课件-国情下生物安全

中国国情下有效的生物安EFFECTIVEBIOSECURITYINCHINESE卡美农业咨 您的国际外CARTHAGE&MHJAGRITECHCONSULTINGYOURINTERNATIONAL介绍养猪生产中的重要疾DiseasesofConcerninSwine中国China体系AuditSystem介绍养猪生产中的重要疾DiseasesofConcerninSwine中国China体系AuditSystem生物安全是什么 Biosecurityisacombinationofmanagementpracticesdesignedtopreventthetransmissionofdiseasesanddisease-causingagents.为何重要WhyissoGeneticselectionhasinproduction,but emoresusceptibletodiseases5微小 变异就可培育出瘦肉 （双肌臀）的疾病代价昂贵DiseasesareLowerpigHighertreatmentLessanimal

HardertodotheLessincentivesfor介绍养猪生产中的重要疾DiseasesofConcerninSwine中国China体系AuditSystem头/国猪群（千头SWINE(thousand百分中国猪群（千头SWINE(thousand百分中欧巴俄罗墨西韩SOUTH其他国家OTHERCOUNTRIES总国产量（千吨(thousand百分中欧巴俄罗越菲律其他国家OTHERCOUNTRIES总 HealthstatusofTop5swine蓝猪流猪伪犬其中××××××××欧×××××××××××××巴×××俄罗××××××××Source:IPVS-Mexico2014/OIE,2015蓝耳不会（不是人畜共患病Notinfectioustopeople(not会随着被污染的设备的移动而CanbemovedbycontaminatedCanliveinmanurepitsforatleast3weeksliveanimal蓝耳排泄物血Semen空气PRRSPRRScoststhepork$664Source:PorkCheckoffReport,Fall蓝耳病-PRRS–阳性和猪群对ComparisonbetweenpositiveandnegativebatchesintheP P-ADGFCRSource:JohnsonandLowe,

CostincreasedinUSD2.84/animalfromweanto蓝耳病-PRRS时控制方每头猪Costperpig1998–InitialControl0.03欧元水平0.03€NationalOutbreak,Costof1.80欧元水1.80€National爆发，蓝耳Outbreak,Costdueto20.0欧元猪20.00€Affected2008-Extendedcontrol0.09欧元水平0.09€NationalPorcineEpidemicDiarrhea(PED)猪流行性腹泻-PED–4月/13：第一例猪流行性腹April/13:caseofPEDin6月/14：农业部拨款2620万的经费用于控制该疾病（生June/14:USDAapprovedUSD26.2millionstocontrolthis(investmentin PED– 造成养猪业的损PEDvcoststhepork USD529,615per6000sowfarmperhehe病现已传至，缘由不明。ThediseasethatkilledamillionpigletsinChinahasspreadtotandnooneknowswhy.猪群健康管理计划—SwineHealthManagementPlan–Universityof确定发展趋势、风险因素/需采取的措Identifytrends,riskfactors/AdoptactionAfricanSwineFever(ASF)–Source:OIE,2005-野猪Wild 1833年:第一例猪 reportin20世纪60年代每年花费50001960’s:501961年1961:EradicationProgram生物安全/免疫接Biosecuritypractices/1978:USdeclaredCSF

