考研考博-英语-天津公安警官职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津公安警官职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thereseemstobeno（

）thereadingpublic’sthirstforbooksaboutthe1960’s；indeed,thenormallevelofinteresthasincreasedrecentlybecauseofaspateofpopulartelevisiondocumentaries.

问题1选项

A.slaking

B.reference

C.decoration

D.soporific

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。slaking消散，消化；reference参考，提及；decoration装饰；soporific催眠剂。句意：阅读群众对20世纪60年代的书籍的渴望并没有减少；事实上，由于受一连串的通俗电视纪录片的影响，普遍的兴趣还增加了。根据句意及前后关系可知A项正确。

2.单选题

IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1995,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthecountry___soserious.

问题1选项

A.wouldn’tbe

B.wouldn’thavebeen

C.willnotbe

D.wouldhavenotbeen

【答案】A

【解析】考查错综时间虚拟条件句。第一句是虚拟过去时IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1995(had=过去时)，但第二句thehousingproblemsnow，关键是now，表示现在，时态发生改变。变为错综虚拟条件句，即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情调整。句意：如果美国在1995年为穷人建造更多的住房，现在美国一些地区的住房问题就不会那么严重。本句表示如果以前怎样，那现在的问题就不会那么严重，主句时态用情态动词+现在时。因此A选项正确。

3.翻译题

Ofcourse,thereisfarmoreoilundergroundthancanberecovered.Itmaybeinapooltoosmallortoofarfromapotentialmarkettojustifytheexpenseofdrilling.Someoilliesunderregionswheredrillingisforbidden,suchasnationalparksorotherpubliclands.Evengiventhebestextractiontechniques,onlyabout30to40percentoftheoilinagivenpoolcanbebroughttothesurface.Therestisfartoodifficulttoextractandhastoremainunderground.

Moreover,gettingpetroleumoutofthegroundandfromundertheseaandtotheconsumercancreateenvironmentalproblemsanywherealongtheline.Pipelinescarryingoilcanbebrokenbyfaultsorlandslides,causingseriousoilspills.Spillagefromhugeoil-carryingcargoships,calledtankers,involvedincollisionsoraccidentalgroundings(suchastheoneoffAlaskain1989)cancreateoilslicksatsea.Offshoreplatformsmayalsoloseoil,creatingoilslicksthatdriftashoreandfoulthebeaches,harmingtheenvironment.Sometimes,thegroundatanoilfieldmaysubsideasoilisremoved.TheWilmingtonfieldnearLongBeach,California,hassubsidedninemetersin50years;protectivebarriershavehadtobebuilttopreventseawaterfromfloodingthearea.Finally,therefiningandburningofpetroleumanditsproductscancauseairpollution.Advancingtechnologyandstrictlaws,however,arehelpingcontrolsomeoftheseadverseenvironmentaleffects.

【答案】参考译文：

当然，地下还能发现更多的石油，油藏可能太小或远离潜在的市场因而钻井费用过高。一些石油存在于禁止钻井的地区，如国家公园或其他公共土地。即使提供最好的提取技术，油藏中也只有大约30%到40%的石油可以抽至地面。其余的因为太难抽取而不得不留在地下。

此外，从地下和海底开采石油并运送到消费者的途中的任何地方都会产生环境问题。石油运输管道可能因为故障或塌方损坏，造成严重的石油泄露。运载石油的油轮在发生碰撞或意外搁浅（如在1989年阿拉斯加发生的油轮搁浅）的情况下，石油泄露会导致海上产生浮油。海上钻井平台也可能会泄漏石油，导致油污漂流到岸上造成海滩污染，危害环境。有时一个油田的石油被抽取后，地面会发生下沉。加利福尼亚州长滩附近的威尔明顿油田在50年内下沉了9米；人们不得不建造保护屏障以防止海水灌进这个地区。最后，石油的炼制、燃烧以及其产品也会造成空气污染。不过，先进的技术和严格的法律正在协助控制这些对环境的不利影响。

4.填空题

TheFoodandDrugAdministrationonFridayproposedtwoimportantrules_1_atpreventingthecontaminationofproduceandprocessedfoods.The_2_rulerepresentaseachangeinthewaytheagencypolicesfood,aprocessthatcurrently_3_takingactionaftercontaminationhasbeenidentified.

