考研考博-英语-山东师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

AbrahamLincolninsistedthat（

）notjustonmereopinionbutonmoralpurpose.

问题1选项

A.tobasedemocracy

B.democracybebased

C.fordemocracytobebasedon

D.wheneverdemocracyisbased

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。当句中谓语动词为表示命令、建议、要求等词汇时，从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可省略。故B项正确。句意：奥巴马林肯坚称民主不能仅仅建立在意念上，而应该建立在道德目的上。

2.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.

Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.

【答案】我们所遇到的几乎所有重要问题都涉及到人的行为，而且仅靠物理技术和生物技术是无法解决这些问题的。我们所需要的是一种行为技术，但是可能产生这种技术的科学一直发展缓慢。难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。物理学和生物学一度模仿类似的做法并且只有当它们抛弃这些做法后才得到发展。行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。

3.单选题

Theband______andwerebeginningtothrowtheirinstrumentdown.

问题1选项

A.brokedown

B.brokeoff

C.brokerank

D.brokeout

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项brokedown“（关系的）破裂”；B选项brokeoff“（折断）脱落；突然停止”；C选项brokerank“打破等级”；D选项brokeout“爆发”。句意：乐队闹翻解体，开始扔掉乐器。根据语境，乐队中的成员扔掉乐器，停止弹奏音乐，是因为成员之间关系破裂，A选项brokedown“（关系的）破裂”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

4.翻译题

1.NaggingconcernsabouttheglobaleconomicdownturnandrisingunemploymentareforcingmanyyoungBritonstothinktwiceabouttyingtheknotthisyear,athink-tanksaidonSaturday.

Almost80percentofyoungBritishcoupleslivingtogetherwanttogetmarried,thethinktankCivitassaid,butwouldreconsidertheirweddingplansduetoincreasingjoblossesascompaniescutcostsandlayoffworkers.

2.“Astherecessionbitesit’sgoingtobeharderforpartnerstomakethatcommitment—withoutfinancialstabilityandjobstheywon’thavetheconfidencetosay‘Ido’,”thedirectoroffamilyandeducationatCivitas,said.

Thestudy,whichsurveyed1,560adultsagedbetween20to35,alsofoundthatfor50percentofthepeoplemakingacommitmentwasthemostThestudy,whichsurveyed1,560adultsagedbetween20to35,alsofoundthatfor50percentofthepeoplemakingacommitmentwasthemostimportantreasontogetmarried,andonlytwopercentconsideredmarriagefortaxadvantages.

“Ifmyboyfriendaskedmenow,thenIwouldstillsay‘yes’,butIwouldn’twastemymoneyforahigh-profilewedding,”JennyBrown,anemployeeworksinLondon’scentralfinancialdistrict.

ButDeWaalsaidtherecessionwouldhaveaseriousimpactonplanningalifetogether.

“Thisisnotaboutbeingabletoaffordafancyweddingdressfor10,000poundsornot.”

3.ABritishSocialAttitudessurveyinJanuaryfoundthatyoungpeopleshowedalesstraditionalattitudetowardsmarriageandwouldputtheircareersfirst.

About40percentofpeopleagedbetween18to34saidmarriagewasstillthe“bestkindofrelationship,”comparedwith84percentofpeopleaged65andover,itsaid.

【答案】1.英国一家智库机构上周六称，对全球经济衰退的担忧和不断上升的失业率让英国很多年轻人不得不重新考虑结婚计划。

2.Civitas家庭和教育事务主管阿纳斯塔西娅•德瓦尔说：“受经济衰退的影响，下决心结婚也将变得更加困难，没有稳定的收入和工作，人们没有信心说‘我愿意’”。

3.今年1月开展的一项“英国社会态度”调查发现，年轻人对婚姻的态度已经不那么传统了，他们倾向于将职业发展放在首位。

5.单选题

Numerousstudiesshowthatthebenefitsoflearninganotherlanguageincludegreatermentalflexibility,creativity,divergentthinkingandhigher-orderthinkingskills.

