中学生英语学习常见错误一览表(四)

中学生英语学习常见错误一览表(四Ggame[误]HewenttoAmericatotakepartintheOlympicGame.[正]HewenttoAmericatotakepartintheOlympicGames.[析]game作为"运动会"讲时应用其复数形式,而具体一个游戏则可用其单数形式。如:Ourschoolteamwonthegame.German[误]TheyareGermen.[正]TheyareGermans.[误]ShecomesfromGerman.[正]ShecomesfromGermany.[析]German是"德国人"、"德国的"、"德语",其复数形式是Germans;而Germany才是德国。gather[误]Allthestudentsandteachersaregatheredtogethernow.[正]Allthestudentsandteachersaregatherednow.[析]用了动词gather就不要再用together了。这句话还可以这样讲:Allthestudentsandteachersgottogether.give[误]Shegivesuptolookforthelostbike.[正]Shegivesuplookingforthelostbike.[析]giveup意为"放弃",其后只接动名词作介词宾语,而不应接不定式。glad[误]Hisparentswereverygladforhissuccessinbusiness.[正]Hisparentswereverygladofhissuccessinbusiness.[正]Hisparentswereverygladtoknowhissuccessinbusiness.[析]"为……感到高兴"应是begladofsomething或begladtodosomething.glass[误]Theoldteacherhastwopairofbigglass.[正]Theoldteacherhastwopairsofbigglasses.[析]glass作为"眼镜"讲,应用复数形式,在英语中手套gloves裤子pants,剪刀scissors均用复数形式。glass作"玻璃杯"讲时则可用单数形式或复数形式,如:Iwanttwoglassesofmilk.而作为物质名词"玻璃"讲则要用作不可数名词,如:Theboybroketwopanesofglass.go[误]-Mary,couldyoucometomyhomenow?-Yes,I'mgoing.[正]-Mary,couldyoucometomyhomenow?-Yes,I'mcoming.[析]go是指离开说话人所在地,而come指的是朝向说话人的方向:如:Comehere!CanIcomeandhelpyou?但在口语中也有一些例外,如表示要参加到某人或者某件活动时常用come,如:Wearegoingtohaveapartytonight.Wouldyouliketocomewithus?gonebeenHehasgonetoShanghai.指此人已去上海不在此地了。HehasbeentoShanghai.指此人去过上海现已回来了。gold[误]Shebrushedhergoldhaircarefully.[正]Shebrushedhergoldenhaircarefully.[析]gold作形容词指"金质的",如:agoldring,agoldcoin,而golden是"金色的",如:goldenage(金色的时代,但"金鱼"例外,为goldfish。good[误]I'vebeenwaitingforgoodtwentyminutes.[正]I'vebeenwaitingforagoodtwentyminutes.[析]agood之意为"足足"、"整整"之意。goodwellHeisgood.应译为"他是个好人。"而Heiswell.应译为"他身体不错。"Ifeelgood.即精神状态良好,而Ifeelwell.即身体状况不错。[误]Thisfoodisverygoodtoyou.[正]Thisfoodisverygoodforyou.[析]begoodfor是"对……有利、有好处",而begoodto是指"对待某人不错",如:Yourfriendisverygoodtome.grade[误]-Whatgradeareyouin?-I'mingrade1.[正]-Whatgradeareyouin?-I'minGread1.[析]当泛指那一年级时grade的头一个字母小写,当有具体数字时则要大写。Hhadbetter[误]Youhavebetterhurry.[正]Youhadbetterhurry.[析]hadbetter只用过去时had,不要误用成现在时have。[误]Youhadn'tbetterworry.[正]Youhadbetternotworry.[析]hadbetter后面加不带to的不定式,其否定式是"hadbetternot+动词原形"。half[误]Ihaddrivenabouthalfmile.[正]Ihaddrivenabouthalfamile.[析]"半小时"有两种讲法halfanhour,ahalfhour.而"一个半小时"应讲anhourandahalf或oneandahalfhours."半天"应讲halfaday,"半镑"应讲halfapound.