人教版高一英语必修3UNIT4知识点总结

UNIT4Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsWordssolarsystemplanetcircleastronomyoriginreligionwidelytheoryuniverseatomsbilliondustsolidglobeviolentexplodecarbonvapornitrogenproduceatmosphereappearsurfaceunlikeobviousfundamentalpresencedissolveharmfulacidschainreactionextremelymultipliedoxygenencouragedevelopmentshellfishinsectamphibiansreptileshugedinosaursexistrisemammalspreadthusdioxideremovepuzzlepresencechemistryplanetgravityevidencesatelliteviolentshockedgentlerudebiologyprovediscoveryphysicistsupplydecreasespeciesextinctclimateconcerndisappearspaceshipforceescapepulllessenfloatweightpainfulfrighteningamazedincreaseexhaustingstructuretheorysituationcrashPhrases:inalldirectionscombinetosettleintointimecooldownfill....withaswellaslayeggsremainamysterygivebirthtoinone’sturnprevent...fromasaresultofdependonnolongerdieoutblockoutcrashintodozensoffallbacktocheeruptwiceasfarasfallovernowthatgetthehangofstepforwardbreakoutpayattentiontowatchoutbemakeupofbefundamentaltobeginwithinalldirectionsaccordingtowatchoutfor密切注意；当心；提防Grammar:1.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolid.(随后）它变成什么没人知道，知道38~45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。betodo1)“将要做某事”指预先安排好的计划或约定2)表示义务、命令、禁止或可能性等，意思接近于should,must,haveto3)表示将来必然要发生的事，意为“注定......”(2010全国高考)ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune_________A.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmade2.Theearthbecomesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。句法分析：本句是So...that....句型，that引导的结果状语从句中又包含一个主语从句，其中it是形式主语，whethertheshapewouldlastornot是真正的主语。violent:adj.暴力的；强暴的；猛烈的；激烈的拓展：aviolentcrime/behavior暴力犯罪/行为aviolentstorm暴风骤雨doviolentto...对....施暴；歪曲（事实）take....byviolence抢夺withviolence强烈地，强有力地；用暴力3.Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervaporandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.最终产生二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。句法分析：which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为carbondioxide,nitrogen,ime1)终于；迟早；最后2)及时，来得及（用作此意是，intime后常跟forsth或todosth.)拓展：atnotime任何时间都不atatime每次，一次atonetime曾经，一度atthesanetime同时，然而attimes有时，时常（=sometimes=fortimetotime)innotime立刻aheadoftime提前allthetime一直，始终ontime按时，准时forthetimebeing暂时onceuponatime从前takeone，time从容进行killtime消磨时间(2013陕西高考)Themanagerwantstoseechangesinthecompany,andIamsurehewill______________.A.inparticularB.inturnC.inchangeD.intime(2012江苏高考)---ThankGodyou’resafe!-----Isteppedback,just___________toavoidtheracingcar.4.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.水对生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。befundamentalto对...必不可少/至关重要fundamentaladj.基本的，基础的besimilarto及...相似beharmfulto对...有害beimportantto对...来说是重要的翻译：有些专家认为，阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。(2015安徽高考)5.Whatmanyscientistbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.很多科学家相信；地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。beharmfulto...对...有害（=doharmto）harmlessadj.无害的beharmlessto对...无害harmfuladj.有害的beharmfulto对...有害harmn.