2022高考英语阅读之说明文基础训练二

PAGEPAGE92022高考英语阅读之说明文基础训练（二）(A)Thegrocerystoremightnotbeyourfavoriteplacetovisitwhenyou'reathome,butisiteverfunwhenyou'reinanothercountry?Honestlyspeaking,they'reoneofthosestrangelittledestinationsthatIliketosniffouteverywhereIgo,muchasothertravelersheadtowardclothingstores,libraries,coffeeshopsorgalleries.Thegreatestbeautyofthegrocerystore––whetherit'sasupermarketoratinyshop––isthatitgivesyouaglimpseintowhatlocalpeoplebuytocooktheirownmeals.Thisofferscluesintotheirlifestylesandpreferences,andintotheagriculturalandcookingpracticesofthecountry.Istareatthestrangefruitsandvegetables,theseafood,thecheese,thespices,thebread,andoh,thechocolate...alwaysthechocolate!Beingtheenvironmentalnerd（呆子）Iam,Ilikepayingattentiontopackaging,whichcanreflectpeople'sattitudestowardsenvironmentalprotection.Italy,forexample,hasahabitofrequiringcustomerstobagtheirfruitsandvegetablesinplasticforweighing,whileSriLankaleaveseverythinglooseinbins.InBrazil,everythingisprepackagedinalayerofplastic.Peopleingrocerystorestendtobefriendlier.Theysmile,sayhello,andsometimesaskquestions,whichcanleadtogreatconversations.IhadafurtherdiscussionwithateenagedcashierinSriLanka,overwhichbagofcrunchy（松脆的）mixtobuy.Heinsistedthattheonelabeled“spicy”wouldbetoohotforme,butItoldhimIwaswillingtoriskit.HelaughedandweendeduptalkingaboutmyfavoriteSriLankanfoodsfortenminutes.It'sinterestingthentocomehomeandlookatone'sownlocalgrocerystorethroughneweyes.Whatwouldavisitorthink?Whatstandsout,andwhatdothefooddisplayssayaboutusasaculture?Youmightbesurprisedbywhatyourealize.1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthekeybenefitofvisitingforeigngrocerystores?A.Learningtocookforeigndishes.B.Makingfriendswithlocalpeople.C.Buyingcheaperfoodandsouvenirs.D.Knowinglocalpeopleandthecountry.2.Whatdoestheauthorshowbymentioningsomecountriesinparagraph3?A.People'sspeciallifestyles. B.People'sshoppinghabits.C.People'senvironmentalawareness. D.People'spackagingmethods.3.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?A.SriLankansknowalotaboutfood.B.Grocerystoresaregoodsocialplaces.C.Grocerystoresvaryindifferentcountries.D.SriLankansliketogivestrangerssuggestions.P1P1P14.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureoftext?(P:paragraph)P1P1P1P1A. B. C. D.P1P2P2P2P2P3P5P2P2P3P5P2P2P5P3P4P3P3P5P3P4P3P3P4P5P4P5P4P4P5P4P5P4(B)Lifewillprobablybeverydifferentin2050.Firstofall，itseemsthatTVchannelswillhavevanishedby2050.Instead,peoplewillchooseaprogrammefroma“menu”andacomputerwillsendtheprogrammedirectlytothetelevision.By2050,music,films，programmes，newspapersandbookswillcometousinthesimilarway.quicklyandpeoplearegrowingfruitandvegetablesforexport.Thisusesalotofwater.Therefore，therecouldbeseriousshortagesofwater.Somescientistspredictthatwatercouldbethecauseofwarsifwedon'tactnow.Inthefuture，carswillrunonnew，cleanfuelsandtheywillgoveryfast.Carswillhavebeanyaccidents.Today，manycarshavecomputersthattelldriversexactlywheretheyare.By2050，thecomputerwillcontrolthecartoTokyoinjusttwohours.Somebigcompaniesnowprefertouserobotsthatdonotaskforpayrisesorgooncontrol.Andtheyneverarguewithpeople.Theycanbeeasilyusedinavarietyofplaces—factories，schools，offices，hospitals，shopsandhomes.Scientistswillhavediscoveredhowtocontrolgenes.Scientistshavealreadyproducedlonsofnimls.y2050sintistsillbebletopoduelonsofpoplenddidehowtheylookandhowtheybehave.Scientistswillbeabletodothesethings，butshouldthey?1.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“vanished”underlinedinParagraph1?ASettled. B．Disappeared. Decreased. D．Spread.2.WhatdoesParagraph4intendtoshow?Robotshavemanyadvantages.Robotshavemuchtobeimproved.Robotsworkforhumansforfree.Robotscanworkindifferentplaces.3.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexpressinthelastparagraph?AHeislookingforwardtousingcloningtechnology.BHeprobablydisagreeswiththeideaofhumancloning.CThescientistshavealreadydiscoveredhowtocontrolgenes.DThescientistswillfacemanydifficultiesofcontrollinggenes.