但要尽量避免使用halfayear,而应用sixmonths;不用halfamonth,而用twoweeks或fifteendays.[误]Halfuscouldgotothepark.[正]Halfofuscouldgotothepark.[析]half用于名词前可用of结构也可不用of结构,但用于代词前则必须加of。如:Morethanhalf(ofmyclassmatesareboys.[误]Oneandhalfapplesareleftonthetable.[正]Oneandhalfapplesisleftonthetable.[析]一个半oneandhalf后面的名词要用复数,而句中的谓语动词却要用单数。[误]Halfoftheworkaredone.[正]Halfoftheworkisdone.[误]Halfofthesixapplesisred.[正]Halfofthesixapplesarered.[析]"halfof+名词"这一结构后面的谓语动词应与of后面的名词相一致,如为不可数名词或可数名词单数,要用单数谓语动词;而复数名词后面要加与复数相对应的谓语动词。hand[误]Heshookhandwithhisteacher.[正]Heshookhandswithhisteacher.[析]与某人握手要用shakehands.与hand有关的词组中有很多要用复数形式,如:changehands(转手、易手,inthehandsof(由……控制,joinhands(与人合作。happen[误]Whatwashappenedtoyoulastmonth?[正]Whathappenedtoyoulastmonth?[误]Anaccidentwashappenedinthisstreetlastnight.[正]Anaccidenthappenedinthisstreetlastnight.[析]在英语中不及物动词没有被动态,作为"发生"讲的happen,takeplace和breakout都不具有被动态。happento常用来表达一件偶然发生的事,如:Ifyouhappentomeetmysisterpleaseaskhertocallme.hard[误]Ihavetostudyhardly.[正]Ihavetostudyhard.[析]hard是形容词,如:ahardwork,但它同时也是副词。hardly是hard的又一副词形式,但词意截然不同,意为"几乎不"。[误]Ihadmylegbrokenlastterm,soIcouldn'thardlystudyatall.[正]IhadmylegbrokenlasttermsoIhardlystudiedatall.[析]hardly意为"否定",所以不要再加否定词语了,如果hardly用于句首则应采用倒装语序,如:Hardlyhadhearrivedwhenshestartedcomplaining.have[误]Ihadmyboydohishomeworkfrommorningtillnoon.[正]Ihadmyboydoinghishomeworkfrommorningtillnoon.[析]用havesomebodydosomething还是doingsomething要取决句子的意思和句中的时间状语。[误]Ihavemybiketorepair.[正]Ihavemybikerepaired.[析]havesomethingdone这一句型是让某事被别人去作,请看下面两句意义的不同:Ihaverepairedmybike.(我自己已修好了自行车。而Ihavemybikerepaired.(我把车推出去让别人修理了。[误]Couldyougivemesomemoneyifyouhave.[正]Couldyougivemesomemoneyifyouhaveany.[析]"如果你有的话"一句译为英文应加上any一词,如:Iwantsomebooksifthereisany.headache[误]I'vegotheadache.[正]I'vegotaheadache.[析]Headache是一个规则的可数名词,所以可以讲:Mymotheroftengetsheadaches.但是"牙痛"toothache,"肚子痛"stomacheache等却都可以用作不可数名词,如:I'vegottoothache.但也可用作可数名词。hear[误]Hewasheardsinginthenextroom.[正]Hewasheardtosinginthenextroom.[析]hearsomebodydosomething这一句式用于被动语态时要把原来省略的不定式to还原回来。而在hearsomebodydoingsomething这一句式中则不会出现上述问题。如,主动态:Iheardhersinginginthenextroom.变为被动态时为:Shewasheardsinginginthenextroom.这种用法还适用于see,look,observe,watch,notice,listento等。hearlistentohear一词为听见了什么,或听到什么,强调其结果;而listento则强调有意要听,听的倾向。如:Iwanttolistentoyou,butIhearnothing.但词组hearabout(of则为"听说过"之意,如:Iheardaboutthis.(我听说过此事。而hearfrom则为"收到某人信件"之意:Ioftenhearfrommygirlfriend.help[误]Pleasehelpmyhomework.