伤害，损害doharmtosb=dosbharm对某人有害学法点播：有些单词其词性的变化形式和harm类似，如：care→careful（小心的）→careless（粗心的）→carelessness（n粗心）hope→hopeful（有希望的）→hopeless（没有希望的）→hopelessness(n绝望）help→helpful（有帮助的）→helpless（无助的）→helplessness（n无可奈何）(2010浙江高考)Manylifestylepatternsdosuch__________greatharmtoearththattheyactuallyspeedup__________weakeningofthehumanbody.A.a;/B./;theC.a;theD./;/6.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragethelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.它们繁殖起来使得海洋充满了氧气，这为早期的贝类及各种鱼类后来的进化创造了条件。multiplyv.繁殖；成倍增加；迅速增加；乘；乘以链接：s2+2=4Twoplus/addedtotwoisfour.4-2=2Fourminustwoistwo.Twosubtractedfromfouristwo.2×2=4Twotimes/multipliedbytwoisfour.4÷2=2Fourdividedbytwoistwo.7.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.后来，当这些植物长成森林时，爬行动物第一次出现了。1)句法分析：when引导时间状语从句；介词短语forthefirsttime作状语。Growintosth不能用于被动语态。2)forthefirsttime第一次拓展：Thisis/wasthefirst...time+that从句，表示“这是某人第几次做某事”，从句常用完成时态。即：主语连系动词为is时，从句用现在完成时，为was时，从句用过去完成时。3)growintosth变成，变得习惯于（不能用于被动语态）growawayfromsb逐渐疏远某人growonsb逐渐为某人所爱growoutofsth产生于；体型上太胖而穿不上衣服growup（指人或物）长大；成长；成熟8.Theylaideggsandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。搭配：existin存在于....中existon(=liveon)靠...为生/生存单词积累：existencen.存在，生存existingadj.现存的，现行的拓展：comeintoexistence/being形成，出现inexistence现存的；存在的(2010江苏高考)Theexperimenthasruledoutthepossibilityofthe_____________(exist)ofanylifeonthatplant,butitdosenotmeanthereisnolifeonotherplants.9.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheygavebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.这些动物不同于以往所有的生命形态，因为它们从体内生产出幼崽并给幼崽哺乳。givebirthto分娩；生孩子；产生；引起链接：atbirth在出生时，诞生时bybirth天生；生来；在血统上beofgood/noblebirth出生名门bring...tobirth使....产生10.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplant.于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。thusadv.因此，于是，所以，这样，如此Inone’sturn轮到某人;接着拓展：byturns轮流，依次inturns依次，反过来taketurnstodosth轮流做某事It’sone’sturntodosth轮到某人做某事(2007湖北高考)Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars,andthis____________createsfurtherproblems.inshortB.incaseC.indoubtD.inturn11.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他们把过多的二氧化碳排放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中去。句法分析：whichprevents...space是which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的整个句子。prevent...（from）doing阻止....做误区警示：stopsb(from)doingsth阻止某人做某事keepsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事protectsbfrom/againststh保护某人免遭某物（伤害）defendsdfromsth保卫某人不受某物伤害(2012福建高考)Chinarecentlytightened(加紧）itswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrom______________(attack)intheSouthChinaSea.12.Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistfoundhardtosolve.生命究竟是怎样起源的是科学家们觉得最难解决的问题之一。puzzle1)n.难题；谜搭配：beinapuzzle不知如何是好；感到困惑2)v.（使）迷惑；（使）为难搭配：puzzleabout/over苦苦思索单词积累：puzzled13.Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabin....我立刻高兴起来，由于失重，我在太空舱里飘来飘去...cheerup（市）高兴起来，（使）振作起来链接：cheer....on为....加油/鼓劲Cheers！（祝酒时用）干杯！(天津高考)---I’’mafraidIcan’tpassthistime.--___________!I’msureyou’llmakeit.A.GoaheadB.GoodluckC.NoproblemD.Cheerup14.ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.但当我尽力向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因此我摔倒了。twiceas...as......的两倍....,这是一种倍数表示方法英语里常见的倍数表示法有三种：Ais+倍数+形容词比较级+thanBAis+倍数+as+形容词原级+asBAis+倍数+thesize/weight/height/length/width....+ofBas.........asas+形容词、副词原级+asas+adj.+a/an+单数可数名词+asas+adj.