Changesincluderequirementsforbetterrecordkeeping,contingency（应急的）plansforhandlingoutbreaksandmeasuresthatwouldpreventthespreadofcontaminationinthefirstplace.Whilefoodproducerswouldhavelatitudein4howtoexecutetherules,farmerswouldhavetoensurethatwaterusedinirrigationmeetcertainstandardsandfood_5_needtofindwaystokeepfreshthatmaycontainbacteriafromcominginto_6_withfoodthathasbeencooked.Newsafetymeasuresmightincluderequiringthatfarmworkerswashtheirhands,_7__portabletoiletsinfieldsandensuringthatfoodsshouldbecookedattemperatureshighenoughtokillbacteria.

Whetherconsumerswill_8_bearsomeoftheexpensesofthenewruleswasunclear,theagencyestimatedthattheproposalswouldcostfoodproducerstensofthousandsofdollarsayear.PresidentObamarequested$220millioninhis2013_9_,butDr.MargaretHamburg,commissioneroftheF.D.A,said“resourcesremainanongoingconcern.”Nonetheless,agencyofficialswere_10_thatthenewruleswouldprotectconsumersbetter.

【答案】1.A2.N3.H4.F5.M6.D7.G8.O9.C10.I

【解析】1.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：美国食品和药物管理局在周五提出了两项重要规定，__防止生产和加工食品的污染。从选项中的动词可以判断aim针对、目的在于符合句意，aimat为固定搭配。

2.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入形容词。由上文内容“proposedtwoimportantrules”可判断空格部分“The__rule”。从选项中的形容词可以判断proposed被提议的、建议的符合句意。

3.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：这项规定标志着该机构监管食品的方式发生了巨大变化，目前这一过程__在确定污染后采取行动。从选项中的动词可以判断involve包含符合句意，involvedoingsth包含。

4.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：食品生产商可以自由__如何执行这些规定。从选项中的动词可以判断determine决定符合句意。

5.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入名词。由上文内容“Whilefoodproducerswouldhave……”可判断空格部分“food__”。句意为：食品__需要找到保持新鲜的方法。从选项中的名词可以判断producers生产者、制造者符合句意。

6.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：食品生产商需要找到保持新鲜的方法，防止可能含有细菌的食品__煮熟的食品。从选项中的动词可以判断contact接触符合题意，comeintocontactwith和……接触、接触到。

7.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：新的安全措施可能包括要求农场工人洗手，在田地里__便携的洗手间，确保食物在足够高的温度下烹饪以杀死细菌。从选项中的动词可以判断install安装符合句意。

8.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入副词。句意为：消费者__是否会承担新规定的部分费用尚不清楚。从选项中的动词可以判断ultimately最后、最终符合句意。

9.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入名词。句意为：奥巴马总统在2013年的__中要求2.2亿美元。这里提到金额，因此从选项中的名词可以判断budget预算符合句意。

10.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入形容词。由Nonetheless尽管如此可以判断空格部分需要填入一个与前文相反的态度，从选项中的动词可以判断optimistic乐观的符合句意。

5.单选题

Theyoungshouldbe（

）totheold.

问题1选项

A.respectable

B.respectful

C.respected

D.respective

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项respectable“值得尊敬的”；B选项respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌的”；C选项respected“受尊敬的”；D选项respective“分别的，各自的”。句意：年轻人应该恭敬的对待老人。选项B符合句意。

6.单选题

ActressAmandaByneswasconvictedof（）drivinginApril2012whenshecrashedintoanL.A.Countysheriffsdeputy'scruiser.

问题1选项

A.legitimate

B.juvenile

C.reckless

D.redundant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项legitimate表示“合法的，正当的”；B选项juvenile表示“青少年的，幼稚的”；C选项reckless表示“鲁莽的，不顾后果的”；D选项redundant表示“多余的，过剩的，失业的”。beconvictedof…表示“被宣判有罪”，由句意可知这位女演员因为非法驾驶而被判有罪，因此只有C选项词义最符合句意。故本题正确答案为C选项。

7.单选题

Undertheterm“services”（）togethermiscellaneousactivitieswithlittleincommonexceptotherthanagriculture,extractiveindustries,utilitiesandmanufacturing.