临疾2012 Bartha-K61免疫的猪只中发临伪狂犬变异毒1987年1987:EradicationProgram缺失/Deletedvaccine/检测和淘所产仔Offspring清群/建Depopulation/2004年:宣布伪狂犬已净2004:USdeclaredPRVLessonslearned(1987-行业相关的共同努力（生产者，兽医，农业部Commitmentfromeverystakeholders(Producers,Vets,需进行持续的研究以提供有效信Necessityofcontinuousresearchprovidinguseful有高效的和方Availabilityofefficientvaccinesanddiagnostic严格的生物安全Strictbiosecuritypoliciesand持续不断的监Continuous（FMD）FootandMouthDisease FootandMouthDiseaseA,O和亚洲1A,OandResurgenceoferadicated产房Farrowing产气荚膜梭菌ASource:Dutraetal., 保育和育肥场NurseryandFinisher猪痢疾短螺旋 肠道短螺旋Source:Dutraetal., 保育和育肥场NurseryandFinisherFonte:Dutraetal.,介绍养猪生产中的重要疾DiseasesofConcerninSwine中国China体系AuditSystemMostdiseasesarecausedbyinfectious细菌真菌40个PRRS颗粒可以一头猪40PRRSescaninfectone25万头猪可能被250,000pigscouldget源存活环境Survivalin猪支原Mycoplasma 在有机物中存活可达7Upto7daysinorganic胸膜放线杆 在有机物中存活数Afewdaysinorganic支气管败血波氏杆Bordela未Not多杀巴氏杆菌Pasteurella在水中存活8天，在液态粪污中存活68daysinwaterand6daysinliquid副猪杆短Ashort猪链球在9°C下存活25天，在0°C下存活10025daysat9°C,100daysat沙门氏Salmonella在粪便中存活数年，在水中存活115天，在泥土中存活120Yearsinmanure,115daysinwater,120daysin猪痢疾短螺旋Brachyspira在56°C下存活61天，在25°C下存活761daysat56°C,7daysatSource:DavidHurnik,AssociateProfessorofManagement,UniversityofPrinceEdwardIsland,源存活环境Survivalin胞内劳森氏未Not大肠杆E.在粪便中存活1111weeksin猪繁殖与呼吸综合症在有机物中存活3周，在水中存活113weeksinorganicmatter,11days伪狂犬18daysonsteel2daysinmanure14inurine,7daysinwell猪传染性胃肠Transmissiblegastroenteritis,porcinerespiratory夏季活性低，冰冻后稳Lowinsummer;stablewhen猪流24-48小时猪蛔Ascaris数ForMethodsofDiseaseMethodsofDiseasePeople设备空气水和饲料WaterandTransport昆虫和啮齿类Insectsand野生动物Wild多污染途MultipleContamination生物安全体系的强度取决于最薄弱的一ThestrengthofbiosecurityChainisdeterminedbytheweakestBiosecuritygenerallyinvolvesrestrictingthemovementanythingcapableofcarryingdiseaseordiseaseagentsincludingpeople,pigs,birdsandotheranimalsandwater.Compilationofmeasurements/actionstoreducerisksenzootic,epizooticandexoticdiseasesinaBiosecurityprogramarenotclearlydesignedtoprotectfromcertainrisks,hencepoliciesarenoteffective.BiosecuritysystemisamereformalitybutnoteffectivepreventionOftensomeveryweaklinksdeterminedaveryweakbiosecurityBiosecurityprogramisnotdesignedtopreventrisksforthat五个步骤FiveDefineobjectivesinaBiosecurityIdentifyReviewSOPsbasedonaudit生物安全体系中需要审视的3个方ThreemainareasneedtobecontemplatedinBiosecurity外部风ExternalRisktointroduceanewmicroorganisminthe风InternalRisktospreadmicroorganismalreadypresentinthe生物安全防Bio-介绍养猪生产中的重要疾DiseasesofConcerninSwine中国China体系AuditSystem外部风险External设备/物资Equipment/Transport后备动物ReplacementSemen水饲料Water啮齿类，昆虫，鸟类和其它动Rodents,Insects,BirdsandOther外部风险External设备/物资Equipment/Transport后备动物ReplacementSemen水饲料Water啮齿类，昆虫，鸟类和其它动Rodents,Insects,BirdsandOtherTrainingand“对动物健康负“Responsiblefortheanimal员工和后勤不能饲养其它猪只或鸡，或同饲养Employeesand nelcannotcareotherpigschicken,orlivewithanybodywho遵守以下生物安全流程和时Followthebiosecurityflowchartprovidedandthetimeslisted检测员工身上PRRSDetectionofPRRSvinhumans鼻试子Nasal双手