问题1选项

A.different

B.specialized

C.convergent

D.independent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。divergent在句中是“分散的，不同的”，A选项different“不同的”；B选项specialized“专门的”；C选项convergent“汇聚的”；D选项independent“独立的”。句意：大量研究表明，学习另一种语言的好处包括更大的思维灵活性、创造性、发散性思维和高阶思维能力。因此A项符合句意。

6.单选题

（

）mylossesintradethisyear,yoursarenothing.

问题1选项

A.Comparingwith

B.Comparedwith

C.Tocomparewith

D.Comparewith

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语用法。句意：和我今年的损失比起来你，你的不算什么。这里因为没有连词不能连接两套主谓结构，所以选项D排除。主句的主语是yours（你的损失），这个主语不是人不能够主动去做compare“比较”这个动作，所以要用被动语态，因此排除A、C，答案选B。

7.单选题

It’nosecretweareacultureconsumedbyimage.Economisthavelongrecognizedwhat’sbeendubbedthe“beautypremium’’--theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.Handsomemenearn,onaverage,5percentmorethantheirless-attractivecounterparts(good-lookingwomenearn4percentmore);prettypeoplegetmoreattentionfromteachers,bosses,andmentors;evenbabiesstarelongeratgood-lookingfaces(andwestarelongeratgood-lookingbabies).Acoupleofdecadesago,whentheeconomywasthriving,wemighthavebrushedoffthosestatisticsassuperficial.Butin2010,there’sagrowingbundleofresearchtoshowthatourbiasagainsttheunattractiveismorepervasivethanever.Andwhenitcomestotheworkplace,it’slooks,notmerit,thatalltoooftenrule.

Newsweeksurveyed202corporatehiringmanagers,fromhuman-resourcesstafftosenior-levelvicepresidents,aswellas964membersofthepublic,onlytoconfirmwhatnoqualified(orunqualified)employeewantstoadmit:fromhiringtoofficepoliticstopromotions,even,lookinggoodisnolongersomethingwecandismissasfrivolousorvain.Fifty-sevenpercentofhiringmanagerssaidqualifiedblitunattractivecandidatesarelikelytohaveahardertimelandingajob,whilemorethanhalfadvisedspendingasmuchtimeandmoneyon“makingsuretheylookattractive”asonperfectingaresume.Askedtorankemployeeattributesinorderofimportance,meanwhile,managersplacedlooksaboveeducation:ofninecharactertraits,itcameinthird,belowexperience(No.l)andconfidence(No.2)butabove‘‘whereacandidatewenttoschool”(No.4).DoesthatmeanyoushoulddropoutofHarvardandinvestinanosejob?Probablynot.Butastateschoolmightbejustasmarketable.“Thisisthenewrealityofthejobmarket,”saysoneNewYorkrecruiter.“It’sbettertobeaverageandgood-lookingthanbrilliantandunattractive.

Today’sworkingwomenhaveachieved“equality”:theydominatetheworkforce,theyarehouseholdbreadwinners,andtheybalkathavingtosubverttheirsexuality,whetherintheboardroomoronthebeach.Yetwhiletheoutside-workmilieumightaccepttheempoweredyetfeminineideal,theworkplacesurelydoesnot.Studiesshowthatunattractivewomenremainatadisadvantageinlow-levelpositionslikesecretary,whileinupper-levelfieldsthatarehistoricallymale-dominated,good-lookingwomencansufferaso-calledbimboeffect.Theyareviewedastoofeminine,lessintelligent,andlesscompetent—notonlybymenbutalsobytheirfemalepeers.

1.The“beautypremium”calledbyeconomistsmeansthat（

）.

2.Whathaveresearchesin2010provedwhenitcomestoworkplace?

3.WhatcanwelearnfromthesurveyconductedbyNewsweek?

4.Whatcanwelearnabouttoday'sworkingwomen?

5.Whatis“bimboeffect”accordingtothelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.beautifulpeopleperformbetterintheirjob

B.agoodimageisveryimportantinlandingajob

C.goodlooksensuresuccessinalmosteveryaspect

D.peopleshouldinvestmoneyandtimetobebetterlooking

问题2选项

A.itissuperficialtoattachimportancetophysicalappearance.

B.itiscommontoprefertheattractiveandhaveabiasagainsttheunattractive.

