英语-unit2text a s and sentences p下文对性别平等、减轻贫困以及环境可持续性三者协同作用与妇女贫

W

d d

sentencesittals

ofsusta

amon可持续源短缺、生态创造出可持续的生存方式等问题。Synergy

共同作用,合力,协力l

examples

of

synergyThe

synergybetween

nature

and

people……Unit

2Gender

poverty

and

environmentAlleviation

减轻,缓和What

does

she

want

to

do?Pain

alleviationTo

alleviate

the

painAlleviation

of

the

debtsTo

alleviate

the

debtsPoverty

alleviationTo

alleviate

povertydeforestationThis

stimulated

efforts

to

promote

afforestationand

design

more

fuel-efficient

stoves.由此，激发了人们的努力进行植树造林、设计燃烧效果更高的炉灶Funding

petered

out,

…v.慢慢

，耗尽the

investment

petered

out.Donations

peter

out.The coverage

peters

out.Women

tend

to

undervalue

their

own

health,leading

to

under-reporting

of

problems.妇女有轻视自己的健康状况的倾向从而导致（毒气影响健康的）问题没有得到充分的Some

blue

chip

stocks

are

undervalued.Displacement:被迫迁徙DisplaceThe

American ns

are

displaced.g妇而Discriminatory

inheritance

andlaws

restrict

women’s

ability

tosecurity

for

the

family,

and

tocollateral.有

的继承法和

拥有法限制了的能力，也限制了她们利用土地作为抵押Inheritance

遗传,遗产List

your

genetic

inheritanceEye

color,

height,

in

ligence…List

the

inheritance

of

the

Chinese

raceLiterature,

architecture……继承爵位。inherit

thetitleHeir

to

the

throneCollateral

担保品,抵押品How

can

you

get

a

loan

from

the

bank?By

put

up/

offer al

assets

ascollateral.What

can

you

offer

as

collateral?Gender-differentiated

local

knowledge

systems

play

a

decisiverole

in

conservingmanaging

and

improving

geneticresourcesfo和男改d

Lack

of

access

to

clean

potable

water

has

been

recognized

as

a

factorincreasing

women’s

work

burdens

in

those

parts

of

the

world

where

theyare

responsiblefor

collecting

water

for

basic

needs

like

cooking,

cleaning

and

hygiene.在世界上的一些地方，由于缺乏获得满足烹饪、清洁和卫生的需要，这也食品卫生food

hygiene个人卫生al

hygiene.School

of

HygieneHygiene

standardstheir

daily

caloric发热量;热值caloric

value低热量饮食/饮料a

low-calorie

/

calory

diet/drinkLack

of

clean

wwaterborne

disemajor

causes

o

洁净水的缺乏是的原因之一。Waterborne

ad水路交通waterborne

tra水路贸易waterborne

trade水上观光游a

waterborne

safariProlapseFlesh

and

skinCarrying

heavy

water

over

long

distances

duringpregnancy

canresult

in

premature

births,

prolapsed

uterus

or

backinjuries.妇女在怀孕期间头顶重水罐，步行长距离会引起早产， 下垂，或背部受伤。premature

aging

of

the

brain.大脑过早衰老premature

decision草率的决定UterusWho

can

have

uterus

tumors?In

eastern

Tanzania,

urinary

schistosomdisease,

was

most

common

among

boygirls

and

women

between s

of

1在坦桑尼亚东部，一种与水有关的疾病—孩中非常普遍，在10到40岁的少女或遍。a

urinary

infectionThese

tests yze

hormones

in

urine.这类检测分析尿液中的

。urinategirls,

it

whing

clotsted

wats却站与她们Infest

大批出没于;侵扰;骚扰The

room

is

infested

with

mosquitoes.Vermin

infest

the

plants.不叮无缝蛋。Flies

neverinfest

an

egg

without

cracks.Infest

infectGo

away,I

don't

want

to you

with

my

cold.infectUnclean

water

and

untreated

sewage

are

responsible

for

thespread

of

waterborne

diseases

suchas

cholera

and

intestinalparasites.Cholera:霍乱[‘kɔlərə]an

outbreak

ofcholera霍乱突然蔓延a

cholera

epidemic霍乱流行intestinal

:a.肠的the

intestinal

wall肠壁intestinal

bacteria.肠道细菌IntestineclogCan

youeat

a

lot

of

raw

fish?NO.

