广东高考试题英语语法填空

广东高考试题英语语法填空广东高考试题英语语法填空广东高考试题英语语法填空V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考广东高考试题英语语法填空日期：20xx年X月广东高考试题英语语法填空答题规律

一、命题揭秘

材料短文特点(1)短文体裁：近三年都是记叙文。建议：备考练习不局限于此，应各种体裁的文章都要练习。

(2)短文题材：生活经历或成语故事，其内容或体现文化内涵，或给人心灵以启迪等。

(3)短文难度：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词。

(4)短文长度：170——200词。

二、考试大纲说明

阅读下面短文,

按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,

在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,

并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31~40的相应位置上.

三、真题再现

知识点分布:

动词（含非谓语）,形容词,

连词,

介词,

代词,

冠词,

名词

2009年语法填空

本文讲叙Jane在圣诞节给父亲选礼物，因往年送父亲领带不能使父亲高兴，满以为这次买烟斗送父亲会让父亲高兴的，买回来后却被告知父亲戒烟了。

Jane

was

walking

round

the

department

store.

She

remembered

how

difficult

31

was

to

choose

a

suitable

Christmas

present

for

her

father.

She

wished

that

he

was

as

easy

32

(please)

as

her

mother,

who

was

always

delighted

with

perfume.

31.

it。在宾语从句中作形式主语，真正的主语是to

choose…。

32.

to

please。在形容词后作状语，只能用动词不定式，且用主动形式表示被动含义。

Besides,

shopping

at

this

time

of

the

year

was

not

33

pleasant

experience:

people

stepped

on

your

feet

or

34

(push)

you

with

their

elbows

(肘部),

hurrying

ahead

to

get

to

a

bargain.

Jane

paused

in

front

of

a

counter

35

some

attractive

ties

were

on

display.

“They

are

real

silk,”

the

assistant

tried

to

attract

her.

“Worth

double

the

price.”

But

Jane

knew

from

past

experience

that

her

36

(choose)

of

ties

hardly

ever

pleased

her

father.

33.

a。表示“一次”愉快的经历。

34.

pushed。与stepped并列，也用一般过去时。

35.

where。因两句之间没有连词，必定是填连接性词语；后句是定语从句，要填的词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。

36.

choice。在形容词性物主代词后一定是用名词形式。

Jane

stopped

where

a

small

crowd

of

men

had

gathered.

She

found

some

good

quality

pipes

37

sale.

She

did

not

hesitate

for

long:

although

her

father

smoked

a

pipe

only

once

in

a

while,

she

knew

that

this

was

a

present

which

was

bound

to

please

38

.

When

Jane

got

home,

with

her

small

but

well-chosen

present

in

her

bag,

her

parents

were

already

39

table

having

supper.

Her

mother

was

excited.

“Your

father

has

at

last

decided

to

stop

smoking,”

Jane

40

(inform).

37.

on。因表示“出售”的on

sale是固定搭配。

38.

him。给父亲买礼物，根据常识应是使父亲高兴，代替“父亲”，作宾语用人称代词宾格。please

him

使他高兴。

39.

at。名词(table)在句中不作主语，也不作动词的宾语，很可能就是作介词的宾语；由having

supper可知，填at；因为at

table表示“在餐桌边，在进餐”，也是习惯搭配。

40.

was

informed。因Jane与inform是被动关系，又是一般过去时,故用一般过去时的被动语态。

2008年语法填空

Chinese

proverbs

are

rich

and

they

are

still

widely

used

in

Chinese

people’s

daily

life.

31

these

proverbs

there

are

often

interesting

stories.

For

example,

the

proverb,

“plucking

up

a

crop

32

(help)

it

grow”,

is

based

on

the

following

story.

31.

Behind。指“在中国的这些成语故事的背后常常有有趣的故事”，表示“在……之后”，用介词behind。

32.

to

help。因“帮助禾苗长”是“将禾苗拔高”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式。

It

is

said

that

a

short-tempered

man

in

the

Song

Dynasty

(960—1279)

was

very

anxious

to

help

33

rice

crop

grow

up

quickly.

He

was

thinking

about

34

day

and

night.

But

the

crop

was

growing

much

slower

than

he

expected.

One

day,

he

came

up

with

an

idea

35

he

would

pluck

up

all

of

his

crop

a

few

inches.

He

did

so

the

next

day.

33.

his。由his

crop,

the

crop可知，此处填限定词；这个急性子人当然是急于使他自己的禾苗长得快，故填his。

34.

it/this。代替前文中的(how)

to

help

his

crop

grow

up

quickly。

35.

that。引导同位语从句，说明idea的具体内容，名词性从句的结构和意义已非常完整，故用that引导。

He

was

very

tired

36

doing

this

for

a

whole

day,

37

he

felt

very

happy

since

the

crop

did

“grow”

38

(high).

His

son

heard

about

this

and

went

to

see

the

crop.

Unfortunately

the

leaves

of

the

crop

began

to

wither.