C.Itisthegeneralruletovaluebeautifullooksmorethanmerit.

D.Itislooksratherthanabilitythatplayacriticalrole.

问题3选项

A.Aperfectresumedoesnotmatterinhuntingajob.

B.Beautifulpeopletendtobemoreself-confident.

C.Beautyisanadvantageforanyonewithanyeducation.

D.Cosmeticsurgeryissuggestedtomakepeoplemorecompetitive.

问题4选项

A.Theyareenslavedbyridiculousbeautystandards.

B.Theymakeupafractionoftheworkplace.

C.Theyareconfinedtobetheroleofofficetoy.

D.Theyareunwillingtosubverttheirsexuality.

问题5选项

A.Theideathatwomenareatadisadvantageinworkplaces

B.Thebiasthatbeautifulwomenarefrivolousorvain.

C.Thenotionthatbeautifulwomenarenotintelligentorcompetent.

D.Theprejudicethatwomenshoulddojobsoflow-levelpositions

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键词“beautypremium”定位到第一段第二句“theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.漂亮的人，不管他们的志向是什么，几乎在所有事情上都会做得更好。”选项C符合原文。

2.判断推理题。根据时间点“2010”定位倒第一段最后一句“Butin2010,there’sagrowingbundleofresearchtoshowthatourbiasagainsttheunattractiveismorepervasivethanever.Andwhenitcomestotheworkplace,it’slooks,notmerit,thatalltoooftenrule.但在2010年，越来越多的研究表明，我们对相貌平平的偏见比以往任何时候都更加普遍。而在工作中，往往是外表而不是能力决定一切。”选项A在文中没有提及；选项C相对于选项B和D来说更加准确，因此本题选C。

3.判断推理题。根据关键词“Newsweek”定位到第二段第一句“《新闻周刊》调查了202名企业人事部经理，从人力资源的员工到高级副总裁，以及964名公众，只是为了确认不合格员工想要承认的事情：从招聘到办公室争斗再到晋升，实际上，看上去不错不再是我们认为无价值的或者无用的而不予考虑。”选项A和B在文中没有提及；选项D明显错误；所以只有选项C正确。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第一句“Today’sworkingwomenhaveachieved“equality”:theydominatetheworkforce,theyarehouseholdbreadwinners,andtheybalkathavingtosubverttheirsexuality,whetherintheboardroomoronthebeach.今天的职业女性已经实现了“平等”：她们在劳动力中占据优势；她们是家庭的经济支柱；她们因为不得不颠覆性别而畏畏缩缩，不管是在会议室还是在海滩上。”也就是说，她们是不愿意颠覆自己的性别的。选项D符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段最后一句“Theyareviewedastoofeminine,lessintelligent,andlesscompetent—notonlybymenbutalsobytheirfemalepeers.她们被认为太女性化、不够聪明、不够能干——不仅是男性，她们的女性同龄人也这么认为。”选项C符合原文。

8.单选题

Humansareuniquelysmartamongalltheotherspeciesontheplanet.Wearecapableofoutstandingfeatsoftechnologyandengineering.Thenwhyarewesopronetomakingmistakes?Andwhydowetendtomakethesameonestimeandtimeagain?WhenPrimatePsychologistLaurieSantosformtheComparativeCognitionLabatYaleUniversityposedthisquestiontoherteam,theywerethinkinginparticularoftheerrorsofjudgmentwhichledtotherecentcollapseofthefinancialmarkets.Santoscametotwopossibleanswerstothisquestion.Eitherhumanshavedesignedenvironmentswhicharetoocomplexforustofullyunderstand,orwearebiologicallypronetomakingbaddecisions.

Inordertotestthesetheories,theteamselectedagroupofBrownCapuchinmonkeys.Monkeyswereselectedforthetestbecause,asdistantrelativesofhumans,theyareintelligentandhavethecapacitytolearn.However,theyarenotinfluencedbyanyofthetechnologicalorculturalenvironmentswhichaffecthumandecision-making.TheteamwantedtotestwhethertheCapuchinmonkeys,whenputintosimilarsituationsashumans,wouldmakethesamemistakes.