问题1选项

A.lump

B.tolump

C.islumped

D.arelumped

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。介词短语位于句首，句子用部分倒装，所以选项A和B可排除。根据句子的主语“miscellaneousactivities”为复数，所以为了保持主谓一致，be动词选用复数形式are，选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Eversincehumanshaveinhabitedtheearth,theyhavemadeuseofvariousformsofcommunication.Generally,theexpressionofthoughtsandfeelingshasbeenintheformoforalspeech.Whenthereisalanguagebarrier,communicationisaccomplishedthroughsignlanguageinwhichmotionsstandforletters,wordsandideas.Tourists,thedeaf,andthemutehavehadtoresorttothisformofexpression.Manyofthesesymbolsofwholewordsareverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationally;spelling,however,cannot.

Bodylanguagetransmitsideasorthoughtsbycertainactions,eitherintentionallyorunintentionally.Awinkcanbeawayofflirtingorindicatingthatthepartyisonlyjoking.Anodsignifiesapproval,whileshakingtheheadindicatesanegativereaction.

OtherformsofnonlinguisticlanguagecanbefoundinBraille(asystemofraiseddotsreadwiththefingertips),signalflags,Morsecode,andsmokesignals.Roadmapsandpicturesignsalsoguide,warn,andinstructpeople.

Whileverbalizationisthemostcommonformoflanguage,othersystemsandtechniquesalsoexpresshumanthoughtsandfeeling.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

3.Whichformotherthanoralspeechwouldbemostcommonlyusedamongblindpeople?

4.Howmanydifferentformsofcommunicationarementionedhere?

5.Signlanguageissaidtobeverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationallyexceptfor（）

问题1选项

A.Whenlanguageisabarrier,peoplewillfindotherformsofcommunication.

B.Everybodyusesonlyoneformofcommunication.

C.Nonlinguisticlanguageisinvaluabletoforeigners.

D.Althoughotherformsofcommunicationexist,verbalizationisthefastest.

问题2选项

A.Therearemanyformsofcommunicationinexistencetoday.

B.Verbalizationisthemostcommonformofcommunication.

C.Thedeafandmuteuseanoralformofcommunication.

D.Ideasandthoughtscanbetransmittedbybodylanguage.

问题3选项

A.picturesigns

B.Braille

C.bodylanguage

D.signalflags

问题4选项

A.5

B.7

C.9

D.11

问题5选项

A.spelling

B.ideas

C.wholewords

D.expressions

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知,本文主要是讲肢体语言。一般来说,思想和感情的表达都是以口头语言的形式进行的。但当有语言障碍时,交流可以通过其他形式完成,比如肢体语言。所以选项A符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段的三四句可知,游客,盲人和聋哑人使用的是signlanguage,而不是oralformofcommunication。所以选项C表述错误。

3.细节事实题。根据原文可知Braille是一种用指尖阅读的凸点系统,即盲文,适合盲人使用。所以选项B正确。

4.细节事实题。文章中提到了oralspeech、signlanguage,bodylanguage、Braille、signalflags,Morsecode、smokesignals、roadmaps、picturesigns这9种交际方式,所以选项C正确。

5.细节事实题。根据第一段的最后一句“Manyofthesesymbolsofwholewordsareverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationally;spelling,however,cannot.”这些完整的文字符号中有许多是非常生动和准确的,可以在国际上使用；然而拼写不能。所以本题选A。

9.单选题

Square-jawed,withapastycomplexionandanathleticbutnotoverlybulked-upbuild,helookslikeamanmeanttohaveawhistlearoundhisneck.

问题1选项

A.sallow

B.vivid

C.pale

D.blushing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项sallow“气色不好的；灰黄色的”；B选项vivid“生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的”；C选项pale“苍白的；无力的；暗淡的”；D选项blushing“鲜红的；脸红的”。句意：他长着方下巴，脸色苍白，体格健壮但不太结实，看起来就像脖子上挂着个口哨的人。pasty“苍白的；面糊似的”，C选项与该词意思最相近，因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

I（

）youthatthegoodswillbedeliverednextweek.