+复数可数名词+as拓展asmany/muchas多达aslightasfeather轻如鸿毛assoonas...一...就...as/sofaras远到...;一直到....asearlyas早在asstrongasahorse强壮如牛aslongas长达aswellas除....之外，还asgoodas及...几乎一样as....aspossible尽可能地....(2013安徽高考)’ssaidthatthepowerplantisnow___________largeaswhatitwas.A.twiceasB.astwiceC.twicemuchD.muchtwice(2011陕西高考)ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbe________________________________________________________(三倍大）thepresentone.15.“Ohdear”,Icried,“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”“天哪”，我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路的确需要练一练了。”句法分析：nowthat引导原因状语从句。动名词walking作主语，并且用does来强调谓语动词need。nowthat既然（引导原因状语从句）(2015湖北高考)Theteamareworkinghardtoanalyze(分析）theproblem_____________theycanfindthebestsolution.16.Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.我们惊奇地看到，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。breakout突然开始，爆发breakup解散；破碎；结束breakthrough突破；冲垮breakawayfrom....脱离....breakdown出故障；坍塌；（精神，身体）垮掉breakin进入；插话breakinto强行进入（某处）；突然开始（笑，欢呼等）(2012陕西高考)1.Hehadtopausefromtimetotimetowipethesweatfromhisforehead,becausetheair-conditioningsystem_____________.A.brokeinB.brokeupC.brokeoutD.brokedown(2015天津高考)See,yourcomputerhasbroken__________again!Itdoesn’tmakesensetobuythecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.17.Inoursolarsystemeightplanetscirclearoundthesun.systemn.[C]系统，体系；体制，制度；[U]条理，秩序thesolarsystem太阳系asocialsystem社会制度underthenew/oldsystem在新/旧制度下havesysteminone’swork工作有条理Canyoumatchthenameswiththeplanets?matchv.和....协调，搭配；及...匹敌，成为...的对手n.火柴；比赛；对手；配偶match...with使...和...搭配matchupto相当，配得上beamatchfor及...相匹配find/meetone,smatch棋逢对手，遇上对手matchpoint最后决定胜负的分；赛点Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.explodev.爆炸，爆破；突然爆发；突增；破除；推翻explosionn.爆炸；爆裂；突增explosiveadj.易爆炸的，易爆发的；突增的explosivelyadv.爆炸地；突增地explodeabomb=setoffabomb使炸弹爆炸explodeasuperstition破除迷信explodeintowildlaughter突然大笑起来theexplodingworldpopulation迅猛增长的世界人口Asaresultofthisevent,agreatdustcloudformedintheskyblockingoutthesunlight.blockout挡住，遮住（光线，声音等）,忘掉，抹去（不愉快的事情）blockout（用路障）封锁，堵住blockup塞住，封住blockone’sway挡住某人的去路blocksth.in/out草拟，画....的简略图Weweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth’sgravity.pull拉（力）；拖；牵引力pulldown拆毁pullout(of)驶出（车站）；抽出；取出pullup（使车）停下pullthrough恢复健康；（使）渡过难关/危机语法精讲（名词性从句----主语从句）主语从句通常由下列词引导：1）从属连词that，whether,if等；2）连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever，whom等；3)连接副词how，when，where，why等。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词都在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当主语的成分。注：whom、who指人，what指物，whatever，whoever表示泛指意义。例如：Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）Itbe+名词+that从句It'sagreatpitythattheydidn'tgetmarried.他们没能结婚，真是令人惋惜。It'sagoodthingthatyouwereinsured.你保了险，这可是件好事。（2）Itbe+形容词+that从句It'ssplendidthatyoupassedyourexam.你通过考试了，真棒。It'sstrangethattherearenolightson.真奇怪，没有一盏灯是开着的。（3）Itbe+动词的过去分词+主语从句It'ssaidthathehasbeentheremanytimes.据说他去过那儿很多次。（4）It+不及物动词+that从句[1]另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…(5)itseems/happens+that从句众所周知的几种表达方式（1）Itisknowntousthat.（2）Asisknowntous.（3）whatisknowntousisthat.it引导的强调句结构：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其它部分。eg:Myfatherdidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdayevening.强调主语：Itwasmyfatherwhodidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdayevening.强调宾语：Itwastheexperimentthatmyfatherdidinthelabyesterdayevening.强调时间：Itwasyesterdayeveningthatmyfatherdidtheexperimentinthelab.(注意不用when)强调地点：Itwasinthelabthatmyfatherdidtheexperimentyesterdayevening.(2015北京高考)_______________weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.A.WhereB.HowC.WhyD.When(2013陕西高考)Itremainstobeseen________________thenewlyformedcommittee’spolicycanbeputintopractice.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether(2015江苏高考)_____________LiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon,tacceptit.A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.How(2011江苏高考)Itwasneverclear___________themanhadn”treportedtheaccidentsooner.A.thatB.howC.whenD.why(2014天津高考)Ithink___________impressesmeabouthispaintingisthecolorsheuses.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who(2011江西高考)Thevillagershavealreadyknown__________we’lldoistorebuildthebridge.A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which(2012安徽高考)Thelimitsofaperson,sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,but____________hereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why语法选择1.Itremainstobeseen_______________thisplanispracticalenoughtokeeptheprojectgoing.A.whetherB.howC.whereD.when2.(2014陕西高考)____________thedelayflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.A.WhyB.WhenC.ThatD.What3.(2012全国高考)Itisbynomeansclear_____________thepresidentcandotoendthestrike.A.howB.whichC.thatD.what4.(2011北京高考)___________BarbaraJonesofferstohefansishonestyandhappiness.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.Whom5.(2012江西高考)Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim____________hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.A.whetherB.whereC.whichD.that6.(2012山东高考)Itdoesn’tmatter______________youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.A.howB.whetherC.whatD.why7.(2012湖南高考)Everyoneinthevillageisveryfriendly.Itdoesn’tmatter_________youhavelivedthereforashorttimeoralongtime.A.whyB.howC.whetherD.thatIwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents.A:ThatB:WhichC:WhetherD:What9.(2014大纲高考)Exactly___________thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.A.whetherB.whyC.whenD.how10.(2014陕西高考)____________thedelayflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.A.WhyB.WhenC.ThatD.What11.(2014北京高考)Somepeoplebelieve____________hashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.A.whateverB.wheneverC.whereverD.however12.(2013重庆高考)______________struckmemostinthemoviewasthefather’sdeeploveforhisson.A.ThatB.ItC.WhatD.Which13.(2012山东高考)Itdoesn’tmatter___________youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.A.howB.whetherC.whatD.why单词变形1.systemn.----____________________adj.系统的2.religionn.----___________________adj.宗教的；虔诚的3.theoryn.----____________________adj.理论上4.globen.----____________________adj.全球的；总体的5.violentadj.----__________________adv.猛烈地；激烈地----_______________n.暴力；侵犯6.intime___________________ontime_________________7.unlikeprep.（介词）----_________________prep.像8.harmfuladj.----__________________v./n.伤害；损害----______________adj.