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．High-techCarsB．IsCloningReallyGood?C．LifeintheFutureD．AreYouReadyfortheFuture?(C)ThescientistsplacedunderwaterspeakersinareaswherecoralhadbeendyinginAustralia’snorthernGreatBarrierReef.Theyplayedcertainsoundsoveraperiodofabout6weeksandstudiedtheresults.Theteamreportedthattwiceasmanyfisharrivedinareaswherethesoundsofhealthycoralwereplayed.Amongthearrivingfishwerespeciesthatfeedonallmajorfoodsources.Theresearchersnotedtheimportanceofhavingmanydifferentkindsoffishreturntothearea.Differentspeciesoffishperformmanyactivitiesthatsupporttheoceanenvironmentandsealife.“Damagedreefshaveahigherchanceofrecoveryiftheyhavehealthyfishpopulation,”thescientistswroteinthereport.SteveSimpsonsaidthat“healthycoralreefsareremarkablynoisyplaces.”Theycontainthesoundsofmanykindsofshrimp,fishandotherseacreatures.Youngfishlistenforthesesoundswhentheyarelookingforaplacetosettle.Headdedthatreefs“becomeghostlyquiet”whentheysufferdestructionthatisusuallyrelatedtohuman-causedpollution.Coraldamagecancauseunappealingsmellsandsoundsthatdriveshrimpandfishaway.MarkMeekanisafishbiologist.Hesaidthatthereturnofthesefishisthefirststeptoseeingmajorimprovementsinreefhealth.”Recoveryisunderpinnedbyfishthatcleanthereefandcreatespaceforcoralstoregrow,”hesaid.TimGordonsayshebelievessoundcanbeusedtobringbackdeadcoralinareassufferingmajordestructioninoceansacrosstheworld.UniversityofBristolprofessorAndyRadfordsaidtheunderwatersoundsareapromisingwaytofightcoralreefdamageatthelocalcommunitylevel.Buthenotedthatotherthreatsneedtobereducedaswell.Theseincludeclimatechange,pollutionandoverfishing.Fromlocalmanagementinnovationstointernationalpoliticalaction,weneedmeaningfulprogressatalllevelstopaintabetterfutureforreefsworldwide.1.Whydidresearchersattractfishbyplayingsoundsunderwater?A.Tostudythepopulationoffish.B.Tocatchfishasmajorfoodsources.C.Torecoverdamagedreefsnaturally.D.Torecordthesoundsofhealthycorals.2.HowdidSteveexplainthecoralreefs?A.Bypresentingtheresearchresults.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Bylistingsomespecificdata. D.Bygivingsomeexamples.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“underpinned”inPara.4mean?A.DestroyedB.Affected C.SupportedD.Attacked.4.WhatdoesProfessorAndystress?A.Reefneedsprotectionatalllevels.B.Climatechangeismoreseriousthanreefdamage.C.Overfishingthreatensworldcoralreef.D.Pollutionneedsinternationalpoliticalaction.(D)Whenhewastwoyearsold,Benstoppedseeingoutofhislefteye.Hismothertookhimtothedoctorandsoondiscoveredhehadcancerinbotheyes.Afterpossibletreatmentsfailed,doctorsremovedbothhiseyes.ForBen,visionwasgoneforever.Butbythetimehewassevenyearsold,hehaddevelopedatechniqueforfeelingtheworldaroundhim:heclickedwithhismouthandlistenedforthereturningechoes.ThismethodenabledBentodeterminethelocationsofopendoorways,people,parkedcars,garbagecans,andsoon.Hewasecholocating:bouncinghissoundwavesoffobjectsintheenvironmentandcatchingthereflectionstobuildamentalmodelofhissurroundings.Echolocationmaysoundlikeanimprobablefeatforahuman,butthousandsofblindpeoplehaveperfectedthisskill,justlikeBendid.Theeventhasbeenwrittenaboutsinceatleastthe1940s,whentheword''echolocation"wasfirstinventedinasciencearticletitled“EcholocationbyBlindMen,Bats,andRadar.”Howcouldblindnessgiverisetotheamazingabilitytounderstandthesurroundingswithone'sears?Theanswerliesinagiftonthebrain;hugeadaptability.MotherNaturefilledourbrainswithflexibilitytoadapttocircumstances.Justassharpteethandfastlegsareusefulforsurvival,soisthebrain'sabilitytoreset,whichallowsforlearning,memory,anddieabilitytodevelopnewskills.InBen'scase,hisbrain'sflexiblewiringrepurposedhisvisualcortexforprocessingsound.Asaresult,Benhadmoreneuronsavailabletodealwithlisteninginformation,andthisincreasedprocessingpowerallowedBentointerpretsoundwavesinshockingdetail.Ben'ssuper-hearingprovesamoregeneralrule:themorebrainareaaparticularsensehas,thebetteritperforms.1.HowdidBen“see”afterhehadhiseyesremoved?A.Byusingawalkingstick. B.Byaskingothersforhelp.C.Byinventinganewsystem. D.Byecholocatingsurroundings.