《商务英语阅读（第3册）》课件Unit 9 Business Competiton

Unit9BusinessCompetitionWords&ExpressionsWarmingupTextATextBExerciseCultureTourWords&Expressions1.merger(CET6)n.thejoiningtogetheroftwoseparatecompaniesororganizationssothattheybecomeone.合并Therehasbeenalotoftalkaboutamergerwithanotherleadingbank.人们纷纷传言要和另一家大银行合并。2.price-fixingn.thesettingofpricesbyagreementamongproducersanddistributors协定物价Withovertprice-fixingcartelsclearlyillegal,therailroadsturnedtomergersasthewaytoeliminatecompetitionbetweenthem.由于公开联合固定价格的卡特尔明确属于非法，铁路业者转而以合并作为避免相互间竞争的手段。3.airfaren.Theairfaretoaplaceistheamountitcoststoflythere.飞机票价Mostairfarepricedropslastlessthan48hours,sopeopleneedtobereadytojumpwhenafarefalls.多数的机票降价持续时间不超过48小时，因此人们必须准备在票价一下跌时立即行动。4.inflation-adjusted扣除物价上涨因素Ininflation-adjustedtermsthisisfarlowerthanratesofthecountry'skeytradingpartners.在通货膨胀调整条款里，这利率还远低于国家主要的贸易伙伴。5.collude(TEM8)v.Ifonepersoncolludeswithanother,theycooperatewiththemsecretlyorillegally.(秘密或非法地)串通(collusionn.)SeverallocalofficialsareinjailonchargesofcolludingwiththeMafia.几位地方官员因涉嫌串通黑手党而锒铛入狱。6.consolidate(CET6TEM4)v.Toconsolidateanumberofsmallgroupsorcompaniesmeanstomakethemintoonelargeorganization.合并Scientistshavefoundthatsleephelpsconsolidatememories,fixingtheminthebrainsowecanretrievethemlater.科学家已经发现，睡眠可以帮助巩固记忆，将记忆存进大脑以便我们日后取回。7.hub-and-spokedenotingamethodoforganizingintercontinentalairtrafficinwhichonemajorairportisusedasafeederforlocalairports(Sometimesshortenedtohub).轴辐路网空中交通组织法Inordertooptimizeextendedhub-and-spokeregionaltransportationnetwork,interactivefuzzyprogrammingmodelwasintroduced.为了对基于轴-辐结构的区域运输网络实行优化，建立了模糊交互规划模型。8.transatlanticadj.TransatlanticflightsorsignalsgoacrosstheAtlanticOcean,usuallybetweentheUnitedStatesandBritain.横跨大西洋的Manytransatlanticflightslandthere.很多飞越大西洋的航班都在那里着陆。9.concentration(CET4TEM4)n.theamountofasubstancecontainedinaliquid〔液体中某物质的〕浓度pHisameasureoftheconcentrationoffreehydrogenatomsinasolution.pH值是溶液中游离氢原子浓度的计量单位。Agasinsolutiondiffusesfromaregionofgreatertooneoflessconcentration.溶液中的气体会由浓度高的部分扩散到浓度低的部分。10.monopoly(CET6TEM4)n.Ifacompany,person,orstatehasamonopolyonsomethingsuchasanindustry,theyhavecompletecontroloverit,sothatitisimpossibleforotherstobecomeinvolvedinit.垄断Russianmovestoendastatemonopolyonlandownership.俄罗斯人提议结束国家对土地所有权的垄断。11.switch(CET6TEM4)v.tochangefromdoingorusingonethingtodoingorusinganother转换，转变，改变Youhavetoswitchyourmindset.你必须要转换思维。12.premium（CET6TEM8）n.anadditionalamountofmoney,aboveastandardrateoramount附加付款；额外费用Consumersarepreparedtopayapremiumfororganicallygrownvegetables.消费者愿意多花钱购买有机蔬菜。13.tacit（CET6TEM8）adj.Ifyourefertosomeone'stacitagreementorapproval,youmeantheyareagreeingtosomethingorapprovingitwithoutactuallysayingso,oftenbecausetheyareunwillingtoadmittodoingso.默许的Thequestionwasatacitadmissionthatamistakehadindeedbeenmade.这个问题等于默认确实已犯了错误。14.ontheflipside反过来说；另一方面Ontheflipside,CEOsoftenfindthattheirsuggestionstakeonafargreatermagnitudethanwhattheyintended.另一方面，首席执行官们常常发现，他们的建议对下属所造成的影响，往往超出了他们的本意。15.incentive(CET6TEM4)n.Ifsomethingisan

incentive

to