问题1选项

A.ensure

B.assure

C.confirm

D.insist

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ensure“确保，保证”，指确保某事会发生，宾语一般接物，而不是人；B选项assure“使确信，向……保证”，其后宾语一搬接人；C选项confirm“（尤指提供证据来）证实，证明，确认”；D选项insist“坚决要求，坚持”。由宾语you可知选B。句意：我向你保证，这批货将于下周交货。

11.单选题

Childrenmaynotenjoytoeatsweetsafteramealsomuchasatothertimes,butitishealthier

A

B

C

forthemtodoso.

D

问题1选项

A.toeat

B.somuchas

C.at

D.todo

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。enjoydoingsth.意为“喜欢做某事”。

试题答案：A;eating

12.单选题

Thechimneyvomitedacloudofsmoke.

问题1选项

A.ignited

B.immersed

C.emitted

D.hugged

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。vomit在句中是“吐出，喷出”；A选项ignited“点燃”；B选项immersed“浸入”；C选项emitted“释放，放出”；D选项hugged“拥抱”。句意：烟囱吐出一团烟。所以选C。

13.单选题

Thearchaeologist（

）thatthevasewas1500yearsold.

问题1选项

A.upheld

B.estimated

C.sustained

D.unitized

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。upheld意为“支持”；estimate意为“估计，预测”；sustain意为“维持”；unitize意为“统一（化），组成”。

句意：考古学家估计这个花瓶有1500年历史了。

14.单选题

Manypartsofanaircraftare______together.

问题1选项

A.reshuffled

B.repulsed

C.reverted

D.riveted

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.reshuffled进行岗位调整；更改职责配置B.repulsed拒绝；驱逐

C.reverted回复；归还D.riveted吸引住；用铆钉固定住

【答案】D

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息partsofanaircraft（飞机的零件）和关键词together（一起）可知，空格处填入“组装，固定”符合句子意思，四个选项中只有D项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

【句意】飞机的许多部件是用铆钉铆接在一起的。

15.翻译题

由小学到中学，所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。就是大学四年，所授课业也还是相当粗浅的学识。世人常称大学为“最高学府”，这名称易滋误解，好像过此以上即无学问可言。

大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在，在这里做学问也只能算是粗涉藩篱，注重的是研究学问的方法与实习。学无止境，一生的时间都嫌太短，所以古人皓首穷经，头发白了还是在继续研究，不过在这样的研究中确实有浓厚的趣味。

PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

【答案】Welearnnothingmorethansomebasicallycommonknowledgefromprimarytosecondaryschool.Evenifduringfour-yearuniversitylife,weweretaughtonlyrudimentsofscholarship.Universitiesareusuallyknownas“thehighesteducationalinstitution”,whichislikelytocausethemisunderstandingthatthereisnomoretolearnafteruniversity.

Theresearchinstitutesofuniversitiesarethecertainplaceswhereknowledgeisprimarilystudied.Buteventhereyougetonlythefirsttastingoflearningwherefocusonresearchmethodandpractice.Knowledgeisinfiniteandlifeislimited.Thus,ancientpeopleneverstoptheirstudyevenwhentheywereveryold.However,therewasstronginterestinthisprocess.

【解析】

16.单选题

Notuntilshoutedatthetopofmyvoice（）hishead.

问题1选项

A.thatheturned

B.didheturn

C.hedidn’tturn

D.hehadturned

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒装句的用法。Notuntil放在句首时使用部分倒装——主句倒装，从句不倒装。选项B符合题意。

17.单选题

Howlargeaproportionofthesalesofstoresinornearresortareascanbe______totouristspending?

问题1选项

A.attributed

B.applied

C.contributed

D.attached

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。attributedto“归因于”；appliedto“应用于”；contributedto“有助于”；attachedto“附属于”。句意：在度假胜地或附近，商店销售额中有多大的比例可以归因于旅游消费？选项A符合题意。

18.单选题

The______ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.

问题1选项

A.origin

B.generation

C.decent

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词。A选项origin“起源，来源”，指事物开始出现的始点或其来源与出处；B选项generation“一代，产生”；C选项decent“正派的，得体的”，为形容词；D选项cause“原因，起因”，指某事件、后果等的起因。句意：这个词的起源是未知的，但肯定不是来自希腊语。

19.单选题

（）occasionaldifferencesofopinion,RonandPaulgetalongverywell.