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“feat”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Skill. B.Task. C.Sense.D.Invention.3.WhatcanwelearnfromBen'scase?A.Helaughsbestwholaughslast. B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C.Godshutsonedoorbutheopensanother. D.Manbecomeslearnedbyaskingquestions.4.Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanwereadthispassage?A.CultureShock. B.HumanBiology.C.ScientificTechnology. D.EnvironmentalProtection.(E)Remotetechnologieswillplayanincreasingly-vitalroleindrivingtheeducationindustry,astheCOVID-19pandemic(流行病)forcedtheworldtogoremote,accordingtoanindustryinsider.“Remotetechnologyiscontinuingtoempower(授权)onlineeducation,withlargemigrationsonline.Withthecontinuousapplicationofnewtechnologymethodssuchasbigdataandartificialintelligence,students’learningoutcomeshavebeensignificantlyimproved,”saidWangYan,chiefarchitectureofficeratZuoyebang(作业帮).“Technologyandoutcomesaretwomajorchallengesthatcompaniesfacewhentheytransformfromofflinetoonline.Theeducationindustryisfacingthelargesttrafficchallengeever,”Wangsaid.Toupgradetheinfrastructure(基础设施),Zuoyebanghascontinuedtoupgradeitstechnology,changingfromitsoriginalsinglecloudservicetomultiplecloudservicesandfrommostlyusingthird-partylivebroadcastsystemstonowrelyingonanindependentsystem.“Foronlineclasses,onlylive-streamingcanachievearealinteracting(交互式的)effect,whichcangetbothstudentsandteachersmoreinvolved.Itisimpossibletoachievesuchoutcomesthroughrecordedandbroadcastlessons,”headded.TheBeijing-basedcompanydevelopedacompletesetoflive-streamingarchitecturebasedontheZRTCagreement.Itcanfullysupportclasses,includingone-on-onetutoringandsix-to-sixsmallinteractiveclasses.InthefiveweeksfromFebruary3toMarch9lastyear,Zuoyebanghashelped275teachersbring1,832classestomorethan33millionprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsacrossthecountry.1.Whichtechniqueismostbeneficialtostudentswhohaveonlineclasses?A.broadcastlessons B.live-streamingC.face-to-facelessons D.recordedlessons2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.Remotetechnologyisakeydriverforeducation.B.Thecompanyhasupgradeditstechnologytoovercomeitschallenge.C.Thecompanythathaslivestreamingarchitecturecanonlysupportclassicalbigclassesteaching.D.Zuoyebanghashelpedthousandsofprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentstohaveonlineclasses.3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsRemotetechnologies?A.WorriedB.Negative C.Opposed D.Confident参考答案：(A)：DCBC(B)：BABC(C)：CBCA(D)1。根据第二段中“Butbythetimehewassevenyearsold,hehaddevelopedatechniqueforfeelingtheworldaroundhim:heclickedwithhismouthandlistenedforthereturningechoes.(但在他七岁的时候，他已经发展出了一种感受周围世界的技术：他用嘴发出咔哒咔哒的声音，听着声音的回音)”可知，Ben的眼睛被摘除后，他通过回声定位周围环境。故选D。2。根据画线词后文“butthousandsofblindpeoplehaveperfectedthisskill,justlikeBendid”可知，回声定位对人类来说可能听起来是一项不太可能的技能，但成千上万的盲人已经完善了这项技能，就像Ben一样。由此推知，画线词意思是“技能”。A.Skill.技能；B.Task.任务；C.Sense.感觉；D.Invention.发明。故选A。3。根据第一段的“ForBen,visionwasgoneforever”（对于Ben来说视觉永远失去了）和最后一段中“InBen'scase,hisbrain'sflexiblewiringrepurposedhisvisualcortexforprocessingsound.Asaresult,Benhadmoreneuronsavailabletodealwithlisteninginformation,andthisincreasedprocessingpowerallowedBentointerpretsoundwavesinshockingdetail.(在Ben的例子中，他大脑的灵活线路改变了他的视觉皮层处理声音的功能。结果，Ben有了更多的神经元可用来处理听到的信息，这种增强的处理能力使Ben能够以惊人的细节解释声波)”可知，Ben虽然失去了视力，但发展出了回声定位的技能，所以他的故事告诉我们“天无绝人之路”的道理。故选C。4。根据倒数第二段“MotherNaturefilledourbrainswithflexibilitytoadapttocircumstances.Justassharpteethandfastlegsareusefulforsurvival,soisthebrain'sabilitytoreset,whichallowsforlearning,