考研考博-英语-安徽中医药大学考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽中医药大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Associalbeingswelivewithoureyesuponourreflection,buthaveno（）ofthetranquilityofthewatersinwhichweseeit.

问题1选项

A.warrant

B.obligation

C.assurance

D.certainty

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项warrant“根据，证明”，强调法律依据，确信无疑的证据；B选项obligation“职责，义务”；C选项assurance“保证，担保”；D选项certainty“必然，确实”。句意：作为社会上的人我们坚信眼见为实，但是没法保证我们所看到的一定就是真实的。选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

Manycountrieshavemadeitillegaltotalkintoahand-heldmobilephonewhiledriving.Butthelatestresearchprovidesfurtherconfirmationthatthedangerlieslessinwhatamotorist’shandsdowhenhetakesacallthaninwhattheconversationdoestohisbrain.Evenusinga“hands-free”devicecanimpairadriver’sattentiontoanalarmingextent.

MelinaKunaroftheUniversityofWarwickandToddHorowitzoftheHarvardMedicalSchoolranaseriesofexperimentsinwhichtwogroupsofvolunteershadtopayattentionandrespondtoaseriesofmovingtasksonacomputerscreenthatwerereckonedequivalentindifficultytodriving.Onegroupwasleftundistractedwhiletheotherhadtoengageinaconversationabouttheirhobbiesusingaspeakerphone.AsDr.KunarandDr.HorowitzreportinPsychonomicBulletin&Review,thosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecallhadanaveragereactiontime212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot.That,theycalculate,wouldadd5.7meterstothebrakingdistanceofacartravelingat100kph.Theyfoundthatthegroupusingthehands-freekitmade83percentmoreerrorsintheirtasksthanthosewhowerenottalking.

Dr.KunarandDr.Horowitzalsoexploredtheeffectofsimplylisteningtosomething—suchasaradioprogramme.ForthistheyplayedarecordingofthefirstchapterofBramStoker’s“Dracula.”Eventhoughthetestsubjectsweretoldtopayattentionbecausetheywouldbeaskedquestionsaboutthestoryafterwards,ithadlittleeffectontheirreactiontime.TheresearchledbyFrankDrewsoftheUniversityofUtahsuggeststhesamethingistrueoftheidlechatterofapassenger.Dr.Kunarreckonsthathavingtothinkaboutresponsesduringaphoneconversationcompetesforthebrain’sresourcesinawaythatlisteningtoamonologuedoesnot.

Punishingpeopleforusinghand-heldgadgetswhiledrivingisdifficultenough,eventhoughtheycanbeseenfromoutsidethecar.Stoppingpeoplemakinghands-freecallswouldprobablybeimpossible—especiallybecausemoreandmorevehiclesarenowbeingfittedwiththenecessaryequipmentasstandard.Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.Whoknows,theymightevencometoenjoynothavingtotakecalls.Andthey’llbemorelikelytoarriveinonepiece.

1.InKunarandHorowitz’sexperiments,thesubjectswhoperformedtaskswhiletalking（）.

2.AccordingtoFrankDrews,listeningtoapassengertalking（）.

3.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thelawforbiddingtheuseofhand-heldphoneswhendriving（）.

4.Thebesthopeofstoppingpeoplefromusinghands-freephoneslieswith（）.

5.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（）.