36.

after

/from。因“他感到很累”应是“在他做了一整天事之后”，表示“在……之后”，动名词前面用介词after；另外be

tired

from

doing(因做某事而累)是固定搭配，故也可填from。

37.

but。因very

happy与前面的very

tired是转折关系，而这两句之间是逗号且没有连词，故填连词but。

38.

higher。指比他pluck

up

a

few

inches之前“长”得更高了，这是省略了than

before的隐性的比较级。

This

proverb

is

saying

we

have

to

let

things

go

in

their

39

(nature)

course.

Being

too

anxious

to

help

an

event

develop

often

40

(result)

in

the

contrary

to

our

intention.

39.

natural。在名词course前作定语，要用形容词。

40.

results。此句Being

too

anxious

to

help

an

event

develop是动名词短语作主语，result应是谓语动词，应当考虑的是它的时态；“急于求成，往往会事与愿违”是客观真理，应当用一般现在时；动名词作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填results。

2012年语法填空

Mary

will

ever

forget

the

first

time

she

saw

him.

He

suddenly

appeared

in

class

one

day,

__16_(

wear

)

sun

glasses.

He

walked

in

as

if

he

__17___(

buy

)

the

school

,

And

the

word

quickly

got

around

that

he

was

from

New

York

City

.

For

some

reason

he

sat

beside

Mary.

Mary

felt

__18

_

(

please

),

because

there

were

many

empty

seats

in

the

room.

But

she

quickly

realized

that

it

wasn’t

her,

it

was

probably

the

fact

that

she

sat

in

__19___last

row.

_

20__

he

thought

he

could

escape

attention

by

sitting

at

the

back

,he

was

wrong

.

It

might

have

made

it

a

little

__21__(

hard

)

for

everybody

because

it

meant

they

had

to

turn

around

,but

that

didn’t

stop

the

kids

in

the

class.

Of

course

whenever

they

turned

to

look

at

him,

they

had

to

look

at

Mary,_22_made

her

feel

like

a

star

.

“Do

you

need

those

glasses

for

medical

reasons

”

the

teacher

asked

.The

new

boy

shook

his

head.”

Then

I’d

appreciate

it

if

you

didn’t

wear

them

in

class.

I

like

to

look

at

your

eyes

when

I’m

speaking

to

you.”

The

new

boy

looked

at

the

teacher

__23__

a

few

seconds

and

all

the

other

students

wondered

__24__

the

boy

would

do

.Then

he

took

__25_

off,

gave

a

big

smile

and

said

“That

is

cool."

16.

wearing

17.

had

bought

19.

the

20.

If

21.

harder

考点设置

就命题形式而言，纯空格题设6—7个小题；用括号中所给词的适当形式填空设3—4个小题。

特别说明：

各类从句的“引导词”，如引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词、连词(whether,

if,

that)，引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词，引导状语从句的从属连词，以及连接并列句的并列连词，都被称为“连接词”。

理由是：

1.从功能上讲，都有连接句子与句子的作用；

2.从这类试题的解题方法上看，判断的方式也是相同的。

我们就语法填空的复习重点和应关注的冷点，归纳提示如下：

(1)近三年来，“纯空格题”只考了冠词、介词、代词和连接词以及功能性结构副词等四类词；“用括号中所给词的适当形式填空”考了谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、词类转换等。

(2)介词、连接词、动词每年都有两道小题，由此可见，这是考查的重点，也是复习训练的重点。

(3)冠词：在三年中有两年都是考查不定冠词的最基本的用法，表示“一个(次/本…)”，这无疑是复习和训练的重点，但也要关注不定冠词的其他用法，同时注意定冠词的基本用法。

(4)代词：三年来主要考查了在句中作宾语的人称代词宾语、只能在名词前作定语的形容词性物主代词、it的用法和不定代词。备考中，除重点关注已考的热点外，也不要忽视反身代词和疑问代词。

(5)连接词：三年来考查了引导宾语从句的连接代词who、引导同位语从句的that、引导定语从句的关系副词where(三年考了两年)、表示转折的并列连词but，这些仍是复习的重点；备考中，要训练名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句；状语从句、定语从句的连接词。

如何判断名词性从句

规律：

可以从从句所处的位置判断是主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句还是表语从句。

注意：名词性从句中如果缺少主语、宾语

或

表语时常填

what;

(whatever)

;

who

(whoever)

(6)动词：时态重点考查一般过去时和一般现在时，也要留意一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等各种时态。语态只考查了一般过去时的被动语态，一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态值得重视。

非谓语动词重复考的是不定式作状语，过去分词、动词-ing形式。

(7)词类转换：主要考查各类词在句中的最基本用法：作主语和宾语用名词，作定语、表语、补语用形容词，做状语要用副词。懂得了这些基本用法之后，就是要掌握构词法的基本知识，将其合理转换。

特别提醒：

(1)在纯空格题中，没有要求根据上下文填写名词、动词、拼写较长的形容词和副词。其原因有二：一是根据语境推测出要填哪一个名词、动词、形容词或副词，这正好是完形填空要考查的内容，若在语法填空中考查，是越权，是多管闲事；二是“语法填空”顾名思义是考语法，而根据语境填这四类词同语法规则关系不大，与“语法填空”名不符实。

