiansandthegreen-energylobbyistsclaimweshould（）aheadgreenenergybecauseitwillcreatenewemployment.

问题1选项

A.boom

B.forge

C.expatriate

D.pitch

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项boom“使兴旺；发隆隆声；急速发展；用低沉的声音讲话；鸣叫”；B选项forge“锻造，铸造；缔造，艰苦做成；伪造；稳步前进，匀速移动”；C选项expatriate“移居国外，定居国外；流放，放逐”；D选项pitch“投掷；投（球）；触地；击高球；重跌；颠簸；使倾斜；确定标准”。句意：许多政客和绿色能源游说者声称我们应该大力发展绿色能源，因为它将创造新的就业机会。本句表示“兴旺绿色能源可以创造新的就业机会”，因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Asachild,timeusedtomoveasslowlyaslightningbugsdriftinthesummereveningskies,butasanadult,timeis_____.

问题1选项

A.transmitting

B.peripatetic

C.nomadic

D.ephemeral

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项“传送；输送”，B项“巡回工作的；流动的”，C项“游牧的”，D项“短暂的”。根据题干中的but，可知前后为对比，结合句意：小时候，时间总是像夏天傍晚天空中的闪电虫一样缓慢移动，但成年后，时间是。因此选D项。

5.单选题

Sheputablanketoverthebabyforfearthathe（

）.

问题1选项

A.caughtcold

B.shouldcatchcold

C.maycatchcold

D.wouldcatchcold

【答案】B

【解析】句意:她在婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。forfearthat表示“以防万一”,引导从句用虚拟语气:情态动词should+动词原形(should可省略),故选B。

6.单选题

CampaigningontheIndianfrontierisanexperiencebyitself.Neitherthelandscapenorthepeoplefindtheircounterpartsinanyotherportionoftheglobe.Valleywallsrisesteeplyfiveorsixthousandfeetoneveryside.Thecolumnscrawlthroughamazeofgiantcorridorsdownwhichfiercesnow-fedtorrentsfoamunderskiesofbrass.Amidthesescenesofsavagebrilliancytheredwellsaracewhosequalitiesseemtoharmonizewiththeirenvironment.Exceptatharvesttime，whenself-preservationrequiresatemporarytruce,thePathantribesarealwaysengagedinprivateorpublicwar.Everymanisawarrior,apoliticianandatheologian.Everylargehouseisarealfeudalfortressmade,itistrue,onlyofsunbakedclay，butwithbattlements,turrets,loopholes，drawbridges,etc.Everyvillagehasitsdefence.Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan，itsfeud.Thenumeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettlewithoneanother.Nothingiseverforgotten,andveryfewdebtsareleftunpaid.Forthepurposesofsociallife,inadditiontotheconventionaboutharvest-time,amostelaboratecodeofhonourhasbeenestablishedandisonthewholefaithfullyobserved.Amanwhoknewitandobserveditfaultlesslymightpassunarmedfromoneendofthefrontiertoanother.Theslightesttechnicalslipwould,however，befatal.ThelifeofthePathanisthusfullofinterest;andhisvalleys,nourishedalikebyendlesssunshineandabundantwater,arefertileenoughtoyieldwithlittlelabourthemodestmaterialrequirementsofasparsepopulation.

Intothishappyworldthenineteenthcenturybroughttwonewfacts:therifleandtheBritishGovernment.Thefirstwasanenormousluxuryandblessing;thesecond,anunmitigatednuisance.TheconvenienceoftheriflewasnowheremoreappreciatedthanintheIndianhighlands.Aweaponwhichwouldkillwithaccuracyatfifteenhundredyardsopenedawholenewvistaofdelightstoeveryfamilyorclanwhichcouldacquireit.Onecouldactuallyremaininone’sownhouseandfireatone’sneighbournearlyamileaway.Onecouldlieinwaitonsomehighcrag，andathithertounheardofrangeshitahorsemanfarbelow.Evenvillagescouldfireateachotherwithoutthetroubleofgoingfarfromhome.Fabulouspriceswerethereforeofferedforthesegloriousproductsofscience.RiflethievesscouredallIndiatoreinforcetheeffortsofthehonestsmuggler.Asteadyflowofthecovetedweaponsspreaditsgenialinfluencethroughoutthefrontier,andtherespectwhichthePathantribesmenentertainedforChristiancivilizationwasvastlyenhanced.