dosomething,itencouragesyoutodoit.鼓励Thereislittleornoincentivetoadoptsuchmeasures.几乎或根本没有鼓励来采取这样的措施。16.retaliationn.actionagainstsomeonewhohasdonesomethingbadtoyou报复，反击Thisactionwasundoubtedlyinretaliationforlastweek'sbombattack.这个行动无疑是对上周炸弹袭击事件的报复。17.substantiallyadv.Ifsomethingchangessubstantiallyorissubstantiallydifferent,itchangesalotorisverydifferent.很大程度地Thepercentageofgirlsinengineeringhasincreasedsubstantially.工科女生的比例已经大大增长了。18.lure(CET6TEM8)v.Toluresomeonemeanstotrickthemintoaparticularplaceortotrickthemintodoingsomethingthattheyshouldnotdo.引诱Theydidnotrealizethattheywerebeingluredintoatrap.他们没有意识到正被人骗入圈套。19.entrant(TEM4)n.Anentrantisapersonorcompanywhohasrecentlybecomeamemberofaninstitutionormarket.新成员thecompanythatmadeanameforitselfasanearlyentrantinthedigitalvideo-recordermarket.这个以数码录像机市场的早期进入者而享有名气的公司。20.render(CET4TEM4)v.Youcanuserenderwithanadjectivethatdescribesaparticularstatetosaythatsomeoneorsomethingischangedintothatstate.Forexample,ifsomeoneorsomethingmakesathingharmless,youcansaythattheyrenderitharmless.使成为;使变得Itcontainedsomanyerrorsastorenderitworthless.太多的错误使之变得毫无价值。21.vulnerable(CET6TEM4)adj.Someonewhoisvulnerableisweakandwithoutprotection,withtheresultthattheyareeasilyhurtphysicallyoremotionally.易受伤害的Oldpeopleareparticularlyvulnerablemembersofoursociety.老人是我们社会中特别容易受到伤害的成员。22.barrier(CET4TEM4)n.Abarrierissomethingsuchasarule,law,orpolicythatmakesitdifficultorimpossibleforsomethingtohappenorbeachieved.障碍Dutiesandtaxesarethemostobviousbarriertofreetrade.关税及其他各种税是自由贸易最明显的障碍。23.wither(CET6TEM4)v.Ifsomeoneorsomethingwithers,theybecomeveryweak.变虚弱Whenhewentintoretirement,hevisiblywithered.到了退休年龄时，他明显变得虚弱了。24.innovation(CET6TEM4)n.Innovationistheintroductionofnewideas,methods,orthings.创新;革新Wemustpromoteoriginality,inspirecreativityandencourageinnovation.我们必须提倡独创性，激发创造力，鼓励创新。25.sustainable(CET4)adj.Asustainableplan,method,orsystemisdesignedtocontinueatthesamerateorlevelofactivitywithoutanyproblems.可持续的Thecreationofanefficientandsustainabletransportsystemiscritical.一个高效而可持续发展的交通系统的创建是非常重要的。26.stagnate(CET6+)v.Ifsomethingsuchasabusinessorsociety

stagnates,itstopschangingorprogressing.(商业、社会等)停滞不前Industrialproductionisstagnating.工业生产停滞不前27.anecdote(CET6+TEM4)n.Ananecdoteisashort,amusingaccountofsomethingthathashappened.趣闻轶事Peterwastellingthemananecdoteabouttheirmother.皮特正告诉他们一个关于他们母亲的趣闻轶事。28.abound(CET6+TEM4)v.Ifthingsabound,orifaplaceaboundswiththings,thereareverylargenumbersofthem.充满Storiesaboundaboutwhenhewasincharge.他负责时传闻很多。29.metric(CET4TEM4)n.30.entrepreneurshipn.Entrepreneurship

isthestateofbeinganentrepreneur,ortheactivitiesassociatedwithbeinganentrepreneur.企业家(身份、行为);企业家精神It’sthekindofentrepreneurshiptheGovernmentofRwandawantstofosterandpromote.卢旺达政府打算培育和推广的就是这种企业家精神。31.dynamism(TEM8)n.Ifyousaythatsomeoneorsomethinghasdynamism,youareexpressingapprovalofthefactthattheyarefullofenergyorfullofnewandexcitingideas.活力;创新思维...asituationthatcallsfordynamismandnewthinking.…一种需要活力和新思维的局势。32.dampen(TEM8)v.Todampensomethingsuchassomeone'senthusiasmorexcitementmeanstomakeitlesslivelyorintense.