不过，less,

more,

most，much,

few，fewer,

fewest等词是可能在纯空格类题中考查的，因为这涉及到语法——比较等级。so,

therefore,

however等词虽然也是副词但它们属于功能结构性副词。

(2)倒装句中的助动词和强调谓语动词的助动词(do,

does,

did)，以及强调结构中的it和that等都可能在纯空格题中进行考查，这主要是考查对由“it

is

….that…”

引出的几种从句的的辨析能力；名词的数或所有格（至今未考过）也可能在“用括号中词语的正确形式填空”中进行考查，千万不可忽视。

答案特点

(1)纯空格题：试题要求中已明文规定“在空格处填入一个适当的词”，即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词。五年高考题的答案印证了这一点。

(2)用括号中所给词的适当形式填空：试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”，这个词的“正确形式”，不可以出现所给词以外的其它词。究竟由几个单词组成没有规定，五年高考题的答案是填一个或两个单词。2009年有两个小题需要填两个单词，一个是不定式，一个是被动语态。

(3)要求填的词(即答案)都是一些拼写简单的单词，平均每词约4-6个字母。

(4)三年中有两年各有一小题所填词位于句首，此时第一个字母要注意大写。

特别提醒

尽管近五年高考中“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”的答案只填一个或两个单词，但是我们在平时的训练中应当不局限于此，要训练填一个、两个或多个单词的情况。非谓语动词中，带to的不定式、现在分词的完成式都可能填两个单词；谓语动词的将来时、进行时和完成时等也都可能填两个单词，而现在完成进行时等就可能填三个单词，被动语态至少都要填两个单词。

二、解题揭秘

三个解题步骤

(1)通读全文，了解大意。步骤：概读理解

–

分析填空

–

连贯检查

既然是利用语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前，应快速浏览短文，了解全文大意，这一步非常重要。

（2）分析思路

词法——句法——篇章——惯用法

(3)试填空格，后难先易。

读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定的语境(也就是上下文)，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，再根据句子的意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。具体方法，请看以下“解题思路大全”。

(4)重读全文，解决难题。

在解题过程中要先易后难，难题在大部分空格填好后，再经过仔细推敲，难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。

（5）通读全文,理解大意；检查搭配,

前后连贯；根据篇章,

确定语义；分析句子,确定词性；

语法填空的答题过程归根到底其实就是寻找依据．每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据。

解题思路大全

中文误导错常见，定势思维分要减。

插入成分要分清，句型信息更关键。

妙诀赠君记心间，是否有效靠多练。

题型分析过了关，百三百四只等闲。

三、答题思路(1)纯空格试题。首先，分析句子结构确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。我们知道，语法填空空格在形式上主要有二种类型：

(1)纯空格题（无提示词）：通常考——冠词、代词(形容词性物主代词、人称代词、不定代词、指示代词、反身代词

)、介词、和连词、从句引导词。(2)用括号中所给词填空：通常考——谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致、.非谓语动词、词类转换等。两个分句结构连接,考查语法点:

各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法1.…The

exam,

________was

originally

to

be

held

in

our

classroom,

was

changed

to

the

library

at

the

last

minute.(08广州二模)2…the

head

of

the

village

was

tying

up

his

horse

to

my

car

to

pull

it

to

a

small

town

some

20

kilometres

away

________there

was

a

garage.

(2007广东高考)3.

It

is

such

an

important

issue

______

we

couldn’t

afford

to

ignore.

(08仲元）4.

We

shouldn’t

spend

our

money

testing

so

many

people,

most

of

________

are

healthy.（08茂名二模）which

where

as

whom四、具体分析方法

（一）纯空格题

1、缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。

[例1]

I

can

send

a

message

to

Kenya

whenever

I

want

to,

and

__38_

gets

there

almost

in

a

second.

(茂名一模)

解析：and连接前后两个句子，and后面的句子缺主语，应填名词或代词；结合前一分句，不难推知，“马上可到达那里”的是the

message，替代the

message用代词it。

2、名词前是空格，若该名词前没有限定词，很可能是填冠词his,

their等形容词性物主代词，或some,

any,

other(s),

another等限定词。

[例2]

It

is

said

that

a

short-tempered

man

in

the

Song

Dynasty

(960—1279)

was

very

anxious

to

help

__33

rice

crop

grow

up

quickly.

(2008年广东高考)

解析：名词rice

crop前还没有限定词，应当填限定词；根据句意，这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的”禾苗长得快，故填形容词性物主代词his。

[例3]

…the

head

of

the

village

was

tying

up

his

horse

to

my

car

to

pull

it

to__35_small

town

some

20

kilometres

away

where

there

was

a

garage.

(2007年广东高考)

解析：因单数可数名词town前还没有限定词，应填限定词；根据句意，是指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的一个小镇上去修理，表示“一个”，用不定冠词，故填a。

3、名词或代词前面是空格，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，很可能是填介词。

[例4]

The

little

boy

pulled

[33]________

right

hand

out

of

the

pocket

…

（his）

[例5]

…

who

should

have

the

honour

of

receiving

me

33

a

guest

in

their

house.