TheactionoftheBritishGovernmentontheotherhandwasentirelyunsatisfactory.Thegreatorganizing，advancing,absorbingpowertothesouthwardseemedtobelittlebetterthanamonstrousspoil-sport.IfthePathanmadeforaysintotheplains,notonlyweretheydrivenback(whichafterallwasnomorethanfair)，butawholeseriesofsubsequentinterferencestookplace,followedatintervalsbyexpeditionswhichtoiledlaboriouslythroughthevalleys,scoldingthetribesmenandexactingfinesforanydamagewhichtheyhaddone.Noonewouldhavemindedtheseexpeditionsiftheyhadsimplycome,hadafightandthengoneawayagain.Inmanycasesthiswastheirpracticeunderwhatwascalledthe“butcherandboltpolicy”towhichtheGovernmentofIndialongadhered.Buttowardstheendofthenineteenthcenturytheseintrudersbegantomakeroadsthroughmanyofthevalleys,andinparticularthegreatroadtoChitral.Theysoughttoensurethesafetyoftheseroadsbythreats,byfortsandbysubsidies.Therewasnoobjectiontothelastmethodsofarasitwent.Butthewholeofthistendencytoroad-makingwasregardedbythePathanswithprofounddistaste.Allalongtheroadpeoplewereexpectedtokeepquiet,nottoshootoneanother,andaboveallnottoshootattravellersalongtheroad.Itwastoomuchtoask,andawholeseriesofquarrelstooktheiroriginfromthissource.

1.Theworddebtsin“veryfewdebtsareleftunpaid”inthefirstparagraphmeans_______.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthegeographicalfactsabouttheIndianfrontier?

3.Accordingtothepassage,thePathanswelcomed_________.

4.BuildingroadsbytheBritish__________.

5.Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe________.

问题1选项

A.loans

B.accounts

C.killings

D.bargains

问题2选项

A.Meltingsnows.

B.Largepopulation.

C.Steephillsides.

D.Fertilevalleys.

问题3选项

A.theintroductionoftherifle

B.thespreadofBritishrule

C.theextensionofluxuries

D.thespreadoftrade

问题4选项

A.putanendtoawholeseriesofquarrels

B.preventedthePathansfromcarryingonfeuds

C.lessenedthesubsidiespaidtothePathans

D.gavethePathansamuchquieterlife

问题5选项

A.CampaigningontheIndianFrontier

B.WhythePathansResentedtheBritishRule

C.ThePopularityofRiflesamongthePathans

D.ThePathansatWar

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.词义题。根据文章第一段，“Everyvillagehasitsdefence.Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan，itsfeud.Thenumeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettlewithoneanother.Nothingiseverforgotten,andveryfewdebtsareleftunpaid.”，可知每座村庄都设有自己的防卫。每个家族都有自己的仇恨，每个部落都有宿仇。无数部落和部落联合体都有自己的理由与其他部落清算。人们不会忘记任何事情，并且有仇必报。所以这里的债务是指宿仇和仇杀。选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句，“…arefertileenoughtoyieldwithlittlelabourthemodestmaterialrequirementsofasparsepopulation…”，可知土地丰饶，只要些许劳作就足以供养稀少人口的物质需求。所以人口并不多。选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“…convenienceoftheriflewasnowheremoreappreciatedthanintheIndianhighlands.Aweaponwhichwouldkillwithaccuracyatfifteenhundredyardsopenedawholenewvistaofdelightstoeveryfamilyorclanwhichcouldacquireit.”，可知步枪的便捷受到了前所未有的欢迎。这个在1500码远的地方可精确杀死对手的武器给每一个能拥有它的家庭或家族带来了新的希望。所以帕坦人是欢迎步枪这种武器的引入的。选项A符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第三段，“Theysoughttoensurethesafetyoftheseroadsbythreats,byfortsandbysubsidies.”，他们通过威胁恐吓、堡垒、补助等方式来确保这些道路的安全。所以没有减少补贴，可排除选项C。根据文章第三段，“Allalongtheroadpeoplewereexpectedtokeepquiet,nottoshootoneanother,”可知英国政府要求沿路周围的人们保持安静，不许相互射杀，所以帕坦部落并没有过着安静的生活，可排除选项D。根据文章第三段最后一句，“Itwastoomuchtoask,andawholeseriesofquarrelstooktheiroriginfromthissource.”，可知一切斗争都源于这些道路的修建，一系列的争吵并没有结束，排除选项A。选项B符合题意。

