高中必考英语语法

高中必考英语语法(可打印)高中必考英语语法(可打印)高中必考英语语法(可打印)高考必考英语语法一.句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所表达的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或神情动词后边。WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtohealth.（动名词）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或拥有的特色和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语此后。谓语的构成以下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：（1）由神情动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特色和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）此后。Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）1Timeisup.Classisover.（副词）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后边。Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），比方：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），比方：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的特色或状态的。Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特色的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）Heisproudtohavepassedtheexamination.（不定式短语）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）（九）同位语：用来说明也许讲解同一事物或人，平时放在所说明的名词也许代词此后。可由以下形式表示：Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrother's.2Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody．★即时训练：指出以下句子划线部分是什么句子成分：Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.Hehandedmethenewspaper.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?15.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Henoticedamanentertheroom.Theapplestastedsweet.3二.英语句子分类一）句子种类两种分类法、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（必定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2）疑问句（一般、特别、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass4）惋惜句：Howclevertheboyis!、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.三.简单句的五种基本句型41、主语+系动词+表语：e.g.Heisastudent.2、主语+谓语（不及物动词）：e.g.Wework.3、主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语：e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.4、主语+谓语+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.5、主语+谓语+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.★即时训练：判断简单句的五种基本句型。1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.ItisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyouAllofusconsideredhimhonest.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.Theideasoundsgreat.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.I’llgetmyhaircuttomorrow.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.5四.定语从句讲解(1)（一）定义及相关术语．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词此后。．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词相关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why等。关系词平时有以下三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.该句中，whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定语从句，修饰先行词theman，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词theman，在定语从句中作主语。（二）定语从句的分类定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理史密斯昨年退休了，他从前是我的老师。（非限)Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou这里有人要和你说话(限制性)（二）关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词一览表6功能用于限制性从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句作用代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whomwhichthat定语whose(=ofwhose(=ofwhom)which)1．who指人，在定语从句中作主语。YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上议论的那个人。LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.李明正是我想要见的男孩。注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.3．Which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语经常可省略。Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔。Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。4．that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。7Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?我今天清早看到的那个人在哪儿？Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好。Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.春天今后的季节是夏季。YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。*详尽使用时还要注意以下问题：1、只能使用that,不用which的情况：*1）当先行词是：all,any,much;little;none;anything,everything,nothing或被它们修饰时。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有什么能够为你做的吗？Allthatcanbedonemustbedone.凡是能做的都必定做。2）当先行词被形容词的最高等或序数词修饰时。比方：Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.那是这家书店销售的最幽默的书之一。Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。*3）当先行词有：theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。比方：Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthat'smissing.我的项链不但是抛弃的东西。*4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that,不用which或who，以防备重复。比方：Whoisthegirlthatiswearingaredcoat?正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？*5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that。比方：Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.8你刚刚谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很出名。2、只用which不用that的情况：1)关系代词前有介词时；e.g.ThisistheroominwhichLuXunlived.2)非限制性定语从句中；作宾语用的关系代词也不能够省略。e.g.Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday*3)先行词自己是that时；e.g.Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime即时训练：Iwilltellhimallyoutoldmeattheball.Theonlythingwecoulddowastowait.ThefirstplacewevisitedwastheGreatWall.Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandthevillagesweremembered.5．Whose平时指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.我拜会了一个全国出名的科学家。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.我从前住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替：Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?9（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句经常由“介词+关系代词”引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.他从前就读过的学校很出名。Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。★即时训练：一、请解析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)Eg.1.AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.4.Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.二．定语从句易犯错误（改错）1．SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidn’tcome．2．Thebookthatyouneeditisinthelibrary．3．Anyonewhobreakthelawwillbepunished．4．Thosewhohasfinishedmaygohome．5．Childreneatalotofsugaroftenhavebadteeth．6．Thekeyopensthebikeismissing．7．Thehousewherehelivesinneedsrepairing．108．IstillrememberthedayonwhenIfirstcametoBeijing．9．Haveyouaskedherforthereasonwhymayexplainherabsence？