无害的；无恶意的9.multiply-_________________multiplyby乘以10.lay-_______________-______________-________________产卵；放置11.existv.----_________________n.存在；生存12.puzzlev.----______________adj.感到困惑的----_____________adj.令人困惑的13.biologyn.----__________________n.生物学家14.gentleadj.----______________________adv.轻轻地；温和地15.physicistn.---__________________n.物理学----_____________adj.身体的；物理的----________________n.内科医生16.lessenv.----_________________adj./adv.较少的;较少地17.cheerv.欢呼；使高兴；为…加油---_________________adj.快乐的，愉快的，高兴的18.weightlesslyadv.---_________________n.重量；重力19.break–_________________-_________________打破；弄破；休息；中断20._________________小心；堤防_________________看守；监视；看管一、短语互译1.突发；爆发_____________________2.密切注意；当心；提防_________________________________________4.阻止；制止_________________5.挡住（光线）_______________________6.感到高兴；感到振奋____________________7.及时；终于__________________________________________9.solarsystem_____________________10.layeggs_____________________11.givebirthto_____________________12.carbondioxide_____________________13.getthehangof_____________________14.inalldirections_____________________15.轮到某人；接着16.感到高兴，感到振奋17.密切注视；当心；堤防18.befundamentalto_____________________二、填词1.Opportunities________________(存在)inourcompanyforexperiencedengineers.2.The______________(气氛)ofthemeetingisveryfriendly.3.Remembertoputthe_______________(链子）onthedoorwhenyoulockit.4.Freshairis______________(基础的)togoodhealth,soweshouldmakeeveryefforttoimproveairquality.5.Therearemany_________________(理论)abouthowtheuniversecameintoexistence.6.Davewasalwayscautious.ITwasa________________(谜)whyhetookachancethistime.7.Hewasbrokentheworldrecordof100m,________________(因此）winningthisfirstgoldmedal.8.Thenewgovernmentpromisedtoimprovethepresenthealthcare___________(体系）.9.Thehot________________(气候）heredoesn’tagreewithher.10.Thecar________________(碰撞）straightintoatree.11.Hefoundsomething__________________(漂浮）onthelakewhichfrightedhim.12.Mancan’t__________________(生存）withoutwater.13.Thenurse（gentle）mopped(擦)thebloodfromthewoundwithasoftcloth.14.Heworkedveryhard,（接着）hesucceededwilldotheconstruction.15.Thesandstorm（产生）achainreaction(连锁反应)whichendedinaserioustraincrash.16.RomanCatholicism（天主教）isoneofthebiggest（religious）intheworld.17.Therewerereportsthatsomepeoplehadbeen（阻止）votingintheelection.frightenedher.18.WhenSARS______________（爆发）,fearspreadoutquicklyalloverthecountry.19.Witha__________（violence）kick(踢),therobberbrokeintotheoldman'shouse.三、词汇运用第一组：givebirthto,intime,forthefirsttime,layeggs,inturn1.Mysister________________alovelybabylastnight,whichmadeusveryhappy.2.Helostagame__________________intwoyears.3.Notalltheanimalsontheearthproduceyoungby_______________.4.Westudentscleantheclassroomeveryday_________________.5.Althoughwemetwithsomedifficulty,wesuccessfullycompletedtheproject_____________.第二组：nowthat,blockout,getthehangof,watchoutfor,breakout,cheerup_______________himnowandthen.2.Youlooksad.!Everythingwillbeallrightsoon.3.hehasgraduatedfromuniversity,heshouldlearntoearnhisliving.4.Aviolentquarrelbetweenthemonhowtobringuptheironlychild.5.Afterawhile,theskywasbyblackclouds.6.Typingiseasyonceyouit.第三组：force,disappoint,system,surface,harmful,astronomy,gravity,publish,atmosphere,planet