抑制;减少Nothingseemstodampenhisperpetualenthusiasm.似乎没有什么能减弱他持久的热情。33.intermediary(CET6TEM8)n.Anintermediaryisapersonwhopassesmessagesorproposalsbetweentwopeopleorgroups.中间人ShewantedhimtoactasanintermediaryinthedisputewithMoscow.她想让他在与莫斯科的争端中担当中间人。34.rampsth.up(CET6+TEM4)phr.v.ifacompanyrampsupanactivity,itincreasesit提高，使增加Producerscanquicklyrampupproduction.厂商可以迅速增加产量。35.frictionlessadj.无摩擦的36.notwithstanding(CET6TEM4)adv.尽管Hisrelationswithcolleagues,differencesofopinionnotwithstanding,wereunfailinglyfriendly.他与同事们尽管有意见分歧，但关系一直很融洽。37.windfall(TEM8)n.Awindfallisasumofmoneythatyoureceiveunexpectedlyorbyluck,forexample,ifyouwinalottery.意外之财...themanwhoreceiveda$250,000windfallafterabankingerror....因银行失误得到25万美元意外之财的那位男子。38.hollowsth.outphr.v.tomakeaholeoremptyspacebyremovingtheinsidepartofsomething把…挖空[掏空]，使成中空39.implement(CET4TEM4)v.Ifyouimplementsomethingsuchasaplan,youensurethatwhathasbeenplannedisdone.实施;执行Thegovernmentpromisedtoimplementanewsystemtocontrolfinancialloaninstitutions.政府许诺要实施新的制度来控制金融贷款机构。40.static(CET4TEM4)adj.Somethingthatisstaticdoesnotmoveorchange.静止的;不变的Thenumberofyoungpeopleobtainingqualificationshasremainedstaticordecreased.获得各种资格证书的年轻人的数量一直保持不变或者已经减少。41.inertian.惯性；懒惰42.spike(TEM4)v.Ifthenumberorrateofsomethingspikes,itincreasesquicklyandbyalargeamount.激增Newtelephoneordershavespikedinthelasttwoyears.新装电话订单在过去两年里激增。WarmingupHaveyouevergonetravellingbyair?Ifso,doyouthinktheairfareishigh,loworsatisfactory?Why?Whatdoyouknowaboutmerger?Canyougiveanyexamples?Discusstheexamplesofmergeryouknowwithyourpartnerindetail.Doyouthinkairlinemergersleadtohigherairfares?Why?Haveyouevergonetravellingbyair?Ifso,doyouthinktheairfareishigh,loworsatisfactory?Why?Theanswertothisquestionisopen.Whatdoyouknowaboutmerger?Canyougiveanyexamples?Discusstheexamplesofmergeryouknowwithyourpartnerindetail.Mergersandacquisitions(M&A)aretransactionsinwhichtheownershipofcompanies,otherbusinessorganizations,ortheiroperatingunitsaretransferredorcombined.Asanaspectofstrategicmanagement,M&Acanallowenterprisestogrow,shrink,andchangethenatureoftheirbusinessorcompetitiveposition.Fromalegalpointofview,amergerisalegalconsolidationoftwoentitiesintooneentity,whereasanacquisitionoccurswhenoneentitytakesownershipofanotherentity'sstock,equityinterestsorassets.Fromacommercialandeconomicpointofview,bothtypesoftransactionsgenerallyresultintheconsolidationofassetsandliabilitiesunderoneentity,andthedistinctionbetweena"merger"andan"acquisition"islessclear.Atransactionlegallystructuredasanacquisitionmayhavetheeffectofplacingoneparty'sbusinessundertheindirectownershipoftheotherparty'sshareholders,whileatransactionlegallystructuredasamergermaygiveeachparty'sshareholderspartialownershipandcontrolofthecombinedenterprise.AdealmaybeeuphemisticallycalledamergerofequalsifbothCEOsagreethatjoiningtogetherisinthebestinterestofbothoftheircompanies,whilewhenthedealisunfriendly(thatis,whenthemanagementofthetargetcompanyopposesthedeal)itmayberegardedasan"acquisition".Doyouthinkairlinemergersleadtohigherairfares?Why?Theanswertothisquestionisopen.