年全国硕士生入学统一考试英语试题及答案11

PAGE58 1986-2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案 PAGE大家网深情奉献！ 作者：阁明俊15-1989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionI:StructureandVocabularyIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)EXAMPLE:Iwascaught________therainyesterday.[A]in[B]by[C]with[D]atANSWER:[A]1. Modernmanfacesdangerscompletelyunknown________hispredecessors.[A]for[B]to[C]of[D]by2. Thechancesofseeingahelicopterinmyhometownareone________amillion.[A]for[B]to[C]in[D]against3. ________wehaveallthematerialsready,weshouldbeginthenewtaskatonce.[A]Sincethat[B]Sincenow[C]Bynow[D]Nowthat4. Wehopethemeasurestocontrolprices,________takenbythegovernment,willsucceed.[A]when[B]as[C]since[D]after5. Thehistoricaleventsofthatperiodarearranged________.[A]inalphabeticalorder[B]inanalphabeticalorder[C]inthealphabeticalorders[D]inalphabeticalorders6. Insomemarketstheremaybeonlyoneseller.________iscalledamonopoly.[A]Situationasthis[B]Suchkindofsituation[C]Suchasituation[D]Asituationofthis7. Heis________tospeakthetruth.[A]toomuchofacoward[B]toomuchacoward[C]somuchacoward[D]somuchofacoward8. Healwaysgives________tohiswife’sdemandsanddoeswhatevershetellshimto.[A]up[B]away[C]in[D]out9. It’s________intheregulationsthatyoucantake20kilosofluggagewithyou.[A]laidupon[B]laidout[C]laidup[D]laiddown10. Lookatallthecorruptionthat’sgoingon.It’stimethecitywas________.[A]cleanedout[B]cleaneddown[C]cleanedaway[D]cleanedup11. Thoughhedidnotsaysodirectly,theinspector________themanwasguilty.[A]declared[B]implied[C]disclosed[D]said12. ThePrimeMinisterrefusedto________ontherumourthathehadplannedtoresign.[A]explain[B]comment[C]remark[D]talk13. Iaskedthetailortomakeasmall________tomytrousersbecausetheyweretoolong.[A]change[B]variation[C]revision[D]alteration14. Magnificentviewsoverthecountrysidehaveoften________peopletowritepoems.[A]excited[B]inspired[C]induced[D]attracted15. Thefoodwasdivided________accordingtotheageandsizeofthechildren.[A]equally[B]proportionately[C]sufficiently[D]adequatelySectionII:ReadingComprehensionEachofthethreepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(20points)Test1Ascientistoncesaid:“Ihaveconcludedthattheearthisbeingvisitedbyintelligentlycontrolledvehiclesfromouterspace.”IfwetakethisasareasonableexplanationforUFOs(unidentifiedflyingobjects),questionsimmediatelycomeup.“Whydon’ttheygetintouchwithus,then?Whydon’ttheylandrightontheWhiteHouselawnanddeclarethemselves?”peopleasked.Inreply,scientistssaythat,whilethismaybewhatwewant,itmaynotnecessarilybewhattheywant.“Themostlikelyexplanation,itseemstome,”saidDr.Mead,“isthattheyaresimplywatchingwhatweareupto--thatresponsiblesocietyoutsideoursolarsystemiskeepinganeyeonustoseethatwedon’tsetinmotionachainreactionthatmighthaveunexpectedeffectsforoutsideoursolarsystem.”Opinionsfromotherscientistsmightgolikethis:“Whyshouldtheywanttogetintouchwithus?Wemayfeelwe’remoreimportantthanwereallyare!Theymaywanttoobserveusonlyandnotinterferewiththedevelopmentofourcivilization.Theymaynotcareifweseethembuttheyalsomaynotcaretosay‘hello’.”SomescientistshavealsosuggestedthatEarthisakindofzooorwildlifereserve.Justaswesetasidewildernessareasandwildlifereservestoallowanimalsandgrowingthingstodevelopnaturallywhileweobservethem,soperhapsEarthwassetasideagesagoforthesamepurpose.Arewebeingobservedbyintelligentbeingsfromothercivilizationsintheuniverse?Aretheywatchingourprogressinspacetravel?Doweliveinagigantic“zoo”observedbyour“keepers,”buthavingnocommunicationwiththem?Neverbeforeinourhistoryhavewehadtoconfrontideaslikethese.Thesimplefactisthatwe,whohavealwaysregardedourselvesassupremeintheuniverse,maynotbeso.Nowwehavetorecognizethat,amongthestarsintheheavens,theremayverywellbeworldsinhabitedbybeingswhoaretousaswearetoants.16. Peoplewhoaskthequestion“Whydon’ttheygetintouchwithus...anddeclarethemselves?”thinkthat________.