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Boulder’sCarbonTax:
History&ImplementationJonathanKoehnEnvironmentalAffairsManager,CityofBoulder,ColoradoGRA2007ResearchConferenceAugust7,2007Boulder’sCarbonTax:
History1Cancitiesreallymakeadifference?ClimateChange?Cancitiesreallymakeadiffe2Whatwe’lltalkabout:OrientyoutoBoulderDevelopmentofBoulder’sClimateActionPlanTheCarbonTax2007ImplementationPlansWhatwillthefuturehold?Whatwe’lltalkabout:Orienty3CarbonTaxofBoulder__美国波尔多市碳税课件4CarbonTaxofBoulder__美国波尔多市碳税课件5CarbonTaxofBoulder__美国波尔多市碳税课件6CarbonTaxofBoulder__美国波尔多市碳税课件7Boulder’sPoliticalContextsmartpolicydecisionsoverthedecadeshavecreatedasolidfoundationfromwhichtobuildfinancialresources,communitysupport,andpoliticalwilltobeaninnovatorandleader“powerful”municipalimageinColoradoBoulder’sPoliticalContextsm8ClimateChangeintheNewsClimateChangeintheNews9thinkouthere
….SustainabilityisaboutproblemsolvingBoulder’sClimateActionPlan:
Howwegotherethink….Sustainabilityi10Boulder’sClimateActionPlan:
HowwegothereMay2002:BoulderCityCounciladoptsKyotoProtocolgoalsforthecity:
“Reducecommunity-widegreenhouse gasemissionsto7%below1990levels by2012.”2003:volunteergroupdevelopsframeworkforClimateActionPlan;cityspends$100,000developingadetailedGHGinventoryBoulder’sClimateActionPlan:11Boulder’sClimateActionPlan:
HowwegothereNovember2004:CityCouncilappropriates$258,000annuallyin2005and2006forGHGreductionprogramsanddevelopmentofaClimateActionPlan(CAP),includinglong-termfundingoptions2005:Council,staff,andkeystakeholdersdevelopoverarchingstrategiesfortheCAPandexplorefundingoptions;staffbeginsrampinguplimitedprogramsBoulder’sClimateActionPlan:12Boulder’sClimateActionPlan:
Howwegothere2006:ClimateActionPlanCommitteeshepherdsCAPtowardcompletion;adoptedbycitycouncilinJuneCouncildeterminescarbontaxisbestrevenuesourceforimplementation,placestaxonNovemberballotMeasurepasses,60.5%infavor,39.5%opposedBoulder’sClimateActionPlan:13Boulder’sCarbonTax:
SpecificsTaxonelectricityconsumption15%Boulder’sCarbonTax:
Specific14Boulder’sCarbonTax:
SpecificsMaximizevoluntaryemissionsreductionsthrough:Education,outreachandmarketingReducingbarrierstoenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyConnectingresidentsandbusinesseswithavailablerebatesandtaxcreditsBoulder’sCarbonTax:
Specific15Boulder’sCarbonTax:
SpecificsAppliestoallelectricitycustomersinthecityNotaxchargedforgreenpowercustomersRatessetindirectproportiontoexpectedprogramsectorexpendituresRatescanbere-setdependingonprogramneedsRatescanbeincreasedby20%Sunsetsin2012Willraiseapproximately$1millionperyearBoulder’sCarbonTax:
Specific16Boulder’sCarbonTax:
SpecificsSectorRates:centsperkillowatt-hourResidential0.22Commercial0.04Industrial0.02Boulder’sCarbonTax:
Specific17ClimateActionPlan
StrategiesIncreaseenergyefficiencySwitchtorenewableenergyandvehiclefuelsReducevehiclemilestraveledMaximizevoluntaryemissionsreductionsthrough:Education,outreachandmarketingConnectingresidentsandbusinesseswithavailablerebatesandtaxcreditsProvidingservicesnotofferedintheBouldermarketClimateActionPlan
Strategie182005EmissionsbySector2005EmissionsbySector19ResidentialSector
Characteristics17%oftotalGHGemissionsApproximately51,030residentialunits,45%single-familyand55%multi-familydwellingsRoughlyhalfofhousingunitsarerentalpropertiesResidentialSector
Characteris20EnergyEfficiency