接触有血症动物后时Timeaftercontactwithviremic5小时1小时1小时Source:Amassetal.,PeopleVisitorsmustbecheckedpriortovisitinganyfarmtoscheduleandverifybiosecurityprocedures来访登SigninVisit日公司名Company造访理Reasonfor最后一次接触LastContactwith最后一次拜访猪场/LastVisittoFarmOffice/Lab日期/地日People从一处到另外一处猪场/生产点时应遵循Considerfollowingaspectstomovefromonetoother–生产金字塔Pyramidof»Boar

–猪群流转顺序Production»Boar

Sow

–健康状况Health»风险Low

High 时间要健康状况代码（举例UnitHealthStatusCodes绿色疾病稳定（蓝耳或伪狂犬阳性Stablesituation(PRRSorPRV红色不稳定（蓝耳或伪狂犬阳性Unstablesituation(PRRSorPRVPeople时间要求Downtime绿色到绿色GREENto横向或沿生产金字塔向Acrossordown»无时间要Nodowntime绿色到黄色/红色GREENto无时间要NodowntimePeople黄色健康代码YELLOWHealth黄色到YELLOWto24小时（1天）24hours(one黄色到YELLOWto横向或沿生产金字塔AcrossorDown»无时间要Nodowntime沿生产金字塔向上Up»24小时（1天）24hoursone黄色到YELLOWto无时间要NodowntimePeople红色到绿色REDto红色到黄色REDto24小时（1天）24hours(one红色到红色REDto稳定到不稳定stableto»无时间要求Nodowntime不稳定到稳定Unstableto»24小时（1天）24hours(onePeople健康问题HealthRisktointroduceDon’tvisitfarmifyoupresentclinicalsigns/suspicionof高烧HighPeople随身物alKeepoutsidethefarm albelongings,衣物Clothes,移动Mobile电子设备Electronic饰品»戒指，耳环和项链Ring,earing,手表PeopleShowerIn/Shower净区和脏CleanandDirty用肥皂从头到脚自己WashyourselffromheadtotoeusingsoapAllclothingandfootwearwearintheunitprovidedonthecleanDirtysideofarea.Removeallclothing

从头到脚淋浴Showerheadto

Cleansideoftheshower.TowelsandclothingwillbePeopleDetectionofMycoplasmaindifferentmaterial雨水RainwaterClothes

Survival31天EntryNoShower-Danish ChangeBootsandCoverallsateachsiteandbarn.Washhandsandglovesateachsiteand在每个猪舍设置净区和Establishcleandirtylinestheentryofeach-规定People–Anybodywhofailstofollowentryprocedureswillhavetheiremploymentterminatedimmediay雇Failingtoreportaviolationmaybesubjecttoactionoremployment应发布员工和服务的生物安全规ProtocolinbiosecurityforemployeesandservicenelshouldbeissuedZero外部风险External设备/物资Equipment/Transport后备动物ReplacementSemen水饲料Water啮齿类，昆虫，鸟类和其它动Rodents,Insects,BirdsandOther设备/物资Equipment/不和其他猪场所需物Donotsharesbetween和期制Limitequipmentsharedbetweenfarmsorhavecleaningproceduresand设备/物Equipment/Disinfection有一道外门，所有的设备必须Thereisanoutsidedoorequipmentmustbedisinfectedpriortobringinginsidethebuilding.如果门锁着，请问经理要。Ifitislockedpleaseaskthemanagerforthekey.Iftheyknowyouarecomingshouldifyouscheduledyourappointment,itshouldbeunlocked.在室中，摊开所有的供应物资和Insidethechamberspreadouts/equipmentsothedisinfectantcancomeincontactwitheverything烟雾发生器用来喷散Afoggeristhenusedtodisperse外部风险External设备/物资Equipment/Transport后备动物ReplacementSemen水饲料Water啮齿类，昆虫，鸟类和其它动Rodents,Insects,BirdsandOther食物BringlunchesincleanplasticbagsorlunchpailPailsorcoolersusedatanotherfarmarenot食物Ifyoubringapailorcooleryoumusttransferthemtoplastic请经理打开紫外线灯，10分钟Askthemanagertoturnontheultravioletlightfor不允许带入任何生的制品Norawporkproductsare外部风险External设备/物资Equipment/Transport后备动物ReplacementSemen水饲料Water啮齿类，昆虫，鸟类和其它动Rodents,Insects,BirdsandOtherTransport 支原体或放线杆 (Hegeetal.,2002)9timesmorelikelytobewith