(2007年广东高考)

解析：因a

guest在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语，前面一定是填介词，使其成为该介词的宾语；又由句意可知，他们“把我当作客人”来接待，表示“当作”，用介词as。

4、若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。

[例6]

…two

world-famous

artists,

Pablo

Picasso

34

Candido

Portinari,

which

are

worth

millions

of

dollars.

解析：因与Pablo

Picasso

(毕加索)与Candido

Portinari

(坎迪多•波尔蒂纳里)这两个名词之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，应填and。

[例7]

…all

I

saw

was

this

beautiful

girl,

whose

smile

just

melted

me

36

almost

instantly

gave

me

a

completely

new

sense

of

what

life

is

all

about.

(2008年深圳一模)

解析：因melted

me和gave

me两个动宾短语之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，故填and。

5、若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连接词。

[例8]

I

wanted

to

see

as

much

of

the

city

as

possible

in

the

two

days

32

I

was

to

return

to

Guangzhou.

(2008年广州一模)

解析：因I

wanted

to…是一个句子，I

was

to

return…也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间的逻辑关系，可知“参观这个城市的尽可能多的地方”应是在“返回广州”之前，故填before。

[例9]

He

was

very

tired

after

doing

this

for

a

whole

day,

37

he

felt

very

happy…

(2008年广东高考)

解析：因He

was

very

tired…是一个句子，he

felt

very

happy…也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系，可知“干了一整天活累极了”与“感到非常高兴”是转折关系，故填but。

6、若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do,

does,

did等)。

[例10

What

is

acceptable

in

one

country

31

be

considered

extremely

rude

in

another.

(珠三角五校联考)

解析：句中What

is

acceptable

in

one

country是主语从句，空格后的be

considered是谓语；因其中的be是原形，故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词does(由语境可知是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数)；由句意及作者的语气可知，需填表示“可能”的情态动词may。

[例11]

He

had

no

time

or

energy

to

play

with

his

children

or

talk

with

his

wife,

but

he

________

bring

home

a

regular

salary.

解析：这是一个由but连接的并列句，由前一分句的谓语动词had是一般过去时可知，后一分句的谓语动词bring也应用一般过去时；可是，bring却用的是原形，既与语境的时态不符，也与主语he不一致，该句不是倒装句，因此，此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的助动词did；由句意和作者的语气推测，应当填对谓语动词表示强调的助动词did(的确)。

7、若缺状语，一定是填副词(在纯空中考的可能性不大)。（例句略）

8、由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。

(1)由it

is…that…强调结构形式，判断填it还是that。

[例12]

…and

40

was

only

after

I

heard

she

became

sick

that

I

learned

she

couldn’t

eat

MSG

(味精)!

(广州一模)

解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填it。

(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only,

so,

neither,

nor,

never,

hardly,

seldom,

not,

until,

had等，还是填do,

does,

did等。

[例13]

_______with

hard

work

can

you

expect

to

get

pay

rise.

解析：由can

you

expect

to…可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词only，因为“only

+状语(with

hard

work)”放在句首，句子要用倒装。

(3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。如：

[例14]

…as

32

took

them

just

three

minutes

to

steal

paintings

by

two

world-famous

artists…

(2008年佛山二模)

解析：由句式结构可知，这是it

takes,

sb.

some

time

to

do

sth.句型，本句的不定式to

steal

paintings是真正的主语，空格处填形式主语it。

[例15]

Dating

sites

also

make

36

easy

to

avoid

someone

whom

you

are

not

interested

in.

(2008年惠州二模)

解析：由句式结构可知，to

avoid…是真正的宾语，easy是宾补，空格处应填作形式宾语的it。

(4)so

/such…that…句型。如：

[例16]

This

made

the

goat

so

jealous___34___it

began

plotting

against

(谋划对付)

the

donkey.

(2007年惠州二模)

解析：由句式结构可知，这是so…that…句型，应填that。

(5)more…than…

(与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型。

[例17]

Cynthia’s

story

shows

vividly

that

people

remember

more

how

much

a

manager

cares

40

how

much

he

pays.

(深圳宝安期末)

解析：由句式结构可知，这是more…than…句型，故填that。句意是与经理所给的报酬相比，雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心。

(二)给出了动词的试题。

1、动词不在主语或宾语的位置

首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。

若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。

[例18]

His

fear

of

failure

____36____(keep)

him

from

classroom

games

that

other

children

played

with

joyous

abandon.

(2008年深圳一模)

解析：因主语His

fear

of

failure后没有别的谓语动词，需填的动词应为谓语动词；因主语与keep是主动关系，应用主动语态；由从句谓语动词played可知，要用一般过去时，故填kept。

[例19]

That

was

definitely

not

an

attractive

idea

so

I

politely

declined

her

invitation,

40

(close)

my

book

and

walked

away.