5.主旨题。纵观全文，第一段主要介绍了印度边境的环境和活动，第二段提到了步枪引入到帕坦部落，并且受到了欢迎，第三段提到了帕坦部落人对英国政府的不满，并且讲到了帕坦部落对英国政府的修路意图尤其憎恨，这也是一切斗争的根源。由此可见，本文主要介绍了帕坦部落的生活环境，对步枪的喜爱以及对英国政府的憎恶等各方面的内容。选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Manysocietiestodayinterpretthenaturalworldandformbeliefsbasedonscienceandlogic.Societieswhichmanypeopledonotpracticeanyreligion,suchastheUnitedStates,maybeknownas()societies.

问题1选项

A.vulgar

B.secular

C.particular

D.unique

【答案】B

【解析】句意：当今许多社会都在诠释自然世界，并在科学和逻辑的基础上形成信仰。许多人不信仰任何宗教的社会，比如美国，可称为世俗社会。vulgar粗俗的，通俗的；secular世俗的。选项B符合句意。

8.单选题

TherearemanygoodbakeriesinMilltown;infact,thebakingindustryis（）.

问题1选项

A.adhesive

B.flourishing

C.incidental

D.accommodating

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。通过TherearemanygoodbakeriesinMilltown可知Milltown有很多好的面包房，所以这里的烘焙产业发展不错。A选项为“可黏的”；B选项为“繁荣的；盛行的”；C选项为“附属的；偶然的；伴随发生的”；D选项为“乐于助人的；可通融的；随和的”。因此，B选项更符合题意。

9.翻译题

Beingunhappyislikeaninfectiousdisease.Itcausespeopletoshrinkawayfromthesufferer.Hesoonfindshimselfalonemiserable.Thereis,however,acuresosimpleastoseem,atfirstglance,ridiculous:ifyoudon’tfeelhappy,pretendtobe!

Itworks.Beforelongyouwillfindthatinsteadofpushingpeopleaway,youattractthem.Youdiscoverhowdeeplyrewardingitistobethecenterofwiderandwidercirclesofgoodwill.

Thenthemake-believebecomesareality.Beinghappy,onceitisrealizedasadutyestablishedasahabit,opensdoorsintounimaginablegardensfilledwithgratefulfriends.

【答案】不开心就像一种传染病。它使人们对不快乐的人敬而远之。不快乐的人很快就会发觉自己既孤独又悲惨，充满怨恨。但是，有一种乍一看似乎荒谬可笑，实际却非常简单的治愈方法，那就是：如果你不快乐，那就假装快乐吧!

这个办法的确行之有效。不久你就会发现，你不再排斥别人，而是开始吸引他们。你会发现被越来越多善意的人们包围的感觉是多么的值得！

于是，假装的变成了真实的。一旦快乐被认为是一种责任并成为一种习惯，它就会向我们敞开一扇好友云集的通向奇妙花园的大门。

10.填空题

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordetectaword.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordontheanswerSheet.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(∧)inthecorrectplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandbesuretoputaslash(/)ontheAnswerSheet.

【答案】1.【试题答案】more改成most

2.【试题答案】employed改为converted

3.【试题答案】derivedfrom后面添加定冠词the

4.【试题答案】than改为that

5.【试题答案】shortage改为storage

6.【试题答案】constantly后面加being

7.【试题答案】把up去掉

8.【试题答案】issplit改成aresplit

9.【试题答案】把oxygen改为hydrogen

10.【试题答案】把an改成the

【解析】1.【试题解析】考查形容词最高级的用法。这里是一个最高级，the+形容词的最高级+of表“最……的”。

2.【试题解析】考查词义。employ是雇佣，与原文意思不搭，且上文有提到cropsandtrees,whicharethemostefficientconvertersofsunlightintoenergy，所以这里应该把employed改成converted,beconvertedinto表示“被转化成、转换成为”。

3.【试题解析】考查定冠词。sun-warmedsurfacewater这里是特指，要用定冠词the。

4.【试题解析】考查连词。than用于比较级，需要有比较的两个方面，显然原文没有比较的另一方，且than后面的句子willdriveelectricpowergenerators是做定语修饰heat，因此应该使用that引导定语从句。