Ofparticularinteresttothescientistswaswhethermonkeyswouldmakethesamemistakeswhenmakingfinancialdecisions.Inordertofindout,theyhadtointroducethemoneystomoney.Themonkeyssooncottonedon,andaswellaslearningsimpleexchangetechniques,weresoonabletodistinguish“bargains”—Ifoneteam—memberofferedtwograpesinexchangeforametaldiscandanotherteam-memberofferedonegrape,themonkeyschosethetwo-grapeoption.Interestingly,whenthedateaboutthemonkey’spurchasingstrategieswascomparedwitheconomist’sdataonhumanbehaviour,therewasasperfectmatch.

So,afterestablishingthatthemonkeymarketwasoperatingeffectively,theteamdecidedtointroducesomeproblemswhichhumansgenerallygetwrong.Oneoftheseissuesisrisk-taking.Imaginethatsomeonegaveyou$1000.Inadditiontothis$1000,youcanreceiveeitherA）anadditional$500orB）someonetossesacoinandifitlands“heads”youreceiveanadditional$1000,butifitlands“tails”youreceivenomoremoney.Oftheseoptions,mostpeopletendtochooseoptionA.Theypreferguaranteedearnings,ratherthanrunningtheriskofreceivingnothing.Nowimagineasecondsituationinwhichyouaregiven$2000.Now,youcanchoosetoeitherA）lose$500,leavingyouwithatotalof$1500,orB）tossacoin;ifitland“heads”youlosenothing,butifitlands“tails”youlose$1000,leavingyouwithonly$1000.Interestingly,whenwestandtolosemoney,wetendtochoosethemoreriskychoice,optionB.Andasweknowfromtheexperienceoffinancialinvestorsandgamblers,itisunwisetotakeriskswhenweareonalosingstreak.

Sowouldthemonkeysmakethesamebasicerrorofjudgment?Theteamputthemtothetestbygivingthemsimilaroptions.Inthefirsttest,monkeyshadtheoptionofexchangingtheirdiscforonegrapeandreceivingonebonusgrape,orexchangingthegrapeforonegrapeandsometimesreceivingtwobonusgrapesandsometimesreceivingnobonus.Itturnedoutthatmonkeys,likehuman,chosethelessriskyoptionintimesofplenty.Thentheexperimentwasreversed.Monkeyswereofferedtheregrapes,butinoptionAwereonlyactuallygiventwograpes.InoptionB,theyhadafifty-fiftychanceofreceivingallthreegrapesoronegrapeonly.Theresultswerethatmonkeys,likehumans,takemorerisksintimesofloss.

Theimplicationsofthisexperimentarethatbecausemonkeysmakethesameirrationaljudgementsthathumansdo,maybehumanerrorisnotaresultofthecomplexityofourfinancialinstitutions,butisimbeddedinourevolutionaryhistory.Itthisisthecase,ourerrorsofjudgementwillbeverydifficulttoovercome.Onamoreoptimisticnotehowever,humansarefullycapableofovercominglimitationsoncewehaveidentifiedthem.Byrecognisingthem,wecandesigntechnologieswhichwillhelpustomakebetterchoicesinfuture.

1.Whatwastheaimoftheexperimentoutlinedabove?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthebestparaphraseofthehighlightedsentence?Onamoreoptimisticnotehowever,humansarefullycapableofovercominglimitationsoncewehaveidentifiedthem.

3.Thewords“cottonedon“areclosestinmeaningto（）.

4.Whichparagraphaddresseswhymoneyswerechosenfortheexperiment?

5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutLaurieSantos?

问题1选项

A.Toinvestigatewhethermonkeyscouldlearntousemoney.

B.Toinvestigatewherehumanmistakescomefrom.

C.Tofindoutwhetheritisbettertotakerisksintimesofloss.

D.Todeterminewhethermonkeysmakemoremistakesthanhumans.

问题2选项

A.Hopefully,humanswillsoonbeabletosolvetheseproblems.

B.Fortunately,humanscansolveproblemsthatweknowabout.

C.Luckily,humansdonothavemanylimitationswhichhavebeenidentified.

D.Wearehappytonotethatwecansolvetheproblemwhichwehaveidentified.