问题1选项

A.reactedmorequickly,butmademoremistakes

B.reactedmorequicklyandmadefewermistakes

C.reactedmoreslowlyandmademoremistakes

D.reactedmoreslowly,butmadefewermistakes

问题2选项

A.affectsdriversmorethanlisteningtoastory

B.affectsdriversmorethanaphoneconversation

C.haslesseffectonthedriversthanlisteningtoastory

D.haslesseffectonthedriversthanaphoneconversation

问题3选项

A.hasbeenfrequentlybroken

B.isnecessaryandfeasible

C.hasbeenstrictlyenforced

D.willarouseheateddebate

问题4选项

A.carmanufacturers

B.lawmakers

C.newtechnology

D.driversthemselves

问题5选项

A.callonlawmakerstomakestrictlawsontheuseofcellphones

B.informpeopleofthedangerofusingcellphoneswhiledriving

C.weighthebenefitsandharmsofusingcellphoneswhendriving

D.offersuggestionsfordriverswhousecellphoneswhiledriving

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.语义推测题。根据第二段第三句thosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecallhadanaveragereactiontime212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot（做了相当于接听免提电话的人跟没有做这个任务的人相比，平均反应时间慢了212毫秒）和第五句groupusingthehands-freekitmade83percentmoreerrorsintheirtasksthanthosewhowerenottalking（使用免提工具的那一组在任务中比那些没有说话的那一组多出83%的错），可知受干扰的那一组反应更慢，错误更多，故C反应更慢，错误更多正确。其他选项不符合题意。因此C选项正确。

2.语义推测题。根据第三段第三句theywouldbeaskedquestionsaboutthestoryafterwards,ithadlittleeffectontheirreactiontime（他们之后会被问到关于这个故事的问题，但这对他们的反应时间几乎没有影响）和第四句TheresearchledbyFrankDrewsoftheUniversityofUtahsuggeststhesamethingistrueoftheidlechatterofapassenger.（这项由犹他大学的弗兰克•德鲁斯领导的研究表明，乘客的闲聊也是如此。），可知听故事和听顾客讲话一样对司机几乎没有影响，A选项“比听故事更影响司机”和C选项“对司机的影响小于听故事”错误。根据第一题，可知电话交谈让司机反应变慢，犯错更多，因此B选项“比电话交谈更影响司机”错误，D选项“对司机影响小于电话交谈”正确。因此D选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据第四段第一句Punishingpeopleforusinghand-heldgadgetswhiledrivingisdifficult（惩罚开车时手握小工具的行为很难），可知不能严格禁止，C选项“被严格执行”错误。根据第二句Stoppingpeoplemakinghands-freecallswouldprobablybeimpossible（不可能阻止人们使用免提电话），可知禁止开车时使用不可行，B选项“必要且可行”错误。根据第三句Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.（劝诫人们在开车时关机也许是唯一的解决之道。），结合全文内容，可知很多人在开车时打电话，法律限制不了，只能劝诫，故A选项“经常被打破”正确。D选项“将引起激烈辩论”没有提到。因此A选项正确。

4.语义推测题。根据第四段第三句Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.（劝诫人们在开车时关机也许是唯一的解决之道。），可知最大希望是D选项“司机自己”，故D选项正确。A选项“汽车制造商”：根据第二句Stoppingpeoplemakinghands-freecallswouldprobablybeimpossible—especiallybecausemoreandmorevehiclesarenowbeingfittedwiththenecessaryequipmentasstandard（不可能阻止人们使用免提电话——尤其是现在越来越多的车辆都配备了必要的标准设备。），可知汽车制造商甚至加剧了问题。B选项“立法者”：法律不能发挥作用。C选项“新技术”：文章没有提到。因此D选项正确。

5.主旨大意题。文章通过各种实验说明不同活动对开车的影响，点出使用手机打电话影响最大，最后一段说唯一能够规避这种情况的就是司机自己，可知本文目的是D选项“为开车时使用手机的司机提供建议”，故D选项正确。A选项“呼吁立法者对手机的使用制定严格的法律”不符合文章观点。B选项“告诉人们开车时使用手机的危险”没有特别提出；C选项“权衡开车时使用手机的好处和坏处”没有讲到好处。因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftherenewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughoutEurope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearningandidealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohumanasopposedtospiritual-values.Fulfillmentinlife—asopposedtoconcernaboutanafterlife—becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.

Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,discussed,anddisseminateD.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebeingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic—althoughtheycouldreadthewritingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandliterature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyusingthewordeventuallyinPara.1?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof___.

4.Accordingtothepassage,RenaissanceartistsandwritershadallofthefollowingintentionsEXCEPT___.

5.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonfortheabsenceofasingleRenaissancemusicalstyle?