CurrentProgramsIncome–QualifiedWeatherization2007Budget:$40,000,for20homesIncreasedincomeguidelinesto78.5%ofAMI(HUD+10%)andopenedtorentersMeasuresinclude:InsulationFurnacereplacementRefrigeratorreplacementProgrammablethermostatDuctsealingCFLsConsideringevaporativecoolingEnergyEfficiency
CurrentProg21EnergyEfficiency
CurrentProgramsResidentialEnergyAuditProgram2007Budget:$33,450218homesinthecityofBoulderHomeownerpays$100oftheauditcostEnergyEfficiency
CurrentProg22EnergyEfficiency
CurrentProgramsBoulderEnergyBrigade2007budget$30,0002006pilottargeted550homeswithkits,andconducted631-hourauditsProgramhighlights:Deliverkitswithlow-cost,no-costefficiencymeasuresandeducationalliteratureEnergyEfficiency
CurrentProg23CarbonTaxofBoulder__美国波尔多市碳税课件24EnergyEfficiency
CurrentProgramsMulti-FamilyUnitAudits4MFUsauditedin20062007budget-$25,000Waterconservationmatchingbudget2007Goal–15buildingsaswellasworkingwithpropertyownerstoimplementrecommendationsEnergyEfficiency
CurrentProg25EnergyEfficiency
CurrentProgramsHomePerformancew/ENERGYSTAR(HPwES)2007budget:$20,000IntensivecontractortrainingaimedtotransformmarketCFLgiveaway/buydown2007budget:$9,000focusonbuy-downandcouponprograminconjunctionwithXcel’sbuydownConservED:100thHumanInitiative2007pilotbudget:$3,000EnergyImpactAnalysesfor30homesEnergyEfficiency
CurrentProg26EnergyEfficiency
ResidentialProgramstobedevelopedin2007HomeEnergyMakeoverRefrigeratorRound-upInsulationBuy-downPublicHousingRetrofitsUpdatedLightingProgramIntegrateGreenBuildingPrograms–TrainingandEducationEnergyEfficiency
Residential27CommercialSector
CharacteristicsContext:1,600+CommercialBuildings30millionsqftofspace38%ofBoulder’semissionsGoalsthrough2012:20%reductioninelectricityuse5%reductioninnaturalgasconsumptionReach1/3ofcommercialbuildingstock
CommercialSector
Characterist28CommercialSector
2007WorkPlanEnergyEfficiencyBudget:$128,000Goal:500,000kWhreductionsimplementedStrategies:EstablishTradeAllynetworkFocusedandrobusttrainingforpropertyowners,managers,andcontractorsonbuildingenergyefficiencyandXcelEnergyrebatesCommercialSector
2007WorkPl29CommercialSector
XcelEnergyCommercialrebatesandotherprogramsCoolingefficiencyCompressedAirefficiencyCustomEfficiencyEnergyDesignAssistanceEnergyManagementSystemLightingEfficiencyMotorEfficiencyRecommissioningCommercialSector
XcelEnergyC30RenewableEnergy
ProgramsBoulderWindChallengeSolarpromotionIdeas:NeighborhoodrenewableenergycompetitionsBulkpurchasesofsolarequipmentCollaboratewithlocalREsuppliersandnonprofitstomaximizevisibilityandpromotionRenewableEnergy
ProgramsBould31IndustrialSectorJust13industrialcustomersinBoulder9%ofGHGemissionsFocuswillbeonleveragingXcelEnergyprogramsLookingintoindustrial“self-direct”approachIndustrialSectorJust13indus32Transportation27%oftotalGHGemissionsGoal:Reduceemissionsby40,000tonsby2012FocusofCAPwillbeonpromotingandincreasingaccesstorenewablefuelsandpromotinghighly-efficiencyandflex-fuelvehiclesTransportation27%oftotalGHG33GHGEmissionsReductions
persectorby2012(mtCO2e)SectorEnergyEfficiencyRenewableEnergyTotalResidential30,22816,91447,142Commercial30,85232,08862,940Industrial10,89621,00031,896CityOperations4,2484,0028,250GHGEmissionsReductions