5.【试题解析】考查词义。这一句的意思是“交通运输和太阳能储存仍然是一个严重的问题”，前面提到了transportation，既然要运输那肯定要储存，所以用storage。

6.【试题解析】考查时态。constantly表持续性的，时态用进行时，这里热量是被产生，要用被动语态的一般现在进行时，所以是isconstantlybeingproduced。

7.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。comeupto表示“达到（标准/水平）、等于、符合（预期）”，句意：有时热量以熔岩和间歇泉的形式出现在地表；所以应该去掉up。

8.【试题解析】考查单复数。atomsofuranium这里atom用的复数，所以be动词应该用are。

9.【试题解析】考查词义。只有氢能才能聚变成核能，所以这里应该改为hydrogen，句意为：另一种正在发展的能源是某些氢原子的核聚变。

10.【试题解析】考查定冠词。原文这句话的意思是：此外，电力可以通过改进电池来提供，其中一些将使电动汽车在2000年以前成为经济上的可能。这里不是使一辆电动汽车而是所有的，所以要用定冠词the。

11.单选题

Organicarchitecture—thatis,naturalarchitecture—maybevariedinconceptandform,butitisalwaysfaithfultonaturalprinciples.Organicarchitecturerejectsrulesimposedbyindividualpreferenceormereaestheticsinordertoremaintruetothenatureofthesite,thematerials,thepurposeofthestructure,andthepeoplewhowillultimatelyuseit.Ifthesenaturalprinciplesareupheld,thenabankcannotbebuilttolooklikeaGreektemple.Formdoesnotfollowfunction;formisinseparablefromfunction.Inotherwords,abuildingshouldbeinspiredbynature’sformsandconstructedwithmaterialsthatretainandrespectthenaturalcharacteristicsofthesettingtocreateharmonywithitsnaturalenvironment.Itshouldmaximizepeople’scontactwithandutilizationoftheoutdoors.

Naturalprinciplesthenareprinciplesofdesign,notstyle,expressedbyconstructionthatreflectsunity,balance,proportion,rhythm,andscale.Likeasculptor,theorganicarchitectviewsthesiteandmaterialsasaninnateformthatshapesanddevelopsorganicallyfromwithin.Truthinarchitectureresultsinanatural,spontaneousstructureintotalharmonywiththesetting.Forthemostpart,thesestructuresfindtheirgeometricthemesinthecontoursofthelandandtheircolorsinthesurroundingpaletteofnature.

Fromtheoutside,anorganicstructureissomuchapartofnaturethatitisoftenobscuredbyit.Inotherwords,itmaynotbepossiblefortheeyetoeasilyseparatetheman-madestructurefromthenaturalterrain.Fromtheinside,roomsopenintoeachother.Naturallight,air,andviewpermeatethewholestructure,providingasenseofcommunicationwiththeoutdoors.

26.Inorganicarchitecture,whichofthefollowingistrue?

27.Agoodexampleofnaturalprinciplesisa（）.

28.Whydoestheauthorcompareanorganicarchitecttoasculptor?

29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthearchitect’sviewofnature?

问题1选项

A.Formfollowsfunction.

B.Functionfollowsform.

C.Functionisnotimportanttoform.

D.Formandfunctionareone.

问题2选项

A.bankthatisbuilttolooklikeaGreektemple

B.bankbuiltsothatthelocationisunimportanttothestructure

C.bankthatisbuilttoconformtothenaturalsurroundings

D.bankthatisbuilttobebeautifulratherthanfunctional

问题3选项

A.Toemphasizeaesthetics.

B.Togiveanexampleofnaturalprinciples.

C.Tomakeapointaboutthedevelopmentofgeometry.

D.Todemonstratetheimportanceofstyle.

问题4选项

A.Natureshouldbeconquered.

B.Natureshouldnotbeconsidered.

C.Natureshouldberespected.