问题1选项

A.ThemusicalcompositionsthatbestillustratethedevelopmentsduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

B.ThemusicaltechniquesthatwereinuseduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

C.TheEuropeanRenaissanceasaculturaldevelopmentthatincludedchangesinmusicalstyle

D.TheancientGreekandRomanmusicalpracticesusedduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

问题2选项

A.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”aftertheotherhistoriansdid

B.Thatmostmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”

C.Theterm“Renaissance”becamewidelyusedbyarthistoriansbutnotbymusichistorians

D.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”verydifferentlythanithadbeenusedbyJulesMichelet

问题3选项

A.communicationamongartistsacrossEurope

B.spiritualityineverydaylife

C.aculturalemphasisonhumanvalues

D.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes

问题4选项

A.tousereligiousthemes

B.toportrayonlythepleasantpartsofhumanexperience

C.toproduceartthatpeoplewouldfindattractive

D.tocreateworksthatwereeasilyunderstood

问题5选项

A.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle

B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshorttogiverisetoanewmusicalstyle

C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekandRomanmusicians

D.DuringtheRenaissance,musicneverremainedthesameforverylong

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章尾段第一句“ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.”，中文翻译为：欧洲音乐复兴与其说是一套特定的音乐技巧，不如说是一场普遍的文化运动和一种精神状态。可以判断C选项“欧洲文艺复兴是一种包括音乐风格变化在内的文化发展。”正确。

2.推理判断题。由题干关键字“eventually”可以定位到原文第一段“Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.”，中文翻译为：1855年，历史学家朱尔斯•米歇莱(JulesMichelet)在他的《法国历史》中首次使用了这个词，随后被文化历史学家、艺术历史学家和音乐历史学家采用，所有这些历史学家都在1450-1600年的150年间将其应用于欧洲文化。关键词“eventually”意为“最后；终于”因此可知A选项：音乐历史学家在其他历史学家之后才使用“文艺复兴”这个词正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干关键词“thatthinkersoftheRenaissance”可定位到原文第一段“Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohumanasopposedtospiritual-values.”，中文翻译为：对这些学者来说，这意味着回归人类，而不是灵魂价值。判断C选项“对人类价值的文化强调”正确。

4.细节事实题。A选项“使用宗教主题”，C选项“创作出人们会觉得有吸引力的艺术作品”以及D选项“创作容易理解的作品”可定位到原文第二段“Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.”，中文翻译为：艺术家和作家现在转向世俗和宗教题材，力求使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人。可知B选项“只描绘人类经历中令人愉快的部分”未提及，符合题意。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文尾段“Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.”，中文翻译为：此外，音乐在这一个半世纪里变化如此之快，尽管在不同的国家以不同的速度变化——我们不能定义一个单一的文艺复兴风格。判断出D选项“在文艺复兴时期，音乐从未长时间保持不变。”正确。

4.单选题

SomeAfricanAmericanshavehadaprofoundimpactonAmericansociety,changingmanypeople’sviewsonrace,historyandpolitics.ThefollowingisasamplingofAfricanAmericanswhohaveshapedsocietyandtheworldwiththeirspiritandtheirideals.

MuhammadAliCassiusMarcellusClaygrewupadevoutBaptistinLouisville,Kentucky,learningtofightatage12afterapoliceofficersuggestedhelearntodefendhimself.Sixyearslater,hewasanOlympicboxingchampion,goingontowinthreeworldheavyweighttitles.Hebecameknownasmuchforhisswagger（趾高气扬）outsidetheringashismovementinit,convertingtoIslamin1965,changinghisnametoMuhammadAliandrefusingtojointheU.S.Armyonreligiousgrounds.AliremainedpopularafterhisathleticcareerendedandhedevelopedParkinson’sdisease,evenlightingtheOlympictorchatthe1996AtlantaOlympicsandconveyingthepeacefulvirtuesofIslamfollowing

theSeptember11terroristattacks.

W.E.B.DuBoisBomWilliamEdwardBurghardtDuBoisin1868,thisMassachusettsnativewasoneofthemostprominent,prolificintellectualsofhistime.Anacademic,activistandhistorian,DuBoisco-foundedtheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP),edited“TheCrisis”magazineandwrote17books,fourjournalsandmanyotherscholarlyarticles.Inperhapshismostfamouswork,“TheSoulsofBlackFolk,”publishedin1903,hepredicted“theproblemof20thcenturywouldbetheproblemofthecolor-line.’’