Parasites

infest

the

raw

fish.What

do

you

have

to

make

sure

when

you

eatsea

food?Kill

the

parasites.Anyone

who

thrived,

he

noted,

would

ea for

parasites

like

the

Smiths.Chemical

toxins

and

heavy

metals

from

industrialr d

di

i s

fnsctsateDioxin

n.[化]二氧(杂)芑,incineration

n.烧成灰,焚化厂waste

incineration

plantscted

to

increase

the

burden

ofallowere

c而气Vector:带菌者List

vectorsAge

and

gender

may

exacerbate

this

risk.Exacerbate

,加重Deforestation

is

exacerbated.Economic

recession

is

exacerbated.During

pregnancy,

it

can

cause

severe

anemia,

and

it

canalso

harm

the

fetus,

increasing

the

chances

of

abortion,premature

birth,

stillbirth,

intrauterine

growth

retardationand

low

infant

birth

weight.在怀孕期间，疟疾能引起严重的贫血，危及的生命，增加、早产、死胎、内发育阻滞以及出生时体重不足的几率。How

to

take

care

of a

fetus?What

will

lead

to

stillbirth?Hereditary

reasonsThe

pregnant

woman

has

diabetes,high

blood

pressure, so

the

fetus

does

nothave

adequate

supply

of

oxygen

or

nutrients.The

water

broke.InfectionDystocia(难产）…IntrauterineUterusUterineWhat

does

intrauterine

infection

mean

for

the

fetus

Growth

retardation,

premature

birth,

stillbirth……During

pregnancy,

italso

harm

the

fetuspremature

birth,

stiland

low

infant

birth

w在怀孕期间，疟疾命，增加、早及出生时体重retardation

n.智力迟钝,阻Who

doyou

know

about

FG?He

has

mental

retardation.He

is

mentally

retarded.Growth

retardationBe

physically

retardedLack

of

information

among

the

women

on

howthe

disease

is

transmitted

confounds

theproblem

in

many

regions.在许多地方，女性不了解

的

方式，使得问题更加复杂。Confound:

使

;使困惑;是非confound

the

right

and

the

wroIn

this

region,

women

grow

most

of

the

food,and

women’s

agricultural

labor

often

shows

thesigns

of

wider

community

disruption

byV/AIDS.在这个地区，妇女耕种大部分的粮食作物。妇女病大规模 的最初迹们的农作常常象Disruption:;毁坏There

has

been

a

progressive

shift

frommaize

production

to

less

labor

intensive,

andless

nutritious,

cassava

production

tocompensate

for

the

labor

lost

through

HIV/AIDS.为了弥补

导致的劳动力的丧失，这些地方的粮食生产发生了极大的变化，由原先种植玉米转向种植营养不丰富但需要更少的劳动力的木薯。Labor-intensiveCapital

intensiveknowledge

intensivecassava

n.

木薯Housing

tenure

patternsdisto也会有条件so城T(教The social

hierarchy

is

based

on

the

tenureofland.基础上的社会等级制度是建立在土地占A

lecturer

in

the

English

Departmbeen

refused

tenure.英语系一名讲师最近未能获得The

tenure

of

the

USPresidency的 是四年Inequitable

inheritance

practicesinequitable

distribution

of

nationaleelybuisto在灾几康复,修复Anyone

who

is

located

(socially

and/or

spatially)

‘outof

the

loop’of

information d

by

early

warningsystems

is

likely

to

suffer

more

from

disasters.任何人，从社会属性和空间方位来说，如果他们处在早期的 系统圈外 他们则有可能

的疾患痛苦The

1991

cyclone

in

Bangladesh

resulted

in

a

disproportionatenumber

of

female

dea在1991年的

中数。disproportionate

:a.不成比例的Women

delayed

leavinin

order

to

avoid

the

impublic.为了避免不合时宜的出的时间List

examples

of

improprietyeThe

full

success

of

forward-looking

strategies

forenvirothree素或者进得完全a

forward-looking

RussianFar-sightedShort-sightedHinge

on

依...而定,以...为转移The

economy

hinges

on

domestic

demand.Life

hinges

on

who

you

meet.at

all

levels

from

grassroots

ton.基层，基层民众；草根adj.基层的；草根的；ernment.基层织grassroots

party

organization基层grassroots

courts基层grassroots

democracy/Fall

short

of

expectations/

standardsEqualize

educationEqualize

the

eresponsibilitiesIntegrate:

make

into组合Integrate

the

three

regionsIntegrate

the

resourcesWhat

is

the

greatest

problem

for

a

stepfamily?To

be

integrated

into

one.InMexico

theequiv2003在墨ernment

earmarked

thent

of

the

local

budget

inoting

genderequity.当于总

0.85%的用Earmark:

1.打上标志

2.

