全国职称英语考试理工类名师押密试卷2

2013年全国职称英语考试理工类名师押密试卷(3)第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.Thegovernmentisdebatingtheeducationlaws.A.discussingB.defeatingC.delayingD.declining2.Theyhadafarbetteryieldthananyotherfarmmilesawayaroundthisyear.A.goodsB.soilC.climateD.harvest3.Thecityhasdecidedtodoawaywithalltheoldbuildingsinitscenter.A.getridofB.setupC.repairD.paint4.Duringthepasttenyearstherehavebeendramaticchangesintheinternationalsituation.A.permanentB.powerfulC.strikingD.practical5.SincetheGreatDepression，theUnitedStatesgovernmenthasprotectedfarmersfromdamagingdropsingrainprices.A.slightB.surprisingC.suddenD.harmful6.CementwasseldomusedinbuildingtheMiddleAges.A.crudelyB.rarelyC.originallyD.occasionally7.Thereisanabundantsupplyofcheaplaborinthiscountry.A.asteadyB.aplentifulC.anextraD.astable8.Themostcrucialproblemanyeconomicsystemfacesishowtouseitsscarceresources.A.puzzlingB.difficultC.terrifyingD.urgent9.Hemadeanimmenseamountofmoneyinbusiness.A.largeB.smallC.limitedD.little10.Thesubstancecanbeaddedtogasolinetoacceleratethespeedofautomobiles.A.quickenB.shortenC.loosenD.enlarge11.Theroomwasfurnishedwiththesimplestessentials，abed，achair，andatable.A.suppliedB.gatheredC.graspedD.made12.Thelocalgovernmentdecidedtomergethetwofirmsintoabigone.A.motivateB.combineC.compactD.nominate13.Heemphasizedafeasibleplanwhichcanbeacceptedbythebothsides.A.favorableB.possibleC.formalD.genuine14.Whendoesthenexttraindepart？A.pullupB.pulldownC.pulloutD.pullin15.Becauseadministeringthewholecompany,hesometimeshastoworkaroundtheclock.A.adjustingB.evaluatingC.engagingD.managing第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。ImageMartianDustParticlesNASA’sPhoenixMarsLanderhastakenitsfirst-everpictureofasingleparticleofrustyMartiandustwithoneofitsmicroscopes.ThedustparticlesofdustwereshownatahighermagnificationthananythingoutsideofEarththathasbeenimagedbefore.Theroundedparticlemeasuredonlyaboutonemicrometer,oronemillionthofameter,across.“TakingthisimagerequiredthehighestresolutionmicroscopeoperatedoffEarthandaspeciallydesigneddevicetoholdtheMartiandust,”saidTomPike,aPhoenixscienceteammemberfromImperialCollegeLondon.“Wealwaysknewitwasgoingtobetechnicallyverychallengingtoimageparticlesthissmall.”Thedevicethatimagedthedustspeckiscalledanatomicforcemicroscope,whichmapstheshapeofparticlesinthreedimensionsbyscanningthemwithasharptipattheendofaspring.Theatomicforcemicroscopecandetailtheshapesofparticlesassmallasabout100nanometers.Andthiswon’tbethelastdustparticlethatPhoenixwillimage.“Afterthisfirstsuccess,we'renowworkingonbuildingupaportraitgalleryofthedustonMars,”Pikesaid.DustexistseverywhereonMars,coatingthesurfaceandgivingititsrustyredcolor.DustparticlesalsocolortheMartianskypinkandfeedstormsthatregularlyenvelopetheplanet.Theultra-finedustisthemediumthatactivelylinksgasesintheMartianatmospheretoprocessesinMartiansoil,soitiscriticallyimportanttounderstandingMars’environment,theresearcherssaid.The$420-millionPhoenixmissionisanalyzingthedustandsubsurfaceicelayersofMars’arcticregionstolookforsignsofpotentialpasthabitability.Theparticleseenintheatomicforcemicroscopeimagewaspartofasamplescoopedbytheroboticarmfromthe"SnowWhite"trenchanddeliveredtoPhoenix’smicroscopestationinearlyJuly.16.ThedustparticleonMarsisthesmallestparticlethathasbeenimagedoutsideofEarth.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.Usingthesametechnology,wehavealsomeasuredthesizeofparticlesonthemoonandJupiter.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.ScientistsusethehighestresolutionmicroscopetowatchandrecordtheimageofMartianparticlesonearth.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.TomPikesaidthattheyusedtothinkitwasnoeasyjobtoimagesuchsmallparticles.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.AnelectronicdevicehasbeendevelopedtomeasuretheweightofcertainMartianrocks.