问题3选项

A.learnt

B.knew

C.completed

D.concluded

问题4选项

A.Paragraph2

B.Paragraph3

C.Paragraph4

D.Paragraph5

问题5选项

A.Shethinksthatbothhumansandmonkeysaregreedy.

B.Herjobfrequentlyinvolvesworkingwithmonkeys.

C.Shebelievesthathumansshouldnevertakerisks.

D.Sheprefersmonkeystohumans.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.细节题。由题干关键词定位到文章第一、二段“Thenwhyarewesopronetomakingmistakes?Andwhydowetendtomakethesameonestimeandtimeagain?”为什么我们如此容易犯错误？为什么我们会一次又一次地犯同样的错误？“Eitherhumanshavedesignedenvironmentswhicharetoocomplexforustofullyunderstand,orwearebiologicallypronetomakingbaddecisions”，要么是人类设计的环境过于复杂以至于我们无法完全理解，要么是我们在生理上容易做出错误的决定。第二段“Inordertotestthesetheories,theteamselectedagroupofBrownCapuchinmonkeys”，为了验证这些理论，研究小组选择了一组棕色卷尾猴来做实验。由此可知，选项A“为了研究猴子是否能学会用钱”，选项C“为了弄清楚在有损失的时候冒险是否更好”，选项D“为了确定猴子是否比人类犯更多的错误”均与文章不符，因此B选项正确。

第2题:2.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章最后一段“Onamoreoptimisticnotehowever,humansarefullycapableofovercominglimitationsoncewehaveidentifiedthem”，然而，从更乐观的角度来看，一旦我们确定了局限性，人类就完全有能力克服它们。由此可知，选项A“希望人类不久就能解决这些问题”，选项B“幸运的是，人类能够解决我们所知道的问题”，选项D“我们很高兴地注意到，我们可以解决我们所确定的问题”均与文章不符，因此C选项正确。

第3题:3.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第三段“Themonkeyssooncottonedon,andaswellaslearningsimpleexchangetechniques”，猴子们很快就适应了，并且也学会了简单的交流技巧。由此可知，选项B“了解，知道”，选项C“完成”，选项D“包含”都与题干不符，因此A选项正确。

第4题:4.细节事实题。由题干关键词定位到文章第二段“Monkeyswereselectedforthetestbecause,asdistantrelativesofhumans,theyareintelligentandhavethecapacitytolearn”，猴子被选为测试对象，因为它们是人类的远亲，它们是聪明的，并且有学习的能力。由此可知，题干所表述的“哪一段提到为什么选择猴子进行实验?”应为第二段，因此A选项正确。

第5题:5.推理判断题。由题干关键词可知，这题需要对整篇文章进行分析总结。文章讲述为了查出人类为什么易于犯错，以及易于犯同样错误的原因，研究团队找来了一群猴子做实验，而实验的结果表明，猴子也会做出与人类同样的选择，并且在做选择时受到一定外部条件的限制。由此可知，选项A“她认为人类和猴子都是贪婪的”，选项B“她的工作经常与猴子打交道”，选项D“与人类相比，她更喜欢猴子”文章均未提及，因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

Frostbittenfingersandtoesshouldbetreatedwithlukewarmwater.

问题1选项

A.frigid

B.tepid

C.boiling

D.steamy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。lukewarm意为“微温的，温和的，不热情的”；frigid意为“寒冷的，严寒的”；tepid意为“不冷不热的，微温的，不热情的”；boiling意为“炽热的，沸腾的，激昂的”；steamy意为“蒸汽的，充满水汽的”。

句意：冻伤的手指和脚趾应该用温水处理。

10.单选题

Thetouristsaidthattheanimalbelongedtoa（

）thathehadn'tseenbefore.

问题1选项

A.species

B.specimen

C.spectrum

D.sample

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项species“物种”；B选项specimen“样品，标本”；C选项spectrum“光谱”；D选项sample“样本”。句意：游客说这种动物是他以前从未见过的物种。选项A符合句意。

11.不定项选择题

Inthepast,zooswerelittlemorethan“shelfdisplays”ofanimalsfromthewild.Todayzoos—atleastthebestofthem―trytorecreatethewildfortheanimals.Asmuchimportanceisplacedoncaringfortheanimalsasonattractingandentertainingvisitors.