问题1选项

A.Exceptfor

B.Outof

C.Inspiteof

D.Inadditionto

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项Exceptfor“除了...以外”；B选项Outof“由于”；C选项Inspiteof“尽管，不顾”；D选项Inadditionto“除...之外，还有...”。句意：尽管偶尔意见有分歧，但罗恩和保罗相处得很好。选项C符合句意。

20.单选题

Theyareboundtofailiftheycontinueattheriskofallthesedangers.

问题1选项

A.areunnecessary

B.arecertain

C.aresimple

D.arealternative

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。根据句意：如果他们继续冒着所有这些危险，他们……会失败。这里表示的是肯定的说法，beboundto意为“肯定，必然”。A选项areunnecessary“不必要的”；B选项arecertain“必然的，确信的”；C选项aresimple“简单的，单纯的”；D选项arealternative“供选择的”。选项B符合语境。

21.单选题

（）beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.

问题1选项

A.Hadtheyarrived

B.Weretheyarriving

C.Wouldtheyarrive

D.Weretheytoarrive

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。主句谓语是“should+动词原形”，表示与现在事实相反或与将来事实可能相反。从句部分是倒装结构，省略了if，由于句子中的时间状语是thedayaftertomorrow，所以从句动词应该用与将来事实可能相反的虚拟语气。应为should(wereto)+动词原形。句意：如果他们在我们后天出发之前到达的话，我们可以有一顿丰盛的晚宴。故D项正确。

22.单选题

Ahistoricchangeistakingplaceinhighereducation.Professorsarebeingheldresponsibleasneverbeforeforhowwelltheyservestudents.Ithasbecomeascommonincollegesanduniversitiesforstudentstogradeprofessorsasforprofessorstogradestudents.Infactstudentratings(评价)havebecomethemostwidelyusedandinmanycasestheonlyimportantinformationonteachingeffectiveness.Incomparingthreestudiesofthesame600middleandhighschoolsinmorethanthirtystatesitwasfoundthatthenumberofschoolsusingstudentratingstoevaluate(评估)teachershadclimbedfrom29percentto68percentto86percent.Noothermethodofevaluationgotthatdegreeofusageandotherstudieshavefoundsimilarresults.

Onereasonthatstudentevaluationsofteachershavebecomesopopularisthattheyareeasytocarryoutandtoscore.Buttheyarealsoeasytoabuse.Iftheyareexpectedtothrowmeaningfullightonteachers’'performancetheratingsmustbeusedinawaythatshowsatleastsomeofwhatwe’'velearntaboutthemfromresearchandfromexperience.

Researchandexperiencehaveshownus,forexample,thatstudentratingsshouldneverbetheonlybasisforevaluatingteachingeffectiveness.Thereismuchmoretoteachingthanwhatisevaluatedonstudentratingforms.Whenratingsareused,weknowthatstudentsshouldnotbeexpectedtojudgewhetherthematerialsusedinacourseareuptodateorhowwelltheteacherknowsthesubjectmatterofthecourse.

Thesejudgmentsrequireprofessionalbackgroundandarebestlefttotheprofessor’'scolleagues.Ontheotherhand,studentsshouldbeaskedtoestimatewhattheyhavelearnedinacourse,andtoreportonsuchthingsasaprofessor’'sabilitytocommunicateatthestudent’'slevel,professionalbehaviorintheclassroom,relationshipwithstudents,andabilitytoarouseinterestinthesubject.

1.Thecentralideaofthepassageisthat______.

2.WhichstatementisTRUE?

3.InstudentratingsarethefollowingquestionscanbeaskedEXCEPT:______.

4.Thesentenceinthethirdsecondparagraph“Buttheyalsoarealsoeasytoabuse”means______.

问题1选项

A.studentratingsaretheonlysourceofinformationonteachingeffectiveness

B.ratingshavebecomethemostwidelyusedsourceofinformationonteachingeffectiveness

C.besidestudentratings,thereareothermethodstoevaluateteachers

D.studentratingsareverypopularandshouldbeproperlyused

问题2选项

A.Studentevaluationsofteachersarepopularbecausetheyareextremelyaccurate.