MartinLutherKingJr.TheRev.MartinLutherKingJr.isconsideredoneofthemostpowerfulandpopularleadersoftheAmericancivilrightsmovement.Hespearheaded(带头，做先锋)amassive,nonviolentinitiativeofmarches,sit-ins,boycottsanddemonstrationsthatprofoundlyaffectedAmericans’attitudestowardracerelations.HewasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizein1964.

MalcolmXBlackleaderMalcolmXspokeoutabouttheconceptsofraceprideandblacknationalismintheearly1960s.Hedenouncedtheexploitationofblackpeoplebywhitesanddevelopedalargeanddedicatedfollowing,whichcontinuedevenafterhisdeathin1965.Interestintheleader

surgedagainafterSpikeLee’s1992movie“MalcolmX”wasreleased.

JackieRobinsonIn1947,JackieRobinsonbrokethecolorbarrierbyjoiningtheBrooklynDodgers,becomingthefirstblackbaseballplayerintheU.S.majorleagues.Afterretirementfrombaseballin1957,heremainedactiveincivilrightsandyouthactivities.In1962,hebecamethefirstAfrican-AmericantobeinductedintotheBaseballHallofFame.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutMuhammadAli?

2.Theitalicizedword“prolific”(Line2,Para.3)issynonymousto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

4.Whatiscommonamongthecelebritiesmentionedinthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeatitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Heneverservedinthearmy.

B.Helearnedtofightatanearlyage.

C.Hispopularitydecreasedafterhisretirementfromboxing.

D.Helovespeace.

问题2选项

A.smart

B.skilled

C.productive

D.pioneering

问题3选项

A.W.E.B.DuBoiswasengagedinthecauseofpromotingthestatusofcoloredpeople.

B.JackieRobinsonwasdeniedbyU.S.majorbaseballleaguesthroughouthislife.

C.MartinLutherKingJr.washighlyawardedforhiscontributionstothecivilrightsmovements.

D.MalcolmXdirectlyorindirectlyinspiredinterestinleadershipevenafterhisdeath.

问题4选项

A.Eachachievedenormoussuccessinhis/herfieldandwashighlyrecognized.

B.Eachwasdevotedtohis/hercausebutdidn’twinrecognitionuntildeath.

C.Allwereactiveandfamousinseveralfieldsintheirlifetime.

D.Alllovedpeaceandremainedactiveincivilrightsactivities.

问题5选项

A.LifeofFamousAfricanAmericans

B.InfluenceofFamousAfricanAmericans

C.PoliticalPioneers:IconsandIntellectuals

D.CulturalPioneers:IconsandIntellectuals

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节判断题。原文第二段尾句指出Aliremainedpopularafterhisathleticcareerended(Ali在运动生涯结束后仍然很受欢迎)。C选项说从拳击退役后，他的声望下降了,与原文不符。

2.语义题。Prolific形容intellectuals,原文第三段第二句wrote17books,fourjournalsandmanyotherscholarly

articles可知，这里要表达的是“丰富的才能,足智多谋”，productive最相符。

3.细节判断题。根据题干定位到Jackie段落，JackieRobinsonbrokethecolorbarrier...firstblackbaseballplayer(JackieRobinson打破了肤色障碍,成为第一个黑人棒球运动员)。B选项与此不符。

4.细节归纳题。文中提到的每个名人在其领域都取得了巨大的成就并且被高度认可。

5.主旨大意题。本文只介绍了一些非裔美国人在政治和文化方面的生平事迹，但是并没有着重于他们带来的影响。

5.单选题

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareaisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties,however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicalhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessionandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak.TheU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneofprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotive-assemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts—aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.

Morerecently,whileexaminehousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry’swork.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavetosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld'sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivitytotheforestedfuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn’tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoorcountries______.

2.Itisstatedinparagraph1thatconstructionofaneweducationsystem_____.

3.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.S.workforcesisthat_____.

4.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestorstoshowthateducationemerged_____.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation_____.