oniaeorfarmsparkingforpigtransportlocatedwithin300metersofthefarm(Hegeetal.,2002)Transport饲料车FeedStepintonewplastic/rubberbootsasyouexittheOnepairofbootscanbeusedperTransport塑料靴子PlasticTransport塑料靴子Plastic保持驾驶室清Keepcab–地WashfloorGeneralcleaningofpedals,steeringwheel,Fly卡车TruckMusthavecleantrailerand必须穿清洁的连体服Musthaveclean材料采用的或者是Disposableor进入拖车时必须穿Mustputonplasticwhilegettingintothe

第一步Step第二步Step 第三步Step活动物装运必须采取严格的流Securemeasuresmustbeusedinloading用于动物的卡车必须要清洁，并干Thetrucksusedforanimaltransportationmustbecleaned,disinfectedanddried卡车/拖Dedicated

Highpressureandhot

外部风险External设备/物资Equipment/Transport后备动物ReplacementSemen水饲料Water啮齿类，昆虫，鸟类和其它动Rodents,Insects,BirdsandOther疾病入一系的最重要途Mostimportantwaytointroducediseasesina和检疫Isolation/理想：离生产区500Ideal:500mdistancefromproduction44–刚到达和14Uponarrivaland14days观察是否有临床症Checkpresenceofclinical/检疫Isolation疾Observedincarrierduring带毒时Carrier期内的可行措actionsduring传染性肠胃1-4天无4个4检测，分伪狂3-8天无22检测，分蓝耳2-5天无>4个>4检测，分猪5-10天无数检非洲猪AfricanSwine4-19天无数检测，分细小5-14天无butlong检测，免/检疫Isolation疾期内观察到带毒带毒时Carrier期内的可行措actionsduringObservedincarrierduringFootand2-5天猪不是带病Swineisn‘t猪不是带病Swineisn‘t检测，分流1-3天无数检丹1-7天可数免疫，治Vaccination,肺结14-28天无未确定，长Undefined,but结核菌素试Tuberculin钩端螺旋体7-10无>6个>6检测，免疫，治布鲁氏杆1-2周无未确定，长Undefined,but检/检疫Isolation疾萎缩性Atrophic猪痢回肠沙门氏猪链球S.支原 传染性胸

