句型(简单句+复杂句)

TOC\o"1-5"\h\z\o"CurrentDocument"句法 2\o"CurrentDocument"简单句 simplesentence 2\o"CurrentDocument"英语六种基本句型： 2\o"CurrentDocument"1： S+V 2\o"CurrentDocument"2： S+V+P 2\o"CurrentDocument"3： S+V+DO 2\o"CurrentDocument"4： S+V+IO+DO 2\o"CurrentDocument"5： S+V+DO+OC 2\o"CurrentDocument"6: Therebe 2\o"CurrentDocument"复杂句 complexsentence 3\o"CurrentDocument"并列复杂句 3\o"CurrentDocument"从属复杂句 3\o"CurrentDocument"名词性从句 4主语从句 4\o"CurrentDocument"宾语从句 4\o"CurrentDocument"表语从句 5\o"CurrentDocument"同位语从句 5\o"CurrentDocument"形容词性从句 6\o"CurrentDocument"定语从句 6\o"CurrentDocument"限定性定语从句 6\o"CurrentDocument"非限定性定语从句 6副词性从句 8\o"CurrentDocument"状语从句 8\o"CurrentDocument"时间状语从句 (时间状语) 8\o"CurrentDocument"条件状语从句(用 if/unless引导的状语从句) 8\o"CurrentDocument"地点状语从句 (where) 9\o"CurrentDocument"原因状语从句 (because,since,as) 9\o"CurrentDocument"让步状语从句( though,although,eventhough,nomatterwhat) 9\o"CurrentDocument"比较状语从句( than,as...as) 9\o"CurrentDocument"目的状语从句( that,sothat,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,incase ) 9句法句型分类简单句simplesentence-只有一个主语和一个谓语（ Ileft.）英语六种基本句型：1：S+V（主语subject+谓语predicate）2：S+V+P（主语 subject+系动词linkverb+表语predicative）3：S+V+DO（主语 subject+谓语predicate+宾语object）4：S+V+IO+DO（主语 subject+谓语 predicate+间接宾语 indirecto+直接宾语 directo）5：S+V+DO+OC（主语 subject+谓语 predicate+宾语 +宾补objectcomplement）6:TherebeTherebe“有” ，There是引导词， 无意义，Therebe后面的名词是句子的主语， 属于倒装结构，表示某处有某人 /某物。There+be+主语Thereisacupofwateronthetable.与have的区别Therebe表示客观存在， have表示单纯的拥有。Therearethreecarsintheparkinglot.Hehasthreecarsinhisownparkinglot.Therebe的就近一致原则Thereisagayandthreegirlsintheclassroom.Therearethreegirlsandaboyintheclassroom.Therearesomewherebetween45,000to100,000ofthemlivinginthecountrieslikeZambiaandZimbabwe.ForthecenturybeforeJohnson?sDictionarywaspublishedin1775,therehadbeenconcernaboutthestateoftheEnglishlanguage.2：S+V+P（主语subject+系动词linkverb+表语predicative）Youarecute.3：S+V+DO（主语 +谓语+宾语object）Iloveyou.复杂句complexsentence-不止一个主语和一个谓语并列复杂句有并列连词： and/or/but从属复杂句由一个主句 (principalclause)和一个或一个以上的从句( subordinateclause)构成。什么是从句( subordinateclause)？从句是复杂句不能独立成句， 由that/who/whom/when/why/where/how/which等引导词(connective)引导的非主句部分。从句的类型名词性从句： ?主语从句 ?宾语从句 ?表语从句 ?同位语从句形容词性从句：定语从句副词性从句：状语从句从句三要素 ：必须有连接词 必须是陈述句 不能单独使用