1.Hiswords_________meandIlosthopeforhim.

2.Heseemsveryhonestonthe_________butactuallyheisnotreliable.

3.Thereisstillalotthatscientistsdon’tknoworexplaininthefieldof_________.

4.Hepostedhisnewly-writtennoveltoa_________housebutreceivednoreply.

5.Thereareeight_________inthesolarsystem.

6.WhenIenteredthemeetingroomIsensedthe_________wasunusualandeveryonekeptsilent.

7.DoyouknowaboutNewton’slawof________?

8.Drinkingalcoholis________topeople’shealth.

9.IntheChineseeducation_________examsarelaidinthemostimportantplace.

10.Never_________anyonetodoanythinghedoesn’twantto.第四组：telescope,development,oxygen,violent,presence,gradually,mass,spread,explode,solid,exist,float

1.Withthe_________ofscienceandtechnologypeoplecanenjoythemoderncivilizationfully.

2.Childrenshouldnotbeallowedtowatchany________movie.

3._________,hebegantounderstandhowsillyhewastohavedonesuchathing.

4.WiththeInternetnewsfromeverypartoftheworld_________rapidly.

5.Manyofthestudentsthinkthat_________geometryistoohardtolearn.

6.Aplasticbagwasseen________inthewater.

7.Thescientistssaythatdinosaurs_________millionsofyearsagobutthendiedoutsuddenly.

8.Abomb_________nearthedoorwayoftherestaurantfromacrossthestreet.

9.Whenyouareonthemoonyour________willbelessthanontheearth.

10.Hesatinthefrontrowandhardlynoticedmy________.

11.Mancannotlivewithout________.

12.Withthehelpofa________youcanobservelotsofstarsinthesky.四、翻译1.长时间坐在电脑前对你的眼睛有害处。你应该每两个小时休息一会儿。Sittingbeforeacomputerforalongtime_____________________youreyes.Youshouldrestawhileeverytwohours.2.每个人都说出了自己的梦想。轮到他了，他沉默了一会儿说“我要当一名老师”Everyonespokeouttheirdreams,and_____________________,hekeptsilentforamomentandsaid“Iwanttobeateacher.”3.当地政府已经关闭了这家化工厂，以防止这条河流被污染。Thelocalgovernmenthasclosedthechemicalfactoryto_______________________.4.这个项目使学生有可能在假期里在一些工厂工作。Thisprogram_____________________insomefactoriesduringtheirvacations.5.还不清楚睡觉时是否做梦。_____________________________animalsdreamwhentheyareasleep.6.他是一名优秀的运动员，他能跳我两倍远。Heisanexcellentathlete,andhecanjump_____________________asIdo.7.我们日常生活中到处有危险。8.上周日，我家附近的一座大楼发生了火灾。9.楼梯到处是烟雾，这使得人们很难逃生。幸运的是，消防人员及时赶到了。11.消防队员到来后就不允许我们靠进口了。12.他们说既然他们来了，就轮到他们救人了。13.依靠他们的专业技能，他们很快就阻止了火势的蔓延，使损失降低了预料的四分之一。14.从这个故事我们知道，我们能否杜绝火灾取决于我们是否有安全意识。Fromthestoryweknowthat_________________________________________.既然你已得到一个机会，你最好充分利用它。(nowthat;makeuseof)

