国家开放大学《人文英语4》形考任务(1-8)试题答案解析

SohowdidresearchersstudyfatcellsintheAnnalspaper?MatthewBradyoftheUniversityofChicagoandagroupofcolleaguesselectedandpersuadedsevenvolunteerstotakepartintheresearchproject.Theywereallyoung,thinandhealthyandagreedtosleepforeightnightsinasleeplab."Forfournightstheywereallowedtostayinbedfor8.5hoursanight,"saysBrady.Then,amonthlater,theycamebackforfouradditionalnights butthistimetheywereallowedjust4.5hoursofsleeppernight.Andaftereachvisit,researchersgotasampleoftheirfat.Bradyexplainsthatthefatcellsrespondedsignificantlytothelossofsleep."Iwasverysurprisedtobehonest,"hesays.Badthingscanhappenwhenfatcellsbecomelessresponsivetoinsulin."Fatcellsareactuallyyourfriend,"hesays."They'retheretostorelipids（血月旨）.”Whenlipidsstayinsidethecells,yourbodycanutilizethefatwhenyou*reexercisingorsleepingorgoingaboutyourday."However,whenfatcellsstaretobecomeinsulinresistant,thelipidsstartoleachoutofthefatcellsandriseinthebloodstream,wBradysays.Accordingtothepassage,lackofsleepforalongwhilecanprobablyleadtoallofthefollowingEXCEPT回答.heartdiseaseweightgaindiabetesThemainideaofthethirdparagraphis回答.howtowriteamedicalresearchpaperhowtoavoidsleeplosshowtheresearchwasconductedWhatdoesthe“leach"inthelastparagraphprobablymean?0答A.Leap.B.Lead.C.Leak.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?回答A.Wewillbeintroubleifourfatcellsbecomelessresponsivetoinsulin.Moreandmorestudiesaredonetostudythelinkbetweensleepandweight.Morethan20%ofAmericansarenotgettingenoughsleep.Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?回答A.PoorSleepMayLeadtoTooMuchStoredFatandDiseaseSleepExpertsHadExcitingFindingsinaFatStudyAmericansShouldHaveMoreThanSixHoursofSleep反馈参考答案：ACCBB【答案】A【考点】细节判断题【详解】从文章第一段的最后一句，我们可以找C.diabetes糖尿病，B.weightgain体重增加等词汇，没有提到A.heartdisease心脏病，故A为正确答案。【答案】C【考点】主旨题【详解】从第三段的第一句SohowdidresearchersstudyfatcellsintheAnnalspaper?研究人员如何研究了脂肪细胞的变化？随后的文字也是描述研究实验的过程和发现，C.howtheresearchwasconducted研究是怎样被实施的？是该段的主要意思。故C为正确答案。【答案】C【考点】指代题【详解】首先定位该词在文中的位置，在最后一句However,whenfatcellsstarttobecomeinsulinresistant,thelipidsstartoleachoutofthefatcellsandriseinthebloodstream,通过上下文可以猜出leach是"过滤”的意思。A.Leap.跳跃；B.Lead引导；C.Leak漏出。故C为正确答案。【答案】B【考点】细节推理题【详解】可用排除法确定该题正确答案，文章谈到了如果fatcells（脂肪细胞）如果对insulin（胰岛素）不做出反应，将会引起血糖升高，故A正确；文章第二段Morethan1in5ofus,accordingtoareportfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,isgettingsixorfewerhoursofsleeppernight,onaverage.可以看出超出20%的美国人没有足够的睡眠，故C正确；全文没有提到越来越多正在实施对睡眠和体重之间关系的研究。故B为正确答案。5.【答案】B【考点】主旨题【详解】本文开始是一个问句？第二句话就回答了这个问题，即研究人员的发现：inadequateshut-eyehasaharmfuleffectonfatcells,reducingtheirabi1itytorespondtoinsulin（胰岛素