福建省诏安县怀恩中学2023学年高考压轴卷英语试卷（含答案解析）

2023高考英语模拟试卷注意事项1．考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。2．试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分必须用2B铅笔作答；第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。3．考试结束后，考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Accordingtoarecentstudy,thehighschoolgraduationrateforblackmenhasfallenby43percent,while________ofblackwomenhasrisenby56percent.A．that B．whatC．one D．which2．worriesthepublicthatairpollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreseriousthesedays.A．It B．That C．What D．This3．Whencaught_____intheexam,hebeggedfortheteacher’spardonandtried______punishment.A．cheating;escapingB．tobecheating;toescapeC．cheating;toescapeD．tobecheating;escaping4．Maryseems________thebadnews,forshelooksniceandhappy.A．nottohavelearned B．nottobehearingC．nothavinglearned D．nottobeheard5．—Mum,doyoumindifIinvitesomefriendstomybirthdayparty?—______.Itwillbemoreinteresting.A．Bynomeans B．Yes,ofcourseC．Don’tworry D．Nodoubt.6．Itwassonoisythatwehearourselvesspeak.A．couldn’t B．shouldn’tC．mustn’t D．needn’t7．Manypeoplemaybesurprisedbythenumberofchemicalsthattheyare________tothrougheverydayhouseholdproducts.A．devoted B．addicted C．exposed D．applied8．Havingbeentreatedinthehospitalforaslongassixmonths,themaninjuredinthecarcrashisnoweventuallyback_______hisfeet.A．at B．inC．on D．to9．Ifyou___________tomyadvicecarefully,youwouldn’thavemadesuchaterriblemistake.A．listened B．havelistenedC．wouldlisten D．hadlistened10．ThefamousbookFrankenstein,________byBritishnovelistMaryShelley,isthefirstworkofsciencefiction.A．writing B．havingwrittenC．written D．waswritten11．－Couldyoupossilbytaketotherailwaystationtomorrow?A．NowayB．NevermindC．NotatallD．Noproblem12．—Vivien,youlookblue.What’swrong?—Therearesomanypapers_____.I’mreallybusyrecently.A．finishB．tofinishC．finishingD．finished13．Westronglyadviseyou______eatingyourmealsolate.It’snothealthy.A．on B．against C．from D．over14．—IheardMr.Morganwouldbehereat4:00pm.nextThursday.—No,he_____atthattime.A．wasboardingB．wouldbeboardingC．willbeboardingD．isboarding15．Theboyishavingafever.You’dbetterdampatowelandlayit______hisforehead.A．acrossB．withinC．throughD．beyond16．Thepresidentstoodbyawindowinsidetheroom,________Ientered,lookingoverthesquare.A．where B．intowhichC．which D．that17．Yourredcoatlookssogood.Itstoodoutclearly______thesnow.A．acrossB．againstC．throughD．over18．Somebusinessownersarekeenonpublicwelfare.Thisislocalserviceshavebeenfunded.A．whether B．what C．where D．how19．---Whatdoyoudo,Susan?---Iamaclerkinaforeigncompanynow.ButI__________Englishinahighschoolfor8years.A．teachB．hadtaughtC．havetaughtD．taught20．---Sorry!I’mafraidthatIcan’tgotothemagicshowbyDavidCopperfieldwithyou.---.A．Itdoesn’tmatter.B．Doasyoulike.C．Whatashame.D．Takeiteasy.第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）BestScienceBooksof2017Atitsheart,Scienceisaboutcuriosity.Soitstandstoreasonthesebooksaboutscienceshouldmakeyouexamineyourworldmoreclosely,andindoingso,giveyouasenseofwonder.BigChicken,byMarynMcKenna.InvestigativejournalistMarynMcKennausesthemodernindustrialchickenasawindowintohowantibiotics（抗生素）transformed,modernagriculture—forgoodandill.Shetraceshowanimalantibioticsendangerhumanhealth,musingseriousproblemsfromantibiotic-resistantstomachinfectionstoUTIs.RecognizingthatAmericansaregoingtocontinuetoeatchickennomatterwhat,McKennasuggestsawayinwhichfactoryfarmingridsitselfofitsdependenceonantibiotics.WhyTimeFlies,byAlanBurdickNewYorkerstaffwriterAlanBurdickexaminesthegreatestgifthumanityhaseverknown:time.Time,hewrites,appearstoexistintwodistinctforms.Onelsthestandardized,objectivekindfoundinclocksandwatches;theotherisourinternal,biologicalsenseoftime,theonewemeasureinourcells,bodiesandminds.Butthecloserhelooks,thelessclearerthisdistinctionappears.Paleoart,byZoëLescazeDinosaurshavelongcapturedtheimaginationsofscientistsandartistsalike,andPaleoartbringsthosevisionstogetherinablendofhumanknowledgeandcreativity.Theseimagesnotonlyshowourchangingunderstandingofdinosaurs,butalsoreflectthedistinctartisticsensibilitiesoftheirtime.Bothartisticandeducational,thesepicturesarecertainlyinfluential.WhatIt’sLiketoBeaDog,byGregoryBernsBerns,aneuroscientist,traineddogstositinamachine:inordertolookintothebrainsofconsciousdogsforthefirsttime.Thatpioneeringworkinspiredhimtodigdeeperintothemindsofotheranimals,fromsealionstotheextinctthylacine（袋狼）,Bernssays,“Withtheirabilitytothink,chooseandfeel,dogsandotheranimalsdonotdeservethecrueltreatmenthumanssooftendotothem.”1、Whichbookhassomethingtodowithpublichealth?A．WhyTimeFlies.B．Paleoart.C．WhatIt’sLiketoBeaDog.D．BigChicken.2、Whowritesabouttime?A．AlanBurdick.B．ZoëLescaze.C．GregoryBerns.D．MarynMckenna.3、WhatwasBerns’pioneeringwork?A．Studyingextinctanimals.B．Observingdogbrains.C．Fightingforanimalrights.D．Trainingdogs.22．（8分）Kidsseemtospendendlesshoursonsmartphones,computersandtabletsthesedays.Thebestthingparentscandotopreventitistoencourageyoungsterstospendmoretimeoutdoorsinthesunlight.Therehasbeenamassiverisearoundtheglobeinshort-sightedness—ormyopiaasit’sofficiallyknown—overrecentdecades.Myopiaorshort-sightednessisbecomingmorecommon.Lackofnaturallightseemstobethekeyissue.“Themainfactorseemstobealackofexposuretodirectsunlight,becausechildrenwhostudyalotandwhousecomputersorsmartphonesortabletcomputersalothavelessopportunitytorunaroundoutsideandarelessexposedtosunshineandbecauseofthatchildrenseemtobeatmoreriskofdevelopingshortsightedness.”ProfessorHammondsays,“Itmaybethere’snocoincidencethatinEastAsiancountries,themostmyopiconesallrelatemaytobethethatmathsleaguetables(排名表).Thesekidsarebeingpushedwithveryintensiveeducationfromaveryyoungageandspendalotoftimeindoorsstudyingcloseup.Thereforetheconcernisthatallclosework—likeplayingwiththeiPhone—carriesthepotentialthatitcouldmakethemmoreshortsighted.”Thebestthingtodo,saytheexperts,istogetchildrenplayingoutsideasmuchaspossible.“Inaperfectworld,probablyonaverageacrosstheweekandtheweekend,twohoursadayoutdoorsisprotectiveofbecomingshort-sightedinchildren.Healthydietisreallyalsoimportant—intermsofgettingoilyfish,greenvegetables,greenleafyvegetablesasmuchaspossible.“Whatweneedtolookatiswaysofmodifyingtheimpactthattheseactivitieshaveontheirvisualdevelopment.”ProfessorHammondsaid,“Thereareeyedropsandothertreatmentstoslowmyopiaprogression.Butintermsofpreventingmyopiaitself,thereisn’tanydataoutthereatthemomentintermsofthequestion,‘Couldthedropsweuseslowprogressionorstopmyopiadevelopingatall?‘”1、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2referto?A．Muchnaturallight.B．Runningaroundoutside.C．Computersorsmartphones.D．Lessexposuretosunshine.2、WhatdoesProfessorHammondthinkofshort-sightednessamongEastAsianchildren?A．Itappearsquitebychance.B．Itisnotseriousenough.C．ItlargelyrelatetoiPadoriPhone.D．Itconnectswiththeirstudypressure.3、Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Themyopicstudentswilldecreaseinthefuture.B．Researchershavefoundmethodstoreducemyopia.C．