(2008年广州一模)

解析：虽然句中已有谓语动词declined，但由and

walked可知，所填词与declined和walked是并列关系，所以也用一般过去式closed。

[例20]

In

Logan,

three

people

__38__

(take)

to

a

hospital,

while

others

were

treated

at

a

local

clinic.

(梅州二模)

解析：因主语three

people与take是被动关系，即三个人被送进医院，故用被动语态；由were

treated可知，要用一般过去时，故填were

taken。

若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：

2、作主语或宾语，通常用—ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。

[例21]

…but

it

is

not

enough

only

35

(memorize)

rules

from

a

grammar

book.

(佛山一模)

解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填to

memorize。

[例20]

_______

(speak)

out

your

inner

feeling

won’t

make

you

feel

ashamed,

on

the

contrary…

解析：句中已有谓语won’t

make，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。

3、作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。如：

[例22]

_______

(complete)

the

project

as

planned,

we’ll

have

to

work

two

more

hours

a

day.

解析：因句中已有谓语will

have

to

work，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填To

complete。

[例23]

Some

people

say

that

oldest

children,

who

are

smart

and

strong-willed,

are

very

likely

___33

(succeed).

(2008年佛山一模)

解析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填to

succeed。

4、作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。这样的题一般要特别注意空格前的逗号。

[例24]

He

saw

the

stone,

37

(say)

to

himself:

“The

night

will

be

very

dark.”

(2008年东莞一模)

解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。

[例25]

The

headmaster

went

into

the

lab,

________

(follow)

by

the

foreign

guests.

解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因the

headmaster与follow是被动关系，故用过去分词作伴随状语。

5、不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用—ing形式，是被动关系用—ed形式。

[例26]

There

will

be

a

meeting,

__40__

(start)

later

this

year

to

review

the

film.

(2008年广州二模)

解析：因a

meeting与start是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明a

meeting，故填starting。

[例27]

Lessons

39

(learn)

in

sports

can

help

us

in

our

dealing

with

other

people.

(广东考试说明)

解析：因句中已有谓语can

help，所以learn应为非谓语动词；又因lesson与learn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填learned。

特别提醒

有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，而是要求词类转换。如：

[例28]

But

Jane

knew

from

past

experience

that

her

___36___

(choose)

of

ties

hardly

ever

pleased

her

father.

(2009年广东)

分析：括号中所给词choose虽然是动词，但在句中作主语，且在形容词性物主代词后，应当填choose的名词形式choice。

(三)词类转换题

根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。

①作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。如：

[例29]

The

youngster

immediately

fell

________

(silence)

as

tears

flew

down

from

his

big

blue

eyes.

解析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，故填silent。

[例30]

In

a

________

(danger)

part

of

the

sea

off

the

coast

of

New

Zealand,

they

learnt

to…

解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填dangerous。

[例31]

Teachers

must

try

their

best

to

make

most

of

their

students

________

(interest)

in

the

subject.

解析：因所填词在句中作宾语most

of

their

students的补足语，用形容词；表示“感兴趣”，填interested。

②作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。

[例30]

When

China’s

ancient

scientific

and

technological

________

(achieve)

are

mentioned,

the

nation

will

generally

refer

to

the

Four

Great

Inventions.

解析：在时间状语从句中，要求填的词作主语，China’s

ancient

scientific

and

technological是主语的定语；作主语要用名词，又由are可知，主语是复数，故填achievements。

[例31]

These

people

have

made

great

__39

(contribute)

to

China

with

their

work.

(茂名二模)

解析：在句中作及物动词have

made的宾语，要用名词形式；表示作贡献，其前面没有不定冠词时，习惯上用复数，故填contributions。

③在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。如：

[例32]

…the

remains

date

from

this

period

because

of

their

__38__

(similar)

to

those

found

elsewhere.

(2008年广州二模)

解析：在形容词性物代词(their)后应当用名词，故填similarities。

[例33]

With

the

large

numbers

of

students,

the

________

(operate)

of

the

system

does

involve

a

certain

amount

of

activity.

解析：在冠词后，要用名词，故填operation。

④修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：

[例34]

As

I

looked

32

(close)

at

this

girl,

I

fount

that…

(2008年深圳一模)

解析：修饰动词looked，作状语，用副词，故填closely。

[例35]

There

must

be

something

40

(serious)

wrong

with

our

society.

(2008潮州期末)

解析：要求填的词修饰形容词wrong，作状语，用副词，故填seriously。

[例36]

Singles

are

flocking(涌向)

to

the

Internet

33

(main)

because

their

busy

lifestyles

leave

them

little

time…

(2008年惠州三模)

解析：修饰because引导的原因状语从句，修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词，故填mainly。

⑤有可能是词义转换题，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un—,

im—等，在词根后加—less等。如：

[例37]

People

certainly

have

a

variety

of

reasons

for

going

back

to

school

but

one

important

thing

to

know

is,

no

knowledge

is

________

(use).

解析：作表语要用形容词；又由句意可知，作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的”，故填useless。

[例38]

Your

mistake

caused

a

lot

of

________

(necessary)

work

in

the

office.