[A]therearenosuchthingsasUFOs[B]UFOsarevisitorsfromsolarsystem[C]there’snoreasonforUFOssoonerorlater[D]weareboundtoseeUFOssoonerorlater17. AccordingtoDr.Mead,theattitudeofbeingsfromouterspacetowardusisoneof________.[A]unfriendliness[B]suspicion[C]superiority[D]hostility18. Thetoneofthewriteristhatof________.[A]doubt[B]warning[C]indifference[D]criticismTest2Theuseofthemotorisbecomingmoreandmorewidespreadinthetwentiethcentury;asanincreasingnumberofcountriesdevelopbothtechnicallyandeconomically,soalargerproportionoftheworld’spopulationisabletobuyanduseacar.Possessingacargivesamuchgreaterdegreeofmobility,enablingthedrivertomovearoundfreely.Theownerofacarisnolongerforcedtorelyonpublictransportandis,therefore,notcompelledtoworklocally.Hecanchoosefromdifferentjobsandprobablychangeshisworkmorefrequentlyasheisnotrestrictedtoachoicewithinasmallradius.Travellingtoworkbycarisalsomorecomfortablethanhavingtousepublictransport;thedrivercanadjusttheheatinginwinterandtheairconditioninginthesummertosuithisownneedsandpreference.Thereisnoirritationcausedbywaitingfortrains,busesorundergroundtrains,standinginlongpatientqueues,orsittingonwindyplatforms,foraslongashalfanhoursometimes.Withthebuildingofgood,fastmotorwayslongdistancescanbecoveredrapidlyandpleasantly.Forthefirsttimeinthiscenturyalso,manypeoplearenowabletoenjoytheirleisuretimetothefullbymakingtripstothecountryorseasideattheweekends,insteadofbeingconfinedtotheirimmediateneighbourhood.Thisfeelingofindependence,andthefreedomtogowhereyouplease,isperhapsthegreatestadvantageofthecar.Whenconsideringthedrawbacks,perhapspollutionisofprimeimportance.Asmoreandmorecarsareproducedandused,sotheemissionfromtheirexhaust-pipescontainsaneverlargervolumeofpoisonousgas.Someofthecontentsofthisgas,suchaslead,notonlypollutetheatmospherebutcauseactualharmtothehealthofpeople.Manyoftheminorillnessesofmodernindustrialsociety,headaches,tiredness,andstomachupsetsarethoughttoarisefrombreathingpollutedair;doctors’surgeriesarefullofpeoplesufferingfromillnessescausedbypollution.Itisalsobecomingincreasinglydifficulttodealwiththeproblemoftrafficintowns;mostoftheimportantcitiesoftheworldsufferfromtrafficcongestion.Infactanyadvantagegainedincomfortisoftencancelledoutincitydrivingbythefrustrationcausedbytrafficjams:endlessqueuesofcarscrawlingoneafteranotherthroughallthemainstreets.Asanincreasingnumberoftrafficregulationschemesaredevised,thepoorbewildereddriverfindshimselfdivertedandforcedintoone-waysystemswhichcauseevengreaterdelaysthanthetrafficjamstheyaresupposedtoprevent.Themountingcostofpetrolandtheincreasedlicensefeesandroadtaxalladdtothedriver’sworries.Infact,hemustsometimeswonderifthemotorcarissuchablessingandnotjustamenace.19. Moreandmorepeoplecanaffordtobuyandusecarsbecause________.[A]anincreasingnumberofcarsarebeingproduced[B]thecostofcarsisgettingcheaperwiththedevelopmentoftechnology[C]lotsofcountrieshavebecomemoredeveloped[D]theuseofcarshasprovedtobemoreeconomical20. Theadvantagesofhavingacararebestexperiencedinthedriver’s________.