[正]Pleasehelpmedomyhomework.[正]Pleasehelpmewithmyhomework.[析]help其句型是helpsomebodydo(todosomething.意为"帮某人作某事",但在较古老的语法中不带to的不定式表示句子的主语参加这个动作,如:Hehelphismothercookthemeal.即"他和母亲一起作饭。"而Hehelpmetodomyhomework.则是"他指导我做作业"。但在现代英语中这个区别则往往被取消了。所以带to与不带to的不定式在句中意思相同,并无区别。[误]WhenIreadtheplayIcan'thelptothinkofmychildhood.[正]WhenIreadtheplayIcan'thelpthinkingofmychildhood.[析]can'thelpdoingsomething是"身不由己,情不自禁做某事"。[误]Helpyourselfwithsomecakes.[正]Helpyourselftosomecakes.[析]中文中讲"你自己拿蛋糕吃",英文中要用helpsomebodytosomething.here[误]Herethebuscomes![正]Herecomesthebus![析]副词在句首时一般要用倒装语序,即谓语动词的位置前移。但是,若主语如是人称代词,则还是要用正常语序,如:Hereweare!high[误]Heisveryhigh.[正]Heisverytall.[析]英语中的两个"高"high和tall,其中tall指人指物都是可以的,但high则只指物体的高,所以可以讲Thisbuildingisthehighestbuildinginthecity.但tall一般不用来指山脉的高低。hit[误]Themothergotangryandhittheboy.[正]Themothergotangryandbeattheboy.[析]hit指打到某物之上,一般指一次性打击,如Hehithisheadagainstthewall.(他把头撞到了墙上。而beat则指多次性的打击。home[误]I'mtired.It'stimeIwenttohome.[正]I'mtired.It'stimeIwenthome.[析]home此处用作副词,所以不应加to,又如:Iarrivedhomeateleventhirtyyesterdayevening.而athome除了"在家"之意外,还有像"在家里一样"之意。如Makeyourselfathome.(不要拘束就像在家一样。homehousefamilyhome是指与亲人一起居住的地方,可以讲aletterfromhome,所以有人解释home包括住处和家人。而house的侧重点则在建筑物,如Manynewhouseswerebuiltthisyear.family一词,作为整体讲其谓语动词用单数,如:Herfamilyisahappyone.而作为家庭成员讲时要用复数谓语动词,如:Myfamilyarealllikeswimming.homgwork[误]Ihavesomanyhomeworktodotoday.[正]Ihavesomuchhomeworkgodotoday.[析]homework为不可数名词。同样的词还有work(work作为"著作"、"作品"、"工厂"讲时为可数名词,fun,healthinformation等。hope[误]Ihopeyoutobeagoodstudent.[正]Ihopeyouwillbeagoodstudent.[析]hope一词不能接宾语再加上宾语补足语,但它可以接不定式作宾语,如:Ihopetobeascientist.而wish却可以接宾语加宾语补足语,如:Iwishyoutobeagoodstudent.[误]Idon'thopeyouwillgototheparktomorrow.[正]Ihopeyouwon'tgototheparktomorrow.[析]hope和think在否定句中的用法不同,如"我认为你错了"。应译为:Idon'tthinkyouareright.即否定在前。而hope则不能这样用。又如在答语中"我不这样认为"应译为Idon'tthinkso.或Ihopenot.[误]Ihopeyourhelp.［正］IDDTDDDDDDTDDDDTDD［析］DDTDDDD为"期望某事发生"，虽然DDTD是及物动词，但表达期望某事情发生要用"DDTDDDD+名词"这一结构。D［误］IDDDDDTDDTDDDTDDDDDDDIDDDD［正］IDDDDDTDDTDDDTDDDDDTDDDDIDDDD［析］对某事存有希望应用"DDTDDTDDD(DbDTD+介词宾语"这一结构。DDDDTDDDDD［误］MDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDTDDDDDDDDDDDDDMDDD［正］MDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDTDDDDDDDDDDDDDMDDD［析］DDDDDTDDDD为"住院就医"。而DD(DDDDDDDDTDDDD为"在医院(工作"。如：HDDDDhDTDDDDD(DDDDDDDDTDDDDD类似的用法还有很多，如："上学"为TDDDDTDDDD，DDDTDDDD为"在校就读"，TDDDbDh为"上床睡觉"。DDDDD［误］IDDDDDDMDDDDDDDDhDDD［正］IDDDDDDMDDDD