解析：在名词前作定语，仍用形容词形式；但根据句意，“错误引起了许多不必要的麻烦事”，故填unnecessary。

⑥括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。

[例39]

…there

was

a

lot

of

information

about

the

city’s

well-known

tourist

34

(attract)…

(2008年广州一模)

解析：尽管attract是动词，但这是考查词类转换的；在句中作介词about的宾语，用名词，故填attractions。

[例40]

The

other

frog

went

on

jumping

as

hard

as

he

could…He

jumped

even

__36_

(hard)

and

finally

made

himself

out.

(2008年期末)

解析：联系前句，又有even(更加)的提示，可知这里用比较级，故填harder。

四、点睛技巧

语法填空要求考生阅读一篇短文，然后按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求完成10道语法填空题。做题要求：一是在空格处填入适当的词；二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

1．语法填空的考查范围

(1)语境测试(上下文)；

(2)语法测试：动词、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级与最高级及构词法、倒装等。

①动词：时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词等；

②引导词：一些从句的使用，

如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等；

③形容词、副词、名词、动词之间的词型、词性转换，

形容词与副词的比较级、最高级等；

④介词：一些常用介词的基本用法、介词短语的用法；

⑤名词、冠词：注意名词的单数、复数、可数、不可数以及冠词的特殊性用法；

⑥代词：注意代词所指代的对象和前后对应的关系；

⑦并列词：and,

so,

or,

otherwise等表示并列、对比的词，以及表示承接、转折的副词therefore,

however的用法；

⑧句型：要求归纳整理，

并且牢固掌握一些基本常用句型，

如：

not...until...;

not

only...but

(also)．..;

so...that...;

not...but...;

as...as...;

either...or...；more...than...;

neither...nor...；such...that...；hardly...when...;

no

sooner...than...等。2．语法填空的能力要求

(1)阅读/理解语篇的能力；

(2)分析句子结构的能力；

(3)熟练运用语法的能力；

(4)单词拼写能力。3.

态度要求•

不断记忆，积累词汇•

夯实基础，学好语法•

大声朗读，培养语感•

坚持不懈，多做练习专题一记叙文型语法填空

专题导读

记叙文体裁主要是记人、叙事、写景、状物一类的文章，是常见的文体。在语法填空篇章中，其语言特点有：

1．以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅。合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态，使文章所叙述的动作具有层次感和立体感。

2．广泛使用动态动词。这些动词的存在会使文章充满“动感”，而这种让往事历历在目的“动感”正是优秀的记叙文所要追求的效果。

[2011•广东卷]

One

Sunday

morning

in

August

I

went

to

a

local

music

festival.

I

left

it

early

because

I

had

an

appointment

__1__

(late)

that

day.

My

friends

walked

me

to

the

bus

stop

and

waited

with

me

__2__

the

bus

arrived.

I

got

on

the

bus

and

found

a

seat

near

the

back,

and

then

I

noticed

a

man

__3__

(sit)

at

the

front.

He__4__

(pretend)

that

a

tiger

toy

was

real

and

giving

it

a

voice.

He

must

be__5__

(mental)

disabled.

Behind

him

were

other

people

to__6__he

was

trying

to

talk,

but

after

some

minutes__7__

walked

away

and

sat

near

me,

looking

annoyed.

I

didn't

want

to

be

laughed

at

for

talking

to

him

but

I

didn't

like

leaving

him__8__

his

own

either.

After

a

while

I

rose

from

my

seat

and

walked

to

the

front

of

the

bus.

I

sat

next

to

the

man

and

introduced

myself.

We

had__9__

amazing

conversation.

He

got

off

the

bus

before

me

and

I

felt

very

happy

the

rest

of

the

way

home.

I'm

glad

I

made

the

choice.

It

made__10__

of

us

feel

good.

1．____

5．．________

【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“我”的一次坐车经历：在公交车上遇到一个好像是弱智的人，其他人都躲开了，而“我”走近了他，和他聊起来，一路上“我”俩都很高兴。

1．later考查副词的用法。我离开得较早因为那天晚些时候我有个约会。

2．till/until考查状语从句的连接词。我的朋友一直陪我直到公共汽车来。

3．sitting/sit考查动词的用法。notice

sb

doing/do

sth.意为“注意到某人正在做某事/做了某事”。

4．was

pretending考查动词的时态。由giving

it

a

voice可知用过去进行时。

5．mentally考查副词的用法。此处disabled是形容词，用副词修饰。

6．whom考查定语从句的关系词。此处he

was

trying

to

talk

to

是定语从句，people是先行词，whom作介词to的宾语。

7．they考查代词的用法。他们走开然后坐在我的旁边。

8．on考查词组的用法。此处考查词组on

one’s

own

(＝alone)。

9．an考查冠词的用法。amazing是以元音音素开头，故用an。

10．both考查代词的用法。由上文

We

had

…

amazing

conversation可知“我们俩”都很高兴。

Eleven¬year¬old

Angela

was

stricken

with

a

disease

involving

her

nervous

system.

The

doctors

did

not

hold

out

much

hope

of

her

ever

recovering

__1__

this

predicted

she’d

spend

the

rest

of

her

life

in

a

wheelchair.