pers34SummaryofResultsActionsGHGemissionsreductionby2012%oftargetLifetimeenergycostsavings(millions)Privatesectorinvestmentby2012(millions)Publicsectorcostby2012(millions)PublicsectorcostpertonEnergyEfficiency76,00022$64$35.6$3.3-$463RenewableEnergy204,00058-$0.90$1.4$11Transportation40,00011notestimatednotestimated$0.5$1EducationandOutreach30,0009notestimated-$1.2$20TOTAL350,000100$64$36.5$6.5-$89SummaryofResultsActionsGHGe35NextStepsClimateActionPlanefforts:ProgrambrandingAwardsprogramsCAPSymposiumOtherpolicyefforts:SolarrebatesandmunicipalsolarinstallationsBuildingenergycodesRenewableEnergyinvestmentsMunicipalizationNextStepsClimateActionPlan36Boulder’sCarbonTax:
Whatwe’velearnedCitycouncilandcitymanagementleadershipandcommitmentiscriticalInvolveyourresidentsindesigningyourplanandapproachEngageyourkeycommunitystakeholders–andlistentowhattheyhavetosayKeeptheissueinfrontofyourcommunityBoulder’sCarbonTax:
Whatwe’37ContactInformation:ContactInformation:38Boulder’sCarbonTax:
History&ImplementationJonathanKoehnEnvironmentalAffairsManager,CityofBoulder,ColoradoGRA2007ResearchConferenceAugust7,2007Boulder’sCarbonTax:
History39Cancitiesreallymakeadifference?ClimateChange?Cancitiesreallymakeadiffe40Whatwe’lltalkabout:OrientyoutoBoulderDevelopmentofBoulder’sClimateActionPlanTheCarbonTax2007ImplementationPlansWhatwillthefuturehold?Whatwe’lltalkabout:Orienty41CarbonTaxofBoulder__美国波尔多市碳税课件42CarbonTaxofBoulder__美国波尔多市碳税课件43CarbonTaxofBoulder__美国波尔多市碳税课件44CarbonTaxofBoulder__美国波尔多市碳税课件45Boulder’sPoliticalContextsmartpolicydecisionsoverthedecadeshavecreatedasolidfoundationfromwhichtobuildfinancialresources,communitysupport,andpoliticalwilltobeaninnovatorandleader“powerful”municipalimageinColoradoBoulder’sPoliticalContextsm46ClimateChangeintheNewsClimateChangeintheNews47thinkouthere
….SustainabilityisaboutproblemsolvingBoulder’sClimateActionPlan:
Howwegotherethink….Sustainabilityi48Boulder’sClimateActionPlan:
HowwegothereMay2002:BoulderCityCounciladoptsKyotoProtocolgoalsforthecity:
“Reducecommunity-widegreenhouse gasemissionsto7%below1990levels by2012.”2003:volunteergroupdevelopsframeworkforClimateActionPlan;cityspends$100,000developingadetailedGHGinventoryBoulder’sClimateActionPlan:49Boulder’sClimateActionPlan:
HowwegothereNovember2004:CityCouncilappropriates$258,000annuallyin2005and2006forGHGreductionprogramsanddevelopmentofaClimateActionPlan(CAP),includinglong-termfundingoptions2005:Council,staff,andkeystakeholdersdevelopoverarchingstrategiesfortheCAPandexplorefundingoptions;staffbeginsrampinguplimitedprogramsBoulder’sClimateActionPlan:50Boulder’sClimateActionPlan:
Howwegothere2006:ClimateActionPlanCommitteeshepherdsCAPtowardcompletion;adoptedbycitycouncilinJuneCouncildeterminescarbontaxisbestrevenuesourceforimplementation,placestaxonNovemberballotMeasurepasses,60.5%infavor,39.5%opposedBoulder’sClimateActionPlan:51Boulder’sCarbonTax:
SpecificsTaxonelectricityconsumption15%Boulder’sCarbonTax:
Specific52Boulder’sCarbonTax:
SpecificsMaximizevoluntaryemissionsreductionsthrough:Education,outreachandmarketingReducingbarrierstoenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyConnectingresidentsandbusinesseswithavailablerebatesandtaxcreditsBoulder’sCarbonTax:
Specific53Boulder’sCarbonTax:
SpecificsAppliestoallelectricitycustomersinthecityNotaxchargedforgreenpowercustomersRatessetindirectproportiontoexpectedprogramsectorexpendituresRatescanbere-setdependingonprogramneedsRatescanbeincreasedby20%Sunsetsin2012Willraiseapproximately$1millionperyearBoulder’sCarbonTax:
Specific54Boulder’sCarbonTax:
SpecificsSectorRates:centsperkillowatt-hourResidential0.22Commercial0.04Industrial0.02Boulder’sCarbonTax:
