考研考博-英语-天津开发区职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津开发区职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

It（）methatthemanwasnottellingthetruth.

问题1选项

A.effects

B.pokes

C.hits

D.stirs

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。effect“造成，产生，招致”；poke“戳，刺”；hit“打，打击，击中”；stir“搅拌，搅动”。句意：那让我觉得那个男人没有说实话。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewandtakethemasfarastheycango,ourtaskwouldbefairlysimple.Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.Becausewedependsoheavilyuponscienceandtechnologyforourprogress,wemustproducespecialistsinmanyfields.Becauseweliveinademocraticnation,whosecitizensmakethepoliciesforthenation,largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts.Thepublicschoolmusteducatebothproducersandusersofscientificservices.

Ineducation,thereshouldbeagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledgethatcontributetoeffectivethinkingandwisejudgment.Suchbalanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield.Thisquestionofbalanceinvolvesnotonlytherelationofthenaturalscience,thesocialsciences,andthearts,butalsorelativeemphasesamongthenaturalsciencesthemselves.

Similarly,wemusthaveabalancebetweencurrentandclassicalknowledge.Theattentionofthepubliciscontinuallydrawntonewpossibilitiesinscientificfieldsandthediscoveryofnewknowledge;theseshouldnotbeallowedtoturnourattentionawayfromthesound,establishedmaterialsthatformthebasisofcoursesforbeginners.

9.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thetaskofeducationisfairlycomplicatedbecause__________.

10.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?

11.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.

12.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe___________.

问题1选项

A.thecurrentpublicschoolsystemistoocomplicatedtobeunderstood

B.thepublicschoolsystemhasnochoiceofwhattoteach

C.itisdifficulttodecidewhetherelementaryscienceshouldbetaughtinpublicschools

D.theeducatorshavetotakecareofbothordinaryandgiftedstudents

问题2选项

A.Oneofthemajortasksofeducationistodiscoverthemostpromisingstudents.

B.Inordertoteacheffectively,educatorsarerequestedtolayemphasisononeparticularfield.

C.Somesubjectshavebeenover-emphasizedinpublicschools.

D.Theprogressofthesocietycannotmerelyrelyoninventors.

问题3选项

A.sufficientattentionshouldbegiventobasicknowledge

B.studentsshouldlearnmoreup-to-dateknowledge

C.lackofscientificknowledgewillleadtopoorrelationsbetweenproducersandusersofscientificservices

D.studentsaregettingtoknowtheimportanceofagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledge

问题4选项

A.CurrentSysteminEducation

B.EducationalSituationinPublicSchool

C.BalanceinEducation

D.ImportanceofTeachingScienceandTechnology

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】9.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。由第一段的Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.（然而，公立学校系统没有如此的选择，因为这些工作（教育普通和有天赋的学生）一定要同时进行。）以及Thepublicschoolmusteducatebothproducersandusersofscientificservices.（公立学校必须教育为科学服务的生产者和使用者。）由此可知，教育工作之所以会变得相当复杂是因为传授学习的对象并没有进行区分。因此D选项“教育工作者不得不照顾普通的和有天赋的学生”正确，符合题意。A选项“如今的公立学校系统太复杂而不能被理解”，B选项“公立学校系统不能选择教授的东西”，C选项“难以决定基础科学是否应该在公立学校被教授”。在文中均未提及，可排除。故选D。

10.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。由第一段中Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewandtakethemasfarastheycango,ourtaskwouldbefairlysimple.（如果只需要决定是向大众教授基础科学，还是找到少数有天赋的人，让他们尽可能地学习，那么我们的任务就相当简单了。）这只是作者的一个假设，并没有真正执行。因此A选项“教育的一个主要任务是去发现最有前途的学生”错误，与原文表述不符合。由第二段中Suchbalanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield.（这样的平衡被过分强调某一领域所打破。）可知C选项“一些科目在公立学校中一直被过度强调”正确，符合题意。同理可推理出B选项“为了有效地教学，要求教育者强调某一特定的方面”。根据第一段中Becauseweliveinademocraticnation,whosecitizensmakethepoliciesforthenation,largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts.（因为我们生活在一个民主的国家，所以，必须教育大部分人了解和支持或评判专家的工作。）民主国家的发展依靠所有人民的努力，而人民并不能局限于发明者。因此D选项“社会的发展不能仅仅依赖发明者”正确，符合题意。故选A。