10．Idon’tbelievethereasonwhyhehasgivenforhisbeinglate．三、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whoseThisistheman__________wantstoseeyou.Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.Iwillneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?Shehateseverything_____________ismodern.14.Shewroteabookaboutthepeopleandthings_____________impressedhermostdeeplyduringherstaythere.Heistheonlyperson_____________waspresentatthetime.Thisisthebestcar_____________ismadeinChina.定语从句讲解(2)11（一）关系副词引导的定语从句1．when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.我依旧记得我第一次抵达这所学校的那一天。2．where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.上海是我出生的城市。ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。※若是定语从句分别修饰point,situation,stage,condition,degree和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种情况中”（前提是从句中缺少状语）。3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.请告诉我你误机的原因。Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.他受处分的原因我们都不知道。Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.我不知道他今天为什么看上去不快乐。注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常能够用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：Fromtheyearswhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountryhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分了然的。总的说来,选择介词，一是依照从句中动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭配，二是依照先行词和介词的习惯12搭配，三是依照句子意思表达的需要。观察定语从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配①Thedocumentswhichtheyweresearchinghavebeenrecovered.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_______theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom(2004上海卷)看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配HereferredmetosomereferencebookswhichIamnotveryfamiliar.2.观察先行词与介词的搭配习惯这类考题经常要依照详尽的语境来选择介词。如：①I’llneverforgetthedaywhichshesaidgoodbyetome.TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich，观察依照句意确定介词①Tom,whomthewindowwasbroken,hasbeencriticizedbyhisteacher.②Iamlookingformyglasses,whichIcan’twatchTVclearly.Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m._____timemanypeoplehavegonehome.A.whoseB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不相同之处。详尽情况是：as和which都能够在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。2.as引导的非限制性定语从句能够放在主句从前、主句此后，甚至还可以够切割主句。which引导的非限13制性定语从句只可放在主句此后。别的，as经常有“正如、正像”的含义。如：Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.众所周知，中国是发展中国家。John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.正如你所知，约翰是个出名作家。注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词经常只用which。如：Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。1.当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，关系词常用as。如：I’veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.这部词典跟我上星期抛弃的相同。注意：当先行词受thesame修饰时，有时也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有差异。如：SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的相同的连衣裙。(三)以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句,并在定语从句中当方式状语时，用inwhich或that引导，而且平时能够省略。如：Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.他回答这些问题的方式令人惊诧。Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.我不喜欢你冲她的样子。（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较：14A.Iknowaplace________wecanhaveapicnic.。Iknowaplace___________isfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.B.Iwillneverforgetthedays__________wespentourholidaystogether.Iwillneverforgetthedays____________wespenttogether.C.Thisisthereason_________hewasdismissed.这就是他被解雇的原因。Thisisthereason____________heexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.(五)定语从句的其他要点在定语从句的使用中，oneof后边的名词是复数，这个复数名词限制后边的定语从句的谓语动词，用复数；而在oneof前面theonly时，后边引导的定语从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoiselected?Jasperisoneofthosepeoplewhoknowabouttheaccident.*先行词为time时，若time当“次数“讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that能够省略；若time当“一段时间，时代”讲时，应用关系副词when也许介词at/during+which引导定语从句。如：Thisisthesecondtime__________IhavevisitedtheGreatWall.Therewasatime______________Ihatedtogotoschool.牢固练习1.Thisisthebestfactory____wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.that2.Isthisthefactory____computersarebuilt?A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.inthat3.Pleasepassmethedictionary____coverisred.A.whoseB.itsC.whichD.whichof4.Theman____hasarrived.15A.whomItoldyouB.thatItoldyouC.whomItoldyouabouthimD.Itoldyouabout5.Doyouknowtheperson____wearetalking?A.towhomB.towhoC.whomD.tothat6.Theyvisitedthehouse___thegreatwriterwasborn.A.fromwhereB.inwhichC.whichD.inwhere7.Thecomrade___isspeakingatthemeetingismyteacher.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose8.Heaskedustowatchcarefullyeverything___hedidinclass.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.where9.I’llvisittheprofessortomorrow,_____hewillbebackfromShanghai.A.whoB.thatC.whenD.which10.Theschool___Istudyisanewone.A.onwhichB.atwhereC.onthatD.atwhich11.Chinahasmanyislands,___thelargestisTaiwan.A.inwhichB.atwhichC.whichD.ofwhich12.Thecity____mymothergrewupisnotfarfromhere.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.which13.Ourteacherlivesinthehouse____doorfacestothenorth.A.whichB.hisC.thatD.whose14.Doyouknowtheman___yourfathernodded?A.whomB.towhomC.towhoD.aboutwhom15.Wrestlingisasportin___peopleeasilygethurt.16A.thatB.whenC.whichD.what16.Itoldyou____Iknow.A.allthatB.allwhichC.allwhatD.allwhom17.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,one___isLuXun.A.ofwhichB.ofwhomC.ofwhoD.ofthem18.Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastyear?A.inwhichB.aroundthatC.whomD.theone19.Isthereanything____Icandoforyou,sir?A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.who20.Istillremembertheday____shefirstworethatgreendress.A.whichB.inwhichC.onthatD.onwhich21.Hewroteseveralsongslastyear,andthreeof_____wereverypopularamongyoungpeople.A.themB.whichC.whatD.that22.Doyouremembertheday_____wespent_____climbingMountTailastsummer?A.\;goingB.when;ingoingC.onwhich;goingD.which;togo23.I’llneverforgetthedays____weplayedtogetherinourchildhood.A.whichB.thatC.\D.when24.Thereason_____hewaslatewas_____hegotuptoolate.A.why,thatB.that,whyC.why,becauseD.that,because25.Thereason______hetoldussoundsreasonable.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.forwhich26.Thenews______hehaswonthemedalistrueA.thatB.whichC.