D.Natureshouldbeimproved.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】26.推理判断题。定位在第一段Formdoesnotfollowfunction;formisinseparablefromfunction.（形式并不遵循功能，形式不能从功能上分割出来。）由此可知，形式和功能是一体的。因此D选项“形式和功能是一体的”正确，符合题意。A选项“形式遵循功能”，B选项“功能遵循形式”，C选项“功能对形式并不重要”，均不符合题意，故选D。

27.推理判断题。根据原文Ifthesenaturalprinciplesareupheld,thenabankcannotbebuilttolooklikeaGreektemple（如果坚持这些自然原则，那么银行不能建造像一座希腊神庙）Inotherwords,abuildingshouldbeinspiredbynature’sformsandconstructedwithmaterialsthatretainandrespectthenaturalcharacteristicsofthesettingtocreateharmonywithitsnaturalenvironment.（换句话说，一座建筑应该受到自然形式的启发，用那些保持和尊重所在地点的自然特点的材料建造而成，从而达到与自然环境的和谐统一。）可以推论出，遵守自然原则的好例子是建造一所与其自然环境一致的银行。因此C选项“为适应自然环境而建的银行”正确，符合题意。A选项“建得像希腊神庙的银行”，B选项“银行的建造地点对结构不重要”，D选项“银行是为了美观而不是实用”均不符合题意，故选C。

28.推理判断题。定位到第二段的第一句Naturalprinciplesthenareprinciplesofdesign,notstyle,expressedbyconstructionthatreflectsunity,balance,proportion,rhythm,andscale.（自然原则是设计的原则，不是风格上的，通过反映统一、平衡、比例、节奏和比例的结构来体现。）紧接着就举例与有机建筑师和雕塑家进行比较，从而进一步说明自然原则。因此B选项“给自然原则所举的例子”正确，符合题意。A选项“来强调美学”；C选项“对几何学的发展提出一点看法”；D选项“阐述风格的重要性”均与题意不符。故选B。

29.推理判断题。根据文章的第一句Organicarchitecture—thatis,naturalarchitecture—maybevariedinconceptandform,butitisalwaysfaithfultonaturalprinciples.（有机建筑，也就是自然建筑，在概念和形式上可能是不同的，但它始终忠实于自然原则。）本文主要说明了有机建筑，其核心是自然原则。由此可知建筑师是忠实于自然的。因此C选项“自然应该得到尊重”正确，符合题意。A选项“应该征服自然”，B选项“不应该考虑自然”，D选项“应该要改善自然”均不符合题意。故选C。

12.单选题

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Shewasuninterestedinadvertising.

B.Shefoundheroutfitinappropriate.

C.Shewasunhappywithfashiontrends.

D.Sheoftencheckedherselfinamirror.

问题2选项

A.Tosavethetroubleofchoosingauniqueoutfiteveryday.

B.Tomeettheexpectationsoffashion-consciousclients.

C.Tokeepupwiththecurrenttrends.

D.Tosavetheexpensesonclothing.

问题3选项

A.Itenhancespeople’sabilitytoworkindependently.

B.Ithelpspeoplesucceedinwhatevertheyaredoing.

C.Itmattersalotinjobsinvolvinginteractionwithothers.

D.Itboostsone’sconfidencewhenlookingforemployment.

问题4选项

A.Designtheirownuniformtoappearunique.

B.Wearclassicpiecestoimpresstheirclients.

C.Fighttheever-changingtrendsinfashion.

D.Dowhateverispossibletolooksmart.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】PassageTwo

IworkinadvertisingandIliketokeepupwithcurrenttrends,mainlybecauseI’mawarethatweliveinanimage-obsessedworld.[12]However,whenIfirststartedmyjob,occasionallyI’dcatchaglimpseofmyselfintheliftsandfindmyselfthinkingthatIlookedatotalmess.WasIbeingheldbackbymychoiceofclothing?Theshortanswerisyes,especiallywhenclientsarequicktojudgeyouonyourstyleratherthanyourwork.[13]Butnoonecanbeuniquewiththeiroutfiteveryday.Imeanthat’swhyuniformswereinvented.Sohere’swhatIdid.Icreatedmyownuniform.Todothis,Ichoseanappropriateoutfit.ThenIboughtmultipleitemsofthesamestyleindifferentshades.NowIneverworryaboutwhatI’mwearinginthemorning,evenifIdogetabittiredofjustwearingthesameclassicpieces.Overall,whenitcomestowork,youhavetoaskyourself:willlookingsmarterenhancemyabilitytodomyjob?Forsome,thisquestionmaynotbeanissueatall,especiallyifyouworkremotelyandrarelyseeyourcolleaguesorclientsfacetoface.[14]Butifyourjobinvolvesinteractingwithotherpeople,theanswertothisisoftenyes.Soratherthanfightingthesystem,[15]Ithinkweshouldjustdowhateverhelpsustoachieveourgoalsatwork.Ifthatmeansplayingitsafewithyourimage,thenlet’sfaceit.It’sprobablyworthit.