11.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位在最后一段中Theattentionofthepubliciscontinuallydrawntonewpossibilitiesinscientificfieldsandthediscoveryofnewknowledge;theseshouldnotbeallowedtoturnourattentionawayfromthesound,establishedmaterialsthatformthebasisofcoursesforbeginners.（公众的注意力不断地被科学领域的新可能性和新知识的发现所吸引，不应该允许这些将我们的注意力从健全的，已制定的材料转移开，因为这些材料形成了适合初学者的基础课程。）由此可知，初学者应该从最基本的学习材料学起。因此A选项“应该给予基础知识足够的重视”正确，符合题意。B选项“学生应该学习更多最新的知识”，C选项“缺乏科学知识将导致生产者和科学服务使用者之间产生不好的关系”，D选项“学生正慢慢认识到知识学科之间一种良好平衡的重要性”均不符合题意，可排除。故选A。

12.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。由第一段中Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.（然而，公立学校系统没有如此的选择，因为这些工作（教育普通和有天赋的学生）一定要同时进行）第一段提出教育平衡的话题，第二段和第三段围绕教育平衡进行论述。综合而知，本文主要是围绕教育平衡这个话题展开阐述的。因此C选项“教育平衡”正确，符合题意。A选项“如今的教育系统”，B选项“公立学校的教育情况”，D选项“教授科学和技术的重要性”均不符合题意，可排除。故选C。

3.单选题

HostilitytoGypsieshasexistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14thcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wereshroudedinmystery.Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago,workingasminstrels（吟游歌手）andmercenaries（雇佣兵）,metal-smithsandservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies.Aclan（部落）system,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmadethemadeeplyfragmentedandfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallgadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivistsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor"man".ButonmytravelsamongthemmoststillreferredtothemselvesasGypsies.

InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresy（异端）intheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism（流浪）.Atvarioustimestheyhavebeenforbiddentoweartheirdistinctivebrightclothes,tospeaktheirownlanguage,totravel,tomarryoneanother,ortoplytheirtraditionalcrafts.Insomecountriestheywerereducedtoslavery.Itwasn'tuntilthemid-1800sthatGypsyslaveswerefreedinRomania.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust（大屠杀）.Theirhorseshavebeenshotandthewheelsremovedfromtheirwagons,theirnameshavebeenchanged,theirwomenhavebeensterilized（消除）,andtheirchildrenhavebeenforciblygivenforadoptiontonon-Gypsyfamilies.

ButtheGypsieshaveconfoundedpredictionsoftheirdisappearanceasadistinctethnicgroupandtheirnumbershaveburgeoned(迅速成长).Todaythereareanestimated8to12millionGypsiesscatteredacrossEurope,makingthemthecontinent’slargestminority.Theexactnumberishardtopindown.Gypsieshaveregularlybeenundercounted,bothbyregimesanxioustodownplay(不予重视)theirprofileandbyGypsiesthemselves,seekingtoavoidbureaucracies.Attemptingtoremedypastinequities,activistgroupsmayovercount.HundredsofthousandsmorehaveemigratedtotheAmericasandelsewhere.WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown—unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.“Romanestan”saidRonaldLee,theCanadianGypsywriter,"iswheremytwofeetstand.”

1.Gypsiesareunitedonlywhenthey（

）.

2.InhistoryhostilitytoGypsiesinEuroperesultedintheirpersecutionbyallthefollowingEXCEPT

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweentheGypsiesandtheJewsliesintheirconceptsof

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthehistoryoftheGypsies?

