词汇学与记忆法课件

Lexicology&Mastery——LynnLeeWarm-up:BINGO!fillinyourformwith25givenwordsasyoulike○marksonthewordsyouhearfromtheteachergetfive○inaline,win!predictlimitmemoryconcludereadignoreavoidworkacceptdisturbvarywindowluckydenypersonaldifficultwonderfulpromoterepeathumorouseasyuglydefendwritecreativeAwordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntactic(ofsentencestructure)function.WordRootArootisthebasicformofawordwhichcannotbefurtheranalyzedwithouttotallossofidentity.AffixesAffixesareformsthatareattachedtowordsorwordelementstomodifymeaningorfunction.Prefixesareaffixesthatcomebeforetheword.Suffixesareaffixesthatcomeaftertheword.AffixationAffixationistheformationofnewwordsbyaddingaffixestostems.(careful/careless)Prefixation

Suffixation

CompoundingCompoundingisaprocessofwordformationbywhichtwoindependentwordsareputtogethertomakeoneword.analogy(类比，相似)speech,studyoflogydialogspeech,studyofloghomosexualsamehomoautographwritegraphtelegramwritegramgeographyearthgeofortifystrongfortuniformshapeformperfectdo,makefectmanufacturedo,makefactfacsimile(仿真，影印，传真)do,makefacsubsequentlyfollowsequconsentfeelsentconsecutive(连贯的)followsecutscribble/postscript(附言)write/writtenlanguageScrib(script)ascendclimbscendtransportcarryportpedalfootpedpatriarchfatherpatrisympathyfeeling,sufferingpathypaternalfatherpaterinvolveturn,rollvolveconvoluted(回旋的，费解的)turn,rollvolurevokevoice,callvokvocalvoice,callvocconvertturnvertreverseturnversadvent(出现，降临)come,goventconvene(聚集)assemble,meetveneattractivepull,drawouttractcontemporary(当代的，同时代的)timetemporcontacttouchtactconcord(绳子)with,togetherconcomplexwith,togethercomcollectwith,togethercolcoherentwith,togethercocircumventcircle,aroundcircumbiannual(每年两次的)twobiautoalarmselfautoantiwaragainst,notinfavorantiantecessor/antedatebeforeanteExampleMeaningPrefixesmonologueonemonomistakewrong,bad,notmismicrowavesmall,tinymicroirrelevantno,notirinteractbetween,amonginterinactivenotinimproperno,notimexportout,fromexelaborateout,fromedisableno,notdisdecline(生态群)down,reversedeuniqueoneuniundeniableno,notunultrashortexcessiveultratriplethreetritransmitacross,overtranssuppositionundersupsubmitundersubrecoveragainrepromotionfor,infavorofproprimaryfirstprimpreviewbeforeprepostponeafterpostnonsensenotnoncitizenshipstateofbeingshipdentistryoccupationryhappinessstateofbeingnessadvertisementstateofbeingmentgeologistonewhodoesistchildhoodstateofbeinghoodteacheronewhodoeserwisdom/kingdomstateofbeing,rankdomminuscule(微小的)smallculepopulationprocessationlibraryplacearyNOUNSUFFIXESemphasizetomakeizeflourishactionorprocessishmodifytomakeifyempowertomakeembroadentomakeenAllev(轻)iate(减轻，缓解)tomakeatepersuadeactionorprocessadeVERBSUFFIXESotherwisethewaywisesidewaysthewaywayspredictablythewaylyADVERBSUFFIXESDiscriminationofSynonyms★DifferenceinDenotation(外延):differintherangeandintensityofmeaningextend—increase—expand(range)wantwishdesire(intensity)★DifferenceinConnotation（内涵）:differinthestylisticandemotivecoloringask(neutral)beg(colloquial)request(formal)★DifferenceinApplication（应用）:differinusageemptybox–vacantseat减轻、缓和、调和pacify:makecalm镇静Motherpacifiedhercryingbabybyrubbinghistummy.conciliate:reconcile;winsomeoneover博取；缓和Hetoneddowntheharshlanguagewithsomeconciliatorywordssuchas“sorry”and“please”.mitigate:lessenfear,painandanxiety缓解Tomitigatethepaininhersorethroat,Elliedrankacupofmintteawithhoney.quell:makequiet;settledown平息Shouting“Quiet!”failedtoquellthenoiseintheauditorium.WordsReport1st:memorizewhatyoureadonthepaperinlimitedtimeandwhisperittothenext.Next:whisperwhatyouheardtothenextLast:writedownwhatyouheardonthe