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.AftercollectingthelastMartiandustparticle,thescientistshavestartedtobuildupaportraitgalleryofit.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22.ThePhoenix’sroboticarmcollectedtheMartiandustparticlesforanalysisonMars.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned.第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第3～6段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。TheMagicIoPersonalDigitalPenCheckouttheioPersonalDigitalPenlaunchedbyLogitech:It’samagicpenthatcanstoreeverythingyouwriteandtransferittoyourcomputer.Andyoudon’thavetolugahand-helddevicealongwithyouforittowork.Logitech’stechnologyworkslikethis:Thepenwritesnormally,usingnormalballpointpenink.Butwhileyouarewriting,atinycamerainsidethepenisalsotaking100snapshotspersecondofwhatyouaredoing,mappingyourwritingviaapatchworkofminutedotsprintedonthepaper.Allthisinformation－themovementofyourpenonthepaper，basically—isthenstoreddigitallyinsidethepen,whetheryouarewritingnotesordrawingcomplexdiagrams.Youcanstoreupto40pagesworthofdoodlesinthepen’smemory.Asfarasyouareconcerned,youarejustusinganormalpen.ItisonlywhenyoudropthepenintoitsPC-connectedcradlethatthefunbegins.SpecialsoftwareonyourPCwillfigureoutwhatyouhavedone,andbegintodownloadanydocumentsyouhavewrittensincethelasttimeitwasthere.Dependingonwhetheryouhavetickedcertainboxesonthespecialnotepad,itcanalsotellwhetherthedocumentisdestinedtobeane-mail,a“todo”task,oradiagramtobeinsertedintoaword-processingdocument.Oncethedocumentsaredownlondedyoucanviewthem,printthemoutorconvertthemtootherformats.TheioPersonalDigitalPenisaneatandsimplesolutiontotheproblemofstoring,sharingandretrievinghandwrittennotes,aswellasforhandlingdiagrams,picturesandothernon-textdoodling.Youdon’thavetocarryalaptopalongwithyou.Allyouhavetodoisjustwhipoutthepenandthespecialpaperandyouareoff.Itisagreatproductbecauseitdoesnotforceyoutoworkdifferently－walkingaroundwithascreenstrappedtoyourarm,orcarryingwithyouextrabitsandpieces.Thepenislightandworkslikeanormalpenifyouneeditto,whilethespecialnotepadslookandfeellikenotepads.Theonlystrangelookswillbefrompeoplewhoarecuriouswhyyouarewritingwithacigar.TheioPersonalDigitalPenalsohaspotentialelsewhere.FedEx,forexample,isintroducingaversionofthepensothatcutomerscanfilloutformsbyhand－insteadofpunchinglettersintocumbersomedevices.Oncethatdataisdigitalmoreorlessanythingcanbedonewithit－transferringitwirelesslytoacentralcomputer,forexample,orviaahand-phone.Doctorscouldtransmittheirprescriptionsdirecttopharmacies,reducingfraud;policemencouldsendtheirreportsbacktothestation,reducingpaperwork.23.Paragraph2_____24.Paragraph3_____25.Paragraph5_____26.Paragraph6_____A.AFriendlyandConvenientDeviceB.WaystoDownloadtheStoredInformationC.ExamplesofOtherPotentialApplicationsoftheIoPenD.Customers’PassionfortheIoPenE.FedExtheFirstUseroftheIoPenF.WorkingPrincipleoftheIoPersonalDigitalPen27.ThereisnoneedtolearnhowtousetheioPersonalDigitalPenbecause_____.28.Ifyouwanttodownloadwhatyouhavedonewiththemagicpen,_____.29.Themagicpenisparticularlyconvenientwhenyouworkawayfromhomeorofficebecause.30.Nomatterwhatyouwriteordraw,.A.youdon’thavetocarryyourlaptopalongB.theinformationwillbeshowndigitallyonthepenC.FedExhasspecialsoftwaretostoreyourinformationD.itworkslikeanordinarypenE.yousimplyplacethepenintoitscomputer-connectedcradleF.themovementofyourpenisrecordeddigitallyinsidethepen第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇SleepLetsBrainFileMemoriesTosleep.Perchancetofile?FindingspublishedonlinethisweekbytheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesfurthersupportthetheorythatthebrainorganizesandstowsmemoriesformedduringthedaywhiletherestofthebodyiscatchingzzz’s.GyorgyBuzsakiofRutgersPreviousresearchhadshownthatindividualswithdiabetessufferfromincreasedmemoryproblems.Inthenewwork,AntonioConvitofNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicineandhiscollaboratorsstudied30peoplewhoseaverageagewas69toinvestigatewhethersugarlevels,whichtendtoincreasewithage,affectmemoryinhealthypeopleaswell.Thescientistsadministeredrecalltests,brainscansandglucosetolerancetests,whichmeasurehowquicklysugarisabsorbedfromthebloodbythebody’stissues.Subjectswiththepoorestmemoryrecollection,theteamdiscovered,alsodisplayedthepoorestglucosetolerance.Inaddition,theirbrainscansshowedmorehippocampusshrinkagethanthoseofsubjectsbetterabletoabsorbbloodsugar.“Ourstudysuggeststhatthisimpairmentmaycontributetothememorydeficitsthatoccuraspeopleage.”Convitsays.“Anditraisestheintriguingpossibilitythatimprovingglucosetolerancecouldreversesomeage-associatedproblemsincognition.”Exerciseandweightcontrolcanhelpkeepglucoselevelsincheck,sotheremaybeonemorereasontogotothegym.31.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnearestinmeaningtothesentence“Tosleep.Perchancetofile?”?A.Doesbrainarrangememoriesinusefulorderduringsleep?B.Doesbrainhavememorieswhenoneissleeping?C.Doesbrainrememberfilesafteronefallsasleep?D.Doesbrainworkonfilesinsleep?32.WhatistheresultoftheexperimentwithratsandmicecarriedoutatRutgersA.Theelectricalactivityisemanatingfromthesomatosensoryneocortex.B.Oscillationsinbrainwavesarefromhippocampus.C.Somatosensoryneocortexandhippocampusworktogetherinmemoryconsolidation.D.Somatosensoryneocortexplaysitprimaryroleinmemoryconsolidation.33.Whatistherelationofmemorytoglucosetolerance,asisindicatedbyaresearchmentionedinparagraph4?A.Peoplewithpoormemoryhavehighglucosetolerance.B.Peoplewithgoodmemoryhavelowglucosetolerance.C.Memorylevelhasnothingtodowithglucosetolerance.D.Thepoorerthememory,thepoorerglucosetolerance.34.Inwhatwayismemoryrelatedtohippocampusshrinkage?A.Thereisnorelationbetweenmemoryandhippocampusshrinkage.B.Themorehippocampusshrinks,thepoorerone’smemory.C.Themorehippocampusshrinks,thebetterone’smemory.D.Thelesshippocampusshrinks,thepoorerone’smemory.35.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatistheultimatereasonforgoingtothegym?A.Topreventhippocampusshrinkage.B.Tocontrolweight.C.Toexercise.D.Tocontrolglucoselevels.第二篇DriventoDistractionJoeCoyneslidesintothedriver’sseat,startsupthecarandheadstotown.Theemptystretchofinterstategiveswaytourbancongestion,andCoynehitsthebrakesasapedestriansuddenlycrossesthestreetinfrontofhim.Butevenifhehadn’tstoppedintime,thewomanwouldhavebeensafe.Sheisn’treal.Neitheristhetown.AndCoyneisn’treallydriving.CoyneisdemonstratingacomputerizeddrivingsimulatorthatishelpingresearchersatOldDominionUniversity(ODU)examinehowin-vehicleguidancesystemsaffectthepersonbehindthewheel.Theresearcherswanttoknowifsuchsystems,whichgiveaudibleorwrittendirections,aretoodistracting—orwhetheranydistractionsareoffsetbythebenefitsdriversgetfromhavinghelpfindingtheirwayinunfamiliarlocations.“Wearelookingattheperformanceandmentalworkloadofdrivers,”saidCarylBaldwin,theassistantpsychologyprofessorlendingtheresearch,whichinvolvesmeasuringdriversreactiontimeandbrainactivityastheyrespondtoauditoryandvisualcues.Theresearchersjustcompletedastudyofthementalworkloadinvolvedindrivingthroughdifferentkindsofenvironmentsandheavyvs,lighttraffic.Preliminaryresultsshowthataspeople“getintomorechallengingdrivingsituations,theydon’thaveanyextramentalenergytorespondtosomethingelseintheenvironment.”Baldwinsaid.Butthetradeoffscouldbeworthit,shesaid.Thenextstepistotestdifferentwaysofgivingdriversnavigationalinformationandhowthosemethodschangethedrivers’mentalworkload.“Isitbestiftheyseeapicture…thatshowstheirposition,amapkindofdisplay?”Baldwinsaid.“Isitbestiftheyhearit?”Navigationalsystemsnowonthemarketgivepoint-by-pointdirectionsthatfollowaprescribedroute.