高考英语二轮复习：完成时态讲义（素材）

完成时态(一）现在完成时延续事件延续事件：一个开始于过去的动作或状态一直延续到现在谓语要延续与延续性时间状语连用重复事件重复事件：站在现在角度的回顾到目前为止的一个时间段内，某一活动或时间重复发生了多次。例句1：TheteachersthatIhavevaluedandenjoyedmostofall,though,havebeentheteacherswhotaughtmeaboutlove.例句2：InalltheworkIhavedoneaspresident,everydecisionIhavemade,everyexecutiveactionIhavetaken,every:billIhaveproposedandsigned,I'vetriedtogiveallAmericansthetoolsandconditionstobuildthefutureofourdreams,inagoodsociety,withastrongeconomy,acleanerenvironment,andafreer,safer,moreprosperousworld.例句3：I’vebeeninCanadaforsixmonths.I’vemetmanynewfriends.重复事件与时间状语的关系1.可重复性是现在完成时的一条根本原则Hisfatherhasbeendeadforthreeyears.Hisfatherhasbeendead.Hisfatherisdead.Hisfatherhasdied.2.可重复性原则与将来时间有关现在完成时可以说是以现在的时间为参照来谈一个可以持续或重复到将来的事件。Howmanypeoplehaveenteredfortherace?Howmanypeopleenteredfortherace?、3.可重复性原则与过去时间Iwasabsentfourtimeslastsemester.Ihavebeenabsenttwicethissemester.4.可重复性原则与现在时间Ihaven’tseenhimthismorning.Ididn’tseehimthismorning.5.可重复性原则与一般时间Ihavegottenupatfiveo’clockthismorning.(错误）Ihavegottenupatfiveo’clockinthemorning.（正确）6.可重复性原则与去世的人的情况MarilynMonroestarredinmanymovies.Shediedin1962.JuliaRobertshavestarredinmanyAmericanmovies.JuliaRobertsstarredinmanyAmericanmovies.三、单一事件现在完成时可以表示影响现在的单一事件ASurpriseMr.Oddsworksinabank,andlivesonhisown.Theonlyfamilyhehasisinthenexttown:hissisterlivestherewithherhusband,andherson,Mark.Mr.Oddsdoesnotseehissister,orherfamily,fromoneyeartothenext,buthesendstheChristmascards,andhehasnotforgottenoneofMark’sseventeenbirthdays.LastweekMr.Oddshadquiteasurprise.Hedrovehomefromthebankattheusualtime,drivingneithertooslowlynortoofast;heparkedhiscarwherehealwaysparkedit,outofthewayofothercars,andhewentinsidetomakehiseveningmeal.Straightaway,therewasaknockatthedoor.Mr.Oddsopenedthedoor,tofindapolicemanstandingonthedoor-step.“WhathaveIdonewrong?”Mr.Oddsaskedhimself.“HaveIdrivenonthewrongsideoftheroad?Hastherebeensometroubleatthebank?HaveIforgottentopayanimportantbill?”“Hello,Uncle,”saidthepoliceman.“MynameisMark.”对现在的影响，很多时候不是从句子本身可以得到的，而是很大程度上依赖于语境过去事件过去事件表示到目前为止的过去任何某一时间点发生的事件，有较近和较远之分。单一事件的过去可以表示最近发生的动作，也能表示在较远的过去的动作，具体要看上下文语境。A:Hasthepostmanleftanynewspapers?B:Yes,hedidsixmonthsago.B:Yes,hedidthismorning.Hehasfalleninlove,andthat’swhyhe’sbecomingexcited.Haveyouaskedyourlittlebrothertodothedishes?你让你弟弟刷碗了吗？你有没有让你弟弟刷过碗？新闻热点时态搭配：现在完成时+一般过去时用现在完成时提起一个新闻话题，用一般过去时继续详谈内容。SaddamHusseinhasbeencapturedaliveinhishometownofTikrit,TheU.S.militarysaidSundayDec.14,2003.Aforceof600AmericansoldierscapturedSaddamHusseininaraidonSaturdaynightonanisolatedfarm....“Superman”actorChristopherReeve,paralyzedwhenhefellfromahorsenineyearsago,hasdiedinaNewYorkhospitalofheartfailure,hispublicistsaidonOctober11,2004.Reeve,52wentintoacomaonSaturdaywhenhesufferedaheartattackduringtreatmentforaninfectedpressurewoundanddiedonSundayafternoonwithoutregainingconsciousness.单一事件与时间状语的关系1.单一事件完成时的肯定句不与持续的时间状语连用Ihavehadthispairofshoesforayear.-----Ihavebought.....(错)2.单一事件完成时的否定句表示状态意义，可以和持续的时间状语连用Abeggarwalkeduptoawell-dressedwomanandsaid,“Ihaven’teatenanythinginfourdays.”Shelookedathimandsaid,“IwishIhadyourwillpower.”3.单一事件完成时常与不确定的时间状语连用A:Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?B:No,thanks.I’vejusthaddinner.四、时间连词since的特殊用法1.since+短暂动词IhaveworkedinthiscompanysinceIleftschool.IhaveworkedinthiscompanysinceIhaveleftschool.Since后接短暂动词，用一般过去式或现在完成时均可，意思相同，都表示从句动作“结束”以来，主句活动在持续。2.since+延续动词It’sbeenthreeyearssinceIworkedinthiscompany.It’sbeenthreeyearssinceIhaveworkedinthiscompany.Since后接短暂动词，用一般过去式或现在完成时均可，意思不同，若用一般过去时，表示从句动作“结束”以来，主句活动在继续；若用现在完成时，表示从句动作“开始”以来，主句活动在持续。过去完成时1.在“过去”回顾“更远的过去”过去完成时是一个不能独立使用的时态，必须依附于一个在上下文中出现的一般过去时。ThisWasMyMotherShewas82andlivinginKeolukwhen,unaccountably,sheinsisteduponattendingaconventionofoldsettlersoftheMississippiValley.Allthewaythere,anditwassomedistance,shewasyoungagainwithexcitementandeagerness.AtthehotelsheaskedimmediatelyforDr.Barrett,ofSt.Louis.Hehadleftforhomethatmorningandwouldnotbeback,shewastold.Sheturnedaway,thefireallgonefromher,andaskedtogohome.Oncethereshesatsilentandthinkingformanydays,thentoldusthatwhenshewas18shehadlovedayoungmedicalstudentwithallherheart.Therewasamisunderstandingandheleftthecountry;shehadimmediatelymarried,toshowhimthatshedidmotcare.Shehadneverseenhimsinceandthenshehadreadinanewspaperthathewasgoingtoattendtheoldsettlers’convention.“Onlythreehoursbeforewereachedthathotelhehadbeenthere,”shemourned.Shehadkeptthatpatheticburdeninherheart64yearswithoutanyofussuspectingit.Beforetheyearwasout,hermemorybegantofail.Shewouldwriteletterstoschool-mateswhohadbeendead40yearsandwonderwhytheyneveranswered.Fouryearslatershedied.2.过去完成时表示延续、重复和单一事件表示在过去之前的动作或状态在过去这一时刻仍在继续。IhadstayedinAmericafortwoyearswhenhemovedhere.WehadstudiedEnglishforsixyearswhenweent