__2__

Angela

firmly

believed

that

she

was

definitely

going

to

be

walking

again

doctors

were

charmed

by

her

__3__

(defeatable)

taught

her

about

imaging—about

seeing

herself

__4__

(walk)．Angela

would

work

as

hard

as

possible

in

physical

therapy(理疗),

lying

there

faithfully

doing

her

imaging,

visualizing

herself

moving,

moving,

moving!

One

day,

__5__

she

was

straining

with

all

her

might

to

imagine

her

legs

moving

again,

__6__

seemed

as

though

a

miracle

happened:

the

bed

moved!

She

screamed

out,

“Look

what

I

__7__

(do)!

Look!

Look!

I

can

do

it!

I

moved,

I

moved！”

Of

course,

__8__

this

very

moment

everyone

__9__

in

the

hospital

was

screaming,

was

the

San

Francisco

don’t

tell

__10__

to

’s

convinced

that

she

did

now

only

a

few

years

later,

she’s

back

in

her

own

two

walking

sticks,

no

wheelchair.

1．________

5．________

9．________

【解析】靠轮椅行走的安吉拉，连医生对她的康复都不抱希望，但她始终没有放弃，一次地震让她觉得是她自己的脚动了，并对此坚信不疑，几年后她真的靠自己的双脚重新走进了学校。

1．fromrecover

from

an

illness意为“从疾病中恢复过来”。

2．But与前句是转折关系。

3．undefeatable在名词前作定语，要用形容词；由语境可知，此处应表示“不败的”，故填undefeatable。句意：医生为她永不言败的精神所折服。

4．walkingsee

sb

doing“看见某人在做某事”。

5．asas表示“正当……时”。

6．it句式搭配：it

seems

as

if/as

though...仿佛是……

7．am

doing句意：看，我在做什么！

8．atat

this

very

moment意为“此刻”。

9．else用于复合不定代词或疑问词后，表示“其他的”，用else。

10．that/it替代前文说的地震这回事。

专题二说明文型语法填空

说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态，或事物的发生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。其语言特点有：

1．多用现在时态。因为说明文通常是对客观事物或事理的一种介绍与解释。

2．采用客观描述。说明文一般是对客观存在的说明与介绍，因此，语言的表述也应该尽可能地给人以客观可信的感觉。

分析句子结构是答题过程中很关键的一步。做题时，首先确定句子的主谓宾成分，看看该句子缺不缺谓语动词，然后再考虑非谓语动词或者其他成分。此时，要借助上下文的暗示或明示，确定需要填入词语的词性、形式和功能等。

The

air

we

breathe

is

freely

available,

without

which

we

could

not

survive

more

than

a

few

the

most

part,

air

is

available

to

everyone,

and

everyone

__1__

(need)

people

use

the

air

to

sustain

them

while

__2__(seat)

around

and

feel

sorry

for

breathe

in

the

air

and

use

the

energy

it

provides

to

make__4__

magnificent

is__5__

the

same

way;

it

is

is__6__freely

available

that

we

take

it

for

opportunity

alone

is

not

enough

to

create

success,

it

must__7__

(seize)

and

acted

upon

in

order

to

have

many

people

are

so

anxious

to

“get

in”

on

a“ground

floor

opportunity”，

as

if

the

opportunity

will

do

all

the

work

that’s

__8__(possible)．Just

as

you

need

air

to

breathe,

you

need

opportunity

to

takes

more

than

just

breathing

in

the

fresh

air

of

opportunity,

must

make

use

of

's

not

up

to

the

opportunity,

that’s

up

to

doesn’t

matter

what

“floor”

the

opportunity

is

on,

but

__10__

matters

is

what

you

do

with

it.

1．________

5．________

9．________

【解析】1．needs考查主谓一致，由全文时态可知用一般现在时，

everyone后用第三人称单数。

2．seated过去分词作伴随状语，

相当于“while

they

are

seated”。

3．Others句型：some...others...

4．a表示“一种奇妙的生活”，是泛指，故用不定冠词a。

5．inin

the

way是固定搭配。

6．so句型：so...that...

7．be

seized依据上下文的理解，

可知句意表示“有机遇必须抓住，

你才能成功”。

8．impossible依据上下文和构词法，

此处应为“不可能的”，

故用“impossible”。

9．however/though插入语，

意为“然而”。

10．what引导主语从句且在句中作主语，故用what。

(一)

Two

seeds

lay

side

by

side

in

the

fertile

spring

soil.

The

first

seed

said,

“I

want

to

grow!

I

want

to

send

my

roots

deep

into

the

soil

__1__

me,

and

thrust

my

sprouts

(芽)

__2__

the

earth’s

crust

above

want

to

open

my

tender

buds(蓓蕾)

like

banners

to

announce

the

__3__

(arrive)

of

want

to

feel

the

warmth

of

the

sun

on

my

face

and

the

blessing

of

the

morning

dew(露水)

on

my

petals(花瓣)！”

And

so

she

second

seed

said,

“I

am

I

send

my

roots

into

the

ground

below,

I

don’t

know

what

I

__4__(come)

across

in

the

I

push

my

way

through

the

hard

soil

above

me,

I

may

damage

my

delicate

sprouts.