B.Instudentratings,studentsshouldnotbeaskedquestionsthatrequireprofessionalbackground.

C.Studentratingscanbeusedunderanycircumstances.

D.Allcollegesareinclinedtousestudentratingstoevaluateteachers.

问题3选项

A.Cantheteachermakehimselfeasilyunderstood?

B.Howdoestheteacherdealwithstudents?

C.Iswhatistaughtnew?

D.Arestudentsinterestedinwhatistaught?

问题4选项

A.teachersareeasytobemisunderstood

B.teachersareeasytobewronged

C.studentratingscaneasilybeputtowronguse

D.studentratingscaneasilybemadeuseoftoattackteachers

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.【试题解析】：主旨大意题。通读全文，可得知本文主要讲述的是学生评估在对教师进行测评中的广泛应用及如何正确地使用这种测评方式，因此选项D最能概括文章大意。选项A和选项B，根据原文可以定位到第一段的第四三句“Infactstudentratings(评价)havebecomethemostwidelyusedandinmanycasestheonlyimportantinformationonteachingeffectiveness.”选项本身说法正确，但过于片面，不足以概括全文。根据原文“Noothermethodofevaluationgotthatdegreeofusageandotherstudieshavefoundsimilarresults.”可得知选项C说法错误。

2.【试题解析】事实细节题。选项B可以定位到原文的第四三段的首句“Thesejudgmentsrequireprofessionalbackgroundandarebestlefttotheprofessor’'scolleagues.”可得知这些专业性的背景问题最好留给同事们回答而不是学生，即符合B选项。

3.【试题解析】判断推理题。由文章末第三段第三句中的"“studentsshouldnotbeexpectedtojudgewhetherthematerialsusedinacourseareuptodate”"可知，不能问学生"“老师教授的东西是否新颖”"这样的问题。因此，答案为C。

4.【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干引用的这句话可以定位到原文中的第二三段，“Iftheyareexpectedtothrowmeaningfullightonteachers’'performancetheratingsmustbeusedinawaythatshowsatleastsomeofwhatwe’'velearntaboutthemfromresearchandfromexperience.”可得知，如果他们被期望为教师的表现提供有意义的说明，那么评级的使用必须至少表明我们从研究和经验中所了解到的一些情况。而不是说随意评级。可推断出评级很容易会被误用。因此答案为选项C。

23.单选题

He（

）hishead,wonderinghowtosolvetheproblem.

问题1选项

A.scrapped

B.screwed

C.scraped

D.scratched

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。scrap意为“废弃，报废”；screw意为“旋紧，拧紧”；scrape意为“刮，擦”；scratch意为“挠，搔，抓”。

句意：他挠他的头，不知如何解决这个问题。

24.单选题

Thefactoryoperated（

）untiltheorderwasfilled.

问题1选项

A.attimes

B.totheminute

C.daybyday

D.aroundtheclock

【答案】D

【解析】句意:工厂昼夜不停地运行直到订单满额。

考查短语辨析。attimes有时,偶尔;totheminute准时;daybyday每一天;aroundtheclock昼夜不停地。根据后半句句意“知道订单满额”推测D符合句意。

25.单选题

Wenowcometothevitaltopicofmoney.First,wemustrememberthatscience,onanysignificantscale,existsonlyineconomieswherethereissurplusofgoodsandservices.Aprosperouseconomyformsanecessarybaseforscientificwork.Tragically,theeconomiesofthe"underdeveloped"countries,wheretheneedisoverwhelming,havenotsupported--norhavetheybeencapableofsupporting—anysubstantialscientificandtechnicaltrainingorresearch.ReadthespeechofP.M.S.Blackette,PresidentoftheRoyalSociety,inwhichtheexistinggreatdisparitybetweenthe"have"and"have-not"economiesisconsidered.Theprimarythemeofhisaddressisthatthegapisnotclosing;onthecontrary,itsteadilygrowswider.

TheUnitedStates,asthemostwealthyindustrialnation,spendsagreateramountonresearchanddevelopmentthananyothernations.Itisbeyondthescopeofthisbooktoconsiderindetailwhethertheamountspentisadequate,eitherinrelationtoourowneconomyorinrelationtoourpositionintheworld.Atbestthequestionisanopenone.