问题1选项

A.issubjectgroundlessdoubts

B.hasfallenvictimofbias

C.isconventionaldowngraded

D.hasbeenoverestimated

问题2选项

A.requiressufficientlaborforce

B.takeseffortsofgenerations

C.demandspriorityfromthegovernment

D.challengeseconomistsandpoliticians

问题3选项

A.theU.S.workforceismoreorganized

B.theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined

C.theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive

D.theU.S.workforcehasabettereducation

问题4选项

A.asaresultofpressureongovernment

B.whenpeoplenolongerwenthunting

C.whenpeoplehadenoughtime

D.priortobetterwaysoffindingfood

问题5选项

A.followsimprovedproductivity

B.resultsdirectlyfromcompetitiveenvironments

C.doesnotdependoneconomicperformance

D.cannotaffordpoliticalchanges

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。寻找句内线索，定位到文章第一段第二三句话…however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.“……然而，传统观点认为教育应该是促进贫穷国家经济快速发展的首要任务之一，这种观点是错误的。我们很幸运，因为在那里建立新的教育系统，并让足够多的人通过这些系统来改善经济表现，需要两三代人的努力”，从这句可知很多人都会认为不发达国家要想获得快速发展就的通过发展教育来达成，但事实是仅仅是新的教育体系发展起来都得需要经历两到三代人的努力才能实现，达不到快速这个目标，所以教育的作用是被高估了的，所以答案选D“被高估了”。

A选项“受到无端质疑”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

B选项“变成了偏见的受害者”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

C选项“通常被贬低”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

2.事实细节题。定位到第一段第三句话Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.“我们很幸运，因为在那里建立新的教育系统，并让足够多的人通过这些系统来改善经济表现，需要两三代人的努力”，从这里可知答案选B“需要几代人的努力”；

A选项“需要足够的劳动力”，第一段没有提及，属于无中生有；

C选项“要求政府放在首位”，定位到第一段第二句话…however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.“……然而，传统观点认为教育应该是促进贫穷国家经济快速发展的首要任务之一，这种观点是错误的”，这里只是提到人们会下意识的认为要把教育放在第一位，与题目描写的新教育体系的建立无关，这里属于出处错误；

D选项“挑战经济学家和政治家”，定位到第一段第一句Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike“在贫穷国家，正规教育和经济增长之间的关系被经济学家和政治家们广泛误解”，这说的是经济学和政治学家的一种误解，与题目描写的新教育体系的建立无关所以不选，这里属于出处错误。

3.事实细节题，定位到第二段倒数第一句话YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts“然而，研究显示，本田、尼桑和丰田的美国工厂的生产率达到了日本同行的95%左右”，从这里可以知道，虽然美国工人能够达到日本工人95%的生产率但是日本工人的生产效率还是高一些的，所以C选项“日本的劳动力效率更高”。

A选项“美国的劳动力更有组织”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有；

B选项“日本的劳动力更有纪律性”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有；

D选项“美国劳动力有更好的教育”，定位到第二段第三句话TheU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducated…“美国的劳动力被嘲笑为受教育程度低……”从这里可知，D选项错误，属于反向干扰。

4.判断推理题。由题干关键词定位到倒数第二段倒数第二句“Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood（一万年前，当我们的祖先还是猎人和采集者时，除了寻找食物，他们没有时间思考其他事情）”，这个“其他事情”指向定位句的上一句“Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted（毕竟，教育就是这样开始的）”，此处说的就是教育的出现需要一个很重要的条件“时间”。因此C选项“当人们有了足够时间时”符合题意。

A选项“这是政府压力的结果”来自于倒数第二段“evenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit（即使政府不强迫）”，但是这并非说明政府压迫是导致教育出现的原因，本段说的是“经济发展与教育的关系”，属于偷换概念。

B选项“当人们不再去打猎”同样来自倒数第二句“ourancestorswerehunters”，但这里是说，由于需要寻找食物，才没有时间去思考其他事情，并未提及不再打猎这个条件，属于偷换概念。

D选项“教育先于更好的寻找食物的方法出现”来自倒数第二段最后一句“Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings（只有当人类开始以更有效的方式获取食物时，才有时间做其他事情）”，因此“betterwaysoffindingfoods”应先出现，才有教育的可能性，属于曲解原文。