What

if

I

let

my

buds

open

and

a

snail

(蜗牛)

tries

__5__(eat)

them?

And

__6__

I

were

to

open

my

blossoms,

__7__

small

child

may

pull

me

from

the

,

it

is

much

__8__

(good)

for

me

to

wait

__9__it

is

safe.”And

so

she

waited.

A

yard

hen

scratching

around

in

the

early

spring

ground

for

food

found

the

waiting

seed

and

immediately

ate

__10__.

1．________

5．________

9．________

【解析】两颗种子的故事，告诉我们惧怕冒险和成长，最终要被生活吞没。

1．beneath介词，意为“在……之下”与下文的above相对。

2．through介词，意为“穿过”。

3．arrival在冠词后用名词。

4．will

come对未来的预测，句意为：我不知道在黑暗之中将会遇到什么。

5．to

eat因try表示“试图做某事”，后接不定式。

6．ifif引导虚拟条件句。

7．a表示泛指的“某一个”小孩，故用不定冠词a。

8．better隐性比较级，即“等”比“长”好得多。句中much也提示我们要用比较级，因为much常用来修饰比较级，表示“……得多”。

9．until意为“直到”，引导时间状语从句。

10．itit指代前文中的the

waiting

seed。

(二)

What

would

you

do

if

you

failed?

Many

people

may

choose

to

give

,

the

surest

way

to

success

is

to

keep

your

direction

and

stick

__2__

your

your

way

to

success,

you

__3__

keep

your

is

just

like

a

lamp,

guiding

you

in

darkness

and

__4__

(help)

you

overcome

obstacles

on

your

,

you

will

easily

get

lost

or

hesitate

to

go

ahead.

Direction

means

can

get

nowhere

__6__

an

objective

in

life.

You

can

try

to

write

your

objective

on

paper

and

make

some

plans

to

achieve

in

this

way

__8__

you

know

how

to

arrange

your

time

and

to

spend

your

time

__9__(proper)．And

you

should

also

have

a

belief

__10__

you

are

sure

to

succeed

as

long

as

you

keep

your

direction

all

the

time.

1．________

5．________

9．________

【解析】本文告诉我们，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是坚持你的方向和目标。

1．However与前句是转折关系，空格前后都有标点，

用副词however。

2．tostick

to意为“坚持”。

3．must由语境不难揣摸出作者的语气，句意为：在通往成功的路上，你必须坚持你的方向。

4．helping与guiding并列，一起补充说明a

lamp，故用现在分词。

5．Otherwise由本句与前句的逻辑关系可知，要填表示“否则”的otherwise。

6．without句意：人生如果没有目标，你将一事无成。

7．itit指代your

objective。

8．will/can句意：只有这样，你才会知道……

9．properly修饰动词spend作状语用副词。

10．that引导同位语从句，从句中不缺句子成分，且意义完整，故填that。

(三)

It

happened

that

a

dog

had

got

a

piece

of

meat

and

was

carrying

__1__

home

in

his

,

__2__

his

way

home

he

had

to

cross

a

plank

lying

__3__a

running

he

crossed,

he

looked

__5__

and

saw

his

own

shadow

__6__

(reflect)

in

the

water

beneath.

Thinking

it

was

__7__

dog

with

another

piece

of

meat,

he

made

up

his

mind

to

have

that

he

made

a

snap

at

__8__

shadow

in

the

water,

__9__

as

he

opened

his

mouth

the

piece

of

meat

fell

out,

__10__(drop)

into

the

water

and

was

never

seen

more.

Beware

lest

you

lose

the

substance

by

grasping

at

the

shadow.

1．________

5．________

9．________

解析】这则狗和影子的故事，告诫我们：切莫因追逐幻影而丢失已有的东西。

1．it指代a

piece

of

meat，故用it。

2．on表示“在某人回家的路上”用on

one’s

way

home。

3．across表示“横过”河流或道路等细长的东西或操场等一个平面的东西，用介词across。

4．As/When表示“当……时候”。

5．down因“向下看”才能看到水中的影子，故用down。

6．reflected因shadow与reflect是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。

7．another指它以为是“另一条狗”。

8．the特指水中的“那个”影子，故用定冠词the。

9．but前后是转折关系。

10．dropped与opened,

was

seen是并列关系，三个先后发生的动作应当用同一时态，故drop也用一般过去时，故填dropped。

专题三议论文型语法填空

议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观地解释事物，而且还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。

议论文有自己的语言特点，了解了文章整体意思后，要通过字里行间的意思推断作者的观点、意图和立场(同意什么，反对什么，喜好什么，憎恶什么，主张什么等)，这种理解直接决定你的填词。要仔细复读全文，关注自己所填的词语是否符合原意，从语意连贯、逻辑合理的角度，认真复查答案的合理性和正确性。

【2011•湖南卷改编】Does

going

to

college

really

pay

offCertainly!

I

reme