\D.what1727.Thenews______hetoldusisnottrue.Whichisnotright?A.thatB.whichC.\D.what28.Thehouse_____havebeenbroken_____toberepaired.A.whichwindows,needsB.whosewindow,needsC.thewindowofit,needD.thewindowsofwhich,needs29.Thechildren____parentsdiedhasjustbeensenttoanorphan’shouse.A.hisB.thatC.whoseD.which30.Heistheonlyoneofthestudents______latethismorning.A.whoisB.whowasC.whoareD.whowere比较练习：（填空）Theschool_______________heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolin_______________heoncestudiedisveryfamous.TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine_______________youaskedfor.TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazinefor_______________youasked.We'llgotohearthefamoussinger_______________wehaveoftentalkedabout.We'llgotohearthefamoussingerabout_______________wehaveoftentalked.(7)Thisisthewatch_______________Iamlookingfor.Themanwith_______________youtalkedismyfriend.Theplanein_______________weflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.Helovedhisparentsdeeply;bothof_______________areverykindtohim.(11)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someof_______________havegonebad.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostof_______________arefrombigcities.Iwillneverforgettheday__________Ifirstwenttoschool.18Iwillneverforgettheday__________wespentinBeijing.(14).Thehouse__________wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.Thehouse______Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.Doyoulikethebook____________shespent$10?Doyoulikethebook____________shepaid$10?Doyoulikethebook____________shelearnedalot?二、直击高考用合适的关系代词或关系副词填空。Theweatherwasverysunnythefollowingday,________waswhatweexpected.Themanabout_______youtoldmetheotherdayturnedouttobeathief.Ihavefinishedreadingallthebooks________wereborrowedfromtheschoollibrary.Hewrotealotofwell-receivednovels,mostof_______weretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.Icannotforgetthetime_________Istayedinthecountrywiththosefarms______isreportedinthenewspaper,thewarbetweenthetwocountrieshascometoastopLuXun,______nameisZhouShuren,wrotelotsofnovelsandessays.Doyoustillrememberthehappydays_______wespenttogetherinBeijing.Hecameouttopintheexam,______madehisfamilyveryhappy.19Isthisthereason_____heislateagain?Idon’tthinkthereason_______heexplainatthemeetingwasreasonable.Thedaysaregone_____physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.Thestudentsaretalkingaboutthestrangepeopleandstories_______theymetintheadventure.14.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofIhadevermetbefore.15.IhavereachedapointinmylifeIamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.16.Childrenwhoarenotactiveordietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.17.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake18.Aftergraduatingfromcollege，Itooksometimeofftogotravelling，turnedouttobeawisedecision.II.单句改错1.Shebroughtforwardaplanwhichwedidn’tagree.Itiswellknown,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinarecently.Hetalkedofthingsandpersonswhomhehadseenabroad.Youcancometoseemetomorrowmorning,whichIwillbefree.TheplacewhereintereststhechildrenmostisDisneyland.WhenpeopletalkaboutthefamousscenicspotinChina,thefirstonecomesintomindistheGreatWall.DoyouhaveanythingwhichImustdoforyou?Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.ThisisthemonitorherEnglishisthebestinourclass.Asyouknowit,hehasleftforAustralia.20Themeetingwasputoff,thatwasexactlywhatwewanted.Idon'tlikethewaywhichyoutreatyourmother.Hetoldthegoodnewstothosewhowaspresentatthemeeting.Isthisthepenyourfatherboughtitforyou?Haveyoubeentothecompanywheresheworksthere?MothercamebackonDecember21whenwasmybirthday.IshallneverforgetthedayswhenIspentwithyou.Isthisallwhatyouwanttosay?Helivedinahouse,infrontofitheplantedsomebeautifulflowers.五.名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。所以，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。（一）引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词：who,whose,whom,what,which。有词义，在从句中担当作分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词：when,where,why,how。有词义，在从句中担当作分，作状语。3、连接词：that,whether,if,asif。that无词义，在从句中不担当作分，有时可省略；if(whether),asif虽有词义，但在从句中不担当作分。注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，所以从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether和if（可否），asif（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。依照句义，若是连接代词与连接副词，whether、if和asif都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that21自己无任何含义）。（二）主语从句、主语从句在复合句作主语。e.g.Whowillgoisnotimportant.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。e.g.Itdoesn’tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.3、that引导主语从句时，不能够省略。e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.（三）表语从句、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词此后。e.g.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。e.g.Myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.（四）宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。e.g.Ihope(that)everythingisallright.2、介词此后的宾语从句，不能用which或if连接，要分别用what或whether。e.g.I’minterestedinwhetheryou’vefinishedthework..I’minterestedinwhatyou’vesaid.3、whether与if都能够引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能够互换。①宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用，就不能够换成if；不直接连用，可换。e.g.Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.Idon’tknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.22②介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导退步状语从句，以上均不能够换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能够用whether。e.g.Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.Theydon’tknowwhethertogothere.Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.（五）同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等）此后，说明该名词的详尽内容。e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.即时练习：一、判断以下各句哪句含出名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.Thetruththattheearthturnaroundthesunisknowntoall.Itwassnowingwhenhearrivedatthestation.Howhepersuadedthemanagertochangetheplanisinterestingtousall.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.ThatiswhereLuXunusedtolive.Hespokeasifheunderstoodwhathewastalkingabout.Doyourememberthe