问题1选项

A.areengagedintraditionalcrafts

B.callthemselvesRoma

C.liveunderaclansystem

D.faceexternalthreats

问题2选项

A.theEgyptians

B.thestate

C.thechurch

D.theNazis

问题3选项

A.language

B.culture

C.identity

D.custom

问题4选项

A.TheoriginoftheGypsiescanonlybeguessedfromtheirlanguage.

B.EuropeanshadthoughtthattheGypsiesoriginatedfromEgypt.

C.SomepeoplehadthoughtthattheGypsiesmightdisappearasadistinctnationality.

D.TherewasonceacountryoftheGypsiesinnorthernIndia.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies（只有在非吉普赛人的威胁面前才能真正团结起来）可知D选项“面对外部威胁”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust.（在欧洲，非吉普赛人对他们的迫害开始得很快，教会认为他们的算命行为是异端邪说，而政府认为他们的游牧生活是反社会行动。在更近的历史中，吉普赛人被陷入纳粹党歇斯底里的种族迫害中，大约50万人死于大屠杀）可知吉普赛人受到了教堂、政府以及纳粹的迫害，因此选A。

3.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown—unlikeJews（除了极少数例外，吉普赛人并没有表达出对一个国家的强烈愿望—不像犹太人那样）可知吉普赛人与犹太人的主要区别在于对身份的认同，因此选C。

4.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago（从他们的语言罗曼语的各种方言中的线索可知，一千年前他们从印度北部来到中东）可知D选项“印度北部曾经有一个吉普赛人国家”表示不正确，只能推测吉普赛人从印度北部而来。

4.单选题

In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”,thefederalcensuscategoryroughly（

）theentireindustrialsector.

问题1选项

A.motivating

B.encompassing

C.enticing

D.undercutting

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项motivate“激励；刺激”；B选项encompass“包含；包围”；C选项entice“怂恿；诱使”；D选项undercut“削（价）竞争；削弱”。句意：1910年，超过60万的黑人工人，或者说10%的黑人工人报告说他们从事“制造业和机械制造业”，这一联邦人口普查类别大致……整个工业部门。综合句意与选项可知B选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Sometimesitcanbeshownthatthetissuenotonlylookshomogeneous,butactuallyisso,because,ifthetissueiscutinhalf,eachhalfwillregulatetogiverisetothesamepatternaswouldotherwisehavebeenproducedbythewhole.

问题1选项

A.create

B.occur

C.emerge

D.deteriorate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项create“创造，创作；造成”；B选项occur“发生；出现；存在”；C选项emerge“浮现；摆脱；暴露”；D选项deteriorate“恶化，变坏”。句意：可以证明，组织不仅看起来是均匀的，而且实际上是均匀的，因为如果组织被切成两半，每一半将调节以产生与整体相同的图案。结合此处关键词giveriseto“造成；引起；导致”，得知A为正确答案。

6.单选题

Forshortageoffoodandwater,theillegalimmigrants（）downfrom112to58.

问题1选项

A.seized

B.starved

C.calculated

D.split

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项seized“逮住，抓住”；B选项starved“使挨饿，饿死”；C选项calculated“计算”；D选项split“劈开”。句意：由于食物和水的短缺，非法移民数量从112人下降到了58人。根据前半句表述的因为缺少食物和水，可知后半句中非法移民数量减少的原因是挨饿。所以空格处填B选项starved“使挨饿，饿死”合适。因此B选项符合题意。

7.单选题

People'stastesinrecreationdifferwidely.Atarecentfestivalofpop-musicintheIsleofWight,crowdsofteenagersflockedtolistentotheirfavoritesingersandmusicians.Theywentwithsinglerailwayticketsandsleptintheopen,averyriskythingtodointheclimateofBritain,eveninAugust.Theywerepackedtogetherlikesardinesforfourdays.Therewereinnumerablethieves,agangofroughstriedseveraltimestobreakthingsupandpolicewereeverywhere.Attheendofthefestivalmanyyoungfansfoundthemselvesbroke,withnomoneyleft,andtheyhaddifficultyingettingbackhome.Mostpeoplewouldconsidertheseconditionsanightmareofdiscomfort,thefansappearedtoenjoyitallenormously.