[A]freedominchoosinghisjob[B]comfortduringthetravels[C]enjoymentofhisleisuretime[D]feelingofself-reliance21. Whatisconsideredbythewriterasthegreatestmenacetothepeoplecausedbythewidespreaduseofmotorcars?[A]airpollution[B]trafficjams[C]fataldiseases[D]highcostTest3MannersnowadaysinmetropolitancitieslikeLondonarepracticallynon-existent.Itisnothingforabig,strongschoolboytoelbowanelderlywomanasideinthedashforthelastremainingseatonthetubeorbus,muchlessstandupandofferhisseattoher,asheought.Infact,itissaddeningtonotethatifamandoesofferhisseattoanolderwoman,itisnearlyalwaysaContinentalmanoronefromtheoldergeneration.Thisquestionofgivingupseatsinpublictransportismucharguedaboutbyyoungmen,whosaythat,sincewomenhaveclaimedequality,theynolongerdeservetobetreatedwithcourtesyandthatthosewhogoouttoworkshouldtaketheirturnintheratracelikeanyoneelse.Womenhaveneverclaimedtobephysicallyasstrongasmen.Evenifitisnotagreed,however,thatyoungmenshouldstandupforyoungerwomen,thefactremainsthatcourtesyshouldbeshowntotheold,thesickandtheburdened.Arewereallysolosttoallidealsofunselfishnessthatwecansitthereindifferentlyreadingthepaperorabook,sayingtoourselves“Firstcome,firstserved,”whileagrey-hairedwoman,amotherwithayoungchildoracripplestands?Yetthisisalltoooftenseen.Conditionsintravelarereallyveryhardoneveryone,weknow,buthardshipissurelynoexcuse.Sometimesonewonderswhatwouldhavebeenthebehaviourofthesestoutyoungmeninapackedrefugeetrainoratrainonitswaytoaprison-campduringtheWar.Wouldtheyhaveconsidereditonlyrightandtheirproperduetokeepthebestplacesforthemselvesthen?Olderpeople,tiredandirritablefromaday’swork,arenotangels,either--farfromit.Manyabriskargumentoraninsultingquarrelbreaksoutasthewearyqueuespushandshoveeachothertogetonbusesandtubes.Onecannotcommendthis,ofcourse,butonedoesfeelthereisjustalittlemoreexcuse.Ifcitiesaretoremainpleasantplacestoliveinatall,however,itseemsimperative,notonlythatcommunicationsintransportshouldbeimproved,butalsothatcommunicationbetweenhumanbeingsshouldbekeptsmoothandpolite.Allovercities,itseemsthatpeoplearetootiredandtoorushedtobepolite.Shopassistantswon’tbothertoassist,taxidriversgrowlateachotherastheydashdangerouslyroundcorners,busconductorpullthebellbeforetheirdesperatepassengershavehadtimetogetonoroffthebus,andsoonandsoon.Itseemstousthatitisuptotheyoungandstrongtodotheirsmallparttostopsuchdeterioration.22. Fromwhatyouhaveread,wouldyouexpectmannerstoimproveamongpeople________?[A]whoarephysicallyweakorcrippled[B]whooncelivedinaprison-campduringtheWar[C]wholiveinbigmoderncities[D]wholiveonlyinmetropolitancities23. Whatisthewriter’sopinionconcerningcourteousmannerstowardswomen?[A]Nowthatwomenhaveclaimedequality,theynolongerneedtobetreateddifferentlyfrommen.[B]Itisgenerallyconsideredold-fashionedforyoungmentogiveuptheirseatstoyoungwomen.[C]“LadyFirst”shouldbeuniversallypracticed.[D]Specialconsiderationoughttobeshownthem.24. Accordingtotheauthorcommunicationbetweenhumanbeingswouldbesmootherif________.[A]peopleweremoreconsideratetowardseachother[B]peoplewerenotsotiredandirritable[C]womenweretreatedwithmorecourtesy[D]publictransportcouldbeimproved25. Whatisthepossiblemeaningoftheword“deterioration”inthelastparagraph?[A]worseningofgeneralsituation[B]loweringofmoralstandards[C]decliningofphysicalconstitution[D]spreadingofevilconductSectionIII:CloseTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.