“They’reveryunforgiving,”Baldwinsaid.“Ifyoumissaturn,theycanalmostseemtogetangry.”Thatstyleofdirectionsalsocanbefrustratingforpeoplewhoprefermoregeneralinstructions.Butsuchbroaddirectionscanconfusedriverswhopreferroutedirections.Baldwinsaid.Perhapsmanufacturersshouldallowdriverstochoosethestyleofdirectionstheywant,ormodifysystemstopresentsomeinformationinawaythatmakessenseforpeoplewhopreferthesurveystyle,shesaid.Interestingly,otherresearchhasshownthatabout60percentofmenpreferthesurveystyle,while60percentwomenprefertheroutestyle,Baldwinsaid.Thisexplainstheclassiclittlethingofwhymendon’tliketostopandaskfordirectionsandwomendo,Baldwinadded.36.Whichstatementistrueofthedescriptioninthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.IfCoynehadstoppedthecarintime,hewouldn’thavehitthewoman.B.Thewomanwouldhavebeenknockedover,ifCoynehadfollowedthetrafficregulations.C.Coyneisnotreallydrivingsoitisimpossibleforhimtohavehitthewoman.D.Ifthewomanhadnotcrossedthestreetsuddenly,Coynewouldnothavehither.37.Whatdoresearcherswanttofindout,accordingtothethirdandfourthparagraphs?A.Whetherornotaudibleorwrittendirectionsaredistracting.B.Howlongitwilltakethedrivertorespondtoauditoryandvisualstimuli.C.Howthedriverperformundercertainmentalworkload.D.Alloftheabove.38.Whatarethepreliminaryresultsgiveninthefifthparagraph?A.Driversareafraidofgettingintochallengingdrivingsituations.B.Inchallengingdrivingsituations,driversstillhaveextraenergytohandleotherthings.C.Inchallengingdrivingsituations,driversdonothaveanyadditionalmentalenergytodealwithsomethingelse.D.Drivers’mentalloadremainsunchangedunderdifferentsituations.39.ThesixthparagraphmainlystatethattheresearchersA.aredesigningavisualnavigationalinformationsystem.B.aredesigninganaudionavigationalinformationsystem.C.aredesigninganaudio-visualnavigationalinformationsystem.D.wanttodeterminethebestwaysofgivingnavigationalinformationsystem.40.Whatkindofdirectionsdomenandwomenprefer?A.Womenprefermoregeneraldirectionsandmenpreferroutedirections.B.Menprefermoregeneraldirectionandwomenpreferroutedirections.C.Bothmenandwomenprefergeneraldirections.D.Bothmenandwomenpreferroutedirections.第三篇ListeningtoBirdsongAmalezebrafinchchirpsawaytohimself.Suddenlyhenoticesafemalebirdnearby.Herealizeshehasanaudienceandimmediatelychangeshissong.Canthefemaletellthedifferenceinhisperformance?Accordingtoanewstudy,thefemalezebrafinchknows.Andsheprefersthespecialtrillshecreateswhenhesingstoher.Amalezebrafinchchangeshissongwhensingingtoafemaleinwaysthatpeoplecanbarelydetect.Butthefemalefinchcantellthedifference.Scientistshadnoticedslightvariationsinthesongsofmalezebrafinchesbasedonwhethertheyweresingingaloneorwhethertherewasafemale(andpotentialmate)nearby.Withanaudience,themalesspedupthepaceoftheirsongsandcontrolledthenotestheyused.Forthisstudy,researchersSarahC.WoolleyandAllisonDoupeattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFranciscodecidedtofocusattentiononthelisteningfemales,whichhavenotbeenwellstudiedinthepast.Inthestudy,WoolleyandDoupesetupalongcagewithasoundspeakerateachend.Onebroadcastthesoundofamalezebrafinchsingingtohimself,likesomeonesingingintheshower.Theotherspeakerbroadcastamaleperformingforafemaleaudience,asifhewasgivingaconcert.Femalebirdswereplacedbetweenthetwospeakers.Someofthebirdshadmates.Othersdidn’t.Thefemalesshiftedaroundabit,andthenmostofthemhoppedovertositbesidejustonespeaker.Allthebirdsthatmadeaclearchoicelikedsongsmeantforafemaleaudience,evenifthey’dnevermetthemale.Matedfemalesalsohadachancetolistentotwodifferentperformancesongs,onefromanunknownmale,andonefromtheirmate.Theyspentmoretimelisteningtotheconcertversionoftheirmates’songs.Thissuggeststhatafterawhile,femaleslearntorecognize—andprefer—thesongsoftheirmates.Scientiststhenstudiedthebrainsofthefemales.Theyfoundcertainareasofthebrainperkedupwhenthebirdslistenedtotheconcertsongs.Thesebrainareasmaybeinvolvedinrecognizingandevaluatingthesongs,andstoringthememoriesofthem.Thisresearchdealswithwhat’scalleddirectedcommunication,whenthecommunicatororsender,focusesthemessageforaspecificaudience.Oneexampleisthewaymomsspeaktotheirbabies.Mothersaroundtheworldusethesamesortofhigh-pitchedsing-songchatter,andthebabiesrespondbesttothosesounds.Songbirdsareoneoftheonlyotherspeciesknownto1earntheircommunication,inthiscasetheirsongs.41.