It’sstillahardjobtocontrolthechildren’smyopia.D．Researchersneedn’tcollectanymoredataonmyopia.4、Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．CommontroublesofstudentsB．Problemscausedbyshort-sightednessC．StayingoutdoorsmoretokeepgoodeyesightD．Theimportanceofprotectingkids23．（8分）Travelisoneofthemostexcitingexperiencesahumanbeingcanhave.ImaginehowItaliantravelerMarcoPolomusthavefeltwhenhefoundhimselfonChinesesoil,seeingawayoflifequitedifferentfromanythinghe’dseenbefore.AndhowmarvelousmustithavebeentolistentoZhangQianwhenhereturnedtoChinafromhisjourneythroughCentralAsiaandWestAsia?Hisbrainmusthavebeenpackedwitheverythinghe’dseenandheard,leadingtothefoundingoftheSilkRoad.Somepeoplehavetraveledallovertheworld,andtravelisawayoflifetothem.Theyperhapsknowwhattoexpectbeforetheytravel.That’swhythebesttraveliswhenit’sforthefirsttime.ImagineapersonwhohasalwayswantedtotraveltotheUnitedStates.Ofcourse,they’veprobablyseentheStatueofLibertyathousandtimesonTV,andtheWhiteHouse,andalltheotherfamoussights.Butnoneofthatwouldcomparetothethrilloflookingoutofthecabinwindowastheplanelands,watchingthecitiesandstreetsoftherealAmericacomeintoview.Althoughtravelisoftenjustforrecreation,it’salsoeducational.Wemaynotknowthatwearegettinganeducation,butwestillare.We’relearningeveryday:newwordsinanewlanguage,newpeople,andnewwaysoflife.Butthislearningtakesplaceintheschooloftheworld,nottheclassroom.Oneofthelessonswelearnisundoubtedlyamoralone.Aswegettoknowforeignplaces,wecometounderstandthattherearemanydifferentwaystolive,andthatthewayweliveisn’tnecessarilythebestway.TheBritishpoliticianBenjaminDisraelisummedthisupwellwhenhesaid,“Travelteachestoleration.”1、TheauthorusesMarcoPoloandZhangQianasexamplesto.A．explainhowtheSilkRoadwasfoundedB．presenttravelasanamazingexperienceC．showhowthewaypeopletravelhaschangedD．describeimportantculturalexchangesinhistory2、Bysaying“thebesttraveliswhenit’sforthefirsttime”,theauthormeansthat.A．one’sfirsttripisusuallythemostchallengingB．noothertripisbetterthanone’sfirsttripC．thereisalwaysmuchtolearnonone’sfirsttripD．peopleusuallymakebetterpreparationsfortheirfirsttrip3、Theunderlinedwordinparagraph4probablymeans.A．learningB．knowledgeC．funD．risk4、Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorbelievesthat.A．travelingshouldbeincludedinformaleducationB．travelingimprovespeople’sconfidenceintheirlifestyleC．aforeignjourneymayraisepeople’sculturalunderstandingD．thereismoretolearnfromadventuresthanbeinginclassroom24．（8分）Lifeisnotalwayseasy.Onedayyouwakeupfeelinglikeyoucantakeovertheworld,andthenextdayyouwakeupfeelinglikeallyouwanttodoistolieinbedandhidefromeverything.Peoplewalkintoyourlife,grabyourhand,andleadyouthroughthemostbeautifulpathyou’veknown,butsometimesthesamepeopleletgoofyourhandwithoutwarning,andyoubecomestrandedataplacewhereyouneverthoughtyou’dfeellost.Let’sbehonest,sometimeseverythingisgoingsogreatanditseemslikenothingcouldgowrong,butrightwhenyoubegintothinkthat,somethingsohorriblecomescrashingdownandallofasuddenmoreproblemscomedrowningaroundyouandyoujustfeelsohopelessbecauseit’ssobad…It’ssohardtounderstandwhysuchthingshappeninlife,andIpersonallywishIhadananswertothat“why”youalwaysaskyourself,butallIcansayisnomatterhowhardlifegets,youhavetokeepgoing.Thelifearoundyouwillneverstopgoingon.I’llbehonestandsaythatsometimesIfeelalittlebitworriedandallIcanthinkis“WillIbeabletokeepup?Whatifeverythinggoestoofast?”ButIrealizethatbeingscaredandlivingwiththatburdenofrunningawayfromproblemsonlyslowmedownevenmore.AndI’vecometothepointwhereIbelievethatbecauselifeneverstops,Ishouldn’tstopeither.It’sokaytotakeabreakandtogiveyourselftimetoheal,butyoucannotgiveupandyoucannotquit.Keeppositive,fillyourheartwithgratitudeforwhatyoualreadyhave,andalwaysremindyourselftobehumbleandtruetowhoyouare!1、Howdoestheauthorillustrate“Lifeisnotalwayseasy”?A．