PubliceducationandtheprotectionofanimalspecieshavebecometheprioritiesofthebetterzoosintheUnitedStates.Smallcagesaregivingwaytospaciousenclosureswhereplants,rocks,treesandwatersimulatetheanimal’snaturalenvironments.Boththestressofcaptivityandtheanimal’sneedforexerciseandmovementaretakenintoaccountbyenlightenedzoomanagement;enclosureshaveprivateareaswheretheanimalscanretreatfromtheviewofspectators,andplentyofroomisprovidedfortheanimalstoclimb,swingandroam.Inaddition,greateremphasisisbeingplacedonresearchandpreventivehealthcare.

Perhapstheareaofgreatestconcernforzoosnowiswildlifepreservation.Zooproponentsarguethatencroachingcivilizationisrapidlydestroyingtheremainingnaturalhabitatsofwildanimal.Huntingforfurs,tusksandfeathersisprevalentinsomecountries,whichputanimalsfurtherindanger.Althoughzoosoncecontributedtothethreatofextinctionfacinganimalsinthewildbycontinuallystockingtheircageswithcapturedanimals,theynowhaveredefinedtheirroleaspreserversofendangeredspecies.

Althoughzoosstilloccasionallyimportwildanimalsfromaroundtheworldtostocktheircages,theyarelookingmoreandmoretootherzoosandtobreedinganimalsincaptivitysourcesformoreanimals.RatherthanrelyingonaNoah’sArkapproach(twoofeverything),manyzoosnowkeeplargerstocksofeachspeciesandloantheiranimalstoeachotherforbreedingpurposes.

Breedingwildanimalsincaptivityhasnotbeenaneasyundertaking.Findingtherightmateforananimalissometimesdifficult,andtherelativelyforeignenvironmentputsstressonanimalsinwaysthathaveyettobefullyexploredandunderstood.Zoosdoknowthatmaintainingananimal’shealthisacriticalfactorinbreeding.Asaresult,zoosprovideeverythingfromdentalworktopedicurestokeeptheanimalsintopshape.Pregnantfemalesarecloselymonitored,andeveryprecautionistakentoensureasuccessfulbirth.

Zoosmaystillhavesomeproblemstosolve,buttheyhavecomealongway.Notonlyaretheyplacestoobserveandlearnaboutanimalsthatwemightotherwiseneversee,buttheymayalsobeamongthelastrefugesforcreatureswhosesurvivalisconstantlythreatened.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheenvironmentinagoodzoonow?

2.Whatmajorrolesaremodernzoosplaying?

3.Fromthezooproponents’argumentsfewlearnthat（

）.

4.Whatisofgreathelpinmultiplyinganimalspeciesaccordingtothepassage?

5.Zoosprovideeverythingfromdentalworktopedicuresforanimalstoensure（

）.

问题1选项

A.Spaciousandcivilized

B.Roomyandnatural

C.Shadyandstony

D.Enlightenedandsafe

问题2选项

A.Entertainingandeducatingvisitors

B.Educatingandprotectingpeople

C.Educatingpeopleandkeepinganimalspeciesfromextinction

D.Breedinganimalsandlendingthemtoothers

问题3选项

A.civilizationshouldbeabandonedinordertosavewildanimals

B.zoosarethreateninganimalwithextinction

C.althoughzoosoncemadecontributiontosavinganimalsfromthedangerofextinction,nowtheydonotpreserveendangeredspecies

D.Whilesomepeoplethreatenwildanimalsbyhunting,zoosarenowprotectingthemfromthedangerofextinction