指定用途Correct

speech

is

an

earmark

of

the

educated

man.正确的谈吐是受教育者的特征。This

year,

the

central

treasury

will

earmark

10.6bil

for

povertyalleviation.今年， 安排财政

106亿元。g，_“send

two

dollars

or

theequivalent

in

stampsAlthough

such

animals

enjoyedspiritual with

humans,

ancientEgyptians

still

ate

meat

and

put

domesticbeasts

to

work.Your wish

is

the

equivalent

of

a

command.Equivalent: adj.n

beinsomething

相当于，等Equity:being

fair,公平Equality：This

order

will

ensure

_equity

diplomatic

operationsequalityMuch

of

the

work

ongenderhand,

is

framed

by

a

social

squalitative

material,

case

stu[ænek'dəutl]

evidence.另一方面，大部分对、环该方法地依赖材料的性质作为Anecdotal:adj.逸事趣闻countless

anecdotal

reports无数的八卦消息Anecdotal

evidencesugges传闻有 表明欧洲的销售量She

told

us

anecdotes

abou她告诉我有关这家医院及因虑It

is

difficult

enough

to

mainstream

socialconsiderations

within

environmental

work;adding

gendmore

challe把社会因素素是有相当因素而加入Mainstream主流的政治信念mainstream

political

beliefsWord

games1.

pronunciation

train2.

heads-up:Work

in

groups.

one

student

guesses,

theothers

give

cluesCollateralProlapseWaterborneHygieneMainstreamSynergyGrassrootsCaloricStillbirthToxinFetusIntrauterineCassavaIncinerationParasiteIntestinalUterusInfestConfoundrehabilitationTenureDioxinUrinaryVectorIncinerationPeter

outAfforestationAlleviationEarmarkcycloneImproprietyAnecdotalTenureCollateralRetardationIncinerationParasiteInfestRehabilitationSynergyexacerbateItis

not

unusual

for

environmentalists

to

consider

thatattentiontogenderdiver

ergyand

time

away

from

pressing

issues;itis“like

rearranging

the

chairs

on

the

Titanic”,

oneenvironmentalist

was

recently

cited

assaying.环境保护者认为，对问题予以关注会占用本该用来解决紧迫问题所需的精力和时间。这种想法并非不正常。一个环境保护者所说的话最近常被当作格言而，“这如同在泰坦尼克号上把所有的椅子都重新排列一样”divert

:vt.使转向，使改道；转移(注意力)；They

diverted

the

river

to

supply

water

to

the

town.他们使河流改道以便向城市供水。一阵喧闹声转移了

注意力。A

loud

noise

diverted

my

attention.More

words★1.Thedecisiontooptfor

composting混合肥料wasmadelargely

in

order

to

reduce

theneed

for

water

for

flushing

thetoilet.A.

sew B.

sow

C★.

sewage D.

sewn2. product

of

sucha

course

of

evolution

is

an

obligate

that

is

inextricably分不开linked

to

a

particularhost.A.

paradise B.parasitic C.

paraphrase

D★.

parasite3.Thesituationforteacherswithout

varies

according

tothe

circumstances

surrounding

thedismissal.A★.

tenure B.

tent C.

tendency D.

tenured4.Garthdoesn’twork;

hejustlives

offhis

.A.

inheritor B.

inherent C.

inherit

D.inheritance5.It

causes

many

complications,

includingsmall

placenta(胎盘)size, and

low

birth

weight..A.

stillborn

B★.

stillbirth C.

still-life. D.Stillwater6.Themarketwill

goods

that

yield

social

benefitsin

excess

of

private

benefits

and

will

consequentlyproduce

too

few

of

these

goods.A.

undervalue B.

devalue C.

underweight

D.

value7.

The

alert

library

mediaspecialist

will

haverecognized

at

oncethat is,

after

all,

a

kindof

integration.A.

majority B.

maintenance C.

mainstreamingD.mainframe(主机）8.Theyincludeanewwayofcontrolling

diseases,

and

of

administering

drugs

to

people

withchronic

diseases.A.

waterborne B.

water-sick(受涝的）

C.waterbedD.

watercure★★★abortion

earmark

cyclone

incinerationerall

circumstances.collate1r.Ealvenantheecdinoctarel

asiempprroopporiseetyd

wfeiltlupsut

praefsfosruersetaotnioCn

ongress

to

holddown

other

spending or

dip

into

funds

earmarked

for

Social

Security.2.Since

Pain

was

paying

no

attention

to

him,

he

decided

that