Specific55ClimateActionPlan
StrategiesIncreaseenergyefficiencySwitchtorenewableenergyandvehiclefuelsReducevehiclemilestraveledMaximizevoluntaryemissionsreductionsthrough:Education,outreachandmarketingConnectingresidentsandbusinesseswithavailablerebatesandtaxcreditsProvidingservicesnotofferedintheBouldermarketClimateActionPlan
Strategie562005EmissionsbySector2005EmissionsbySector57ResidentialSector
Characteristics17%oftotalGHGemissionsApproximately51,030residentialunits,45%single-familyand55%multi-familydwellingsRoughlyhalfofhousingunitsarerentalpropertiesResidentialSector
Characteris58EnergyEfficiency
CurrentProgramsIncome–QualifiedWeatherization2007Budget:$40,000,for20homesIncreasedincomeguidelinesto78.5%ofAMI(HUD+10%)andopenedtorentersMeasuresinclude:InsulationFurnacereplacementRefrigeratorreplacementProgrammablethermostatDuctsealingCFLsConsideringevaporativecoolingEnergyEfficiency
CurrentProg59EnergyEfficiency
CurrentProgramsResidentialEnergyAuditProgram2007Budget:$33,450218homesinthecityofBoulderHomeownerpays$100oftheauditcostEnergyEfficiency
CurrentProg60EnergyEfficiency
CurrentProgramsBoulderEnergyBrigade2007budget$30,0002006pilottargeted550homeswithkits,andconducted631-hourauditsProgramhighlights:Deliverkitswithlow-cost,no-costefficiencymeasuresandeducationalliteratureEnergyEfficiency
CurrentProg61CarbonTaxofBoulder__美国波尔多市碳税课件62EnergyEfficiency
CurrentProgramsMulti-FamilyUnitAudits4MFUsauditedin20062007budget-$25,000Waterconservationmatchingbudget2007Goal–15buildingsaswellasworkingwithpropertyownerstoimplementrecommendationsEnergyEfficiency
CurrentProg63EnergyEfficiency
CurrentProgramsHomePerformancew/ENERGYSTAR(HPwES)2007budget:$20,000IntensivecontractortrainingaimedtotransformmarketCFLgiveaway/buydown2007budget:$9,000focusonbuy-downandcouponprograminconjunctionwithXcel’sbuydownConservED:100thHumanInitiative2007pilotbudget:$3,000EnergyImpactAnalysesfor30homesEnergyEfficiency
CurrentProg64EnergyEfficiency
ResidentialProgramstobedevelopedin2007HomeEnergyMakeoverRefrigeratorRound-upInsulationBuy-downPublicHousingRetrofitsUpdatedLightingProgramIntegrateGreenBuildingPrograms–TrainingandEducationEnergyEfficiency
Residential65CommercialSector
CharacteristicsContext:1,600+CommercialBuildings30millionsqftofspace38%ofBoulder’semissionsGoalsthrough2012:20%reductioninelectricityuse5%reductioninnaturalgasconsumptionReach1/3ofcommercialbuildingstock
CommercialSector
Characterist66CommercialSector
2007WorkPlanEnergyEfficiencyBudget:$128,000Goal:500,000kWhreductionsimplementedStrategies:EstablishTradeAllynetworkFocusedandrobusttrainingforpropertyowners,managers,andcontractorsonbuildingenergyefficiencyandXcelEnergyrebatesCommercialSector
2007WorkPl67CommercialSector
XcelEnergyCommercialrebatesandotherprogramsCoolingefficiencyCompressedAirefficiencyCustomEfficiencyEnergyDesignAssistanceEnergyManagementSystemLightingEfficiencyMotorEfficiencyRecommissioningCommercialSector
XcelEnergyC68RenewableEnergy
ProgramsBoulderWindChallengeSolarpromotionIdeas:NeighborhoodrenewableenergycompetitionsBulkpurchasesofsolarequipmentCollaboratewithlocalREsuppliersandnonprofitstomaximizevisibilityandpromotionRenewableEnergy
ProgramsBould69IndustrialSectorJust13industrialcustomersinBoulder9%ofGHGemissionsFocuswillbeonleveragingXcelEnergyprogramsLookingintoindus
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