EvenintheovercrowdedUnitedKingdomtherearelargetractsofopenun-spoiltcountry,wherepeoplewithmoretraditionaltastescangoforquiet,andforthesenseoffreedomtheyderivefromcontactwithnature.Inthenationalparksespecially,moderndevelopmentofhousingandindustryisstrictlycontrolled.Visitorsmaywalkformilesthroughlandscapeofthegreatestbeautyandwildness,andoftenofconsiderablehistoricorscientificinterest.Alongthecoastsofsomeofthemaritimecounties,publicpathwayshavebeencreated,thesepathsstretchformanymilesalongcliffsthatlookoutontheAtlanticOceanortheEnglishChannel.Anotherpath,lyinginland,goesalongtherangeofmountainsinthenorthofEngland.ItiscalledthePennineWay.Here,thelong-distancewalkerandthenature-lovercanfindmuchtoenjoy,withoutfeelingdisturbedbylargenumbersoftheirfellows.

Yetfewpeoplemakefulluseofthenationalparksestablishedforeveryone'sbenefit.Thecommonestthingnowadaysisforfamilygroupstomotorouttoabeautifulspotandparktheircarsinalay-by（路旁停车处）.Apicnicbasketisproduced,alongwithafoldingtableandchairs,akettleandaportablestove.Theythensettledowntoapicnicinthelay-bybesidethecar.Apparentlytheirideaofenjoymentistogetintothefreshairandamongstthecountrysightsandsoundswithouthavingtowalkayard.Theyseemalmosttoliketohearandtosmellthetraffic.

1.InBritain,accordingtothepassage,itisveryriskyto（

）.

2.Attheendofthefestival,manyyoungfans

（

）.

3.EvenintheovercrowdedUnitedKingdomtherearelarge

（

）.

4.Publicpathwaysarecreatedforpeopleto

（

）.

5.Familygroupsnowadaysliketo（

）.

问题1选项

A.gowithasinglerailwayticket

B.listentopop-musicatthefestival

C.sleepintheopen

D.packtogetherincrowds

问题2选项

A.werearrestedbythepolice

B.hadspentmostoftheirmoney

C.weresleepingout

D.becamequitepenniless

问题3选项

A.tracksthroughtheopencountry

B.areasofcountrywithoutsoil

C.areasofcountrysidenotdeveloped

D.expansesoflandwherenobodyworks

问题4选项

A.commutetowork

B.enjoylong-distancewalking

C.walktomaritimecounties

D.visitthehistoricorscenicsites

问题5选项

A.havemealsoutofdoorsbytheroad-side

B.goforawalkawayfromhome

C.driveoutpastthebeautifulplaces

D.hearandsmelltheanimals

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Theywentwithsinglerailwayticketsandsleptintheopen,averyriskythingtodointheclimateofBritain,eveninAugust.（他们带着单程火车票，睡在露天，这在英国的气候下是非常危险的事情，即使在八月也是如此）可知选C。

第2题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Attheendofthefestivalmanyyoungfansfoundthemselvesbroke,withnomoneyleft,andtheyhaddifficultyingettingbackhome.（在节日结束时，许多年轻的粉丝发现自己破产了，没有钱，他们很难回家）可知D选项“变得身无分文”符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中EvenintheovercrowdedUnitedKingdomtherearelargetractsofopenun-spoiltcountry（即使在过于拥挤的英国，也有大片未被破坏的乡村地区）可知C选项“未开发的农村地区”符合题意。

第4题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中Here,thelong-distancewalkerandthenature-lovercanfindmuchtoenjoy,withoutfeelingdisturbedbylargenumbersoftheirfellows.（在这里，长距离步行者和大自然爱好者可以找到更多的乐趣，而不会受到大量同伴的打扰）可知B选项“享受长途步行”符合题意。