名词性从句主语从句-在复杂句中充当主语成分的句子叫主语从句不受主句时态影响系动词是单数 is谓语动词是第三人称单数陈述语序Eg.ThatIhavehadsomanyfriendsisamazing.陈述句用 thatThathemarriedagirlinsuchashorttimesurprisesusall.特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词Whenhewillcomeoutoftheclosethasn?tbeendecided.Whyheisn?thereisnotcleartoeveryone.主语从句 &形式主语ThatIhavehadsomanyfriendsisamazing.ItisamazingthatIhavesomanyfriends.Ithadbeenestimatedthatupto50%ofpeopleinthedevelopedworldareoverweightand20%oftheseareobese.宾语从句-在复合句中充当宾语成分的句子叫做宾语从句Heknowswherethebaris.Idon?tknowwhenhewillcome.AsPeterDerksays:,IfwecanfigureoutAsPeterDerksays:,Ifwecanfigureouthowthemindprocesseshumour,thewe?llhaveaprettygoodhandleonowitworksingeneral?.名词：Milgram谓语动词：ATELLBTODOSTHMilgramtoldeachvolunteerhaveaprettygoodhandleonowitworksingeneral?.名词：Milgram谓语动词：ATELLBTODOSTHMilgramtoldeachvolunteertold宾语：teache-rsubject’thattheexperimentwasinthenoblecauseofeducation,andexperimentwasdesignedtotestwhetherornotpunishingpupilsfortheirmistakeswouldhaveapositiveeffectonthepupilsabilitytolearn.Thegrowinginternationalimportanceofathleticsmeansthatgiftedathletescanberecognisedatyoungerage.Itisalsoacceptedthatthisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethatadequatehealth-careresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse.形式宾语 it宾语从句 &形式宾语如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语，要用形式宾语 it,而将从句放到补足语后面。Itisluckytodatewithyou.Iknowitluckytodatewithyou.S+V+it+adj./n./done+thatclauseIthoughtitstrangethathemarriedher.1.S+V+it+adj./of(for)sb.+todosth.Ifounditimpossibleformetofindagirlfriend.2.S+V+it+adj./n./done+thatclauseIconsidereditamazingthathelefthisgirlfriend.3.S+V+it+nouse/good/worth+doingsthThink/find/consider/makeIdon?tthinkitworthwhiletakingsomuchtroubletodothis.4.S+V+it+when/ifLove,like,enjoy,hate,appreciate表语从句-表语从句是一个句子作为表语成分，说明主语。Eg.Theproblemiswhenhecanfinishit.OneinterestingcorrelationMantonuncoveredisthatbetter-educatedpeoplearelikelytolivelonger.Theconventionalpictureisthattensofthousandsofslavesdraggedstonesonsledges.同位语从句同位语-在句子中前后两词（组，句）所指意思相同，句法功能相同，这种结构叫同位结构，前面是同位词，后面是同位语。MyboyfriendHooverworksinhere.Webotharelecturer.Helikeshisjob,writingessays.Accordingtohisbiographer,JamesBoswell同位语从句-在复杂句充当同位语的名词性从句是同位语从句。Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheisamurder.常见同位名词中心词Fact/news/idea/hope/report/opinion/order/question/problem/truth/theory/decision/discovery/conclusion/promise/rumour/possibility/answer/belief,etc.同位语从句种类：限制性同位语从句：紧跟同位名词非限制性 同位语从句：有逗号或者破折号与中心词分开Thenewsthatheintendedtocomegaveusmuchpleasure.Thehardtruth,thathecameoutofthecloset,wasagreatshocktoherparents.形容词性从句定语定语修饰名词：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。可以作定语成分的有： 形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、 动词不定式、 （短语）、分词、从句出现位置：紧跟名词前后Ilovebeautifulyou.定语从句-在复杂句中作定语， 修饰限定一个主语 /宾语、 表语的名词或代词的句子叫做定语从句，被修饰叫做 先行词，由关系代词引出。Idon?tliketheboywhoisstraight.ThemanthatIspoketoisHoover.种类限定性定语从句用来限定先行词的范围Ilikeamanwhoisrich.非限定性定语从句对于先行词的一个进一步解释Ilikeaman,whoisrich.