月months1-3周weeks1-2周weeks2-5天days月1-3天days

Observedincarrier无无无无无可无

带毒时Carrier12个3未No6个6

期内的可行措actions多杀性巴氏杆菌D型分细菌分Bacterial免疫，治Vaccination,细菌分Bacterial免疫，治Vaccination,检测，屠宰场检检测，屠宰场检驯化适应环境中的细菌和AdaptationtothesomesurroundingbacterialandSuccessfulincontrollingsome猪链球菌Streptococcus猪繁殖与呼吸综合症Fails 后备动物Replacement驯化达到良好的免疫AchievingsolidSuccessfulwhenreplacementgiltsaregrowingonthe方法返饲Feed-back外部风险External设备和物资Equipment/Transport后备动物ReplacementSemen水饲料Water啮齿动物，昆虫，鸟和其它动Rodents,Insects,BirdsandOther空气Semen疾病的重要途Importantmethodofdiseases蓝耳病布氏杆菌病Contaminationduringsemen金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus大肠杆Escherichia猪放线杆菌ActinobacullumSemen规Isolation或检测蓝耳的规Semenorserumtestingprotocolsfor检测结果报谁、什么、何时和如何？WhowhatwhenandDeliverytofarmandentrytoDoublebag外部风险External设备和物资Equipment/Transport后备动物ReplacementSemen水饲料Water啮齿动物，昆虫，鸟和其它动Rodents,Insects,BirdsandOther空气水质Water水源至关重Sourceisacritical水输送系Distribution可能污Possible使用氯类/过Useofchlorine/定期检Periodical微生物，物理和化Microbiological,physicaland参单参单最大铝铜铁氟镁Mercury溶解Dissolved>钠锌五氯苯2,4总硬Total大肠杆菌群（细菌Coliforms100<6.0-Biological,physicalandchemicalparametersDifferenttypesofSoftwater:<60ppmIntermediate:60-120硬水：碳酸钙>120ppmHardwater120ppmCaCO3Periodicallycheck 饲料Qualityofraw弓形虫饲料厂/FeedMill/非洲猪瘟AfricanSwineFever/良好生产规范GoodManufacture热处制粒

流行性腹泻阳性血 脏卡被流行性腹泻污染的饲料Feedcontaminatedwith摄入摄入后处理组（Ct=19.5-对NegativeRectal临床症ClinicalRectal临床症ClinicalRectal临床症Clinical012Vomit34腹泻Diarrhea腹泻Diarrhea5腹泻Diarrhea6Vomit剖5/5猪PCR/免疫组化5/5pigs4/4猪PCR/免疫组化4/4pigs2/2猪PCR/免疫组化（-2/2pigsPCR/IHC(-Source:Deeetal.,QualityControl/MonthlySample物Samples参数酸脲酶活Urea钙/Ca/分脂纤铁矿物可溶湿豆SoybeanXXXXX玉XXX肉骨Meat-bone2XXXXXX血1XXX高1XXX豆Soybean1XX开口2XXXX生长猪Grower2XXXX繁殖2XXXX外部风险External设备和物资Equipment/Transport后备动物ReplacementSemen水饲料Water啮齿动物，昆虫，鸟和其它动Rodents,Insects,BirdsandOther空气Rodents,Insects,BirdsandOtherFlies:vectoruntil1.5脑膜炎，腹泻，Meningitis,diarrheas,XX传染性胃肠炎XXXXX钩端螺旋体XX沙门氏菌X猪痢疾SwineXX猪丹毒XSource:SobestianskyJ.,Rodents,InsectsandBirdsandOtherAnimalsBaitstationshouldbelocatedevery20AlogshouldbekeepintheofficeandwhattypeofbaitisRodents,Insects,BirdsandOtherOriginalBaitRodents,InsectsandBirdsandOtherAnimalsThebuildingshouldbebirdWeedsneedtobekept鼠类喜欢居住在脏乱的地方RodentsareattractedtounkemptRodents,Insects,BirdsandOtherRodents,Insects,BirdsandOtherRodents,Insects,BirdsandOtherCatsarenotRodent猫会在饲料中排Catsdefecatein如果猪吃下粪便，里面的弓形虫IffecalmaterialisingestedtoxoplasmosiscouldbetransferredtopigsandenterthehumanRodents,Insects,BirdsandOtherRodents,Insects,BirdsandOtherMiceandbirdslovefeedMustbe tupanddiscardedwithin24Rodents,Insects,BirdsandOtherOther不要让羊类和牛类靠近猪场Don’tallowsheep,goatandcattlenearthe用围栏将猪场围起来Keepfencearoundthe定期检查围栏Inspectthefence外部风险External设备和物资Equipment/Transport后备动物ReplacementSemen水饲料Water啮齿动物，昆虫，鸟和其它动Rodents,Insects,BirdsandOther空气空气一些病原可以通过空气Someagentscanbetransmittedthrough伪狂犬，支原体：40千PRV,Mycoplasma oniae:40蓝耳，胸膜放线杆菌：7千PRRSv,Actinobacillus oniae:7受病原特征、温度、空气湿度、地形和动物密度影Influenceofagentstemperature,airhumidity,animal“绿色带空气过AirEvaluationoftheLong-TermEffectofAirFiltrationontheOccurrenceofNewPRRSVInfectionsinlargeBreedingHerdsinSwine-Dense空气PRRS在安装空气过滤装置前后猪群情PRRSVinfectionsinbreedingherdspreandpostair种种 54321-