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphsayaboutzebrafinches?A.Malezebrafinchesliketosingtofemalezebrafinches.B.Malezebrafinchessinglouderthanfemalezebrafinches.C.Malezebrafincheschangetheirsongsinfemalezebrafinches’presence.D.Malezebrafinchesliketolistentofemalezebrafinchessing.42.Whatdidtheresearchersfindintheirstudyoffemalezebrafinches?A.Femalefincheslikedsongsmalefinchessangforthem.B.Femalefinchesonlylikedsongsmalefinchessangfortheirmates.C.Femalefincheslikedtolistentosongsfrombothspeakers.D.Femalefincheschosethebestmalesingersastheirmates.43.Whatismeantby“concertsongs”intheseventhparagraph?A.Songssungbyzebrafinchesataconcert.B.Songssungbymalefinchesforfemalefinches.C.Songssungbyfemalefinchesformalefinches.D.Songssungbymalefinchestomanyfemalefinches.44.WhatisNOTtrueofdirectedcommunication?A.Thesenderofamessagehasaspecificaudience.B.Malezebrafinchessingtofemalefinches.C.Motherstalktotheirbabies.D.Malezebrafinchessingtothemselves.45.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreflectthethemeofthepassage?A.Chirpingaway.B.Birdsongsascommunication.C.Zebrafinchesandtheirlife.D.Enjoyingbirdsongs.第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。SleepingGiantRightnow,aneruptionisbrewinginYellowstoneNationalPark.Sometimeduringthenexttwohours,thepark’smostfamousgeyser,OldFaithfulisnotonlyaspectacularsight;it’salsoaconstantreminderthatYellowstonesitsononeofthelargestvolcanoesintheworld.Ifyou’veneverheardofYellowstone’svolcano,you’renotalone.47Yetithaseruptedthreetimesduringthelast2millionyears.AndoneofthoseeruptionsspewedenoughvolcanicashandotherdebristoblankethalftheUnitedStates.Yellowstone’svolcanoissometimescalleda“supervolcano,”orextremelylargeandexplosivecalderavolcano.48Thissupervolcanoformedoverahotspot,anextremelyhotareainEarth’smantle.JohnTheYellowstonehotspotmeltsthickcontinentalcrust,whichmaycausecatastrophiceruptions.AccordingtoexpertstheeruptionsthatcreatedeachofthethreecalderasinandaroundYellowstoneNationalParkwerelargerthananyothervolcaniceruptioninrecordedhistory.Themostrecenteruption,whichhappened640,000yearsago,producedatleast1,000cubickilometersofashanddebris,whichblanketedmostofthewesternhalfoftheGeologicalevidenceshowsYellowstonehasblownitsstackevery700,000yearsorso.“Ifnatureweretrulythatregularandreliable,wewouldbedueforanothereruptionsoon,2”saidValley.“However,theseprocessesaresubjecttovariability,sowedon’treallyknowwhenthenexteruptionwillhappen.”50Itisthevolcanicenergythatpowersthegeysersandhotsprings,createsthemountainsandcanyons,andgeneratestheuniqueecosystemsthatsupportYellowtone’sdiversewildlife.A.ThreecalderasmakeupmorethanathirdofYellowstoneB.ThefirstYellowstoneeruption,2millionyearsago,releasedmorethandoublethatamountofashanddebris.C.Thevolcanoissoinconspicuous(不显眼的)thatfewpeopleknowitexists.D.Then,anenormousfountainwillshoothighintotheair.E.WhiletheactivegeologicalprocessesatYellowstonedoposesomerisktothepublic,theyalsomakeitauniquetreasure.F.Yellowstone第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。Animal’s“SixthSense”AtsunamiwastriggeredbyanearthquakeintheIndianOceaninDecember,2004.ItkilledtensofthousandsofpeopleinAsiaandEastAfrica.Wildanimals,51,seemtohaveescapedthatterribletsunami.Thisphenomenonaddsweighttonotionsthat1theypossessa“sixthsense”