Tips:(1.进行时态的定语从句可以省略关系代词和 be动词，仅仅用现在分词。Therearethenations(whichare)feedingbillionsofpeople.(2.被动语态的定语从句，可以省略关系代词和 be动词，仅仅用过去分词。Thecamera(whichwas)orderedlastweekhadnotarrivedyet.区分同位语从句和定语从句1.同位语：具体内容描述，定语：限定修饰-Thenewsthatheisgayistrue.-Thenewsthatthegirltoldmeistrue.2.What/how/whether/is是同位语从句Who翻译为谁， which翻译成哪一个 ,是同位语从句，否则是定语从句。Eg.Ihaveaquestionwhetheryouareagay?Eg.I?msureheisthegaywhoyouwillbegladtogetacquainted.3.that是否在句子做成分，充当是定从，不充当是同位从。从句结构完整是同位从，不完整是定从。Acompanythatstatestheirproductisthe,safest?or,cheapest?needstoshowproof,becausetheseclaimscandirectlyaffecttheircompetitors.Statementslikethese,thatnoonecanprove,arecalledpuffery.Somechildrenexpressedtheideathattheconservationofrainforestsisnotimportant.Themostfrequentresponsestothefirstquestionweredescriptionswhichareself-evidentfromtheterm,rainforest?.IntheNativeAmericanNavajonation,whichsprawlsacrossfourstatesintheAmericansouth-west,thenativelanguageisdying.Theyhavedevelopedahit-listofourmainfearsTheyhavedevelopedahit-listofourmainfears:thatnaturalresourcesarerunningout;thatthepopulationisevergrowing,leavinglessandlesstoeat;thatspeciesarebecomingextinctinvastnumbers,andthatplanetmorepolluted.?sairandwaterarebecomingeverout;thatthepopulationisevergrowing,leavinglessandlesstoeat;thatspeciesarebecomingextinctinvastnumbers,andthatplanetmorepolluted.?sairandwaterarebecomingeverPlatoexpressothers.theideathathomourisPlatoexpressothers.theideathathomourissimplyadelightedfeelingofsuperiorityoverbuildingupapsychictensionwhichisKantandFreudfeltthatjoke-tellingreliesonsafelypuncturedbytheludicrousnessofpunchline.buildingupapsychictensionwhichisThefactthatjokestapintoourgeneralevaluativemachineryexplainswhythelinebetweenfunnyanddisgusting,orfunnyandfrightening,canbesofine.Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostinmostOECDcountries,accompaniedbylarge-scaledemographicandsocialchangeswhichhavemeant,totakeoneexample,thatelderpeoplearenowmajorandrelativelyveryexpensiveconsumersofhealth-careresources.副词性从句状语状语修饰动词：状 语用来说明动作的地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式、和伴随状况。可以作状语成分的有： 副词、介词短语、分词（过去 /现在分词等）和分词短语、不定式、从句Igetupat7.Herunsfast.Iamtakingcoursesatschool.Hecomesherebytrain.状语从句-在复合句做状语，起副词作用的句子叫状语从句，它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。IwillcallyouwhenIarrivehome.Theshowissoamazingthateveryoneapplauds.种类时间状语从句 （时间状语）IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcametoBeijing.Eg.Thelatterprocedureisunavoidablewhenworkingonforeignlanguages,orchildspeech.条件状语从句（用 if/unless引导的状语从句）Youwillnotbeabletopassthetestunlessyoustarttostudyhard.Eg.Ifyoustickoutyourtongueandlookinthemirror,youwillseethatitiscoveredwithtinybumps.Thatwouldmatterlessifpeopleappliedthesamedegreeofskepticismtoenvironmentallobbyingastheydotolobbygroupsinotherfields.地点状语从句 (where)Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Eg.Daylengthisausefulcueforbreedinginareaswheretemperaturesareunpredictable.原因状语从句 (because,since,as)IamworkingreallyhardbecauseIlovethisjob.让步状语从句( though,although,event