第5题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中Thecommonestthingnowadaysisforfamilygroupstomotorouttoabeautifulspotandparktheircarsinalay-by.（现在最常见的事情是，全家人一起开车去一个美丽的景点，把汽车停在路边的停车带）可知C选项“开车经过美丽的地方”符合题意。

8.填空题

Americahasthebestsystemofhighereducationintheworld.TheInstituteofHigherEducationatShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityrankstheworld’suniversitiesonaseriesofobjective（1）suchasthenumberofNobelprizesandarticlesonprestigiousjournals.17ofthetop20universitiesinthatlistareAmerican.Americanuniversities（2）employ70%oftheworld’sNobelprize-winners.Theyproduceabout30%oftheworld’s（3）ofarticlesonscienceandengineering,accordingtoasurvey（4）in2001，and44%ofthemostfrequentlycitedarticles.

WhyisAmericasosuccessful?Wealthclearlyhassomethingtodowithit.Americaspendsmorethantwiceasmuch（5）studentastheOECD（经合组织）average，andalumniandphilanthropists（慈善家）routinelyshoweruniversities（6）gold.Historyalsoplaysapart.Americanshavealwayshada（7）forhighereducation.ThePuritansestablishedHarvardCollegein1636,justtwo（8）aftertheyfirstarrivedinNewEngland.

ThemainreasonforAmerica’ssuccess,however,liesinorganization.Thefirstprincipleisthatthefederalgovernmentplaysa（9）part.Americadoesnothaveacentralplanforitsuniversities.Itdoesnottreatits（10）ascivilservants,as（11）FranceandGermany.Instead,universitieshaveawide（12）ofpatrons.Theacademiclandscapehasbeen（13）byrichbenefactorssuchasEzraCornell,CorneliusVanderbilt,JohnsHopkinsandJohnD.Rockefeller.

Thesecondprincipleiscompetition.Universitiescompetefor（14）,fromstudentstoprofessorstobasketball,stars.Professorscompeteforfederalresearch（15）.Studentscompeteforcollegescholarshipsorresearchfellowships.Thismeansthatsuccessfulinstitutionscannot（16）ontheirlaurels（成就）.

Thethirdprincipleisthatitisallrighttobeuseful.Americahasalways（17）universitiesasmorethanivorytowers.This（18）on“payingdividends”remainsa（19）featureofacademicculture.Americanhas（20）theartofforginglinksbetweenacademiaandindustry.Americanuniversitiesearnmorethan$1billionayearinroyaltiesandlicensefees,anddozensoperatetheirownventurefunds.

测试

【答案】1.criteria

2.currently

3.output

4.conducted

5.per

6.with

7.passion

8.decades

9.limited

10.academics

11.do

12.range

13.shaped

14.everything

15.grants

16.rest

17.regarded

18.emphasis

19.prominent

20.pioneered

【解析】1.由suchasthenumberofNobelprizesandarticlesonprestigiousjournals.如诺贝尔奖的数量和发表在著名期刊上的文章。可知这些都属于条件。

2.本句结构完整，句意：美国大学（）雇佣世界上70%的诺贝尔奖得主。

3.句意：科学家产出了世界上30%的关于科学和工程方面的学术文章，以及44%的经常被引用的文章。

4.conductasurvey做调查；句意：根据2001年的一项调查…

5.句意：美国花在每个学生身上的钱是经合组织平均水平的两倍多。

6.showerwith抛撒，大量给予；句意：校友和慈善家每年都会大量赠予资金。

7.haveapassionfor对…的强烈爱好；由下一句“清教徒在第一次到达新英格兰后于1636年建立哈佛大学”可知“美国人对高等教育有强烈爱好”。

8.此空需要填一个表示时间的名词。twodecades20年。

9.此空需填一个形容词，空前有不定冠词a修饰，故空格处所填形容词不以元音字母开头。再联系下文可知，对于美国的大学，不像法国和德国那样，美国政府并没有实行中央计划。所以美国高等教育成功的第一个原因就是联邦政府发挥了有限的作用。形容词中只有limited符合题意。

10.treat…ascivilservants将___看作公务员。由上一句可知“对于美国的大学，美国政府没有实行中央计划。”所以接着进一步说明，美国政府没有把美国大学看作是政府的公务员。

11.asdoFranceandGermany像法国和德国那样。句意：对于美国的大学，不像法国和德国那样，美国政府并没有一个实行中央计划。

12.haveawiderangeof有广泛的…。由下文可知有一些富有的捐赠者，故此空填range.