Inthelastfewyears,financialsupportforsciencehaschangedsignificantly.Itisfrustratingtoreportthat,inspiteofnumerousstatementsabouttheextentandnatureofthesechanges,ithasbeenimpossibletofindsufficientagreementtobesurejustwhathashappened.Twopointsdoappearclear.First,therehasbeenanoverallcutinresearchfunds,furtherreinforcedbysubstantialinflationofprices.Second,therehasbeenincreasedemphasison"relevant"researchthatisresearchwithimmediatepracticalapplications.

Onereportthatreflectsmostcloselyourownestimateofthesituationwasmadebyafive-membercommitteefromtheNationalAcademyofSciences.ThisgroupinvestigatedfundingofchemistryprojectsbytheNationalInstitutesofHealth.Thecommitteeconcludedthatfundinghadbeendeclinedbyanaverageof20%andthatthesectionmostcloselyrelatedtobasicresearchhadfundscutinhalf.Thecommitteefoundthatvariousinstitutes,in-houseresearch,administrativebudgets,andcontinuingextramural（校外的）grantshadbeenprotectedwiththeresultthatnewandrenewalgrantshadbecomeadisasterarea.Otherreportsstatingthatfederalinstitutes’fundshavehadonlylimitedcutshaveapparentlyignoredthepointmadebytheNationalAcademyCommittee.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthe"underdeveloped"countries?

2.Whichofthefollowingwordsmeansnearlythesameas“disparity”usedinline6ofparagraphone?

3.“Atbestthequestionisanopenone”inthesecondparagraphmeansthat（

）.

4.Whichareaofresearchhassufferedmostfromthecutsinthefederalinstitutes’funds?

5.Whichofthefollowingcouldbebestusedforthetitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Theyneedscientificandtechnicaltrainingorresearchbadly.

B.Theyaretoopoortospareenoughforthedevelopmentofscience.

C.Theyhaveotherprioritiesinsteadofspendingadecentamountofmoneyonscience.

D.Allofabove

问题2选项

A.Dispute

B.Diversion

C.Inequality

D.Argument

问题3选项

A.thequestionhastobelefttothepublictodecide

B.thequestionistooself-evidenttobediscussedanyfurther

C.differentpeoplemayhavedifferentopinionaboutthisquestion

D.moreinformationhastobecollectedbeforethequestioncanbefinallyanswered

问题4选项

A.Appliedresearch

B.Basicresearch

C.Chemistryprojects

D.Newresearchprojects

问题5选项

A.Disputeaboutresearchfunding

B.Trendsofresearchfunding

C.Researchanddevelopment

D.Basicandappliedresearches

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。A:他们对科学技术培训和研发有极强的需求,B:他们太穷，以至于没有足够的科学发展资金,C:他们有其他需要优先考虑的事情，而不是花大量资金在科研上。根据题干关键词the“underdeveloped”countries定位至第一段:Tragically,theeconomiesofthe"underdeveloped”countries,wheretheneedisoverwhelming,havenotsupported--norhavetheybeencapableofsupportinganysubstantialscientificandtechnicaltrainingorresearch(可悲的是，欠发达国家有很强的科研需求，但其经济却无法支持，或者没有能力支持任何一项实质的科学技术培训或研发),由此判断此题选D“以上所有选项”。

2.词义题。“disparity”所在句为:ReadthespeechofP.M.S.Blackette,PresidentoftheRoyalSociety,inwhichtheexistinggreatdisparitybetweenthe"have"and"have-not"economiesisconsidered(阅读皇家学会主席P.M.S.Blackette的演讲，其中就考虑了“有”和“没有”经济体之间存在的巨大…),由此推测,“disparity”表示“不同”或者“差异”。四个选项中,C项inequality(不同)与之意思最为接近。

3.语义题。“Atbestthequestionisanopenone”表示“充其量是一个开放的问题”,因此C项“对此问题，不同的人有不同的观点”比较符合这句话意思。

4.细节事实题。第四段指出:Thecommitteeconcludedthatfundinghadbeendeclinedbyanaverageof20%andthatthesectionmostcloselyrelatedtobasicresearchhadfundscutinhalf(委员会得出的结论是，资金平均己经削减了20%,与此最密切相关的基础研究的基金减少一半)。故选B“基础研究”。

5.主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了财政对科研的支持的不同报道和不同观点。经济实力强的国家能为科研提供更多支持，经济欠发达国家更需要发展科研，但是却没有足够的资金支持，因此人们对于财政支持科研发展有不同的观点看法。因此A项“关于研究经费的讨论”比较适合做文章标题。

26.单选题

Icansmelltheperfume（）.