(10points)Onedaydroughtmaybeathingofthepastatleastincoastalcities.Vastareasofdesertthroughouttheworldmayforthefirsttime__26__andprovidemillionsofhectaresoflandwherenownothinggrows.Bytheendofthiscenturythismaynotbemere__27__.ScientistsarealreadylookingintothepossibilityofusingsomeoftheavailableiceintheArcticandAntarctic.Intheseregionstherearevastice-capsformedbysnowthathasfallenoverthepast50,000years.Layer__28__layerofdeepsnowmeansthat,whenmelted,thesnowwaterwouldbepure,notsaltyassea-icewouldbe.Thereissomuch__29__purewaterherethatitwouldneedonlyafractionofittoturnmuchofthedesertorpoorlyirrigatedpartsoftheworldintorichfarmland.Andwhatusefulpackagesitwouldcomein!Itshouldbepossibletocutoffabitoficeandtransportit!Alternativelyperhapsapassingicebergcouldbe__30__.Theyarealwaysbreakingawayfromthemaincapsandfloatingaround,pushedbycurrents,untiltheyeventuallymeltandarewasted.Manyicebergsare,ofcourse,fartoosmalltobetowed__31__distance,andwouldmeltbeforetheyreachedacountrythatneededthemanywhere.Itwouldbenecessarytolocateonethatwas__32__andthatwasbigenoughtoprovideagoodsupplyoficewhenitreachedus.Engineersthinkthataniceberguptosevenmileslongandoneandahalfmileswidecouldbetransportedifthetugpullingitwasasbigasasupertanker!Eventhentheywouldcoveronlytwentymileseveryday.However,__33__theicebergwasatitsdestination,morethat7,000millioncubicmetresofwatercouldbetakenfromit!Thatwouldprobablybemorethanenoughforanymedium-sizedcityeveninthehottestsummer!Butnodoubtausecouldbefoundforit.__34__,scientistsay,therewouldnotbetoomuchwastageinsuchajourney.Thelargertheiceberg,thesloweritmelts,evenifitistowedthroughthetropics.Thisisbecausewhenthesunhasabiggerareatowarm__35__,lessheatactuallygetsintotheiceberg.Thevastfrozencentrewouldbeunaffected.26. [A]cometolife[B]comeintoexistence[C]comeintoactivity[D]comeround27. [A]speculation[B]imagination[C]computation[D]expectation28. [A]above[B]of[C]upon[D]over29. [A]essential[B]potential[C]claimable[D]obtainable30. [A]seized[B]snatched[C]grabbed[D]captured31. [A]much[B]any[C]some[D]certain32. [A]manageable[B]manipulative[C]operable[D]controllable33. [A]after[B]while[C]since[D]once34. [A]Apparently[B]Noticeably[C]Distinctly[D]Notably35. [A]round[B]over[C]up[D]throughSectionIV:Error-detectionandCorrectionEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedparts.Thesepartsarelabeled[A],[B],[C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownyourcorrectiononthelineintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:Youhavetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingbecause[A]there’s[B]hardlysomething[C]left.[D]ANSWER:[C]anything36. No[A]bankkeepsenough[B]cashpaying[C]allitsdepositorsinfull[D]atonetime.37. Magazines[A]providethe[B]greatvarietyofadvertisements[C]andentertainmentaswellas[D]information.38. Ifitdoesn’t[A]rainwithin[B]thenextfewweeks,thecrops[C]willhavetobewaterediftheyaretobesurvived.[D]39. Thisisthemostimportantrespectwhich[A]civilizedman[B]canbedistinguishedfrom[C]primitivecommunities.[D]40. As[A]abad-temperedman,hewouldnottolerate[B]havinghislecturesinterruptedasif[C]heweresomeobscurecandidatemaking[D]anelectionspeech.41. Ifyouwere[A]awardedaprizeoftenthousanddollars,whatwouldyoudowith[B]itifyouhad[C]tospend[D]inaday?42. Theboyisconstantlybeingtold[A]nottoscratchthepaintoff[B]theall,buthegoesontodo[C]itallthesame.[D]43. Theparcelyoupostmustbewellpacked[A].Inadequatepackingcanmean[B]delay,damageor[C]lossatyourexpenses.