16.关于新校长要来的消息很快传遍了全班。(spread)17.__________________（据报道）themurdererwasshottodeathonthescene.18._____________________________(父母是否给他买一台新的Ipad）dependonhisexamresults.19.________________________(那是谁的包）notknownatthattime.20.Itremainsamystery_______________________________(为什么恐龙突然灭绝了）21.Thedamagetotheenvironmentis(如此猛烈，以至于）wedon’tknowhowtodealwithit.22.Ournewhouseis(两倍大）theoldone.23.Shecanfeelhim(在看他），althoughshecan,tseehim.五、语法填空（2015广东高考)Mr.Johnsonlivedinthewoodswithhiswifeandchildren.Heowned_________farm,whichlookedalmostabandoned.____________(lucky),healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearly___________otherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhat__________(leave).Thecowwastheironlymeansofsupport,infact.Oneday,thecowwaseatinggrass__________itbegantorainheavily.Whilemakinggreateffortstorunaway,she__________(fall)overthehillanddied.ThentheJohnsontriedtomakealiving__________thecow.Inordertosupporthisfamily,Mr.Johnsonbegantoplantherbsandvegetables.Sincetheplantstookawhiletogrow,hestartedcuttingdowntrees_________(sell)thewood.Thinkingabouthischildren’sclothes,hestartedgrowingcottontoo.Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarket___________peoplefromthetownmetregularly.Nowitoccurredto__________thathisfarmhadmuchpotentialandthatthedeathofthecowwasabitofluck.(2012浙江高考)Twofriendshaveanargumentthatbleaksuptheirfriendshipforever,eventhoughneitheronecanrememberhowthewholethinggotstarted.Suchsadeventshappenoverandoverinhighschoolsacrossthecountry.Infact,accordingtoanofficialreportonyouthviolence,"Inourcountrytoday,thegreatestthreattothelivesofchildrenandadolescentsisnotdiseaseorstarvationorabandonment,buttheterriblerealityofviolence".Giventhatthisisthecase,whyaren'tstudentstaughttomanageconflictthewaytheyaretaughttosolvemathproblems,drivecars,orstayphysicallyfit?Firstofall,studentsneedtorealizethatconflictisunavoidable.Areportonviolenceamongmiddleschoolandhighschoolstudentsindicatesthatmostviolentincidentsbetweenstudentsbeginwitharelativelyminorinsult(侮辱).Forexample,afightcouldstartoverthefactthatonestudenteatsapeanutbuttersandwicheachlunchtime.Laughteroverthesandwichcanleadtoinsults,whichinturncanleadtoviolence.Theproblemisn'tinthesandwich,butinthewaystudentsdealwiththeconflict.Oncestudentsrecognizethatconflictisunavoidable,theycanpracticethegoldenruleofconflictresolution(解决)staycalm.Oncethestudentfeelscalmer,heorsheshouldchoosewordsthatwillcalmtheotherpersondownaswell.Rudewords,name-calling,andaccusationonlyaddfueltotheemotionalfirOntheotherhand,softwordsspokenatanormalsoundlevelcanputoutthefirebeforeitexplodesoutofcontrol.Afterbothsideshavecalmeddown,theycanuseanotherkeystrategyforconflictresolution;listening.Listeningallowsthetwosidestounderstandeachother.Onepersonshoulddescribehisorherside,andtheotherpersonshouldlistenwithoutinterrupting.Afterward,thelistenercanasknon-threateningquestionstoclarifythespeaker'sposition.Thenthetwopeopleshouldchangeroles.Finally,studentsneedf.considerwhattheyarehearing.Thisdoesn'tmeantryingtofigureoutwhat'swrongwiththeotherperson.Itmeansunderstandingwhattherealissueisandwhatbothsidesaretryingtoaccomplish.Forexample,ashoutingmatchoverapeanutbuttersandwichmighthappenbecauseonepersonthinkstheotherpersonisunwillingtotrynewthings.Studentsneedtoaskthemselvesquestionssuchasthese:Howdidthisstart?WhatdoIreallywant?WhatamIafraidoffAstheissuebecomesclearer,theconflictoftensimplybecomessmaller.Evenifitdoesn't,carefulthoughthelpsbothsidesfigureoutamutualsolution.Therewillalwaysbeconflictinschools,butthatdoesn'tmeanthereneedstobeviolence.AfterstudentsinAtlantastartedaconflictresolutionprogram,accordingtoEducatorsforSocialResponsibility,"64percentoftheteachersreportedlessphysicalviolenceintheclassroom;75percentoftheteachersreportedanincreaseinstudentcooperation;and92percentofthestudentsfeltbetteraboutthemselves".Learningtoresolveconflictscanhelpstudentsdealwithfriends,.teachers.parents,bosses,andcoworkers.Inthatway,conflictresolutionisabasiclifeskillthatshouldbetaughtinschoolsacrossthecountry.1.Thisarticleismainlyabout_____.A.thelivesofschoolchildrenB.thecauseofargumentsinschoolsC.howtoanalyzeyouthviolenceD.howtodealwithschoolconflicts2.FromParagraph2wecanlearnthat________.A.violenceismorelikelytooccuratlunchtimeB.asmallconflictcanleadtoviolenceC.studentstendtolosetheirtempereasilyD.theeatinghabitofastudentisoftenthecauseofafight3.WhydostudentsneedtoaskthemselvesthequestionsstatedinParagraph5?A.Tofindoutwhotoblame.B.Togetreadytobuynewthings.C.Tomakeclearwhattherealissueis.D.Tofigureouthowtostoptheshoutingmatch.4.AftertheconflictresolutionprogramwasstartedinAtlanta,itwasfoundthat______.A.therewasadecreaseinclassroomviolenceB.therewaslessstudentcooperationintheclassroomC.moreteachersfellbetteraboutthemselvesinschoolsD.theteacher-studentrelationshipgreatl