-

-

Pre-filtration过滤前Postfiltration过滤后NewPRRSVinfection新

安装空气过滤装置前后时间（周 Timepreandpostairfiltration空气空气过滤Air空气空气过滤Air空气气闸猪舍有Barnshavenegative空气从阻力最小的区域被抽如果外门打开，负压会把没有过滤的空气unfiltered气闸可以阻挡猪舍内的负压，防止空气回Anairlockblocksthenegativepressureofthebarnand空气空气过滤式猪场的进入FilteredFarmsTurnonfantopressurizeshoeentry有些猪场在大门处设置空气过滤，有的在洗浴Somefarmshavefiltrationatthefrontdoorothersareafter鞋鞋空气空气过滤式猪场的进入FilteredFarms Entertheshoeroom.Airwillbeexhaustingwhiledoorisopen.Thenclosedoor.鞋紫外线通空气空气过滤式猪场的进入FilteredFarms打开的门Opentheoffice进入Enterthe关门Closethe鞋紫外灯通空气空气过滤式猪场的进入FilteredFarms同样的方式进入熏蒸SameprocedureforDisinfection介绍养猪生产中的重要疾DiseasesofConcerninSwine中国China体系AuditSystem风Internal一般管理措General清洁圈舍管FacilitiesSanitaryRationalUseof清洁和CleaningandDisinfection合理使用药物RationalUseof一般管理措施GeneralWashanddryhandsreduce99.0%bacterialwhencomparedwithwethands(Patricketal.,McRebel方案McRebelManagementChangestoReduceExposetoBacteriato»初乳管理，交叉寄养，断奶日龄，更换针头Colostrummanagement,cross-fostering,weaningage,changeneedles,…GeneralBootBootbathstationsshouldhavehosesandbrushestoeasemanureremoval Scrubvisiblemanurebootspriortostepintodisinfectant清洁和CleaningandDisinfection合理使用药物RationalUseof和CleaningandDisinfection清洁可以促进提高生长方式WashingMethodDaystoMarket25kg-110无剂No剂1Disinfectant剂2Disinfectant肥皂+剂1SoapandDisinfectant肥皂+剂2SoapandDisinfectant来源：DavidHurnik，爱德华王子岛大学管理学Source:DavidHurnik,AssociateProfessorofManagement,UniversityofPrinceEdwardIsland,和CleaningandDisinfection四部曲FourDryWetApplyalkalinedetergent使用Applydisinfectant风险Internal和Cleaningand 清除所有有机Removeallorganic移走所有设Removeall料橡胶Rubber风险Internal和CleaningandDisinfection用水Washwith高压High热水（71.0⁰CHotwater1,0升/平方米（参考1,0liter/m2Removemanurepresentinfloorandwalls冲洗天花Washthe风险Internal和CleaningandDisinfection有有机Organic水风险Internal和使用清洁Applydetergent碱性清洁Alkaline300-500毫升/平方米300-500ml/m2of计算表面总Calculationoftotal清洁剂浸泡20-30分钟干等待Waitto风险Internal和CleaningandDisinfectionFourth选择合适的Choosecorrect计算表面总面Calculationoftotal用量：300毫升/平方米（总表面积Volume:300ml/m2(total用量要合Applycorrect等待干Waitto氯碘醛苯季铵QAC过氧次氯杀菌作Bacterial中存存存中存存杀作Viral中存存低低存存稳定低低中中高中高毒高中高高低低低腐蚀中高高中低中低作用速Speedof快中慢中中快快残留作Residual低中低高高低低生物降解能中高高低低高高有机物作OM低低中高中中中Emptybarns天花板墙壁Walls幕帘Curtains设备地板天花板墙壁Walls幕帘Curtains设备地板