[D]44. Theradiowasofso[A]inferiorqualitythat[B]Itookitback[C]andaskedforabetterone.[D]45. IcanlistentoBrucknerfor[A]hourswithoutgettingbored,butifyouhaven’theard[B]muchofhismusicbefore,youmayfind[C]ittakessomegettingused.[D]SectionV:VerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiventhebrackets.PutyouranswersintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident________(appointed)forthiscollege.ANSWER:(should)beappointed46. Byronissaid(live)onvinegarandpotatoes.47. You(leave)anote.Itwasveryinconsiderateofyoutodoso.48. Ifthehorsewontoday,he(win)thirtyracesinfiveyears.49. Uponbeingquestionedhedenied(write)thearticle.50. IwassosicklastnightthatIfeltasiftheroom(go)round.51. Nowadayspeopleusuallypreferdrivingto(drive).52. Ihopeherhealth(improve)greatlybythetimewecomebacknextyear.53. WhilewewereinLondonthatyear,theLondonBridge(repair).54. Lotsofemptybottleswerefoundundertheoldman’sbed.Hemusthavedonenothingbut(drink).55. Fordtrieddividingthelabour,eachworker(assign)aseparatetask.SectionVI:Chinese-EnglishTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(15points)56. 请乘客们系好安全带，以防碰伤。57. 除非安装一条新的装配线，否则提高产量是没有指望的。58. 有人提出，暑假期间安排一次到海南岛的考察旅行。59. 为了把课文中的难点解释清楚，他举了许多例子。60. 护士们通常毕生致力于照顾病人。SectionVII:English-ChineseTranslationReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatethesentencesinheavytypeintoChinese.(20points)WhenJaneMathesonstartedworkatAdvancedElectronicsInc.12yearsago,(61)shelabouredoveramicroscope,hand-weldingtinyelectroniccomputersandturnedout18perhour.Nowshetendsthecomputerizedmachinerythatturnsouthighcapacitymemorychipsattherateof2,600perhour.Productionisup,profitsareup,herincomeisupandMrs.Mathesonsaystheworkisfarlessstrainonhereyes.ButthemostsignificanteffectofthechangesatAEIwasfeltbytheworkerswhoarenolongerthere.Beforethenewcomputerizedequipmentwasintroduced,therewere940workersattheplant.Nowthereare121.(62)Aplantfollow-upsurveyshowedthatoneyearafterthelayoffsonly38%ofthereleasedworkersfoundnewemploymentatthesameorbetterwages.Nearlyhalffinallysettledforlowerpayandmorethan13%arestilloutofwork.TheAEIexampleisonlyoneofhundredsaroundthecountrywhichforgeintelligentlyaheadintothelatesttechnology,butleavethemajorityoftheirworkersbehind.(63)Itsbeginningsobscuredbyunemploymentcausedbytheworldeconomicslow-down,thenewtechnologicalunemploymentmayemergeasthegreatsocio-economicchallengeoftheendofthe20thcentury.Onecorporationeconomistsaysthegrowthof“machinejobreplacement”hasbeenwithussincethebeginningoftheindustrialrevolution,butneveratthepaceitisnow.Thehumancostswillbeastonishing.(64)“It’shumiliatingtobedoneoutofyourjobbyamachineandthereisnowaytofightback,butitistheefforttofindanewjobthatreallyhurts.”Someworkers,likeJaneMatheson,areretrainedtohandlethenewequipment,butoftenawholenewsetofskillsisrequiredandthatmeansanew,andinvariablysmallersetofworkers.(65)Theoldworkers,trappedbytheirlimitedskills,oftenneverregaintheiroldstatusandemployment.Manydriftintomarginalareas.Theyfeelnoprideintheirnewwork.Theygetbadlypaidforitandtheyfeelmiserable,butstilltheyareluckierthanthosewhoneverfindit.(66)Thesocialcostsgofarbeyondthewelfareandunemploymentpaymentsmadebythegovernment.Unemploymentincreasesthechancesofdivorce,childabuse,andalcoholism,anewfederalsurveyshows.Someexpertssaytheproblemisonlytemporary...thatnewtechnologywilleventuallycreateasmanyjobsasitdestroys.(67)Butfuturol