问题1选项

A.withfaintness

B.faintily

C.faintly

D.faint

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查副词用法。A选项withfaintness“眩晕，虚弱”，B选项faintily形容词变形错误，C选项faintly“微弱地，模糊地”，D选项“模糊的，头晕的”，句意：我隐约能闻到香水味。因此，C选项符合句意。

27.单选题

It’sabrandnewworld—aworldbuiltaroundbrands.Hardcharging,noisemaking,cultureshapingbrandsareeverywhere.They’reonsupermarketshelves,ofcourse,butalsoinbusinessplansfordotcomstartupsandinthenamesofsportscomplexes.Brandsareinfiltratingpeople’severydaylives—bystickingtheirlogosonclothes,inconcertprograms,onsubwaystationwall,eveninelementaryschoolclassrooms.

WeliveinanageinwhichCBSnewscasterswearNikejacketsontheair,inwhichBurgerKingandMcDonald’sopenkiosksinelementary-schoollunchrooms,inwhichschoolslikeStanfordUniversityareendowedwithaYahoo!FoundersChair.Butasbrandsreach(andthenoverreach)intoeveryaspectofourlives,thecompaniesbehindtheminvitemorequestions,deeperscrutiny—andaninevitablebacklashbyconsumers.

“Ourintellectuallivesandourpublicspacesarebeingtakenoverbymarketing—andthathasrealimplicationsforcitizenship,saysauthorandactivistNaomiKlein.“It’simportantforanyhealthyculturetohavepublicspace—aplacewherepeoplearetreatedascitizensinsteadofasconsumers.We’vecompletelylostthatspace.”

Sincethemid-1980s,asmoreandmorecompanieshaveshiftedfrombeingaboutproductstobeingaboutideas—Starbucksisn’tslingcoffee;it’ssellingcommunity!—thosecompanieshavepouredmoreandmoreresourcesintomarketingcampaigns.

Topayforthosecampaigns,thosesamecompaniesfiguredoutwaystocutcostselsewhere—forexample,byusingcontractlaborathomeandlow-wagelaborindevelopingcountries.Contractlaborersarehiredonatemporary,per-assignmentbasis,andemployershavenoobligationtoprovide(anybenefits,suchashealthinsurance)orlong-termjobsecurity.Thissavescompaniesmoneybutobviouslyputsworkersinvulnerablesituations.IntheUnitedStates,contractlaborhasgivenrisetoso-calledMcJobs,whichemployersandworkersalikepretendaretemporary—eventhoughthesejobsareusuallyheldbyadultswhoaretryingtosupportfamilies.

Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.Thismadethoseinstitutionsmuchtoowilling,eveneager,topartnerwithprivatecompanies.Butcompaniestookadvantageoftheneedsofthoseinstitutions,reachingtoofar,andoverwhelmingthecivicspacewiththeirmarketingagendas.

46.Whatdoesthepassageintendtotellus?

47.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorstateasafactorintheincreasingpresenceofbrandsinpeoples’lives?

48.ThetextsuggeststhatmostcontractlaborersintheU.S.______.

49.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat______.

问题1选项

A.Theproblemswithcurrentcorporatepractices.

B.Thenatureofcurrentmarketingcampaignsandstrategies.

C.TheimportanceofbrandsinAmericanculture.

D.Theexcessivepresenceofbrandsandmarketinginpeople’slives.

问题2选项

A.Theaggressivenatureofcorporatemarketing.

B.Thewillingnessofschoolsandmuseumstocooperatewithprivatecompanies.

C.Thelackofgovernmentregulationsofmarketingmethods.

D.Themarketingcampaignstakeuppublicspaces.

问题3选项

A.pretendtobetemporaryworkers

B.mayhavetroublesupportingtheirfamiliesfinanc