13.此空需填一个动词的过去分词，表被动。学术氛围被形成，故用shaped。

14.由空后的from…可知美国的大学对于一切都竞争。

15.此空需填一个名词，由federalresearch可推知是政府的研究补助金。句意：教授为获得政府的研究补助金而竞争。

16.reston停留在…。由上文可知美国的大学为一切而竞争，教授为获得补助金而竞争，学生为了奖学金而竞争，整个大学都是在不断地向前的一种状态。故这空总结道：这意味着成功的大学不能停留在这些成就上。

17.regard…as把…认作；句意：美国总是将大学看作不仅仅是象牙塔。

18.空后有介词on,空格处要填名词，只有emphasis合适。句意：这种强调取得好结果成为了…。

19.此空需填形容词，美国大学对取得好结果的关注成为了其学术文化的显著特色。

20.此空需填动词。句意：美国开创了在学术界和工业界建立联系的艺术。美国首先开创了这门艺术，故用pioneered。

9.单选题

Afterdoingoddjobsforaweek,hegota（

）positionasanoffice-boy.

问题1选项

A.permanent

B.sufficient

C.transparent

D.universal

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。permanent“永久的；不变的”；sufficient“足够的，充分的”；transparent“透明的”；universal“普遍的”。句意：做了一个星期临时工后，他得到了一份办公室固定的工作。选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

Herstrengthwasherabilityto（

）andinspireconfidenceratherthanfearinthepeopleshebefriended.

问题1选项

A.uncover

B.obtain

C.elicit

D.produce

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词辨析。uncover揭开，揭露；obtain:获得；elicit引起，引发；produce生产，产生。句意：她的优点是她有能力引发、鼓励朋友的信心而不是恐惧。选项C符合句意。

11.单选题

Studentswhogetveryhighmarkswillbe（）fromthefinalexamination.

问题1选项

A.expelled

B.banished

C.absolved

D.ousted

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。expel“驱逐，开除”；banish“流放，放逐”；absolve“宣布免除”；oust“剥夺，取代，驱逐”。句意：得高分的学生可免除期末考试。选项C符合题意。

12.单选题

Thetheoryof（

）wasdevelopedbyDarwinandisnowunderstoodbynearlyeverybodyintheworld.

问题1选项

A.determination

B.distribution

C.discipline

D.evolution

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。determination“决心”；distribution“分布”；discipline“学科；纪律”；evolution“演变，进化论”。句意：进化论由达尔文提出，现在几乎世界上每个人都知道这个理论。选项D符合题意。

13.单选题

Thepoliceare（）theprisoner’sstatementbyquestioningseveralwitnesses.

问题1选项

A.verifying

B.acknowledging

C.expressing

D.confessing

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项verify“核实；查证”；B选项acknowledge“承认；答谢；报偿”；C选项express“表达；快递”；D选项confess“承认；坦白；忏悔”。句意：警察通过询问几个证人来……囚犯的供词。证人的意义在于“核实”，因此A选项正确。

14.单选题

Thecorporationexpectsonly（）increasesinsalesnextyeardespiteayearlongefforttoreviveitsretailingbusiness.