计算表面总面积（≠体积计算Calculatetotalsurface(≠volume清洁剂溶液：总的表面积x300毫升/平方米剂溶液：总的表面积x300毫升/平方米CalculatevolumeofsolutionperroomDetergent:TotalSurfaceAreax300Disinfectant:TotalSurfaceAreax300CalculatevolumeperroomDetergent:Volumeofsolution/DilutionDisinfectant:Volumeofsolution/Dilution2x9x90总计TOTAL=

2.70990 总溶液量=646.38TOTALsolution=646.38清洁剂量Volumeof

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风险Internal清洁和CleaningandDisinfection合理使用药物RationalUseof圈舍管理Facilities采取全进全出方AdoptAll-in/All-out批次间遵守设施的RespectdowntimeoffacilitiesbetweenLimitLevelLimitLevelof清洁和CleaningandDisinfection合理使用药物RationalUseof健康Sanitary了解真正的问题并采纳行动措UnderstandrealchallengesandadoptstrategicTypesofClinicalevaluation,Necropsie,检测病原分离健康Sanitary行观七八九十十二驱ControlofSows,boarsand尿液检50份样50母猪添加柠檬酸（降低尿液AcidCitricforsows(reduceurine屠宰Controlin30-50头30-50母学检50份样50Serologicalevaluation轮液每6个月1Every6RotateControlof仔型检50份样50Serologicalevaluation水质分2份样02评30份样30Parasitological健康Sanitary根据健康鉴定出疾病风险后再制定方案，会更加有效Moreefficientwhendefinedaccordingchallengesidentifiedduringsanitarymonitoring降低风Decreaserisktospread基于最近的Basedinrecent介绍养猪生产中的重要疾DiseasesofConcerninSwine中国China体系AuditSystemDeadAnimalDeadAnimal生产动物疾病风险评估计划-PRRS评估结

Nositeswithina1to 场场保 阴性 可能

Morethan4siteswithina1to30

1to2siteswithina1to 3to4siteswithina1to 猪场保

位置Establishcleananddirty

DeadAnimal死动物的处理DeadAnimal从猪舍中转走Removalfromfarm净区/脏区分界线Clean/dirty不同的体系DifferentEmployeeprotocolsontheoutsideof死动物的处理DeadAnimalDeadpigsmustberemovedfromthefacility尸体是疾病最好的载体（生物安全）Carcassesareexcellentvectorsfordiseasetransfer(internalbiosecurity)Deadanimaldisposalshouldbedoneat ofthe死动物的处理DeadAnimal Makesurealldeadarecoveredwithsawdustanddailytemperaturesarerecorded死动物的处理DeadAnimalCollectstationshouldbelocatedawayfromavoidingtrucksinproduction介绍养猪生产中的重要疾DiseasesofConcerninSwine中国China生物安全体系BiosecurityProductionAnimalDiseaseRiskAssessmentProgram 由大学和私立企业共同研DevlopedbyAmericanUniversitiestogetherprivate兽医提供培训-382名兽TrainingperformedbyAmericanAssociationofSwineVeterinarian( )-382Vets评估OnlineComparisonbetweenfarmsaroundthe报告-风险Report–Internal

风险Internal 风险Circulation 猪群和猪场特征HerdandSite 猪场特征Characteristicsofthe

状态PRRSV 4,13% 状态CurrentandhistoricalPRRSVstatusofthe 4,13% 接触管理Managed Naturalexposurebycontactorfeedbackofbreedingfemalesandreplace