问题4选项

A.Toexchangeanimalsamongthezoos

B.Toputanimalsintolargercages

C.Tohuntanimalsfromwildpreserve

D.Tofeedanimalsincaptivitybeforesendingthembacktonature

问题5选项

A.goodhealth

B.thattheyaretallandstrong

C.thattheyarekeptintopcages

D.anidealenvironment

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干：下列哪个选项可以描述一个好的动物园的环境。A选项“宽敞、文明”；B选项“宽敞、自然”；C选项“阴凉、多石”；D选项“富有启迪性以及安全的”。根据题干定位到第二段第二句话Smallcagesaregivingwaytospaciousenclosureswhereplants,rocks,treesandwatersimulatetheanimal’snaturalenvironments.（小笼子让位给宽敞的围栏，里面的植物、岩石、树木和水模拟了动物的自然环境）从这句可以看出答案选B；A选项文章没有提及，所以不选；C选项定位到第二段第二句话，虽然有提到树荫和石头但是不是本句重点也不能全部概括当代动物园的特点，这里属于以偏概全，所以不选；D选项定位到第二段第一句PubliceducationandtheprotectionofanimalspecieshavebecometheprioritiesofthebetterzoosintheUnitedStates.（公共教育和动物物种保护已经成为美国较好的动物园的优先事项。），没有讲到当代动物园的特点，这里属于出处错误，所以D选项不能选。

第2题:事实细节题。题干：现代动物园扮演什么重要的角色。A选项“娱乐和教育游客”；B选项“教育和保护人们”；C选项“教育人们，保护动物物种免于灭绝”；D选项“饲养动物，并把它们借给他人”。第二段第一句话PubliceducationandtheprotectionofanimalspecieshavebecometheprioritiesofthebetterzoosintheUnitedStates.（公共教育和动物物种保护已经成为美国较好的动物园的优先事项）由此可知B选项错误，是保护动物而不是保护人类；C选项正确；A选项定位到第一段最后一句话Asmuchimportanceisplacedoncaringfortheanimalsasonattractingandentertainingvisitors.（照顾动物和吸引、娱乐游客一样重要），这里讲的是动物园想要达到的目的，而不是动物园在公众面前所起到的作用，属于出处错误，所以A选项不选；D选项定位到第四段第一、二句Althoughzoosstilloccasionallyimportwildanimalsfromaroundtheworldtostocktheircages,theyarelookingmoreandmoretootherzoosandtobreedinganimalsincaptivitysourcesformoreanimals.（虽然动物园仍然偶尔从世界各地进口野生动物放在笼子里，但他们正在越来越多地寻找其他动物园和圈养动物的来源，以获得更多的动物。），这里不能回答题干所问的问题属于出处错误。

第3题:判断推理题。题干：从动物园支持者的观点中，很少有人知道什么？A选项“为了拯救野生动物，文明应该被抛弃”；B选项“动物园正威胁着动物的灭绝”；C选项“虽然动物园曾经为拯救濒临灭绝的动物作出了贡献，但现在它们不保护濒危物种”；D选项“当一些人通过狩猎威胁野生动物时，动物园正在保护它们免于灭绝的危险”。定位到第三段第二句Zooproponentsarguethatencroachingcivilizationisrapidlydestroyingtheremainingnaturalhabitatsofwildanimal.（动物园的支持者认为，文明的入侵正在迅速摧毁野生动物仅存的自然栖息地），由这里可知支持者认为因为文明的入侵导致野生动物的栖息地减少从而威胁野生动物的生存，所以暗含着保护野生动物就应该抛弃文明的意味，所以答案选A。

B选项定位到第三段最后一句Althoughzoosoncecontributedtothethreatofextinctionfacinganimalsinthewildbycontinuallystockingtheircageswithcapturedanimals,theynowhaveredefinedtheirroleaspreserversofendangeredspecies.（尽管动物园曾经不断地在笼子里放养被捕获的动物，造成了野生动物面临灭绝的威胁，但它们现在重新定义了自己作为濒危物种保护者的角色），从这里可知B选项错误。

C选项错误，现在已经是保护者的角色就不会威胁动物的生存，这里属于反向干扰；

D选项定位到第三段第三句Huntingforfurs,tusksandfeathersisprevalentinsomecountries,whichputanimalsfurtherindanger.（在一些国家，对毛皮、象牙和羽毛的捕猎十分盛行，这使动物进一步处于危险之中），从这里可知不是偷猎导致动物濒危，而是偷猎进一步导致动物数量减少，所以不选。