问题1选项

A.modest

B.predictable

C.dynamic

D.expanding

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项modest“适度的，谦虚的”；B选项predictable“可预言的”；C选项dynamic“动态的，动力的，有活力的”；D选项expanding“扩大的，扩展的”。句意：尽管用过去一年的时间去努力恢复零售市场，但是公司仅仅期盼业绩（）增长即可。题干中的despite表转折，因此空格所填单词应该与despite所引导的句子产生的结果相反，正常情况下，付出了努力必然期盼有回报，所以这里应填与increase意思相反的词汇。因此A选项正确。

15.单选题

Hestillsuffersfromararetopicaldiseasewhichhe（）,whileworkingtoAfrica.

问题1选项

A.infected

B.incurred

C.contracted

D.infested

【答案】C

【解析】本题是动词辨析题。infected“感染”；incurred“招致；蒙受”，contracted“合同；感染；收缩”；infested“大批滋生”，根据句意可知这里是指“感染了某种病”，所以此处的动词要从infected和contracted之间来选择，infect这个动作的发出者是疾病，强调疾病的感染性；而contract强调的是人感染疾病，动作的发出者是人，此处强调的是人感染疾病，故正确答案为选项C。

16.单选题

Manycountrieshaveadoptedsystemsof（

）educationinordertopromotetheaveragelevelofeducation.

问题1选项

A.compulsory

B.cardinal

C.constrained

D.conventional

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项compulsory“义务的，必修的”；B选项cardinal“主要的，基本的”；C选项constrained“拘泥的，被强迫的”；D选项conventional“符合习俗的，传统的”，由关键词“education”可知空格部分意思应该为“义务的，规定必修的”，句意为：许多国家采取义务教育体系，以提高平均的教育水平。与选项A意思相符。

17.单选题

Astheydon’tyethaveaproventrackrecord,theircolleagueswillbe（）toentrustthemwithimportantprojects.

问题1选项

A.reluctant

B.redundant

C.relevant

D.resistant

【答案】A

【解析】句意:由于他们没有过去工作表现的记录,所以其他同事不愿意将重要的项目交给他们。

考查形容词辨析。Reluctant不情愿的,勉强的;redundant多余的,失业的,冗长的;relevant相关的,切题的;resistant反抗的,顽固的。因此A符合句意。

18.单选题

Inthe1970s,SaudiArabiaandotheroil-richstates

vastsumsofmoneythroughthesaleofoil.

问题1选项

A.assembled

B.accommodated

C.accumulated

D.appreciated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。assembled“装配，组合”；accommodated“安排，为……提供住宿”；accumulated“积累”；appreciated“欣赏”。句意：上世纪70年代，沙特阿拉伯和其他富油国家通过出售石油获得了巨额财富。选项C符合题意。

19.单选题

Ourvisualperceptiondependsonthereceptionofenergyreflectingorradiatingfromthatwhichwewishtoperceive.Ifoureyescouldreceiveandmeasureinfinitelydelicatesense-data,wecouldperceivetheworldwithinfiniteprecision.Thenaturelimitsofoureyeshave,ofcourse,beenextendedbymechanicalinstruments;telescopesandmicroscopes,forexample,expandourcapabilitiesgreatly.Thereis,however,anultimatelimitbeyondwhichnoinstrumentcantakeus:thislimitisimposedbyourinabilitytoreceivesense-datasmallerthanthoseconveyedbyanindividualquantumofenergy.Sincethesequantaarebelievedtobeindivisiblepackagesofenergyandsocannotbefurtherretied,wereachapointbeyondwhichfurtherresolutionoftheworldisnotpossible.Itislikeadrawingachildmightmakebystickingindivisiblediscsofcolorontoacanvas.

Wemightthinkthatwecouldavoidthislimitationbyusingquantawithextremelylongwavelengths;suchquantawouldbesufficientlysensitivetoconveyextremelydelicatesense-data.Andthesequantawouldbeuseful,aslongasweonlywantedtomeasureenergy,butacompletelyaccurateperceptionoftheworldwilldependalsoontheexactmeasurementofthelengthsandpositionsofwhatwewishtoperceive.Forthis,quantaofextremelylongwavelengthsareuseless.Tomeasurealengthaccuratelytowithinamillionthofaninch,wemusthaveameasuregraduatedinmillionthsofanfilch;ayardstickgraduatedininchesisuseless.Quantawithawavelengthofoneinchwouldbe,inasense,measuresthataregraduatedininches;Quantaofextremelylongwavelengthareuselessinmeasuringanythingexceptextremelylargedimensions.

Despitethesedifficulties,quantahaveimportanttheoreticalimplicationsforphysics.Itusedtobesupposedthat,intheobservationofnature,theuniversecouldbedividedintotwodistinctparts,aperceivingsubjectandaperceivedobjectInphysics,subjectandobjectweresupposedto:beentirelydistinct,sothatadescriptionofanypartoftheuniversewouldbeindependentoftheobserver.Thequantumtheory,however,suggestsotherwise,foreveryobservationinvolvesthepassageofacompletequantumfromtheobjecttothesubject,anditnowappearsthatthispassageconstitutesanimportantcouplingbetweenobserversandobserved.

Wecannolongermakeasharpdivisionbetweenthetwoinanefforttoobservenatureobjectively.Suchanattemptatobjectivitywoulddistortthecrucialinterrelationshipofobserverandobservedandobservedaspartsofasinglewhole.

But,everforscientists,itisonlyintheworldofatomsthatthisnewdevelopmentmakesanyappreciabledifferenceinfileexplanationofobservations.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Theauthorusestheanalogyofthechild’sdrawingattheendofthefirstparagraphprimarilyinorderto

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,quantawithanextremelylongwavelengthcannotbeusedtogivecompleteinformationaboutthephysicalworldbecausethey

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thequantumtheorycanbedistinguishedfromprevioustheoriesofphysicsbyits（

）.

问题1选项

A.discussaproblemthathinderspreciseperceptionoftheworld

B.pointouttheinadequaciesofaccepteduniteofmeasurement

C.criticizeattemptstodistinguishbetweenperceivingsubjectsandperceivedobjects

D.compareandcontrastrivalscientifichypothesesabouthowtheworldshouldbemeasuredandobserved.

问题2选项

A.illustratetheultimatelimitationintheprecisionofsense-dataconveyedbyquanta

B.showthesenseofhelplessnessscientistsfeelinthefaceofsignificantobservationalproblems

C.anticipatetheobjectionsofthosescientistswhobelievethatnoinstrumentalaidtoobservationisentirelyreliable

D.disparagethosescientistswhobelievethatmeasurementbymeansofquantaoffersanaccuratepictureoftheworld

问题3选项

A.existindependentlyofsense-data

B.aregraduatedonlyininches

C.cannotwithpresent-dayinstruments,beisolatedfromquantaofshorterwavelength

D.provideaninsufficientlyprecisemeansofmeasuringlengthandposition

问题4选项

A.insistenceonscrupulouslyprecisemathematicalformulations

B.understandingoftheinherentinterrelationshipofperceiverandperceived

C.recognitionoftheneedforsophisticatedinstrumentsofmeasurement

D.emphasisonsmall-scaleratherthanonlarge-scalephenomena

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据文章大意可知文章主要讲到了我们视觉感知的局限性阻碍人类精确感知世界的问题，随后由该问题引入极长波长量子的概念并加以讨论，所以这篇文章的主要目的是讨论阻碍人类精确感知世界的问题，所以A选项‘讨论一个阻碍对世界的精确认知的问题’正确；B选项“指出现行测量单位的不合理性”、C选项“对于将观察者与被观察物进行区分的行为进行批判”和D选项“比较不同的科学对于如何测量和观察世界的问题的不同假设”都只是文章中的细节部分。

2.推理判断题。文章在第一段的末尾运用了类比的修辞手法，要想找到作者以孩童作画作比的目的需要往回追溯，分析文章第一段的倒数二、三句“Thereis,however,anultimatelimitbeyondwhichnoinstrumentcantakeus:thislimitisimposedbyourinabilitytoreceivesense-datasmallerthanthoseconveyedbyanindividualquantumofenergy.S