12.Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakerwhenshefirststartedherjob?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问说话者刚开始工作的时候，我们可以了解到什么？录音开头提到，当说话者刚开始工作的时候，偶尔会在电梯里瞥一眼自己，发现自己看起来一团糟（Ilookedatotalmess）。后面指出，之所以一团糟是因为服装的原因，因此B选项“她发现她的服装很不合适”正确。A选项“对广告不感兴趣”利用录音开头的“advertising”设置干扰，录音说的是说话人从事的是广告业，并未提及她对广告业不感兴趣，因此排除；C选项“她对时尚潮流不满意”，录音开头说的是，说话者喜欢跟随当下的潮流，因此C选项不正确；D选项“她经常照镜子检查自己”在录音中并未提及，因此也可排除。

13.Whywereuniformsinvented,accordingtothespeaker?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问说话者谈及的制服被发明的原因。录音中提到，没有人可以每天穿着独一无二的衣服，这就是制服被发明的原因。A选项“为了省去每天选不同衣服的烦恼”与原文意思表述相符，因此正确。B选项“满足有时尚意识的客户的期望”和D选项“节省服装开支”在录音中均未提及，因此排除；C选项“跟上当前的潮流”，利用录音开头的keepupwithcurrenttrends设置干扰，但这并不是发明制服的原因，因此不正确。

14.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutlookingsmarter?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问的是说话者关于“看起来更时尚”的看法。在录音后半部分，说话者提出一个问题，即看起来更时尚是否会提升我们的工作能力，接下来随即对此进行了回答，如果你的工作需要与其他人进行面对面交谈，则答案是肯定的，C选项“这在需要与他人接洽的工作中很重要”与原文意思表述一致，因此正确。A选项“这能提高人们独立工作的能力”和D选项“这能增强求职者的信心”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。B选项“这帮助人们在他们所做的任何事情上取得成功”说法过于绝对，不符合题意。

15.Whatdoesthespeakeradvisepeopletodoinanimage-obsessedworld?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问在这个看重外貌形象的世界里，说话者建议人们怎么做？录音结尾提到，说话者认为人们应该竭尽所能去做能实现工作目标的事情，包括谨慎塑造自己的形象，这都是值得的。D选项“做任何能（使我们的形象）看起来时尚的事情”与原文意思符合，因此正确。A选项“设计他们自己的制服，使其看起来独一无二”；B选项“穿经典的衣服给客户留下深刻印象”和C选项“对抗不断变化的时尚潮流”均不正确，在原文找不到相关依据，因此排除。

13.单选题

TheUnitedNationsdeclaredlastFridaythatSomalia’sfamineisover.Buttheofficialdeclaration

meanslittletothemillionsofSomaliswhoarestillhungryandwaitingfortheircropstogrow.

KenMenkhaus,professorofpoliticalscienceatDavidsonCollege,saiditwasprofoundlydisappointingtobediscussinganotherSomalifamine,afterheworkedinthecountryduringthe1991-1992one.Eachfamine,hesaid,hasdistinctcharacteristics,andthisoneunfoldinslowmotionoverthepastcoupleofyears.That’satleastpartlybecausetheSomalidiasporasentmoneyhomethatdelayedtheworsteffects.

MenkhauswasamongfourexpertsonSomaliaandfaminewhospokeattheRadcliffeGymMondayeveningandgatheredfortheevent,“SoundtheHom:FamineintheHomofAfrica.”PaulFarmer,KolokotronesUniversityProfessorofGlobalHealthandSocialMedicine,drewonhisexperiencetreatingmalnourishedpeopleinHaiti，wherehehasworkedfordecade，andsaidthehumanandsocialcontextofhome,andaidtofamiliesshouldbepartofwearingthechild,hesaid.Similarly,broaderagriculturalinterventionsandfairtradepoliciesareneededtoboostlocalagriculturaleconomies.

Thoughfamineisoftenthought