TextAAreAirlineMergersLeadingtoHigherAirFares?1.TheDepartmentofJustice（美国）司法部2.Delta-Northwest美国达美航空公司3.United-Continental美国联合大陆航空公司4.American-USAirways美国航空公司5.JetBlue美国捷蓝航空公司6.VirginAmerica维珍美国航空公司2022/12/192022/12/19TextBBusinessCompetitionHasNotGottenFiercer2022/12/19SiliconValleyisanicknameforthesouthernportionoftheSanFranciscoBayArea,inthenorthernpartoftheU.S.stateofCalifornia.The"valley”initsnamereferstotheSantaClaraValleyinSantaClaraCounty,whichincludesthecityofSanJoseandsurroundingcitiesandtowns,wheretheregionhasbeentraditionallycentered.Theword"silicon”originallyreferredtothelargenumberofsiliconchipinnovatorsandmanufacturersintheregion,buttheareaisnowthehometomanyoftheworld'slargesthigh-techcorporations,includingtheheadquartersof39businessesintheFortune1000,andthousandsofstartupcompanies.2022/12/19Microsoft:MicrosoftCorporation(abbreviatedasMS)isanAmericanmultinationaltechnologycompanywithheadquartersinRedmond,Washington.Itdevelops,manufactures,licenses,supportsandsellscomputersoftware,consumerelectronics,personalcomputers,andservices.ItsbestknownsoftwareproductsaretheMicrosoftWindowslineofoperatingsystems,theMicrosoftOfficesuite,andtheInternetExplorerandEdgewebbrowsers.ItsflagshiphardwareproductsaretheXboxvideogameconsolesandtheMicrosoftSurfacetabletlineup.Asof2016,itistheworld'slargestsoftwaremakerbyrevenue,andoneoftheworld'smostvaluablecompanies.Theword"Microsoft"isaportmanteauof"microcomputer"and"software".MicrosoftwasfoundedbyPaulAllenandBillGatesonApril4,1975,todevelopandsellBASICinterpretersfortheAltair8800.ItrosetodominatethepersonalcomputeroperatingsystemmarketwithMS-DOSinthemid-1980s,followedbyMicrosoftWindows.Thecompany's1986initialpublicoffering(IPO),andsubsequentriseinitsshareprice,createdthreebillionairesandanestimated12,000millionairesamongMicrosoftemployees.Sincethe1990s,ithasincreasinglydiversifiedfromtheoperatingsystemmarketandhasmadeanumberofcorporateacquisitions—theirlargestbeingtheacquisitionofLinkedInfor$26.2billioninDecember2016,followedbySkypeTechnologiesfor$8.5billioninMay2011.(fromWikipedia)微软公司KeytoexercisesTextAI.1.B2.C3.C4.C5.BII.A1.A2.B3.C4.B5.B6.A7.D8.C9.A10.DB1.blamed2.madeup3.determining4.inresponseto5.ontheflipside6.hub-and-spoke7.inflation-adjusted8.correlatewith9.transatlantic10.passengercapacityIII.1.petitionIV.1.最新的交通部数据显示，第四季度扣除通胀因素后的机票价格比一年前上升2%，尽管同期飞机燃油价格下降了25%。2.跨越大西洋的航线被三大合资企业主宰，其旅客运送能力合计超过75%。3.参与航空公司忠诚度项目的乘客通常愿意为了乘坐自己偏爱的航班而支付额外费用。4.另一方面，航空公司会惩罚其竞争对手，如果该对手不能恪守这一含蓄的约定，而一味地与之激烈竞争。5.美国司法部增强其对于航空业的关注是正确的，毕竟阻止市场权力的滥用是它的职责之一。V.1.Becauseitwouldbeverydifficulttomakeaconvincingcaseforbreakingupanyofthelargenetworkcarriers.2.Theauthorthinksconsumers’anticipationforlowerairfaresisnotpossible.3.Partiallybecausecompetitionismorethanjustaquestionofnumbersandsomecollusionisactuallylegal.4.Tacitcollusionandsoftcompetition.5.Theauthorcitethisexampletoshowthatalthoughtheairlineindustryexperiencedseverallargemergersoverthepast25yearsorso,thatis,thetotalnumberofcarriersbecomesfewer,thatdoesnotnecessarilycorrelatewiththeextentofcompetition.TextBI.1.Because