BymakingcomparisonsB．ByusingsomefamoussayingsC．BypresentinghisownexperienceD．Bylistingstatistics2、Accordingtotheauthor,itistotryrunningawayfromproblems.A．pointlessB．reasonableC．helpfulD．considerate3、Whichsayingcanexhibittheauthor’sattitudetowardslife?A．Saveagainstarainyday.B．Constantdrippingwearsawaythestone.C．Agoodmedicinetastesbitter.D．Thinkitoverbeforeyouleap25．（10分）Throughoutourdailylives,wehaveknownplentyofpeopleandwillknowmore.Buthowcanwetellifsomeoneistrustworthy?InapaperpublishedrecentlyintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,researchergaveustheanswer.Theresearchersasked101adultsfromtheUnitedStatestofilloutaquestionnairemeasuringtheirguilt-proneness(内疚倾向)indifferentsituationsaswellasseveralotherqualities,andthenplayashortonlinegame.Inthisgame,Player1isgiven$1,whichtheycanchoosetogivetoPlayer2.AnymoneygiventoPlayer2isthenautomaticallyincreasedto$2.20.Player2canthendecidewhethertokeepallofthemoneyorbehaveinatrustworthywaybyreturningaportionofthemoneytoPlayer1.Theresearchersfoundmoreguilt-pronepeopleweremorelikelytosharethemoneywithPlayer1.Actually,infollow-upstudies,guilt-pronenesspredictedtrustworthinessbetterthanotherpersonalityqualitiestheresearchersmeasured.Whymightguiltleadtotrustworthybehavior?Theresearchersfoundpeoplewhowereguilt-pronealsoreportedfeelinganobligationtoactinethical(合乎道德的)andresponsiblewayswhileinteracting(互动)withtheirpartnersinthegame.Peoplewhoareguilt-pronetendtoavoidengaginginbehaviorthatmightharmordisappointothers.Iftheydosomethingbad,guiltencouragesthemtotrytomakethingsrightagain.Then，howcanweusethisresearchtoascertainwhethersomeoneistrustworthy?“Onewaytodothismightbeobservehowtheyrespondtoexperienceregret,”leadauthorEmmaLevine,assistantprofessorattheUniversityofChicagoLevine,explains.Anotherwayistoaskthemtodescribeadifficultdilemmatheyfacedinthepast,suggestsco-authorTayaCohen,associateprofessoratCarnegieMellonUniversity.Thisisparticularlyeffective,Cohenandhercolleagueshavefound,becauseitallowsustoseeifthey’reconcernedabouttheeffectstheiractionshaveonothers.1、Whatmaymakeothersfeelthatwearereliableaccordingtothetext?A．Ourgoodqualitiestohelpthemout.B．Ourtendencytoexperienceguilt.C．Ourkindattitudetowardsthem.D．Ourteamspiritinthegame.2、Whatmayconnectguiltwithtrustworthybehavior?A．Asenseofresponsibility.B．Afeelingofdisappointment.C．Thewayoneinteractswithothers.D．Theabilitytotellrightfromwrong.3、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ascertain”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Ask B．ExpressC．Describe D．Determine4、Howisthetextorganizedanddeveloped?A．Byprovidingbackground.B．Bymakingalotofcomparisons.C．Byansweringtheraisedquestions.D．Byanalyzingeffectsofguilt-proneness.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）AgraysweaterhunglimplyonTommy’semptydesk,areminderofthesadboywhohadjustfollowedhisclassmatesoutofourthird-graderoom.SoonTommy’sparents,whohadrecently1,wouldarriveforaconferenceonhis2schoolworkandbadbehavior.3parentknewthatIhadsentfortheother.Tommy,an(a)4child,hadalwaysbeenahappy,cooperativeandexcellentstudent.HowcouldI5hisfatherandmotherthathisrecentfailinggradesrepresenteda6child’sreactiontohislovedparents’separationandcomingdivorce?Tommy’smotherenteredandtookoneofthechairsIhadplacednearmydesk..Soonthefatherarrived.Good!Atleasttheywere7enoughtobepresentatthemeeting.Alookofsurpriseandangerpassedbetweenthem,andthentheypointedly(purposely)8eachother.AsIgaveadetailedaccountofTommy’sbehaviorandschoolwork,Iprayedforthe9wordstobringthesetwotogether,tohelpthemseewhattheyweredoingtotheirson.10somehowthewordswouldn’tcome.Perhapsiftheysawoneofhisunclear11donepapers.Ifoundacrumpled(褶皱的)tear-stainedsheetstuffedinthebackofhisdesk,anEnglishpaper.12coveredbothsides-nottheassignment,butasinglesentencescribbled(潦草的写)overandover.13IsmootheditoutandgaveittoTommy’smother.Shereaditandthenwithoutawordhandedittoherhusband.Hefrowned.Thenhisface14.Hestudiedthescrawledwordsfor15seemedsolongatime.Atlasthefoldedthepapercarefully,placeditinhispocket,and16hiswife’soutstretchedhand.Shewipedthetearsfromhereyesand17athim.Myowneyeswerefilledwithtears,butneitherseemedtonotice.Hehelpedherwithhercoatandtheylefttogether.InhisownwayGodhadgivenmethewordsto18thatfamily.Hehadguidedmetothesheetofyellowcopypapercoveredwiththe19showing(流露)ofasmallboy’s20heart.Thewords,“DearMom...DearDaddy...Iloveyou...Iloveyou...Iloveyou.”1、A．remarriedB．separatedC．leftD．divided2、A．puzzlingB．encouragingC．failingD．disappointed3、A．NeitherB．EachC．EveryD．Either4、A．aloneB．stupidC．fearfulD．only5、A．convinceB．allowC．suggestD．promise6、A．cold-heartedB．broken-heartedC．warm-heartedD．exited-hearted7、A．likedB．sadC．inspiredD．concerned8、A．missedB．lookedC．ignoredD．fought9、A．necessaryB．gratefulC．rightD．helpless10、A．OrB．ButC．AndD．So11、A．carefullyB．seriouslyC．patientlyD．carelessly12、A．WritingB．PhrasesC．TearsD．Notes13、A．EagerlyB．SecretlyC．SilentlyD．Quickly14、A．puzzledB．softenedC．discouragedD．surprised15、A．itB．thatC．whichD．what16、A．tookupB．gottoC．heldupD．reachedfor17、A．smiledB．glancedC．laughedD．glared18、A．helpB．reuniteC．supportD．change19、A．upsetB．happyC．sadD．regretful20、A．troubledB．beatingC．disappointingD．moved第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）IenjoyedEnglish,biology,andchemistryatschool,butwhichoneshouldchoose1．(study)atuniversity?IdidnotknowtheansweruntiloneeveningwhenIsatdownatthecomputertodosomeresearchongreatwomenofChina.BychanceIcameacrossanarticleaboutadoctor2．(call)LinQiaozhi,aspecialist3．women’sdiseases.Shelivedfrom1901to1983.Itseemed4．shehadbeenverybusyinherchosencareer,5．(travel)abroadtostudyaswellaswritingbooksand6．(article).Oneofthem7．(catch)myeye.Itwasasmallbookexplaininghowtocutthedeathratefromhavingandcaringforbabies.Shegavesomesimplerulestofollowforkeepingbabiesclean,healthyandfreefrom8．(sick).Whydidshewritethat?WhowerethewomenthatLinQiaozhithoughtneededthisadvice?Ilooked9．(careful)atthetextandrealizedthatitwasintendedforwomenin10．countryside.Perhapsiftheyhadanemergencytheycouldnotreachadoctor.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。MyfriendMaryisinterestedinChinesecharacters、OnedaysheaskedforaChinesecharacter“美”onmepaper,“Whatdoesthismean?”Itoldheritmeans“beauty”、Shecontinued,“Howitstructured?Suddenly,Iwassticking、ThenIsearchedontheInternet、Thecharactercomesintwopart-lambandbig、ThelambsintheagriculturaldaysofancientChinameantnotonlyagoodmealbutalsoagiftofbeautyfromthenature、AtthatmomentIrealizedIhavebeentakingmycultureforgranted,leaveitinthecomer、IturnedtoHollywoodandSuperBowls,what,brilliantastheyare,canhelpmedefine(定义）whoIam、第二节书面表达（满分25分）29．（25分）假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Peter来信向你咨询