00830现代语言学200801历年真题及答案

20081月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试现代语言学试课程代码 08301.Thephoneticformoftheprefixmeaning“not”isphoneticallyvariant;itisbeforeavoweloranalveolarconsonant,beforealabialconsonant,andbeforea ,forI.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.1.Thephoneticformoftheprefixmeaning“not”isphoneticallyvariant;itisbeforeavoweloranalveolarconsonant,beforealabialconsonant,andbeforea ,forexample, inoperable, indiscrete, impossibleexample, inoperable, indiscrete, impossible, andinconceivable.()C.fricative

B.palatalD.stop Tonesarepitchvariationsthatrefertomorphologicallydefinedsegmentstotheextentthatdifferent inalanguagearedistinctive.Pitchvariationscandistinguishmeaninglikephonemes.( )soundsC.pitches

B.patternsD.featuresSomeofthe rulesareproductive;theycanbeusedfreelytoformnewwords.( )syntacticC.semantic

B.morphologicalD.phonologicalVP,APandPPsharesimilarsyntacticpropertieswithNPinthattheyallowfor complementsinphrases.( )headsC.lexicalitems

B.specifiersD.obligatorywordsBloomfielddrewon psychologywhentryingtodefinethemeaningoflinguisticforms.( )contextualC.behaviorist

B.conceptualistD.mentalistPragmaticsdiffersfromtraditionalsemanticsinthatitstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butin .( )senseC.sentence

B.conceptD.contextThelanguagesoftheworldbelongtofamiliesandbearoffspring.Whenweexaminethelanguagesoftheworld,weperceivesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongthemthatprovidefurtherevidenceforthe“ ”relatednessweknowexists.( )geographicalC.typological

B.geneticD.functionalInEnglish,powderroomisaeuphemismfortoilet,whichitselfstartedasa forlavatory,whichisnowmoreacceptablethanitsreplacement.( )variantC.variable

B.variationD.euphemismWhatcanbedrawnsafelyfromthecaseofGenieisthat .( )itconfirmsthecriticalperiodhypothesishuman’slanguageacquisitiondeviceisindependentofotherintellectualabilitieslanguagecannotbeacquiredatallafterthecriticalperiodthelanguagefacultyofanaveragehumandegeneratesafterthecriticalperiodand,asaresult,mostlinguisticskillscannotdevelopAlthoughchildrenarestillacquiringaspectsoftheirnativelanguagethroughthelateryearsofchildhood,itisnormallyassumedthattheyhavecompletedthegreaterpartofthelanguageacquisitionprocessbytheageof .( )A.threeandhalfC.five

B.fourD.sixⅡ.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.Thecoreareaoflinguisticsincludesphonetics,phonology,morphology,syntaxs .Phoneticsprovidesthemeanstodescribethesounds,showinghowtheydiffer;phonologytellsusthattheyfunctionasp ,actingtocontrastwords.Bothi morphologyandderivationalmorphologyarethetwosub-branchesofmorphology.Whenasentenceisutteredorwrittendown,thewordsofthesentenceareproducedoneafteranotherinasequence.Thissequentialorderofwordsinasentenceshowsthatthestructureofasentenceisl .C synonymsaresynonymsthatdifferinthewordstheygotogetherwith.Itisamatterofusage.AccordingtoSearle’sclassificationofillocutionaryacts,“IswearIhaveneverseenthemanbefore”isamongthemosttypicalexampesof.heSounda referstosoundchangeorprocessbywhichfeaturesofoneelementchangetomatchthoseofanotherthatprecedesorfollows.German-speakingSwitzerlandisdescribedasad community,wherethedistinctvarietiesareStandardGermanandSwissGerman.Thelefthemispherecontrolsvoluntarymovementsof,andrespondstosignalsfrom,ther sideofthebody.Learningisdefinedasaconsciousprocessofaccumulatingknowledgeofasecondlanguageusuallyobtainedinschoolsettingswhilea referstothegradualandsubconsciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.（2%×10=20%）21.( )Peoplecanutterasentencehehasneverheardorusedbefore.Inthissense,humanlanguageiscreative.aspiratedstopsandthevoicelessunaspiratedstopsoccurinthesame22.( )InEnglishbothaspiratedandunaspiratedvoicelessstopsoccur.aspiratedstopsandthevoicelessunaspiratedstopsoccurinthesamephonemiccontextorenvironment.23.( )ParametersaresyntacticoptionsofUGthatallowgeneralprinciplestooperateinonewayoranotherandcontributetosignificantlinguisticvariationsbetweenandamonglanguages.24.( )Syntacticmovementoccurstoallsentences,therefore,thedeepstructureandsurfacestructureofeverysentencelookdifferentatitstwolevelsofrepresentation.25.( )TheAnglo-SaxonsweremigrantsfromthenorthernpartsofEurope,sothewordsthattheyoriginallyusedandthewordsthattheEnglishvocabularyhaslatertakeninfromotherlanguagesareregardedasloanwords.26.( )PaulGricemadeadistinctionbetweenwhathecalled“constatives”and“performatives”.27.( )MostofthelanguagesofEurope,Persia(Iran),andthenorthernpartofIndiabelongtothesameIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily.Thelanguage,whichnolongerexists,iscalledProto-Indo-European,atermreflectingtheearlierlinguisticdistributionofthespeakersofthislanguagefamilyfromIndiatoEurope.28.( )InBlackEnglish,whentheverbisnegated,theindefinitepronounssomebody,andsomebecomethenegativeindefinitesnothing,nobody,andnone,asin:Hedon’tknownothing.Hedon’tlikenobody.Heain’tgotnone.29.( )Thecerebralcortexisthedecision-makingorganofthebody,receivingmessagesfromallthesensoryorgansandinitiatingallvoluntaryactions.30.( )During