5.判断推理题。根据题干定位到最后一段第一二句Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.“随着教育的改善，人类的生产力潜力也在增加。当竞争环境推动我们的祖先发挥这种潜力时，他们反过来也能负担得起更多的教育”，从这里可知，教育能够提高生产力潜能，当潜能被竞争激发出来生产率提高时，反过来又可以提高教育水平，所以答案选A选项“随着提高的生产率而来”；

B选项“直接来自竞争环境的结果”，属于反向干扰，竞争激发生产潜能然后再有助于教育提高，不是直接参与教育的发展；

C选项“不依赖于经济表现”，定位到最后一段第三句Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.（对于先进的经济表现所要求的复杂的政治制度来说，教育水平的日益提高可能是必要的，但不是充分的条件），教育发展是依赖于复杂政治制度的必要不充分条件，所以说教育的发展不能推动政治的发展，而政治的发展可以推动教育的发展，从文章可以看出而政治的发展依赖于经济表现，所以可以说教育的发展依赖于经济表现，所以C选项错误；

D选项“无法承受政治变革”，定位到第四段第四句Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.（因此，如果没有政治变革，穷国可能无法摆脱贫困陷阱，而政治变革只有通过更广泛的正规教育才能实现），这里没有提及政治变革对教育的影响只讲看教育对政治变革的影响，所以D选项属于曲意理解。

6.单选题

TheSpanishteam,whoarenotinsuperbform,willbedoingtheirbestnextweektorevengethemselvesontheGermanteamforlastyear’sdefeat.

问题1选项

A.retaliate

B.recover

C.repel

D.defend

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项retaliate“报复”；B选项recover“恢复；弥补；重新获得”；C选项repel“击退；抵制；使厌恶；使不愉快”；D选项defend“辩护；防护”。句意：目前状态不佳的西班牙队将在下周全力以赴，为去年的失利向德国队报仇。结合此处关键词revenge“报复；替……报仇；洗雪”，得知A选项正确。

7.单选题

Recently,CongressionalDemocratsintroducedlegislationtomakeiteasierforolderworkerstowinagediscriminationlawsuits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Inrecenttenyears,15.79percentofcasesbroughttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,weredescribedatsuccessfulclaims.WhilethisnumberissmallgiventhenumberofworkerscoveredbytheAgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,many,ifnotmost,instancesofagediscriminationareneversued,andcasesofhiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected.

Mostofthosewhodosuearewhite,malemiddle-mangerswhoarelikelytohavelostasizeablesalaryandpension.Forthemostpart,othergroupsdonotsuebecausethecostsofalawsuitoutweighthepotentialbenefits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Thereisstrongexperimentalevidenceforagediscriminationinhiringatleastforentryleveljobs.Recently,IperformedalabormarketexperimentinBostoninwhichIsentoutthousandsofresumesforfictitious(虚构的)entrylevelfemalecandidatesandmeasuredresponseratebasedondateofhighschoolgraduation.Amongthisgroup,youngerapplicants,whosedateofhighschoolgraduationindicatedthattheywerelessthan50yearsold,were40percentmoreliketobecalledbackforaninterviewthanwereolderapplicants.

Itisdifficulttotellwhetheremploymentproblemsareworseforolderworkerthatforotherworkerswhentimesarebad.Thenumberofdiscriminationlawsuitsincreasesduringtimesofhighunemployment,butthisfindingbyitselfdoesnotindicateanincreasedlevelofagediscrimination.Intimesofhigherunemployment,theopportunitycosttoalawsuitislowerthanitiswhentimesaregood.

Fromtheemployer’sperspective,masslayoffsmayseemlikeagoodchancetoremoveahigherproportionofgenerallymoreexpensiveolderworkerswithouttheworryofbeingsued.Ontheotherhand,employersmaybelesslikelytoremoveprotectedolderworkersbecausetheystillfearlawsuits.Onethingwedoknowisthatonceanolderworkerlosesajob,heorsheismuchlesslikelytofindanewjobthanayoungerworkeris.

Unfortunately,