第4题:事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第四段第一句话theyarelookingmoreandmoretootherzoosandtobreedinganimalsincaptivitysourcesformoreanimals.（他们正在越来越多地关注其他动物园和圈养动物，以获得更多的动物），所以选A选项“在动物园之间交换动物”；

B选项“把动物放进更大的笼子里”，根据46题虽然有提到给动物提供更大的空间但是这不能让动物数量增加，这里属于反向干扰，所以B选项错误；

C选项“从野生保护区猎捕动物”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有。

D选项“在将动物送回大自然之前给它们喂食”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有。

题干：根据文章，什么对动物物种的繁殖有很大的帮助？A选项“在动物园之间交换动物”。

第5题:事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到倒数第二段倒数第二句话Asaresult,zoosprovideeverythingfromdentalworktopedicurestokeeptheanimalsintopshape.（因此，动物园提供从牙科到足疗的一切服务，以保持动物的最佳状态），这里intopshape固定搭配“保持健康”的意思，答案选A；

B选项shape不是体态的意思，所以B选项错误；

C、D属于出处错误，文中有提到笼子和生活环境这些不是动物园做动物身体护理的目的。

12.单选题

Atlastsheleftherhouseandhurriedtotheairportonly______theplaneflyingaway.

问题1选项

A.saw

B.seen

C.seeing

D.tosee

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：最后她离开了家，匆忙赶往机场，却只看见飞机飞走了。only+现在分词（短语）和only+不定式（短语）都可作结果状语，跟现在分词往往表示一种自然的合乎逻辑的结果，而跟不定式往往表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的结果，仅限于少数终止性动词，如find，hear，learn，make，see等。only到句尾部分是结果状语，匆忙赶往机场却未能如愿登机，是令人失望的结果，D选项tosee符合题意。A选项saw是一般过去时，作谓语动词，不作非谓语动词；B选项seen是过去分词，不单独使用；C选项onlyseeing表示合乎逻辑的结果，含有意料之中的意思，不存在失望的情况，不符合语境。因此D选项正确。

13.单选题

Thereisaconfusednotioninthemindsofmanypersons,thataregatheringofthepropertyofthepoorintothehandsoftherichdoesnoultimateharm,sinceinwhoseverhandsitmaybe,itmustbespentatlast,andthus,theythink,returntothepooragain.Thisfallacyhasbeenagainandagainexposed;butgrantingthepleatrue,thesameapologymay,ofcourse,bemadeforblackmail,oranyotherformofrobbery.Itmightforthenationthattherobbershouldhavethespendingofthemoneyheextorts,asthatthepersonrobbedshouldhavespentit.Butthisisnoexcuseforthetheft.IfIweretoputaturnpikeontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngate,andendeavortoexactashillingfromeverypassengerthepublicwouldsoondoawaywithmygate,withoutlisteningtoanypleasonmypartthatitwasasadvantageoustothem,intheend,thatIshouldspendtheirshillings,asthattheythemselvesshould.Butif,insteadofoutfacingthemwithaturnpike,Icanonlypersuadethemtocomeinandbuystones,oroldiron,oranyotheruselessthing,outofmyground,Imayrobthemtothesameextentand,moreover,bethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterofcommercialprosperity.AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland-forthepoorofallcountries-iswhollyomittedineverytreatiseonthesubjectofwealth.Evenbythelaborersthemselves,theoperationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffectontheirimmediateinterests,neverinthefarmoreterrificpowerofitsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatterslittle,ultimately,howmuchalaborerispaidformakinganything;butismattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichheiscompelledtomake.Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproducefood,freshair,andfreshwater,nomatterthathiswagesarelow,thefoodandthefreshairandwaterwillbeatlastthere,andhewillatlastgetthem.Butifheispaidtodestroyfoodandfreshair,ortoproduceironbarsinsteadofthem,thefoodandairwillfinallynotbethere,andhewillnotgetthem,tohisgreatandfinalinconvenience.Sothat,conclusively,inpoliticalasinhouseholdeconomy,thegreatquestionis,notsomuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocket,aswhatyouwillbuywithitanddowithit.

1.Wemayinferthattheauthorprobablylivedinthe（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorprobablyfavors（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthatin