人教高三英语复合句

复合句精选ppt（一）复合句概述

复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句和从句都具有完整的主谓结构，但主句是全局的主体，从句只是全句中的一个成分，不能独立存在。从句通常是用引导词来引导的。在这里引导词还起联系从句和主句的作用。精选ppt1.从句的分类

复合句根据其从句在句子中所做的成分，可分为：名词性从句、形容词性从句、副词性从句。名词性从句形容词性从句副词性从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句定语从句状语从句精选ppt2.复合句的引导词从属连词连接代词连接副词关系代词关系副词that;whether;ifalthough/though;becausewhen;before;aftersince;as;whileassoonas;aslongas;asifwho;whom;which;what;whosewhen;where;why;howwho;whom;which;thatwhen;where;why精选ppt（二）主语从句1.主语从句概述主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。引导主语从句的词有连词that,whether;疑问代词who,what,which;疑问副词when,where,why,how.精选pptThathewillcomeiscertain.

他会来是毫无疑问的。Whowillgomakesnodifference.

谁去都没有关系。Howthishappenedisnotclear.这究竟是怎样发生的还不清楚。Whyhedidthatwasasecret.他为何要那样做还是一个谜。精选ppt2.that引导的主语从句(1)that引导主语从句时，不同于其他的连词，在主语从句中无任何意义，也不充当任何成分，只是单纯的连词，通常不可以省略.Thathewillsucceediscertain.他会成功是肯定的。Thathegotthefirstplaceistrue.他得了第一是肯定的。精选ppt（2）在通常情况下，that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句尾，如：

Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.Itistruethathegotthefirstplace.精选ppt(3)如果以that从句为主语的句子是疑问句，就只能用it作形式主语结构，如：

Isitcertainthathewillcome?他要来确定吗？Isittruethathewouldtaketherisk?

他要承担很大的风险是真的吗？精选ppt（4）it作形式主语置于句首时的结构1）“It+be+形容词+that从句”结构，常用于这种句型的形容词有：fortunate,possible,(un)likely,strange,probable,true,doubtful等，如：Itisstrangethatnoonewantstogothere.Itislikelythathewillcome.精选ppt2）”It+be+名词词组+that从句“结构，常用于这种句型的名词及名词词组有：goodnews,commonknowledge,anhonour,apity,ashame,nowonder,amystery等，如：

Itiscommonknowledgethattheearthturnsaroundthesun.精选ppt3）“It+be+-ed分词+that从句”结构，常用于这种句型的过去分词有：said,believed,reported,pointedout,discussed,proved,decided等

Itisreportedthattherewillbeastormthisafternoon.Itisdemandedthatheleaveatonce.精选ppt4）It+seem/happen等不及物动词+that分句，如：

Itseemsthatitisgoingtorainsoon.Itnowappearsthattheyareintrouble.精选ppt3.whether引导的主语从句Whethershewillgothereisnotknown.

还不知道她是否要去那里。WhetherIwillacceptthejobisnotdecided.从句置于句首时必须用

whether引导，置于句尾时，

有时if可以和whether交换。[注]精选ppt4.wh-疑问词引导的主语从句Whatweneedisyourhelp.Whatshesaidisnottrue.Thatiswhyhelefthishometown.Itisnotknownwhyhedidthis.精选ppt5.-ever引导的主语从句whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever表示“无论什么”“无论谁”“无论何时”“无论在哪里”，语气比what,who,when等强烈。WhateverIhaveisyours.Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.精选ppt（2004北京，24）高考真题再现TheForeignMinistersaid,”__ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”AThisisBThereisCThatisDItisD解析：本题中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句。精选ppt高考真题再现（2001上海，27）__shecouldn’tunderstandwas__fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.AWhat;whyBThat;whatCWhat;becauseDWhy;thatA主语从句shecouldn’tunderstand缺少宾语，要用what引导。表语从句fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons是一个完整的句子，要用why引导精选ppt（三）表语从句1.表语从句概述表语从句在复合句中做主句的表语。一般放在主句的谓语动词（联系动词）之后，引导表语从句的词有连词that,whether,asif;代词who,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等精选pptThequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.Itlooksasifitwasgoingtosnow.Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.Thisishowshedidit.精选ppt2.that引导的表语从句当表语从句为陈述句的语气时，用that来引导，that无任何意义，不充当任何句子成分Thefactisthatthechildislying.Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.精选ppt3.whether引导的表语从句当表语从句为不确定的语气时，用whether来引导，此时通常不可用if代替whetherItwasuncertainwhetherhewouldcome.Thequestioniswhetherpeoplewillbuyit.精选ppt4.wh-疑问词引导的表语从句当表语从句为疑问的语气时，用wh-疑问词来引导，要注意表语从句的语序要用陈述句的语序Thequestioniswhereweshouldgo.Thatiswhyhewaslate.精选ppt5.asif/though引导的表语从句Helooksasifhewereangry.精选ppt高考真题再现（2004全国Ⅰ，31）

Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis__Idisagree.AwhyBwhereCwhatDhowB解析：本题考查表语从句的关联词。disagree一般做不及物动词，作及物动词时也不直接跟名词、代词做宾语。and连接两个并列成分，this指代上句所说的内容。根据逻辑意义，应选B。where在从句中作地点状语，意思是“这就是我不同意的地方”。精选ppt高考真题再现(2003北京春季，25)-Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?-Oh,that’s____.AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcitedA解析：what引导表语从句，what在表语从句中做主语。精选ppt（四）宾语从句宾语从句在句中起宾语的作用。它可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词、不定式、分词、动名词以及某些形容词（如sure,glad,pleased等）的宾语。宾语从句可以由连词that,whether,if;代词who,whose,what,which;和副词when,where,how,why等引导1.宾语从句概述精选pptIthink(that)he’llbeallrightinafewdays.

我想他几天后就会好了。Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosedictionaryitwas.精选ppt2.宾语从句在句中的位置（1）作动词的宾语

Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.（2）做介词的宾语

Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.

我们的成功在于我们彼此能够很好的合作。精选ppt（3）作形容词的宾语Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.常跟that从句作宾语的形容词有：

anxious,aware,certain,glad,confident,convinced,determined,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等精选ppt（4）it可以做形式宾语，而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.（5）有些动词后不能跟that从句做宾语，这类动词有：allow,let,refuse,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等精选ppt3.宾语从句的引导词（1）that引导的宾语从句1）当宾语从句是陈述句时，由that引导，这时that在宾语从句中无意义，不充当任何成分，常省略，如：Iknow(that)youhavemethim.精选ppt2）经常在及物动词和宾语从句之间插入一个间接宾语（人），如：

Hetoldmethathewaswrong.3）若宾语从句跟在动词think,believe,suppose,expect等表示“要，认为”等的动词后时，句子的否定体现在主句上，如：Idon’tthinkyouareright.精选ppt4）许多带复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后面，而用it做形式宾语，如：

Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone.精选ppt（2）whether，if引导的宾语从句

1）当宾语从句表示不肯定或疑问时，由whether,if引导，表示“是否”，“是不是”“能否”等时，一般可互换，如：

Heaskedifshewouldcome.精选ppt2）从句中有ornot时，不可用if取代，只能用whether

Idon’tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.3）从句作介词宾语时，不可用if取代，只能用whether

Everythingdependsonwhetheryouagreewithus.精选ppt（3）wh-疑问词引导的宾语从句如果宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化来的，要用wh-特殊疑问词来引导，意义即为疑问词本身的含义

Tellmewhatyouwant.Youmayaskhimwhenhecomes.精选ppt4.宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，尤其要注意whether,if,和wh-疑问词引导的宾语从句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序

Idon’tknowwhoallthosepeopleare.精选ppt5.宾语从句的时态

宾语从句的时态必须与主句呼应（1）当主句中谓语是现在或将来时态时，从句中谓语不受主句谓语时态的影响，可以按需要使用任何时态精选ppt（２）当主语谓语是过去时态，从句中的时态一般为表示过去的某种时态（如过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）

Hesaid(that)therewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.精选ppt（３）当主句谓语是过去时态，而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理（事实）时，宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时

Theteachertoldus(that)nothingisdiffcultifyouputyourheartintoit.老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人。精选ppt高考真题再现（2002北京春季，28）

-Ithinkit’sgoingtobeabigproblem.

-yes,itcouldbe.

-Iwonder__wecandoaboutit.

AifBhowCwhatDthatC解析：宾语从句中wecando后缺少宾语，要用what填写精选ppt高考真题再现（2002上海春季，38）Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly__hewants.AwhatBwhichCwhenDthatA解析：这是宾语从句，wants后面缺少宾语，要填写what。Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactlywhathewants是一句谚语，意思是“永远给予别人他确实想要的东西。”精选ppt高考真题再现（2002上海，29）

Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee___.AwhoisheBwhoheisCwhoisitDwhoitisD解析：who引导宾语从句，要用陈述句的语序。所谈到的人不清楚是男是女时，要用it来指代。精选ppt（五）同位语从句1.同位语从句概述用作同位语的从句，叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词（如face,idea,news,promise等）的后面，用以说明或解释前面的名词，引导同位语从句的词有连词that,连接副词how,when,where等精选pptIhavenoideawhenhewillbeback.

我不知道他何时会回来。Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.

我听到了我们队胜利的消息。精选ppt2.that引导的同位语从句在下列名词后可用that引导同位语从句：

answer,belief,doubt,fact,hope,idea,information,knowledge,law,news,opinion,plan,suggestion,thought,truth等精选ppt

Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.Thefactthathewonthefirstprizecan’tbedenied.

他取得第一名的事实不容否认。精选ppt4.应注意的几个问题（1）名词demand,proposal,suggestion等后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语为“should+动词原形”或只用动词原形Thesuggestionthattheplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.推迟那项计划的建议将在明天讨论。精选ppt（2）同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句引导词无意义，不充当成分，但不可省略，同位语从句与其说明的名词或代词应为同一内容，但定语从句的引导词要在从句中作成分，是对限定词的一个限定说明精选pptHetoldmethenewsthatourteamwon.Hetoldmethenewsthatwasveryexciting.同位语从句定语从句Weareinterestedinthenewsthatsomeforeignerswillvisitourschool.Weareinterestedinthenewsthathetoldus.同位语从句定语从句精选ppt高考真题再现（2004上海春季，41）

Alongwiththeletterwashispromise__hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.

AwhichBthatCwhatDwhetherB精选ppt（六）定语从句精选ppt定语从句定语从句的相关概念

关系代词、关系副词的基本用法

that和which用法的区别

as和which用法的区别

关系代词前介词的确定精选ppt1.定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句2.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词关系代词、关系副词3.引导定语从句的词关系代词：关系副词：when,where,why等who,whom,whose,which,that等定语从句的相关概念精选ppt指代所做成分是否可省略that人；物主语；宾语作宾语可省which物主语；宾语作宾语可省who人主语；宾语作宾语可省whom人宾语可省whose人；物定语不可省关系代词的用法关系代词精选ppt关系副词的用法指代所做成分是否可省略when时间状语否where地点状语否why原因状语否关系副词精选ppt1.Theman_____cametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.Thegirl______ImetisLucy.

3.Achild_______parentsaredeadiscalledTom.

4.Ilikethebook___________youboughtyesterday.whowhomwhosethat,/which精选pptwhose在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.精选ppt5.Weshallneverforgetthedays_________wespenttogether.

6.Weshallneverforgetthedays______welivedtogether.

7.Iliketheperson_________youjusttalked.that,whichwhentowhom精选ppt

（90NMET)

Hepaidtheboy10dollarsforwashingtenwindows,mostof_____hadnotbeencleanedforatleastayear.

A.theseB.those

C.thatD.whichKey:D精选ppt一、that和which用法的区别(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。e.g.Iamsureshehassomething(that)

youcanborrow.(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。1、宜用that不用which的情况I’vereadallthebooks

thatarenotmine.精选ppt(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.精选ppt(5)先行词是who或which引导的主句。

Who

isthegirl(that)

drovethecar?

Who(that)brokethewindowwillbepunished.(6)主句以Therebe引导时

Thereare200people(that)didn’tknowthething.精选ppt(7)当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系代词用that.Sheisn’tthegirl

thatshewas10yearsago.(8)当先行词是which时，关系代词用that.Whichisthebookthatyouboughtlastweek?精选ppt①关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）

Therearemanytreesunder(which)theycanhavearest.2、只用which不用that的情况②在非限制性定语从句中

Football,

(which)isaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.精选ppt注意：介词提前时只能用which而不能用that。Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?fromthat精选ppt1.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory.2.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou.3.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.whothatwhichthatwhichthat精选ppt4.ThisisthebikebythatIgotoschooleveryday.5.Sheheardaterriblenoise,thatbroughtherheartintohermouth.thatwhichwhichthat精选ppt(94NMET)

_______isknowntoall,Chinawillbean_____powerfulcountryin20or30years’time.

A.That;advancing

B.This;advanced

C.As;advanced

D.Which;advancedKey:C精选ppt二、as与which引导定语从句时的区别两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.精选ppt2.当与such或thesame连用时，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanasyou.精选ppt3.当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。.e.g.Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.精选ppt4.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,as

wasexpected.

Tomhasmadegreatprogress,

which

madeushappy.精选ppt5.Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“andthis”or“andthat”.译为“这一点”。而as则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如…..那样”，且已形成固定结构。如：asisknown,asissaid,asisreported,asisoftenthecase,asisexpected.Etc.精选pptBambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.Einstein,asisknown,isafamousscientist.6.Which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。精选ppt1.Itrainedhardyesterday,_____preventedusfromgoingtothepark.

A.thatB.whichC.asD.it2.______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolisincreasing.

A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.What3.Chongqingisnotthesamecity_______wehaveseeninotherplaces.A.thatB.whichC.不填D.asBBD精选ppt

Alecaskedthepoliceman_____heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.

A.withwhomB.who

C.withhimD.whomKey:A(2000NMET)精选ppt三、关系代词前介词的确定1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’msure.精选ppt3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：

e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,

two-thirdsofwhom

havebeentoBeijing.精选ppte.g.

Theyliveinahouse,

whosedoor

openstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,

ofwhichthedoor

openstothesouth.

Theylivedinahouse,

thedoorofwhich

opentothesouth.5.Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：

精选ppt1.Theknife_____weusedtocutthebreadisverysharp.

A.whichB.withthat

C.withitD.withwhich2.Thebeautifuldress______MissJoneswenttotheballwasborrowedfromafriendofhers.

A.inwhichB.wornby

C.wearingwhichD.that3.Ihavetwoballpens,______writeswell.

A.neitherofthemB.noneofthem

C.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhichDAC精选pptwhen在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.onwhichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.inwhich四、关系副词when,where,why的用法精选pptItrainedheavily,forwhichhewaslatefortheclass.why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.精选ppt四、关系副词when,where,why的用法关系副词都等于一个适当的介词＋which，在从句中作状语

1.Doyoustillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)wewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?When=in/at/on/…+which;Where=in/at/on/…+which;Why=for/…+which2.Thisisthefactorywhere(inwhich)myfatheronceworked.3.Thisisthereasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslate.精选ppt五、关系代词和关系副词在定从中的不同成分a、Thisistheplacewhereheworks.Thisistheplacewhich(that)wevisitedlastyear.b、Thatwasthetimewhenhearrived.Doyoustillrememberthedaysthat(which)wespenttogether?c、Thisisthereasonwhyhewent.Thereasonthat(which)hegaveuswasquitereasonable.精选ppt限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开引导词：who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich,when,where等，不用that,不能省略引导词：

关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略精选pptThemanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain.Mysister,whoistwenty,worksinabank.Mr.king,whoselegwasbadlyhurt,wastakentohospitalquickly.ThebossinwhosedepartmentMr.kingworkedhadheardabouttheaccident.精选ppt

1.Doyoustillremembertheday_______IfirstcametoBeijing?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where2.I’mgoingtovisittheschool_________mymothertaughtphysicstenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what

3.Sheisnotthewoman_________shewasbefore.A.whatB.thatC.whoD.asCAB精选ppt.4.Sheworeaheavyfurcoatinsuchahotday,_____Ifoundquitestrange.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when5.Wecametoaplace_______theyhadneverpaidavisitbefore.A.towhereB.towhichC.thatD.which6.Heoftenhelpsthestudents__hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.A.whomB.whoC.whenD.becauseABB精选ppt7.

Thebaby_________isnothers.

A.ofthatsheistakinggoodcare

B.whosheistakinggoodcare

C.ofwhosheistakinggoodcare

D.whomsheistakinggoodcareof8.Thehighbuilding______isabighotel.

A.wearelookingatitB.welookingC.atthatwearelookingD.wearelookingatDD精选ppt先行词还原法精选ppt把定语从句中所修饰的先行词还原到定语从句中去精选ppt/that,which先行词定语从句介词where,when,why+精选pptDoyoustillrememberthechickenfarm___wevisitedthreemonthsago?AwhereBwhenCthatDwhat

thechickenfarmC[2005春招北京试题]精选pptWewillbeshownaroundthecity:school,museums,andsomeotherplaces,___othervisitorsseldomgo.AwhatBwhichCwhereDwhenCplaces[2002年北京考题]精选pptIsthisthereason___atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork

?AheexplainedBwhatheexplainedChowheexplainedDwhyheexplained[2002年上海高考试题]thereasonA(that)精选ppt注意:不要把主句的介词归属到从句中介词主句从句精选pptWearelivinginanage__

manythingsaredoneoncomputer.AwhichBthatCwhoseDwhenDanage[例题]精选ppt(七）状语从句

状语从句根据其句中表达的不同功能，可分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句精选ppt1.时间状语从句（1）引导时间状语从句的连接词有when,as,while,after,before,since,assoonas,eversince,till,until,once,whenever,nosooner…than,hardly…when,themoment,everytime,each,time,nexttime,directly,immediately,bythetime等精选ppt（2）when,while,as引导的时间状语从句1）when的用法

①

when既可引导一个持续性动作，也可引导一个短暂行动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作IwasthinwhenIwasachild.精选ppt②(youare)whe引导时间状语从句时，如果主从句主语相同，从句有be动词，则从句可省略主语和be动词

When(youare)introuble,youcanvisitthisman.精选ppt③when在beabouttodo…when…,bedoing…when…,haddone…when…,beonone’sway…when…,beonthepointofdoing…when…等结构中，当“在那时”讲，表示某件事情正在发生或刚刚发生，另一动作同时发生

ThetelephonewasringingwhenIgothome.精选ppt2）while用法

①while引导的动作必须是持续性的，强调某一段时间内，主从句动作同时发生，相当于duringthetimethat…

MymotherwascookingwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.精选ppt②while除了可用作从属连词之外，还可用作并列连词，表示相对关系“然而”

IlikewatchingTVwhilehelikesreading.精选ppt3）as的用法

①as引导时间状语从句时，强调并行发生，不指先后

AsIleftthehouse,Iforgotthekey.

②as常用作“一边…一边…”Johnsingsasheworks.精选ppt

③as还可以说明两种正发展或变化的情况，有“随着”的意思，表时间的推移

AsIgetolder,Igetmoreoptimistic(乐观的).精选ppt④强调两个动作紧接着发生

Ashewasgoingout,itbegantorain.⑤as有时引起一个名词，这时它相当于一个时间状语从句

Asaboy(whenhewasaboy),hewashopelessatmaths.精选ppt（3）before引导的时间状语从句1）before引导的时间状语从句，不用否定式谓语

Beforetheygottothebusstop,thebushadgone.精选ppt2）当before引导的从句位于主句之后时，译成“……（之后）才”，如果主句中用一般将来时，before从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时

Itwillbelongbeforewemeetagain.精选ppt（4）till和untiltill和until都表示“直到”，常可换用，但till不用于句首，也不可用于强调句1）“延续性动词（肯定式）+until”表示“动作延续到…为止”，译为“直到…为止”

Hewaiteduntil(itwas)teno’clock.精选ppt2）”终止性动词/延续性动词的否定式+until”表示“直到…才”

Hedidn’tgotobeduntilhehadfinishedhiswork.3）用于强调句式

“Itisnotuntil…that…”

Itwasnotuntiltheprofessorcamethatwebegantheexperiment.精选ppt4）notuntil放在句首时，主句要用倒装语序Notuntilhegraduateddidhesucceedinobtainingthecompound.直到毕业他才成功获得这种化合物。精选ppt（5）since引导时间状语从句，意为“自从…时”，主句要用完成时态，但时间的计算方式略有不同.1）since后如果是终止性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动作发生时算起

MrLihasbeenheresincehecameback.精选ppt2）since后如果是延续性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动作结束时算起

Hehasn’tbeenbackatschoolsincehewasill.精选ppt3）有时时间的起点要从该动作发生时或状态开始时算起，主要根据句子的意思来考虑

I’veknownMrSmithsinceIwasaboy.4）在“Itis＋一段时间＋…”句型中，时间一律以since从句的动作完成时算起

It’stwoyearssincewearrivedhere.精选ppt（６）表示“一…就…”的句型1）assoonas,once,directly,immediately,themoment引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译作“一…就…”，这类从句中，经常用一般时态代替将来时态，如：

Assoonashearrives,I’lltellhim.精选ppt2）ondoingsth.或“onone’s+名词”作时间状语

Onhisarrivalatclassroom,theteachercameandthebellrang.Onatarrivingthestation,thethiefwasarrested.精选ppt3）nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcelybefore/when引导的时间状语从句表示“刚…就…””一…就…”,在这些结构中，主句动作先发生，用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，主句常用倒装语序，把助动词had放在主语前面

Nosoonerhadhereachedhomethanitbegantorain.精选ppt[注]①当这些表示否定意义的词或短语不放在句首时，句子不倒装

Ihadnosoonerreachedthebusstopthanthebusstarted.我刚到车站，车就开走了。②nosooner只能同than连用，而hardly和scarcely则只能用when连用，不可混淆。精选ppt（7）时间状语从句的省略

当时间状语从句的主语相同，从句又有be动作出现时，从句可省略主语和be动词

Don’tspeakuntilspokento.精选ppt2.地点状语从句（1）地点状语从句由where,wherever引导

Wemustcampwherewecangetwater.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营.精选ppt（2）地点状语从句与定语从句的区别

where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词做先行词；而状语从句前，则无先行词精选pptGobackwhereyoucamefrom.你从何处来到何处去。Gobacktothevillagewhereyoucamefrom.回到你来的那个村子里去。(where引导地点状语从句)(where引导定语从句，修饰village)精选ppt3.原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词有because,since,as,now(that),(既然),seeingthat(鉴于),consideringthat(考虑到…，由于)精选ppt（1）because用来回答why提问，表示的原因语气最强，一般用在主句后面，强调的是原因状语从句时，可用在强调句中

IdoitbecauseIwanttodoit.精选ppt[注]

because和becauseof的区别：

because是连词，引导原因状语从句，becauseof是短语介词，后面接名词性短语精选ppt（2）since,as,nowthat引导的原因状语从句1）since引导的从句的语气次于because引导的从句，常表示稍加分析后推断出来的原因，或指的是人们已知的事实，比as正式，一般译成“既然，鉴于”,常置于句首SinceImustdieImustdoit.精选ppt2）as语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明，一般放在句首

Ashewasn’treadyintime,wewentwithouthim.3）nowthat用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推论，位于句首时，that可省略

Now(that)everybodyishere,let’sbegin.精选ppt（3）for也可表示原因，属并列连词，不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，用于表示补充说明理由

Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.精选ppt（4）原因状语从句有时可以省略，用分词形式表示，但主句和从句的主语应该一致

Asthelittleboywasblind,hecouldn’tseeanything.Beingblind,thelittleboycouldn’tseeanything.精选ppt4.目的状语从句（1）引导目的状语从句的词或词组有：sothat(为了，以便),so(以便),inorderthat(以便，这样…就),incase(以防),forfearthat(以防),lest(以免)等，谓语常含may,might,can,could,will,would等情态动词

Takeyourraincoatincaseitrains.精选ppt（2）当从句与主句主语一致时，可用soasto,inorderto

Heranfastsothathemightarrivetherebeforeteno’clock.Heranfastsoastoarrivetherebeforeteno’clock.精选ppt（3）incase引导的目的状语从句表示“以防”“以免”

Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.（4）lest引导的从句中须用“should+动词原形”，表虚拟语气

IshallwriteitdownlestIshouldforget.精选ppt5.结果状语从句（1）引导结果状语从句的词或词组有：so(结果),sothat(结果),so…that…(如此…以至于),such…that…(如此…以至于)Thestoneissoheavythatnobodycouldmoveit.精选ppt（2）sothat和suchthat的区别

so为副词，修饰动词、副词或形容词，不能修饰名词；such是形容词，修饰名词1）so+adj./adv.+that从句

TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit.精选ppt2）so+adj.+冠词+名词单数+that从句

Sheissobeautifulagirlthatalltheboysofourclasslikeher.3）so+many/few/much/little+n.+that从句

Thereissolittlewaterthatyoucan’tdrink.精选ppt4）such+冠词+adj.+名词单数+that从句

Sheissuchagoodgirlthatshecanhelpyou.[注]little译作“小，可爱”时，常用such

Sheissuchagoodgirlthatshecanhelpyou.精选ppt6.条件状语从句（1）引导条件状语的词或词组有：if(如果，假如),unless(除非，如果不),solongas(只要),aslongas(如果，万一),ifonly(只要),providedthat或providing(that)(假如)等

IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldbuythecar.精选ppt（2）“祈使句+and/or/orelse/otherwise”引导的结果句，祈使句在意义上实际上相当于条件状语从句

Useyourhead,andyou’llfindaway.精选ppt（3）ifonly也可以引导条件状语从句Ifonlyitclearsup,we’llgo.如果天放晴，我们就走。精选ppt（4）“if+否定句”相当于“not…unless+肯定句”Youcan’tenterthehallifyouhavenoticket.Youcan’tenterthehallunlessyou