中考语法专项-被动语态

语法聚焦 被动语态中考考情分析被动语态的考查上。考查的题型一般是单项选择，词形转化题。被动语态的短语动词，才能构成被动语态。各种时态被动语态的构成见下表：时态一般现在时

被动语态构成is/am/are+done

例句Theclassroomiscleanedeveryday.教室每天都被打扫。一般过去时 was/were+done Thedumplingsweremadeyesterday.饺子是昨天包的。一般将来时 Shall/will+be+done Anewhospitalwillbebuiltnextyear.明年一个新的医院将被建成。含有情态动词 情态动词+be+done Theworkmustbefinishedontime.必须按时完成这项工作。第1页共4页被动语态的用法：⑴.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.昨天晚上好一些新电脑被偷了。⑴.强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。Thehomeworkmustbehandedinontime.作业必须按时交上来。⑴.说话或发表意见时，为了显得客观公正，也常用被动语态。常用句型：It’ssaid据说...... Itisreportedthat...据报道......It’shoped希望...... Itisbelievedthat...人们相信......Itis(well)knownthat...众所周知......主动语态转化为被动语态的方法：⑴.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。⑴.把谓语动词变成被动结构（be+过去分词），注意虽然其人称和数随主语的变化而变化，但动词的时态保持不变。⑴.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，若主语是人称代词，则把主格变为宾格（by短语可以省略）⑴.其他的成分（定语、状语）不变。主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词主动语态+动作承受着被动语态：动作承受着+谓语动词主动形式+动作执行者WespeakChineseChineseisspokenbyus我们说汉语。WespeakChineseChineseisspokenbyus被动语态的几种特殊情况：⑴makeseewatchhear,notice,feeltoto.第2页共4页Ioftenseetheoldmanruninthemorning.我经常看见这位老人在早上跑步。Theoldmanisoftenseentoruninthemorning.这位老人经常被看见在早上跑步。⑴一些短语动词用于被动语态时，短语动词应视为一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。Thelittledogmustbelookedafterwell.这条小狗必须被好好照顾。主动语态表示被动语态意义的几种情况：⑴不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见的动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,driver,keep等。Thebookssellwell.这些书销售得很好。⑴⑴系动词无被动语态.Theapplestastenice.苹果尝起来很好吃。Theflowerssmellsweet.花闻起来很香。⑴不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.这个问题是很难回答的。⑴“have/get+宾语+过去分词”这个结构也表达了一种被动的意思。I’llhavethebikerepairedsoon.我将尽快让人修理这辆自行车。⑴在need后面。主动的-ing形式表达被动的意思。Yourvegetablesneedwatering.你的蔬菜需要浇水了。考点过关检测( )1.Manystudents chancestoshowthemselvesin classbecauseclasssizeistoobig.A.don’tgive B.aren’tgiven C.haven’tgiven D.won’tgive( )2.—Themeeting becauseofthesmoginNorthernChinalastweek.—Oh,it’stoobad!Weshouldtakeactiontoimprovetheairquality.A.putout B.wasputoutC.putoff D.wasput( )3.—Lookatthesignontheright!—Oh,smoking here.A.isn’tallowed B.doesn’tallow第3页共4页C.didn’tallow D .wasn’tallowed( )4.—IamafraidthatIcan’tfinishthetasksuccessfully.—Don’tworry.You plentyoftimetodoit.A.willbegiven B.give C.willgive D.giving( )5.IwanttoknowifanEnglishsingingcompetition nextmonth.A.willhold B.willbeheld C.holds D.is( )6.Nowadaystheoldshould inoursociety.A.betakengoodcare B.betakengoodcareofC.betakenwellcare D.takegoodcareof( )7.—“Chinese bymanypeopleallovertheworldtoday.”—“Yes,Iagreewithyou.”A.learnt B.islearn C.islearnt D.( )8. —HowoftendoIneedtofeedthedog?—It foodeveryday,oritwillhungry.A.mustgive B.mustbegiveC.mustbegiven D.mustbegave( )9.Thepetdogiswarmandloving.It asadaughterofmyfamily.A.treats B.treated C.istreated D.wastreated( )10.Ican’tunderstandwhatthebookisaboutbecauseit inEnglish.A.writes B.willwrite C.willbewritten D.iswritten( )11.ShenzhouX,China’sfifthmannedspacecraft, intospaceonJune11,2013.A.hassent B.wassent C.willsent D.is( )12.Millionsoftrees everyyear.A.areplantedB.planted C.bepanted D.wereplanted( )13.Chinese inmanyschoolsaroundtheworld.Manypeoplelovetolearnit.A.teaches B.isteaching C.hastaught D.istaught( )14.—Tellmeonethingyou’reproudofinyourjuniorhighschool,Tony.—I